Chapter-1-Research-Proposal-Mayce Joy Lampar

Republic of the Philippines
State Universities and Colleges

Guimaras State College
Graduate School
_________________________________________________________________
EFFECTIVENESS OF TEACHING STRATEGIES AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE

OF SCHOOL HEADS AMONG ELEMENTARY TEACHERS IN THE NEW NORMAL
A Research Proposal Presented

to the Graduate School
Buenavista, Guimaras
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
of Master in Educational Management (Non-Thesis)
MAYCE JOY L. LAMPAR

May 2021
i
Graduate School
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APPROVAL SHEET
This research proposal, entitled Effectiveness of Teaching Strategies
Technical Assistance of School Heads Among Elementary Teachers in the
New Normal prepared and submitted by Mayce Joy L. Lampar, in partial fulfillment of
the requirements in Descriptive Research for the Degree of Master in Education major
in Educational Management has been examined and is recommended for approval and
acceptance.
FE ABELLA-PANES
Research Adviser
ii
Graduate School
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
TITLE PAGE i
APPROVAL SHEET ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS iii
LIST OF DUMMY TABLES vi
LIS OF FIGURES vii
CHAPTER
1. INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study 1
Statement of the Problem 5
Null Hypotheses 6
Theoretical Framework 6
Conceptual Framework 10
Research Paradigm 10
Significance of the Study 11
Definition of Terms 12
Scope and Limitations of the Study 13
iii
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2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
Conceptual Literature
Related Studies
Foreign Studies
Local Studies
Relevance of Related Literature and Studies
3. METHODOLOGY
Research Design
Respondents of the Study
Data Gathering Instrument
Validity of the Research Instrument
Reliability of the Research Instrument
Data Gathering Procedure
Data Analysis Procedure
Statistical Tools to be Used in the Study
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
Appendix “A”- Research Instrument
Appendix “B”- Letters
iv
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Appendix “C”- Eight-Point Criteria
Appendix “D”- Dummy Tables
Appendix “E’- Curriculum Vitae
v
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List of Dummy Tables
1. Distribution of Respondents
2. Profile of Respondents
vi
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List of Figures
1. Figure 1: Schematic Diagram showing the relationships of the variables of the 10
study.
vii
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Chapter I
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Technical assistance is one of the key professional activities provided by the
Department of Education, Regional Office to the Schools Divisions, and by the Division
Office to the Schools, geared toward giving them support and guidance in identifying
problems and finding the right solutions for a more effective organization.
Republic Act No. 9155, or the “Governance of Basic Education Act of 2001”,
decentralized education governance, made “the school as the heart of the formal
education system” and shifted the focus of education management to School-Based
Management (SBM).
Technical assistance is deemed necessary to ensure effective programs
implementation and eventually achievement of higher or better learning outcomes. It
should impact on performance, and most of all, on the general welfare of the people in
the organization and of the organization itself. Guiding Principles of Technical
Assistance organization is responsible for its each own growth and development.
Technical assistance is aligned with the organization’s vision and mission and is based
on the organization’s needs. Learning is a cooperative and a collaborative process.
Technical Assistance is any form of professional help, guidance or support for

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1
“others” to be more effective in the performance of their functions. Technical Assistance
is conducted to help, solve problems, improve performance, get results, and gather
data to inform policy formulation (RO). Some crucial Technical Assistance is as for
strengthening SBM Implementation in schools which need to be checked for quality
assurance. The most important ways in providing technical assistance are through
classroom observation, learning action cell (LAC) sessions, and individual coaching. In
those three areas where teachers’ weakness is being strengthened and improve to
address the diverse needs of their learners (Magcanas, 2019).
Many governments furnish technical assistance to depressed urban or rural
localities or needy groups within their borders. For example, the United States provides
technical assistance for migrant workers, Indian reservations, run-down urban
neighbourhoods, and small farmers.
Successful principals understand that it is important to establish clear learning
goals and garner schoolwide—and even communitywide—commitment to these goals.
The development of a clear vision and goals for learning is emphasized by principals of
high-achieving schools (Leithwood & Riehl, 2003). They hold high expectations that
teachers and students will meet these goals and hold themselves accountable for the
success of the school. These principals provide emotional support for teachers and are
viewed as possessing the ability to foster positive interpersonal relationships. They

