You are on page 1of 29

L44L? }i?U) @?_ LLh_?@|L?

G
Bi?ih@* AiLh) @?_ TT*U@|L? |L A@ L*U)
M)
?@t # |c h?Ui|L? N?iht|)
Bi?i  BhLtt4@?c h?Ui|L? N?iht|)
@?_
,*@?@? Oi*T4@?c Ai*  N?iht|) @?_ W+
#iUi4Mih ec bbb

Devwudfw
Zh ghyhors d prgho ri frpprq djhqf| zlwk frpsohwh lqirupdwlrq dqg jhqhudo suhi0
huhqfhv zlwk qrq0wudqvihudeoh xwlolw|/ dqg suryh wkdw wkh sulqflsdov* Qdvk htxloleulxp
lq wuxwkixo vwudwhjlhv lpsohphqwv dq hflhqw dfwlrq1 Zh dsso| wklv wkhru| wr frqvwuxfw
d srvlwlyh prgho ri sxeolf qdqfh/ zkhuh rujdql}hg vshfldo lqwhuhvwv fdq oree| wkh jry0
huqphqw iru frqvxphu dqg surgxfhu wd{hv ru vxevlglhv dqg wdujhwhg oxps0vxp wd{hv
ru wudqvihuv1 Wkh oreelhv xvh rqo| wkh qrq0glvwruwlqj wudqvihuv lq wkhlu qrq0frrshudwlyh
htxloleulxp/ exw wkhlu lqwhu0jurxs frpshwlwlwlrq iru wudqvihuv wxuqv lqwr d sulvrqhuv*
glohppd lq zklfk wkh jryhuqphqw fdswxuhv doo wkh jdlq wkdw lv srwhqwldoo| dydlodeoh
wr wkh sduwlhv1 Wkhuhiruh zh vxjjhvw wkdw suhvvxuh jurxsv fdsdeoh ri vxvwdlqlqj dq h{
dqwh djuhhphqw zloo pdnh d frpplwphqw wr irujr gluhfw wudqvihuv dqg wr frqqh wkhlu
oree|lqj wr glvwruwlqj wd{hv dqg vxevlglhv1

Dgguhvvhv ri dxwkruv=
Dylqdvk Gl{lw/ Ghsduwphqw ri Hfrqrplfv/ Sulqfhwrq Xqlyhuvlw|/ Sulqfhwrq/ QM
3;877/ XVD1 H0pdlo= gl{lwdnCsulqfhwrq1hgx
Jhqh P1 Jurvvpdq/ Zrrgurz Zlovrq Vfkrro/ Sulqfhwrq Xqlyhuvlw|/ Sulqfhwrq/ QM
3;877/ XVD1 H0pdlo= jurvvpdqCzzv1sulqfhwrq1hgx
Hokdqdq Khospdq/ Hlwdq Ehujodv Vfkrro ri Hfrqrplfv/ Who Dyly Xqlyhuvlw|/ Who
Dyly 9<<:;/ Lvudho1 H0pdlo= khospdqChfrq1wdx1df1lo

 Zh wkdqn wkh Qdwlrqdo Vflhqfh Irxqgdwlrq dqg wkh Lvudho0XV Elqdwlrqdo Vflhqfh Irxqgdwlrq iru qdqfldo
vxssruw1


