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ROOM & PILLAR
MINING
 Introduction…
 Drift mining
 Shaft mining
 Borehole mining
 Drift and Fill mining
 Long Hole Stope mining
 Sublevel Caving
 Block Caving
 Shrinkage Stope mining
 Room and pillar
 Longwall mining
 Retreat mining
Room and pillar
 General review

• Usually used for thin and flat –lying..

• Formation of pillars
• Connect room and opening with crosscut
• Used for coal, copper, potash etc.
Of two types: 1)conventional
2)continuous
 Conventional room & pillar
• Constitutes a fixed cyclic operations.
• Mechanized equipments like LHD+CHAIN
CONVEYOR .
• SDL+CHAIN CONVEYOR.
• Requires at least 5 working faces for smooth
working/ 8- 12 for efficient.
• Used for hard seams, with hard partings, gassy
conditions and variable seam height.
 Continuous mining..
• All operations are eliminated using single high
performance machine.
• High efficiency 4-6 working faces.
• Superior in noncyclic system and advn. In thin
seams.
• Bad roof and lesser no. of workings prefers
this system.
 suitability
• Ore strength: weak to moderate
• Rock strength: moderate to strong
• Deposit shape : tabular
• Deposit dip: low(<15 degree)
• Deposit size : large aerial extent
• Ore grade: moderate
• Ore uniformity : fairly uniform
• Depth: (<450 m for coal,<600 m for noncoal)
 Design of mine
• Height of opening=thickness of bed;ideally
• Width of opening=maximun(6m roofbolts,9m for
powered support)
• Spacing of openings = ventilation & stress pattern
• Pillar width=3* mine opening;
• Production panels=on both sides
• Panel length=600-1200 m;
• Room length=90-120 m;
 Cycle of operations

• Conventional mining:
• Cycle=cut+drill+blast+load+haul.

• Continuous mining :
• Cycle=mine+haul.
 Extraction methods
• Pocket & wings
• Open-ending
• Stabbing
• Pocket & slump
• splitting
 Auxillary operations
• Health & safety
• Environmental control
• Ground control
• Power supply distribution
• Water and flood control
• Clean up and waste disposal
• Material supply
• Maintenance & repair
• Communications
• Construction
• Personal transport
• ventilation
 advantages
• Moderately high productivity
• Moderate mining cost
• Mod. High production rate
• Fair to good recovery with pillar extraction
• Can be totally mechanised
• Concentrated operations
• Good ventilation with multiple openings
 disadvantage
• Caving and subsidence occur regularly
• Poor recovery (40-60%) without pillar
extraction
• Stress conditions and supports increases with
depth
• Fairly high capital investment
• Extensive development required
• Potential health and safety hazard
underground