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2
protect instructional time by limiting loudspeaker announcements and scheduling
building maintenance to minimize disruptions. They ensure that student progress is
monitored through the continual aggregation and disaggregation of student
performance data that are directly related to the school's mission and goals. Principals
of high-achieving schools are confident that they will accomplish their vision and goals
despite challenges and setbacks and, thus, serve as role models for staff and students
(Cotton, 2003). And when milestone achievements are reached, those successful results
are celebrated.
In this study, the researcher aims to find out the level of effectiveness of
teaching strategies and technical assistance of school heads among elementary
teachers in the new normal. To do this, the researcher will carry out a modified-
standardized questionnaire and use the results as bases of what solutions to be
proposed or suggested.
Statement of the Problem
This study aims to determine the level of effectiveness of teaching strategies and
technical assistance of school heads in the new normal among elementary school
teachers of the District of Dueñas, Iloilo for the school year 2021-2022.
3
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Specifically, this study seeks to answer the following questions:
1. What is the profile of the teachers according to age, sex, civil status, highest
educational attainment, position, health status and length of service?
2. What is the level of effectiveness of teaching strategies of school heads among
elementary teachers in the new normal as an entire group and when they are
classified according to age, sex, civil status, highest educational attainment,
position, health status and length of service?
3. What is the level of effectiveness of technical assistance of school heads among
elementary teachers in the new normal as an entire group and when they are
4. Are there significant differences in the level of effectiveness of teaching strategies
when they are classified according to age, sex, civil status, highest attainment,
position, health status and length of services?
5. Are there significant differences in the level of effectiveness of technical assistance
of school heads among elementary teachers in the new normal when they are

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6. Is there a significant relationship between the level of effectiveness of teaching
strategies and technical assistance of school heads among elementary teachers?
Null Hypotheses 4
1. There are no significant differences in the level the level of effectiveness of
teaching strategies of school heads among elementary teachers in the new
normal when they are classified according to age, sex, civil status, highest
educational attainment, position, health status and length of service.
2. There are no significant differences in the level of effectiveness of technical
assistance of school heads among elementary teachers in the new normal when
they are classified according to age, sex, civil status, highest educational
attainment, position, health status and length of service.
3. There is no significant relationship between the level of effectiveness of teaching
strategies and technical assistance of school heads among elementary teachers
in the new normal.
Theoretical Framework
According to Niepes (2016), the formulation of Rationalization (RAT) Plan
by various government agencies was initiated by virtue of Executive Order No.
366. The implementation of RAT Plan has established the formation of eight (8)
functional divisions at DepEd Regional Office. One of the functional divisions

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instituted is the Field Technical Assistance Division (FTAD). The goal of FTAD is
to strengthen the school’s divisions in managing the respective schools leading to
the achievement of their performance outcomes with the end in view of
providing relevant, timely and appropriate technical assistance to school’s
divisions through the coordination of all the units in the Regional Office. FTAD
also provides enabling interventions and strategies to schools’ divisions to help
them achieve their goals and targets. Technical Assistance is any form of
professional help, guidance or support to be more effective in the performance
of their functions. It is an active process with steps to follow; makes use of tools,
via process consultation, requires specific skills and focuses on achieving set
goals. It is also a journey, reminding the client of their prime responsibility and
accountability as well respecting their capability and pace. The old concept of TA
is Supervising, Monitoring, Evaluating, Directing and Instructing. However, in the
new paradigm it is more on Coaching, Guiding and Empowering. Teaching the
subject matter was the focus of the conventional way in monitoring, but now, all
the aspects of Education Management, highlighting the Provision of Access,
Quality and Relevance as well as the Provision and Improvement of Management
Services are given importance. As accentuated in Republic Act 9155 which is the
Governance of Basic Education Act of 2001, “The State shall encourage local
initiatives for improving the quality of basic education.”