 W?|hL_U|L?
L44L? @}i?U) t |i ?@4i }i? |L @ 4*|*@|ih@* hi*@|L?tT ihi tiih@* Th?UT@*t t
4*|@?iLt*) |h) |L ?i?Ui |i @U|L?t Lu @? @}i?| 5U t|@|L?t LUUh ih) uhi^i?|*)c
T@h|U*@h*) ? |i TL*|U@* ThLUittit |@| }i?ih@|i iUL?L4U TL*U) 6Lh i @4T*ic *i}t
*@|hit hitTL?_ |L 4@?) _ihti Thitthitc ?U*_?} |Lti uhL4 L|ihtc UL?|hM|Lhtc @?_
T@h|) LU@*t _4?t|h@|i @}i?Uit @hi uLh4@**) hitTL?tM*i |L i|ih |i *i}t*@|i Lh
|i i iU|i Mh@?Uitc M| @hi ? Th@U|Ui ?i?Ui_ M) |i ULh|tc |i 4i_@c @?_ @hLt
?|ihit| @?_ @_LU@U) }hLTt W? |i ,hLTi@? N?L?c tiih@* tLihi}? }Lih?4i?|t _i@*
| @ UL44L? TL*U)4@!?} @TT@h@|t ? htti*t W? |i N?|i_ 5|@|itc }hL?} _iUi?
|h@*3@|L? Lu iUL?L4U TLih |L |i t|@|it @?_ *LU@*|it 4@) }i }Lih?4i?|t @| |iti
*ii*t tL4i|?} Lu |i t|@?_?} Lu Th?UT@*t ? hi*@|L? |L |i ui_ih@* }Lih?4i?|
W?uLh4@|L? @t)44i|hit U@? Mi 4TLh|@?| ? @ UL44L? @}i?U) t| @t ? @? @}i?U)
| @ t?}*i Th?UT@* OLiihc ii? | UL4T*i|i ?uLh4@|L?c |i i t|i?Ui Lu 4*|T*i
Th?UT@*t ?|hL_Uit |i ?i ttit Lu i|ih |i) U@? @Uii @? L|UL4i |@| t iUi?|
uLh |i }hLT Lu T*@)iht E|i Th?UT@*t @?_ |i @}i?| |L}i|ihc @?_ Lu L |i @@*@M*i
iUL?L4U thT*t }i|t _t|hM|i_ @4L?} T*@)iht ih?i4 @?_ `?t|L? EbHS tL |@|
|i ?L?ULLTih@|i }@4i @4L?} |i Th?UT@*t _Lit @i @? iUi?| i^*Mh4 Aih
4L_i* @t uL?_ 4@?) @TT*U@|L?tc ?U*_?} 4L_i*t Lu *LMM)?} uLh |@hgt EBhLtt4@? @?_
Oi*T4@?c bbe @?_ uLh UL?t4ih @?_ ThL_Uih |@ it @?_ tMt_it E# |c bbD
OLiihc |i ih?i4`?t|L? 4L_i* @tt4it ^@t*?i@h Thiuihi?Uitc tL 4L?i|@h)
|h@?tuiht @hi i^@*i?| |L |h@?tuih@M*i |*|) @4L?} |i Th?UT@*t @?_ |ih UL44L? @}i?|
At *4|t |i @TT*U@|L?t Lu |ih 4L_i* ? |L @)t 6ht|c |i @}i?|<t @U|L?t MiUL4i
?_iTi?_i?| Lu |i _t|hM|L? Lu T@)Lgt @4L?} |i T*@)iht W? TL*|U@* ti||?}tc |t 4i@?t
|@| |i TL*U)ti||?} @|Lh|) U@??L| U@hi @ML| ?UL4i _t|hM|L? Tih ti 5iUL?_c t?Ui
|h@?tuiht Mi|ii? T*@)iht _L ?L| @i _4?t?} 4@h}?@* T@)Lgtc i^*Mh@ 4@) ?L| i t|c
Lh 4@) i t| M| @i ?hi@*t|U@**) *@h}i |h@?tuiht @?_ i |hi4i _t|hM|L?@* 4T*U@|L?t
# | EbbD _tUttit |t ui@|hi Lu |i 4L_i* ? |i UL?|i | Lu |@ TL*U)
W? 4Lt| iUL?L4U @TT*U@|L?tc 4L?i) t |h@?tuih@M*ic M| |i T*@)iht< T@)Lgt @hi ?L|
*?i@h ? 4L?i) W? |t T@Tih i }i?ih@*3i |i |iLh) Lu UL44L? @}i?U) |L @?_*i tU
t|@|L?t `i |ihiM) LTi }hi@|*) |L i?*@h}i |i tULTi Lu @TT*U@M*|) Lu |i |iLh)
4 Qrwh wkh sdudooho zlwk wkh Frdvh wkhruhp/ zkhuh xqghu txdvl0olqhdu xwlolw| +qr lqfrph hhfwv rq wkh
dfwlylwlhv lq txhvwlrq,/ uhvrxufh doorfdwlrq lv lqghshqghqw ri glvwulexwlrq1

