PUNE INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY

DHANKAWADI, PUNE – 43

CLASS : F.E(COMMON) SUBJECT : BXE

EXPT. NO. : 2 DATE : 08/06/2021

TITLE : STUDY OF DIFFERENT ELECTRONIC MEASURING

INSTRUMENTS
Name: Tejas Mukund Ambekar

Batch: A-4

Roll No.: 10414

OBJECTIVE :
a. To study different controls of DMM & measurement of Parameters
like AC & DC voltage, current, Resistance, checking of diode, BJT
etc.
b. To study controls of CRO, measurement of frequency, AC, DC
voltages also obtain the phase shift between to signals using CRO
with the help of Lissajous pattern.
c. To study various controls of signal generator.

APPARATUS : 1. Digital multimeter with probes

2. Sample resistor, diode, transistor
3. Signal generator
4. CRO with probes
Instructions to perform Simulation on Tinkercad:

1. Open https://www.tinkercad.com/
2. Create account or sign in using your email id.
3. Go to --- Circuits.

4. Click on—Create New Circuit.

5. Explore Function Generator and Oscilloscope from components and
drag them to design the circuit.
6. Connect Function Generator to Oscilloscope and click on Start
Simulation.
Lab Observation Record:
Plot the waveforms of given frequency and amplitude and paste
the screenshot of Tinkercad simulation.
1. Sine Wave
Frequency: 1000 Hz
Amplitude: 5 V
Offset: 0 V

Tinkercad Screenshot:

Frequency and Amplitude Calculation:

(Write the observations/ calculations in your own handwriting.)

1 1
Frequency = 𝑚𝑠 = = 1000Hz
0.2 ×5 𝑑𝑖𝑣 1×10−3 𝑠
𝑑𝑖𝑣

𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡
Amplitude = 2.5 𝑑𝑖𝑣 × 2 = 5 Volt
𝑑𝑖𝑣

Amplitude and Frequency of the given wave is 5 V and

1000Hz.
2. Sine Wave
Frequency: 2000 Hz
Amplitude: 4 V
Offset: 2 V

Tinkercad Screenshot:

Frequency and Amplitude Calculation:

(Write the observations/ calculations in your own handwriting.)

1 1
Frequency = 𝑚𝑠 = = 2000Hz
0.2 ×2.5 𝑑𝑖𝑣 0.5 ×10−3 𝑠
𝑑𝑖𝑣
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡
Amplitude = 2𝑑𝑖𝑣 × 2 = 4V
𝑑𝑖𝑣

Offset of the given wave is +2V, so the wave slightly

shifts upward from the time axis.
Frequency and Amplitude of the given wave is
2000Hz and 4V.
3. Square Wave
Frequency: 500 Hz
Amplitude: 6 V
Offset: 0 V

Tinkercad Screenshot:

Frequency and Amplitude Calculation:

(Write the observations/ calculations in your own handwriting.)

1 1
Frequency = 𝑚𝑠 = = 500Hz
2 𝑑𝑖𝑣 ×1𝑑𝑖𝑣 2×10−3 𝑠

𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡
Amplitude = 3 𝑑𝑖𝑣 × 2 = 6V
𝑑𝑖𝑣

Frequency and Amplitude of the given wave is 2000Hz and 6V.

4. Square Wave
Frequency: 700 Hz
Amplitude: 6 V
Offset: 3 V

Tinkercad Screenshot:

Frequency and Amplitude Calculation:

(Write the observations/ calculations in your own handwriting.)

1 1
Frequency = 𝑚𝑠 = = 714Hz
0.4 ×3.5 𝑑𝑖𝑣 1.4×10−3 𝑠
𝑑𝑖𝑣

≈ 700Hz
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡
Amplitude = 3𝑑𝑖𝑣 × 2 = 6V
𝑑𝑖𝑣

Offset of the given wave is +3V, so the wave slightly

shifts upward by 3 Volts.
Frequency and Amplitude of the given wave is 700Hz
and 6V.
5. Triangular Wave
Frequency: 900 Hz
Amplitude: 7 V
Offset: 0 V

Tinkercad Screenshot:

Frequency and Amplitude Calculation:

(Write the observations/ calculations in your own handwriting.)