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Conceptual Framework
6
This study aims to determine the level of teaching strategies and technical
assistance of school heads in the new normal among elementary school teachers of the
District of Dueñas, Iloilo, Philippines for the school year 2021-2022.
The respondents of this study are the selected elementary school teachers in the
District of Dueñas.
The independent variables of this study are age, sex, civil status, highest
The dependent variables of this study are the effectiveness of teaching strategies
and technical assistance of school heads among elementary teachers in the new
normal.
In this study, the independent variables are chosen to determine how they would
impact the effectiveness of teaching strategies and technical assistance of school heads
among elementary teachers in the new normal.
Age refers to how young or old the respondents are.
In this study it is perceived that older teachers or senior teachers have more
experiences compared to younger teachers. However, younger teachers are more

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aggressive to think that they are newly graduated. They feel very confident compared
to old or senior teachers.
Sex refers to respondents’ category and it will be considered as male and
female.
It is observed that female teachers are more dedicated and meticulous compared
to men.
Civil status refers to respondents’ classification as to single or married.
Single or unmarried teachers are more productive compared to married teachers.
For they have less responsibilities at home unlike married teachers their attention and
responsibilities are divided both in school and at home.
Highest Educational Attainment refers to the degree of the respondents
such as: bachelor’s Degree, Master’s Degree Doctoral Degree.
It is also perceived that teachers who have the highest educational attainment
(such as master’s and doctoral degrees) for they are armed with knowledge and skills
can perform the job effectively compared to those teachers with low educational
attainment (like bachelor’s degree etc.).
Position refers to the respondents’ assignment.
Teachers who belong to the highest rank (such as teachers III and up) have
more knowledge and experiences in teaching since they have been exposed to
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seminars, upskills trainings, etc. compared to those teachers who belong in the lower
positions (like teachers I and II).
Health Status refers to the health condition of the respondents, categorized as
good or bad and will have the option to indicate health issues if any.
It has perceived that teachers whose health are in good condition, are more
productive and can perform the assigned task with ease compared to those teachers
who have health issues.
Length of Service refers to the tenurial of the respondents in the teaching
service.
Those teachers who have been in the teaching profession for so long (10 years
and up) are more proficient enough to handle and conduct teaching compared to those
teachers with less teaching experience especially newly hired (9 years below).
These independent variables are factors that could positively and negatively
affect the level of effectiveness of teaching strategies and technical assistance of school
heads among elementary teachers in the new normal.
The result of this study will be used as bases for policy, mandate
recommendations.
The interplay of the relationship of among variables are reflected in the paradigm
of the study shown in figure 1.

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Research Paradigm
9
Independent Variables Dependent Variables
1. Age
Young
Old
2. Sex Level of Effectiveness of
Male Teaching Strategies
Female
3. Civil Status
Single
Married
4. Highest Educational Attainment
Undergraduate
Graduate
5. Position
Teacher I
Teacher II and up
6. Health Status (pls. state health
issues if any)
Good Condition
Bad Condition
7. Length of Service
0-5 years
6 years and up Effectiveness of Technical
Assistance
Figure 1. Schematic Diagram showing the relationships of the variables of the

study.
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Significance of the study
The researcher believes that the results of the study will be beneficial to the
10
following:
DepEd. The department will strengthen the school’s divisions in managing the
respective schools leading to the achievement of their performance outcomes with the
end in view of providing relevant, timely and appropriate technical assistance to
school’s divisions through the coordination of all the units in the Regional Office.
School Heads. The school heads can find effective and most important ways on
how to extend technical assistance to teachers for either teaching competence for
professional growth and will strengthened skills in evidence-based policy and planning.
Teachers. This could provide teachers with opportunities to learn the specifics
of teaching well within their academic areas and effective technical assistance builds a
sense of professional confidence and pride that feeds effective teaching practice.
Learners. This could benefit them since effective teaching strategies and
technical assistance will help carry out classroom instruction smoothly. Given the
diversity of students entering classrooms, teachers need more tools and opportunities
to adapt curriculum and instructional strategies than before.

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Future Researchers. This study will give them some insights through the
findings of this research. Other researchers may use this study for reference or
replication.
Definition of Terms
In this study, the following terms are

11conceptually and operationally defined to
bring off veracity, limpidity in their use and understanding of the study.
Teaching strategies: also known as instructional strategies, are methods that
teachers use to deliver course material in ways that keep students engaged and
practicing different skill sets (Study.com, 2021).
In this study, teaching strategies refers to strategies employed to achieve
teaching and learning goals and support diverse teachers in the District of Dueñas.
Technical Assistance: is non-financial assistance provided by local or
international specialists. It can take the form of sharing information and expertise,
instruction, skills training, transmission of working knowledge, and consulting services
and may also involve the transfer of technical data (UNESCO, 2017).
In this study, technical assistance refers to the help and support of school heads
to teachers amidst the pandemic in the District of Dueñas.
School Heads: refers to the staff member of a school with the greatest
responsibility for the management of the school (Wikipedia, 2021).