2
`i? |*|) t ?L| _hiU|*) |h@?tuih@M*i @UhLtt T*@)ihtc iUi?U) Lu i^*Mh4 t ?L|
44i_@|i*) LMLt @?_ ?ii_t U@hiu* @?_ h}LhLt ThLLu `i |ihiuLhi Mi}? M) tL?}
|@| |i @}i?|<t @U|L?t ? i^*Mh4 t|** @Uii iUi?U) uLh |i }hLT Lu T*@)iht EAiL
hi4 2 u ULhtic |i @U|L?t @hi ?L *L?}ih ?_iTi?_i?| Lu |i _t|hM|L? Lu T@)Lgt @4L?}
|i Th?UT@*t ELh Mi|ii? |i Th?UT@*t @?_ |i @}i?|c @?_ ? i^*Mh4 |i |L ti|t Lu
4@}?|_it 4t| Mi _i|ih4?i_ t4*|@?iLt*)2
`i |i? UL?t_ih @ TL*|U@* ThLUitt Lu iUL?L4U TL*U)4@!?} ? |i UL44L? @}i?U)
uh@4iLh!  tMti| Lu @** ?__@*t @hi @**Li_ |L *LMM) |i }Lih?4i?|c @?_ ThL4ti
UL?|hM|L?t ? hi|h? uLh TL*U) ULUit Ai }Lih?4i?| U@hit uLh tLU@* i*u@hi _i€?i_
Lih |i |*|it Lu @** ?__@*t E*LMM)?} Lh ?L| @?_ uLh |t hiUiT|t uhL4 |i *LMM)t|t
Ai iUi?U) |iLhi4 |i? t@)t |@| |i }Lih?4i?| tit |i @@*@M*i ?t|h4i?|t ? @
@hi|L iUi?| 4@??ih
`i _ii*LT |t ? }hi@|ih _i|@* ? @ TLt|i 4L_i* Lu |i uLh4@|L? Lu |@ TL*U) |@|
t hU i?L} |L MiUL4i @ UL?|ihT@h| |L |i u@4*@h ?Lh4@|i 4L_i* Lu #@4L?_ @?_
hh*iit Eb. Ai TL*U) ?t|h4i?|t @hi UL44L_|) |@ Lh tMt_) TL*Uit @?_ ?__
@*3i_ *4Tt4 |h@?tuihtc @?_ |i TL*|U@* ThLUitt t Lu |i uLh4 Lu *LMM)?} _itUhMi_
@MLi `i tL L |i t|hU| UL?U@|) Lu |*|it ? 4L?i) ?UL4it 4@!it _i|ih4?@|i
|i *ii*t Lu |h@?tuiht ? |i TL*|U@* i^*Mh4
Oihi |i iUi?U) hit*| 4T*it |@| L?*) |i ?L?_t|Lh|?} *4Tt4 |h@?tuiht @hi ti_
? |i TL*|U@* i^*Mh4c ?L| UL?t4T|L? Lh ThL_U|L? |@ it Lh tMt_it OLiihc
|t tL*_ ?L| Mi ?|ihThi|i_ @t @ }i?ih@* ThLLu Lu iUi?U) Lu TL*|Ut Ai }@4i Lu
*LMM)?} uLh |h@?tuiht |h?t ?|L @ ThtL?iht< _*i44@ uLh |i *LMM)t|t W?_ii_c ?_ih 4*_
@__|L?@* @tt4T|L?tc i €?_ |@| |i }Lih?4i?| U@T|hit @** |i }@?t |@| i t| ? |i
UL44L? @}i?U) hi*@|L?tT At t}}it|t |@| u |i *LMM)t|t UL*_ UL44| i @?|i |L @
RUL?t|||L? uLh *LMM)?}c |i) L*_ @** @}hii ?L| |L *LMM) uLh *4Tt4 |h@?tuiht At
LTi?t |i @) uLh |i ti Lu iUL?L4U@**) ?uihLh ?t|h4i?|t tU @t ThL_U|L? tMt_itc
5 Wkh sdudooho zlwk wkh Frdvh Wkhruhp ru wkh fruh zlwk qrq0wudqvihudeoh xwlolw| vkrxog djdlq eh dssduhqw1
Krzhyhu/ zh vkrxog vwuhvv wkdw rxuv lv dq htxloleulxp ri d qrq0frrshudwlyh jdph/ qrw d frrshudwlyh vroxwlrq
frqfhsw1
6 Jurvvpdq dqg Khospdq +4<<7, irxqg d vlplodu whqghqf| iru wkh oreelhv* jdlqv wr eh orvw zkhq wdulv zhuh
uhsodfhg dv lqvwuxphqwv e| wkh hfrqrplfdoo| pruh hflhqw surgxfwlrq vxevlglhv> wklv uhvxow zlwk oxps0vxp
wudqvihuv lv hyhq pruh gudpdwlf dqg h{wuhph1


