LAPLACE TRANFORM

AMME_131529
3rd semester 2020-2021
Instructor: Dr. Vu Quang Huy
 Laplace Transform
Definitiand Notation
• The Laplace transform is an important tool for solving certain
kinds of initial value problems, particularly those involving
discontinuous forcing functions, as occur frequently in areas such
as electrical engineering.
• It is also used to solve boundary value problems involving partial
differential equations to analyze wave and diffusion phenomena.
• Laplace transform converts some initial value problems to algebra
• problems, leading us to attempt the following procedure:
Initial value problem=⇒algebra problem
⇒ solution of the algebra problem
⇒ solution of the initial value problem.

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 Thuật ngữ toán học
• Đa thức ( Polynomial)
• Hàm số ( Function)
• Phương trình (Equation)
• Đạo hàm (Derivative)
• Vi phân (Differentiation)
• Biến độc lập (Independent Variable)
• Biến phụ thuộc (Dependent variable)
• Bậc (order) của đa thức, hàm số và phương
trình
x + 4 x + 5x + 6
3 2

y = f ( x) = x + 4 x + 5 x + 6
3 2

x + 4 x + 5x + 6 = 0
3 2

f ( x)
= 3x 2 + 8 x + 5
x
dy f ( x)
= = 3x + 8 x + 5
2

dx x
f ( x, y ) = x + 4 x y + 5 x + 6 xy + 7
3 2

f ( x, y )
=
x
f ( x, y )
=
y
f ( x, y ) f ( x, y )
df ( x, y ) = dx + dy
x y
x3 + 4 x 2 + 5 x + 6
y = f ( x) = x 3 + 4 x 2 + 5 x + 6
x3 + 4 x 2 + 5 x + 6 = 0

f ( x)
= 3x 2 + 8 x + 5
x
dy f ( x)
= = 3x 2 + 8 x + 5
dx x

f ( x, y ) = x 3 + 4 x 2 y + 5 x + 6 xy + 7
f ( x)
=
x
f ( x)
=
y
f ( x, y ) f ( x, y )
df ( x, y ) = dx + dy
x y
 Laplace Transform

We will use lowercase letters for a function we put into the transform and the
corresponding uppercase letters for the transformed function.

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LAPLACE TRANSFORMS
Properties of Laplace
transforms

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 LAPLACE TRANSFORMS
Inverse Laplace transforms

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 Why it is important to understand: Inverse
Laplace transforms

• Laplace transforms and their inverses are a mathematical

technique which allows us to solve differential equations,
by primarily using algebraic methods. This simplification
in the solving of equations, coupled with the ability to
directly implement electrical components in their
transformed form, makes the use of Laplace transforms
widespread in both electrical engineering and control
systems engineering.

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• Laplace transforms have many further applications in
mathematics, physics, optics, signal processing, and
probability.
• This chapter specifically explains how the inverse
Laplace transformis determined, which can also involve
the use of partial fractions. In addition, poles and zeros of
transfer functions are briefly explained; these are of
importance in stability and control systems.

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• define the inverse Laplace transform
• use a standard list to determine the inverse Laplace
transforms of simple functions
• determine inverse Laplace transforms using partial
fractions
• define a pole and a zero
• determine poles and zeros for transfer functions, showing
them on a pole–zero diagram

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Inverse Laplace transforms of simple functions

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Inverse Laplace transforms of simple functions

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Inverse Laplace transforms of simple functions

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Inverse Laplace transforms of simple functions

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Inverse Laplace transforms of simple functions

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Inverse Laplace transforms of simple functions

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Inverse Laplace transforms of simple functions

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69.2 Inverse Laplace transforms of simple
functions

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Inverse Laplace transforms using partial
fractions

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Inverse Laplace transforms using partial
fractions

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Inverse Laplace transforms using partial
fractions

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Inverse Laplace transforms using partial
fractions

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Inverse Laplace transforms using partial
fractions

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 LAPLACE TRANSFORMS
The Laplace transform of the
Heaviside function

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 Why it is important to understand: The Laplace
transform of the Heaviside function
• The Heaviside unit step function is used in the
mathematics of control theory and signal processing to
represent a signal that switches on at a specified time
and stays switched on indefinitely. It is also used in
structural mechanics to describe different types of
structural loads.
• The Heaviside function has applications in engineering
where periodic functions are represented. In many
physical situations things change suddenly; brakes are
applied, a switch is thrown, collisions occur. The
Heaviside unit function is very useful for representing
sudden change.

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• define the Heaviside unit step function

• use a standard list to determine the Laplace transform

of H(t −c)

• use a standard list to determine the Laplace transform

of H(t −c) ・ f (t −c)

• determine the inverse transforms of Heaviside

functions

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 Laplace Transform

Heaviside function shifted a units to the right

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 A pulse H(t −a)− H(t −b). (H(t − π/2) − H(t − 2π))sin(t)

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Heaviside unit step function

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Heaviside unit step function

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Heaviside unit step function

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Heaviside unit step function

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Heaviside unit step function

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Heaviside unit step function

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Heaviside unit step function

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Laplace transform of H(t−c)

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Laplace transform of H(t−c) · f(t−c)

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Laplace transform of H(t−c) · f(t−c)

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Laplace transform of H(t−c) · f(t−c)

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Laplace transform of H(t−c) · f(t−c)

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Laplace transform of H(t−c) · f(t−c)

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Inverse Laplace transforms of Heaviside
functions

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Inverse Laplace transforms of Heaviside
functions

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Inverse Laplace transforms of Heaviside
functions

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Inverse Laplace transforms of Heaviside
functions

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Inverse Laplace transforms of Heaviside
functions

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