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In this study, school head refers to the managing supervisors of the schools in
the District of Dueñas.
Scope and Limitations of the study
This study aims to determine the level of effectiveness of teaching strategies and
12
technical assistance of school heads among elementary teachers in the new normal of
the District of Dueñas, Iloilo, Philippines for the school year 2021-2022.
The respondents of this study are the selected elementary school teachers at
different schools in the District of Dueñas.
The independent variables of this study are age, sex, civil status, highest
The dependent variables of this study are the effectiveness of teaching strategies
and technical assistance of school heads among elementary teachers in the new
normal.
The descriptive method of research will be utilized in the study. The researcher
will use self-modified questionnaire and the data gathered will be analyzed and
interpreted using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software.
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The validity of the questionnaire will be determined by presenting it to the panel
of experts with the use of the eight-point criteria Good and Scates. The split-half
method will be used to determine the questionnaires’ reliability.
Slovin’s sampling formula and stratified random sampling method will be used to
sample population. The statistical tools to be used are frequency count, percentage
mean, standard deviation, t-test, One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and Pearson
Product Moment Correlation.
All data will statistically be analyzed using

13 Statistical Package for Social Science
(SPSS) software.
The results of the study will be limited only to the results of the data gathered in
the study.
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14

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Republic of the Philippines

State Universities and Colleges

EFFECTIVENESS OF TEACHING STRATEGIES AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE

A Research Proposal Presented

MAYCE JOY L. LAMPAR

This research proposal, entitled Effectiveness of Teaching Strategies

Technical Assistance of School Heads Among Elementary Teachers in the

TABLE OF CONTENTS iii

LIST OF DUMMY TABLES vi

LIS OF FIGURES vii

Background of the Study 1

Statement of the Problem 5

Significance of the Study 11

Scope and Limitations of the Study 13

2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Relevance of Related Literature and Studies

Respondents of the Study

Data Gathering Instrument

Validity of the Research Instrument

Reliability of the Research Instrument

Data Gathering Procedure

Data Analysis Procedure

Statistical Tools to be Used in the Study

Appendix “A”- Research Instrument

Appendix “B”- Letters

Appendix “C”- Eight-Point Criteria

Appendix “D”- Dummy Tables

Appendix “E’- Curriculum Vitae

1. Figure 1: Schematic Diagram showing the relationships of the variables of the 10

Background of the Study

Technical assistance is one of the key professional activities provided by the

education system” and shifted the focus of education management to School-Based

Technical assistance is deemed necessary to ensure effective programs

implementation and eventually achievement of higher or better learning outcomes. It

the organization and of the organization itself. Guiding Principles of Technical

on the organization’s needs. Learning is a cooperative and a collaborative process.

Technical Assistance is any form of professional help, guidance or support for

“others” to be more effective in the performance of their functions. Technical Assistance

strengthening SBM Implementation in schools which need to be checked for quality

address the diverse needs of their learners (Magcanas, 2019).

Many governments furnish technical assistance to depressed urban or rural

technical assistance for migrant workers, Indian reservations, run-down urban

neighbourhoods, and small farmers.

Successful principals understand that it is important to establish clear learning

goals and garner schoolwide—and even communitywide—commitment to these goals.

viewed as possessing the ability to foster positive interpersonal relationships. They

protect instructional time by limiting loudspeaker announcements and scheduling

building maintenance to minimize disruptions. They ensure that student progress is

monitored through the continual aggregation and disaggregation of student

teaching strategies and technical assistance of school heads among elementary

standardized questionnaire and use the results as bases of what solutions to be

Statement of the Problem

Specifically, this study seeks to answer the following questions:

educational attainment, position, health status and length of service?

2. What is the level of effectiveness of teaching strategies of school heads among

classified according to age, sex, civil status, highest educational attainment,

position, health status and length of service?

3. What is the level of effectiveness of technical assistance of school heads among

classified according to age, sex, civil status, highest educational attainment,

position, health status and length of service?

4. Are there significant differences in the level of effectiveness of teaching strategies

position, health status and length of services?

5. Are there significant differences in the level of effectiveness of technical assistance