| @? @||i?_@?| L*@|L? Lu ThL_U|L? iUi?U) ? |i TL*|U@* i^*Mh4c UL?|h@h) |L
@? 4TLh|@?| }i?ih@* ui@|hi Lu |i ?Lh4@|i LT|44 E#@4L?_ @?_ hh*iitc b.

2 Bi?ih@* AiLh)
L?t_ih |i uL**L?} ThLM*i4 Aihi t @ ti| u Lu Th?UT@*t 6Lh i@U  5 uc Th?UT@* 
@t UL?|?Lt Thiuihi?Uit ` E@c S c ihi |i iU|Lh @ _i?L|it |i @}i?|<t @U|L? @?_ |i
tU@*@h S _i?L|it Th?UT@* <t T@)4i?| |L |i @}i?| ,@U Th?UT@*<t Thiuihi?Ui u?U|L?
t _iU*??} ? t T@)4i?| |L |i @}i?| Ai @}i?|<t UL?|?Lt Thiuihi?Ui u?U|L? t
CE@c Uc ihi U t |i u_4i?tL?@* iU|Lh Lu |i Th?UT@*t< T@)4i?|t Ai u?U|L? C t
?Uhi@t?} ? i@U UL4TL?i?| Lu U Atc uLh @?) }i? @U|L?c i@U Th?UT@* _t*!it 4@!?}
UL?|hM|L?t @?_ |i @}i?| *!it hiUi?} |i4( |ih Thiuihi?Uit | hi}@h_ |L @U|L?t @hi
?L| hit|hU|i_ ? }i?ih@*c M| i ** T*@Ui tL4i tTiU€U hit|hU|L?t uLh T@h|U*@h hit*|t
Mi*L `i hiuih |L |i @*it Lu |i u?U|L?t ` E@c S  @?_ CE@c U @t |i |*|) *ii*t Lu
|i Th?UT@*t @?_ |i @}i?| hitTiU|i*)
h?UT@*  U@? ULLti @ T@)4i?| u?U|L?  E@ uhL4 @ ti| F @?_ |i @}i?| U@? ULLti @
uhL4 @ ti| D Ai ti|t F @?_ D _itUhMi ui@tM*|) @?_ ?t|||L?@* UL?t|h@?|t 6Lh i @4
T*ic uhL4 ui@tM*|) UL?t_ih@|L?t F 4@) UL?tt| L?*) Lu u?U|L?t |@| ThL_i Th?UT@* 
| @ ?L??i}@|i ?UL4i h | 4@) UL?tt| L?*) Lu ?L??i}@|i u?U|L?tc 4T*)?} |@|
|i Th?UT@* U@? T@) |i @}i?| M| ?L| |i hiihti At L*_ _itUhMi @? ?t|||L?@*
UL?t|h@?| ?_ | 4@) UL?|@? L?*) u?U|L?t | @? TTih ML?_ L? T@)4i?|tc |ihiM)
_itUhM?} @?L|ih ?t|||L?@* UL?t|h@?| 54*@h*)c D 4@) _itUhMi ?t|||L?@* Lh ui@
tM*|) UL?t|h@?|t L? |i @U|L?t Lu |i @}i?| Wuc uLh i @4T*ic @? i*i4i?| Lu @ i^@*t L?i
T*t @? @_@*Lhi4 |@ h@|ic |i? ui@tM*|) hi^hit D |L UL?|@? L?*) ?L??i}@|i iU|Lht
AhL}L|c i 4@?|@? |i uL**L?} @tt4T|L? L? |i ti|t Lu ui@tM*i T@)4i?| u?U
|L?tG
tt4T|L? G wi|  5 F  Ai?  E@  f uLh @** @ 5 D( @?_ iih) T@)4i?| u?U|L? W
|@| t@|t€itG E WE@  f uLh @** @ 5 Dc @?_ E W E@   E@ uLh @** @ 5 Dc @*tL Mi*L?}t
|L F 
, T*@?@|L?G @)4i?|t uhL4 |i Th?UT@*t |L |i @}i?| @i |L Mi ?L??i}@|ic @?_ u @
T@)4i?| u?U|L? t ui@tM*ic @** Rt4@**ih T@)4i?| u?U|L?t @hi @*tL ui@tM*i At UL?uLh4t
|L |i hi^hi4i?|t Lu @** hi*i@?| iUL?L4U @TT*U@|L?t

