02238020/CAPE/KMS 2019

C A R I B B E A N E X A M I N A T I O N S C O U N C I L

CARIBBEAN ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATIONS ®

PHYSICS

UNIT 2 – PAPER 02

KEY AND MARK SCHEME

MAY/JUNE 2019
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Question 1.

Specific Objectives: 1.2, 1.3, 3.2, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8
KC UK XS

(a) (i) Volt: - The unit of potential difference 1 mark

2
The potential difference (p.d) when energy of 1 joule
is required to transfer 1 coulomb of charge between two
points 1 mark.

OR V = EQ-1 OR V = AΩ OR V = QC -1 OR V = PI-1

(Correct worded explanation to be treated as equivalent

to equation and either is acceptable for second mark.)

(ii) Coulomb: - the basic unit of electric charge 1 mark.

3
It is equal to the amount of charge transported by a
constant current of one Ampere in one second 1 mark.
OR
any other worded or equation definition of the coulomb

One Coulomb = 6.24 × 1018 elementary charges 1 mark.

OR Q = ne where e = 1.602 x 10-19 Coulombs

(b) F = force between the two charges in N

Q1 & Q2 = two point charges in C 5
r = distance between the two charges in m
ε0 = permittivity of free space in Fm-1

Definitions of symbols 2 marks

SI Units 3 marks

(-1 for any incorrect or missing)

-6 -6
100  10  5  10
(c) F = 9 × 109 -3 2
= 500 × 103N = 500 kN 4
(3  10 )

100 106  5 106

OR F
4    8.85 1012  (3 103 ) 2

Substitution (1 mark)
conversion (1 mark)
correct answer (1 mark)
unit (1 mark)
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Question 1. (continued)

KC UK XS
(d) (i) E = QV 1 mark
3
eV = 1.6 × 10-19 × 3 Joules 1 mark
= 4.8 × 10-19 J 1 mark
Formula (1)
Substitution (1)
Answer (1)

(ii) 1
KE = mv2 1 mark 3
2
1
4.8 × 1019 = × 9.11 × 1031 × V2 1 mark
2
-19
2 × 4.8 × 10
V2 = -31
SOI
9.11 × 10
V = 1.03 × 106 ms1 1 mark

NB ECF Energy value from (d)(i)

(iii) E VQ
F = = 1 mark
Q d
5
3 ×1.6 ×10−19
= 1 mark
3 ×10−3
= 1.6 x 10-16 N 1 mark
𝐹
𝑎 = 1 mark
𝑚

1.6 × 10−16
=
9.11 × 10−31
= 1.8 x 1014 ms-2 1 mark

OR Acceleration = Force/mass 1 mark

𝐕𝐐
= 2 marks
𝐝 𝐦𝐞

𝟑 ×𝟏.𝟔 ×𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟗
= 1 mark
𝟑 ×𝟏𝟎−𝟑 ×𝟗.𝟏𝟏 ×𝟏𝟎−𝟑𝟏
= 1.8 × 1014 ms-2 1 mark
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OR use of equation of motion

v2 = u2 + 2as 2 marks
02 = (1.03x106)2 + 2 x a x 3x10-3 1 mark

(1.03 106 ) 2
a 1 mark
2  3 103
a = 1.77 x 1014 ms-2 1 mark

NB If this method is used the ecf velocity value

from d(ii)

(e) (i) Criteria for tangent - touches only one point on the
curve (1 mark) parallel to curve at touching point 3
(1 mark).

Angle of ejection = 30 o 1 mark

(no tolerance if calculation)

If read off using protractor accept range 26 o to 31o

(ii) Maximum height = 1.25 mm or 1.3 mm 1 mark 1

(iii) Parallel distance = 7 mm 1 mark 1

Total 30 marks 10 15 5
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Question 2.

Specific Objectives: 3.1, (Unit 1 Module 1: 1.6, 1.7)

KC UK XS

(a) A resistor (usually made from a semiconductor material) 1 mark 3

OR an input transducer (usually made from a light/photo
sensitive material)
whose resistance decreases when light intensity increases
2 marks
If statement of changing/varying resistance with light
intensity without directly stating the relationship then only
1 mark awarded

(b)

Wheatstone Bridge
At balance Vx = Vy 1 mark recognizing balance condition
R1 RL
i.e. × VB = × VB 1 mark expressing balance
R1 + R2 RL + R3
R1(RL + R3) = RL(R1 + R2) 1 mark
R1 R3 = RL R2 1 mark manipulation
R1
RL = R3 1 mark make RL subject of formula
R2
OR candidates can also use ratio of resistors
R3 R2
 2 marks
RL R1
R
R3  2  RL 1 mark
R1
R1
RL = R3 1 mark make RL subject of formula
R2
N.B. Only ratios in the vertical branches acceptable.
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Question 2. (continued)
KC UK XS
(c) (i) Recognising -b is the slope of the graph 1 mark
5  0
Slope of graph = b = = 1
0  5
Read off 1 mark
Substitution and calculation 1 mark
NB check graph to confirm read-off vs substitution 3 4
Recognising log10 R0 as y-intercept 1 mark
5 = log10 R0 1 mark
Substitution and calculation 1 mark
R0 = 105 Ω 1 mark