1 1
Frequency = 𝑚𝑠 = = 909Hz
4 𝑑𝑖𝑣 ×0.5 2×10−3 𝑠
𝑑𝑖𝑣
Frequency ≈ 900Hz
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡
Amplitude = 3.5 𝑑𝑖𝑣 × 2 =7 V
𝑑𝑖𝑣

Frequency and Amplitude of the given wave is 900Hz

and 7V.
6. Triangular Wave
Frequency: 400 Hz
Amplitude: 5 V
Offset: 5 V

Tinkercad Screenshot:

Frequency and Amplitude Calculation:

(Write the observations/ calculations in your own handwriting.)

1 1
Frequency = 𝑚𝑠 = = 400Hz
5 𝑑𝑖𝑣 ×0.5𝑑𝑖𝑣 2.5×10−3 𝑠

𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡
Amplitude = 2.5 𝑑𝑖𝑣 × 2 = 5V
𝑑𝑖𝑣

Offset of the given wave is +5V, so the wave slightly

shifts upward by 5 Volts.
Frequency and Amplitude of the given wave is 400Hz and
5V.
Conclusion:
1. Understood the principle of Function Generator and Oscilloscope.

2. Understood the mechanism of working of different electronic devices.

3. Understood the working and function of Function Generator and

Oscilloscope.

Assignment Questions:
1. An oscilloscope is connected to a battery of unknown voltage. The result
is a straight line on the display:

Assuming the oscilloscope display has been properly “zeroed” and the
vertical sensitivity is set to 5 volts per division, determine the voltage
of the battery.

Answer:

No. of block in vertical axis => 1.3 div

(divisions)
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡
Voltage => 5 × 1.3 𝑑𝑖𝑣
𝑑𝑖𝑣
Voltage => 6.5 V
So, the voltage of the battery is slightly greater than 6.5 V.

2. A technician prepares to use an oscilloscope to display an AC voltage

signal. After turning the oscilloscope on and connecting the Y input probe
to the signal source test points, this display appears:
 What display control(s) need to be adjusted on the oscilloscope to show
fewer cycles of this signal on the screen, with a greater height
(amplitude)?

Answer:

For separating waves, we have decrease time base i.e.

time(second) for division.
For increasing amplitude of wave, we have to decrease “vertical”
i.e. voltage per division.

3. Assuming the vertical sensitivity control is set to 0.5 volts per division,
and the timebase control is set to 2.5 ms per division, calculate the
amplitude of this sine wave (in volts peak, volts peak-to-peak, and volts
RMS) as well as its frequency

Answer:
V peak to peak = 9 × 0.5 = 4.5V
𝑉𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝑡𝑜 𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘 4.5
V peak = = = 2.25V
2 2
𝑉𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘 2.25
V rms = = = 1.59𝑉
√2 √2
1 1000
Frequency= 2.5×10 𝑘𝐻𝑧 = 25
= 40 Hz

4. Assuming the vertical sensitivity control is set to 2 volts per division,

and the timebase control is set to 10 μs per division, calculate the
amplitude of this “sawtooth” wave (in volts peak and volts peak-to-peak)
as well as its frequency.
 Answer:
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡
V peak to peak = 8 𝑑𝑖𝑣 × 2 = 16𝑉
𝑑𝑖𝑣
𝑉𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝑡𝑜 𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘 16
V peak = = = 8𝑉
2 2
1 1000
Frequency= 15×10 𝑘𝐻𝑧 = 150
= 6.67 Hz

5. A technician prepares to use an oscilloscope to display an AC voltage

signal. After turning the oscilloscope on and connecting the Y input probe
to the signal source test points, this display appears:

What appears on the oscilloscope screen is a vertical line that moves

slowly from left to right. What display control(s) need to be adjusted on
the oscilloscope to show a normal-looking wave on the screen?

Answer:
The vertical line moving left to right of wave is used to measure amplitude of
given wave correctly and more precisely.
To have normal looking wave on the screen, the ‘time based’ control needs
to be adjusted for fewer seconds per division.