e
,^*Mh4
h @4 t |L UL?t|hU| @?_ t|_) @ UL?UiT| Lu i^*Mh4 uLh @ |Lt|@}i }@4i W? |i
tiUL?_ t|@}ic |i @}i?| ULLtit @? @U|L? LT|4@**)c }i? |i T@)4i?| u?U|L?t Lu @** |i
Th?UT@*t W? |i €ht| t|@}ic i@U Th?UT@* ULLtit @ T@)4i?| tUi_*ic !?L?} |@| @**
|i L|ih Th?UT@*t @hi t4*|@?iLt*) @?_ ?L?ULLTih@|i*) ULLt?} |ih L? T@)4i?|
tUi_*itc @?_ *LL!?} @i@_ |L |i hitTL?ti Lu |i @}i?| ? |i tiUL?_ t|@}i
`i ** _i?L|i 4@}?|_it Tih|@??} |L @? i^*Mh4 M) |i tTihtUhT|  5?Ui |i
}@4i t ?L?ULLTih@|ic i ** @i |L t|@h| | @ RU@?__@|i uLh tU @? i^*Mh4c
@?_ t|_) |i UL?ti^i?Uit Lu @**L?} |i t|h@|i}it |L _i@|i uhL4 |tc L?i T*@)ih @| @
|4i 6Lh |t ThTLti i it|@M*t |i uL**L?} ?L|@|L?G E@ ** _i?L|i |i iU|Lh Lu
UL?|hM|L? u?U|L?t | UL4TL?i?| u?U|L?t  E@c uLh @**  5 u( *i EiE@j ' c S
** _i?L|i |i iU|Lh ihi |i | UL4TL?i?| t hiT*@Ui_ M) Sc @?_ @** |i L|ih UL4TL?i?|t
 9'  @hi i*_ € i_ @| E@ 5L4i|4it S |ti*u 4@) Mi |i @*i Lu @?L|ih T@)4i?|
u?U|L?  E@ uLh Th?UT@* 

`i Mi}? M) _i€??} |i Th?UT@*t< Mit| hitTL?ti t|h@|i}it


#i€?|L? G  T@)4i?| u?U|L?  5 F t @ Mit| hitTL?ti Lu Th?UT@*  |L |i T@)4i?|
u?U|L?t ijMuc  ' Lu |i L|ih Th?UT@*t u |ihi _Lit ?L| i t| @ T@)4i?| u?U|L?
 5 F tU |@|