(ii) From the given equation by taking antilogs we obtain: 1

RL = R0 I-b 1 mark
𝑅0
OR 𝑅𝐿 =
𝐼𝑏
NB If numbers (i.e values calculated for b and Ro in
105
part (c)(i) e.g. wnen b = 1 and Ro = 105 ; 𝑅𝐿 =
𝐼
)are substituted in the equation then the mark is
awarded.
(iii) Substituting the given values Rdark = 105/0.01 = 107 Ω 1
1 mark
(iv) When I = 0.01 lux, log10 I = -2 1 mark

2 1
Read-off yields log10 RL = 7.0 1 mark

RL = Rdark = 107 Ω 1 mark

NB check graph to confirm extrapolation/RL
(d) 2.2×103
𝑅𝐿 = × 3350 1 mark
4.7×103

RL = 1568 Ω 1 mark 4
Rearranging Ib = R0/RL
= 105/1568 1 mark
= 63.8 lux 1 mark
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Accept I in the range 63 - 64 lux

Question 2. (continued)
KC UK XS

(e) In a Wheatstone bridge, current flows through LDR all times

1 mark
OR A large voltage will cause a large current to flow
through the LDR 4

Heating effect of this current could change the resistance of

the LDR 1 mark

OR Energy is lost as heat due to the large current which can

damage the LDR

leading to erroneous measurements of light intensity 1 mark.

OR and makes the readings less accurate

Therefore it is desirable to keep this current as small as

possible by using the smallest value of VB that will allow
accurate measurements 1 mark.

(f) Examples of practical application of LDR: streetlights; alarm

circuits, alarm clock, light intensity meters; security
lights
2
1 mark for any ONE example

Night light actuator----An LDR senses the ambient light

intensity and switches the night light on when it falls below
a predetermined value
or any statement that shows that the LDR will trigger a
change in state (on/off) of the device when the intensity of
light reaches a threshold value (day/night)

1 mark for description

Total 30 marks 10 15 5
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Question 3.

Specific Objectives: 1.2, 1.8, 1.9, 1.10

KC UK XS

(a)

10

3 marks for well labelled diagram

6 -8 features labelled 3 marks

(accept anode cooling and lead shield as features)
4 -5 features labelled 2 marks
3 features labelled 1 mark
< 3 features labelled 0 marks

Electrons are released from the tungsten filament as it heats

up due to the current passing through it (thermionic
emission) 1 mark

The emitted electrons are accelerated under the electric

field 1 mark

The electrons hit the target material with maximum kinetic

energy 1 mark

The electrons are rapidly decelerated and xrays are produced

based on the amount of kinetic energy lost (bremsstrahlung or
continuous). 1 mark

Sometimes with the collision, there is excitation of an

electron out of an inner shell. 1 mark

An outer electron drops to fill the vacancy. 1 mark

Xrays are produced that are characteristic of the target

material and the energy levels within the atom.( line
spectra) 1 mark
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Question 3. (continued)
(b) (i)
KC UK XS

Scale (1)
4
Labelled axes (1)

Correct plots (1)

Smooth curve (1)

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KC UK XS
(ii) 95% reduction means I/I0 = 0.05
1 1
Corresponding read-off from graph = 7.6 cm 2 marks
Award marks for correct read off value

NB the calculation of the ratio of I to I0 is not

necessary to be awarded the marks
(iii) I/I0 = e-μx 1 mark formula
0.05 = e-μ(7.6) 1 mark substitution
ln (0.05) = 7.6 µ 1 mark
5
3 = 7.6 µ
µlead = 0.395 cm-1 1 mark
= 39.5 m-1 1 mark conversion

OR 0.05 = e-μ(0.076) 2 marks subst. & conv.

ln (0.05) = 0.076 µ 1 mark
3 = 0.076 µ
µlead = 39.5 m-1 1 mark

(ecf their read off value from the part b (ii))

(c) exp (µY TY) = exp (µlead Tlead) 1 mark
 µY TY = µlead Tlead 1 mark
Since μY = 0.25 μlead 3

0.25 μlead TY = µlead Tlead

μlead Tlead
TY =
0.25 μlead
TY = 4 Tlead 1 mark

Equating two values 1 mark

Equating exponents 1 mark
Final answer 1 mark
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(d) E = hf and f = c/λ 2 marks

λ = h c / E 1 mark
6
6.63 ×10−34 ×3.0×108
Substituting λ = 1 mark substitution
100000 ×1.6×10−19
1 mark conversion
= 12.4 × 10-11 m 1 mark

Total 30 marks 10 15 5