Project in

Linear Algebra
(MATH149)

Problems Involving Matrices and Calculating Using Matlab

Submitted by:

Ayson, Michael Jherriecho Christiane V.

Bautista, Azriell V.

Capin, June Lorenz E.

Del Villar, Kyle Reifel M.

MATH149 – E07

Prof. Teodoro

May 2019
 1 2 3 4
1. Given A=
0
[ 3 1 5
−1 −3 4 −2
4 5 1 3
]
. Find

a. det(A)

b. AT

c. A-1
2. Find the solution.

1 0 3 x1 1
a.
[ ][ ] [ ]
2 1 5 x2 = 2
1 3 4 x3 3
 1 0 3 x1 0
b.
[ ][ ] [ ]
2 1 5 x2
1 3 4 x3
= 0
0

3. An economy is composed of 3 sectors — namely agriculture, manufacturing, and service.

The input-output matrix of the economy is given by:

A 0.2 0.3 0.2

[
A= M 0.1 0.4 0.4
S 0.2 0.1 0.1 ]
If an external demand of 1700 units of agriculture, 2000 units of manufacturing, and 500
units of service is needed, how many units of each must the sectors produce?
SOLUTION:
To meet the external demand, one must find the solution to the following system:
x− Ax=D
(1− A) x=D
Where A is the consumption matrix, x is the production matrix, and D is the Demand
Matrix.
To solve using MATLAB, one must define first the needed matrices.
Step 1: Define Matrix A, Matrix I3, and D
Syntax:

Output:

Step 2: Define C = (1-A)

Syntax:

Output:

Step 3: Solve for the system Cx = D

Syntax:
 Output:

Final Answer: The agriculture sector must produce 4798.8 units, the manufacturing
sector must produce 5631.6 units, while the service sector must produce 2247.7 units to
meet external demand.
4. Find the least degree polynomial P(x) with the set of points S as solutions.
S= { (−2 ,3 ) , (−1 ,5 ) , ( 0,1 ) , ( 1, 4 ) , ( 2,10 ) }
SOLUTION:
Since we have 5 points to consider, we then consider a polynomial P(x) with a degree of
4.
P ( x ) =a1 x 4 +a2 x3 + a3 x 2 +a 4 x +a 5
At (-2,3):16 a1 −8 a2 + 4 a3−2 a 4 +a5 =3 eqn. 1
At (-1,5):a 1−a2 + a3 +−a 4 +a 5=5 eqn. 2
At (0,1):a 5=0 eqn. 3
At (1,4):a 1+ a2 + a3+ a4 + a5=4 eqn. 4
At (2,10):16 a1 +8 a 2 + 4 a3 ++2 a 4 +a5=3 eqn. 5
Using a graphical utility, we can then solve for the system:
Ax=b
Where A is the coefficient matrix, x is the solution matrix, and b is the constant matrix.
Step 1: Define Matrix A and b

Syntax:

Output:
 Step 2: Solve for the system Ax = b
Syntax:

Output:

Final Answer: The least degree polynomial containing such points in S is:
P ( x ) =−1.25 x 4 +0.1 6́ x 3 +5.75 x 2−0. 6́ x

5. Find a cubic polynomial whose graph passes through the points

(1, 4), (2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 5)
THEOREM (Polynomial Interpolation):
Given any n points in the xy-plane that have distinct x-coordinates, there is a
unique polynomial of degree n – 1 or less whose graph passes through those points,
where it follows that the coordinates of the points must satisfy

From this point of view the augmented matrix for the system is
and hence the interpolating polynomial can be found by reducing this matrix to reduced
row echelon form.
SOLUTION:
Since four points were given, we will use an interpolating polynomial of degree n = 3.
Let us denote the x and y coordinates of the given points by:
x1 = 1, x2 = 2, x3 = 3, x4 = 4, y1 = 4, y2 = 3, y3 = 4, y4 = 5
and denote this polynomial by
p(x) = a0 + a1x + a2x2 + a3x3
It follows that the augmented matrix for the linear system in the unknowns is

1 x1 x 12 ⋯ x 1n−1 y1

[ 1
1
⋮
1
x2
x3
⋮
xn
x 22
x 32
⋮
x n2
⋯
⋯
∎
⋯
x 2n−1
x 3n−1
⋮
x nn−1
⋮][
y2

yn
1 1 1 1
1 2 4 8
y 3 = 1 3 9 27
1 4 16 64

Utilizing MATLAB, we then let A be equal to this augmented matrix

4
3
4
5
]

Reducing to reduced row echelon form, we get

 from which it follows that a0 = 9, a1x = -23/3, a2x2 = 3, a3x3 = -1/3. Thus, the interpolating
polynomial is:
23 1
p ( x ) =9− x+3 x 2− x 3
3 3
The graph of this polynomial and the given points are as shown

6. Solve the individual currents:

7. Find how much production should be made when the demand for manufacturing is 50,
agriculture is 30, and services is 20.

Inputs Consumed per Unit of Output

Purchased from: Manufacturing Agriculture Services
Manufacturing .50 .40 .20
Agriculture .20 .30 .10
Services .10 .10 .30
8. Balance the chemical equation below.

SOLUTION:
9. Find the number of vehicles flowing through each of the four roads that meet at
intersections A, B, C, and D.
 SOLUTION:
Equating the number of vehicles per intersection:
A : x 1 + x 4 =200+100
B: x 1 + x2 =150+100
C : x 2 + x 3=50+ 50
D : x3 + x 4 =100+5 0

From the solution, there is no solution for the given traffic flow.

10. Find the number of vehicles flowing through each of the four roads.
SOLUTION:
Equating the number of vehicles per intersection:
x 1−x 2=4 00−100
x 1−x 4 =2 0 0−3 00
x 2−x 3=4 0 0−3 0 0
x 3−x 4 =2 5 0−7 5 0

From the solution, there is no solution for the given traffic flow.