E ` d@ c  E@ o : ` d@ c E@ o( ihi

E @ ' @h} 4@ @M Cd@c Ei E@j ' c  E@oc @?_

E @ ' @h} 4@ @M Cd@c E@o

, T*@?@|L?G Ai Mit| hitTL?ti U@*U*@|L? Lu Th?UT@*  L*_t € i_ |i t4*|@?iLt*)


ULti? t|h@|i}it ET@)4i?| u?U|L?t Lu @** |i L|ih Th?UT@*t @| |ih U@?__@|i i^*M
h4 TLt|L?tc M| hiUL}?3it |@| ? |i tiUL?_ t|@}i |i @}i?| ** LT|43i | hitTiU|
|L |iti T@)4i?| u?U|L?t @*L?} | @?) _i@|i_ u?U|L? ThLTLti_ M) Th?UT@*  Wu
Th?UT@*  U@??L| €?_ @?L|ih ui@tM*i T@)4i?| u?U|L? |@| )i*_t @ Mi||ih L|UL4i uLh
4c |@!?} ?|L @UUL?| |i @}i?|<t @?|UT@|i_ hitTL?tic |i? |i Lh}?@* U@?__@|i T@)
4i?| u?U|L?  t Th?UT@* <t Mit| hitTL?ti |L |i U@?__@|i u?U|L?t  Lu @** |i L|ih
Th?UT@*t

D
i | i _i€?i i^*Mh4 At t |i t|@?_@h_ _i€?|L? Lu @ tM}@4i TihuiU| @t
i^*Mh4 uLh |t |Lt|@}i }@4i( | t t|@|i_ i T*U|*) L?*) tL |@| i U@? hiuih |L |i
tTiU€U UL?_|L?t E@EU *@|ih
#i€?|L? 2G ? i^*Mh4 Lu |i UL44L? @}i?U) ThLM*i4 UL?tt|t Lu @ iU|Lh Lu T@)4i?|
u?U|L?t  ' ijMu @?_ @ TL*U) iU|Lh @ tU |@|G

E@  5 F uLh @**  5 u(

EM @ ' @h} 4@ @M Cd@c E@o( @?_

EU uLh iih)  5 u |i T@)4i?| u?U|L?  t @ Mit| hitTL?ti Lu Th?UT@*  |L |i T@)4i?|
u?U|L?t i j Muc ' Lu |i L|ih Th?UT@*t

Ai uL**L?} |iLhi4 ThL_it @ U@h@U|ih3@|L? Lu @? i^*Mh4G


AiLhi4 G  iU|Lh Lu T@)4i?| u?U|L?t  ' ijMu @?_ @ TL*U) iU|Lh @ UL?t|||i
@? i^*Mh4 u @?_ L?*) uG

E@  5 F uLh @**  5 u(

EM @ ' @h} 4@ @M Cd@c E@o( @?_

EU uLh iih)  5 uG

d@c E@o ' @h} 4@ ` E@c S c E2


@cS
E

tMiU| |L @ 5 Dc S '  E@ uLh tL4i  5 F c @?_

Cd@c Ei E@j ' c So  4@ Cd@ c Ei E@ j ' c fo  E22
@ M


, T*@?@|L?G Mtihi |@| E@ @?_ EM @hi 4ihi hit|@|i4i?|t Lu |i ULhhitTL?_?} T@h|t
Lu #i€?|L? 2 Ai hiuLh4*@|L? Lu EU t |i !i) @tTiU| Lu AiLhi4 ( | uLUtit L?
|i hi*@|L?tT Mi|ii? |i @}i?| @?_ L?i Lu |i Th?UT@*tc @?_ i*Tt _i|ih4?i L |i
TL|i?|@* }@?t uhL4 |t hi*@|L?tT }i| @**LU@|i_ Mi|ii? |i4 ? i^*Mh4
, @4?i |i t|@|L? uhL4 |i TihtTiU|i Lu Th?UT@*  Oi |@!it @t }i? |i t|h@|i}it
Lu @** L|ih Th?UT@*t  9' c @?_ UL?|i4T*@|it t L? ULUi Oi 4t| ThL_i |i @}i?|

