Environmental Studies

Assignment 02

Amey Deshmukh B
Pillai Hoc COA, Rasayani
1.Energy-efficient lighting fixtures and appliances
XED
• XED(Xenon Energy
Discharge Lamp), working
principle: Xenon gas with
high voltage excitation, the
free electrons in the lamp
electric field obtain enough
energy to collision atom,
so that it releases more free
electrons, which cause the
gas lamp continuous
avalanche discharge,
thereby releasing out of
electromagnetic waves,
and ultimately achieve the
purpose of gasdischarge
light.
2. Efficient • Copenhagen makes about 80% of their carbon neutral plan.
• To cut down on their consumption Copenhagen uses one of the world's largest and
heating, cooling most successful district heating systems.
• It works by using a network of pipes to capture left overheat from electricity
and ventilation production then delivers that heat to homes across the city 99% of all households in
Copenhagen are linked to efficient district heating system.
systems • They are also used to take cold out of the Harbour and distribute it to various spaces
which will reduce electricity for cooling down buildings.
3. Water-saving plumbing fixtures
 • Rainwater is used as a primary source of drinking water in several rural areas. The
best thing about rainwater is that it is free from pollutants as well as salts, minerals,
and other natural and man-made contaminants.

4. Rainwater • Rainwater is collected when it falls on the earth, stored and utilized at a later point. It
can be purified to convert it into drinking water, used for daily applications and even
harvesting utilized in large scale industries.
• In an urban setting, harvesting is usually done with the help of some infrastructure, or
the simplest method for a rainwater harvesting system is storage tanks. In this, a
catchment area for the water is directly linked to tanks and reservoirs.
• To reduce the consumption of groundwater, many people around the world are using
rainwater harvesting systems. In areas where there is excess rainfall, the surplus
rainwater can be used to recharge groundwater through artificial recharge techniques.
 • Solar panels are an excellent way to save energy and reduce power bills, and
in some cases they can even provide extra income.
• For example, if the solar array produces more energy than what the building
5a. Solar panels consumes, many utility companies will buy excess power back from
building owners. This energy is then distributed to other users through the
electric grid
 • Solar shingles are an emerging technology, which combines solar panels
and roof shingles. Unlike solar panels laid on top of the roof, solar shingles
are part of the roof, serving as a power source for the building.
5b. Solar panels • Solar shingles are more expensive that solar panels: in addition to being a
power source for the building, they are actual roof shingles.
• Solar shingles are wired and connected to the electrical system of the
building. Ideally, they should have an optimal orientation that maximizes
sunlight, to minimize electricity consumption from the grid.
 The Bullitt Center
• The Bullitt Center is a commercial
office building at the intersection
of the Central District
neighborhood, and Capitol
Hill, Seattle, Washington.
• The Bullitt Center was designed to
be the greenest commercial
building in the world, and was
certified as a "Living Building" by
the International Living Future
Institute in April 2015. It was built
by the Bullitt Foundation, a non-
profit group based in Seattle that
focuses on urban ecology.
• The environmentally-
conscious Bullitt Foundation hopes
that the new center will
demonstrate that carbon-neutral
office space can be "commercially
viable and aesthetically stunning,"
a series of systems that can be
easily copied elsewhere without
being overly demanding in
upkeep.
• There are quite a few systems that
make the Bullitt Center not only
unique but one-of-a-kind.
▪ The Bullitt Center was designed to have a 250-year
lifespan.
▪ Energy is generated by a large solar panel array
(composed of 575 panels) on the roof of the building,
along with energy conservation measures that cut the
building's energy consumption to approximately 15% of
a typical office building of similar size.
▪ 70 kBtu / sq. ft. / year (1,077,000 KWH / year): Total
energy use by typical existing Seattle office.
▪ 16 kBtu / sq. ft. / year (230,000 KWH/year): Total energy
use in the Bullitt Center.
▪ 82 percent: Amount of the building that is naturally
daylit
▪ 100 percent: Amount of building perimeter spaces that
can be ventilated with operable windows
▪ 400 feet: Depth of geothermal wells used to heat and
cool the building
▪ 26: Number of geothermal wells
▪ 56,000 gallons: Size of the cistern in the basement to
capture rainwater
▪ 950: Size of the cistern in square feet
▪ The buildings elevators have intentionally been installed
out of sight to encourage people to use the staircase
which has been prominently placed protruding from the
façade allowing for a good view of the surrounding area.