S
@| *i@t| |i *ii* Lu |*|) U |i @}i?| UL*_ }i| uhL4 t L|t_i LT|L?c ?@4i*) M)
ULLt?} t Mit| hitTL?ti |L |i T@)4i?| u?U|L?t Lgihi_ M) @** |i L|ih Th?UT@*t i?
Th?UT@*  Lgiht ?L|?} At t @| UL?t|h@?| E22 i Thittit 5MiU| |L |t UL?t|h@?|c
Th?UT@*  U@? ThLTLti |L |i @}i?| @? @U|L? @?_ @ ui@tM*i T@)4i?| |@| 4@ 43it t L?
|*|) A@| t |i UL?|i?| Lu i^@|L? E2 Ai? AiLhi4  t@)t |@| tU UL?t|h@?i_
4@ 43@|L? M) i@U Th?UT@* t i^@*i?| |L i^*Mh4 @t ThiLt*) _i€?i_
Ai ?||L? Mi?_ Lh hit*| U@? Mi @TThiU@|i_ | |i @_ Lu 6}hi  5TTLti uLh
|i t@!i Lu **t|h@|L? |@| |i @U|L? t @ tU@*@h hi C C _iTU|t UL4M?@|L?t Lu |i
@U|L? @ EL? |i Lh3L?|@* @ t @?_ T@)4i?|t S M) Th?UT@*  EL? |i ih|U@* @ t |@|
}i |i @}i?| @ € i_ *ii* Lu |*|) i? |i UL?|hM|L? u?U|L?t Lu |i L|ih @}i?|t @hi
}i? Ai T@h|U*@h ?_gihi?Ui Uhi tL? ? |i €}hi _itUhMit |i }it| i*u@hi |i
@}i?| U@? @||@? i? Th?UT@*  4@!it ?L UL?|hM|L? @|tLiih Et T@)4i?| u?U|L?
UL?U_it | |i Lh3L?|@* @ t( |i @}i?| |i? ULLtit |i @U|L? @ttLU@|i_ | |i
TL?| *@Mi**i_ 3  Ai t@_i_ hiU|@?}*i _iTU|t |i UL4M?@|L?t Lu ui@tM*i @U|L?t @?_
ui@tM*i T@)4i?| *ii*t E|ihi t @? TTih ML?_ L? T@)4i?|tc T@)4i?|t @i |L Mi ?L?
?i}@|ic @?_ |i @U|L? t ML?_i_ Mi*L @?_ @MLi L?t_ih?} |i @}i?|<t LT|L? |L
|@!i @U|L? 3 c |i Mit| |i Th?UT@*  U@? _L t |L _it}? @ T@)4i?| tUi_*i |@| ?_Uit
|i @}i?| |L ULLti @ TL?| ? |i t@_i_ @hi@ |@| *it @MLi Lh L? |i ?_gihi?Ui Uhi
C C  5TTLti |i Th?UT@*<t i*u@hi t ?Uhi@t?} ? |i @U|L? Ai? t ?_gihi?Ui Uhit
@hi T@h_t t*LT?} W? |i ii?|c i ** ULLti @ TL?| L? |i ht?} TLh|L? Lu C C |@| t
ML| ui@tM*i @?_ }it 4 |i }it| i*u@hi *ii*c ?@4i*) |i |@?}i?U) TL?|  Mi|ii?
t ?_gihi?Ui Uhi ` ` @?_ C C  W| t i@t) |L tii uhL4 |i €}hi L |i @}i?| U@?
UL?t|hU| @ T@)4i?| tUi_*i |@| ?_Uit |i @}i?| |L ULLti TL?|  6Lh i @4T*ic i
4}| Lgih @ tUi_*i |@| UL?U_it | |i Lh3L?|@* @ t ?|* tL4i TL?| |L |i h}|
Lu 3 c @?_ |i? htit |L @ |@?}i?U) | C C @|  |L| iih UhLtt?} |@| Uhi
hLLu Lu AiLhi4 G L?_|L?t E@ @?_ EM Lu |i |iLhi4 t| hit|@|i |Lti ? |i
_i€?|L? Lu @? i^*Mh4 W| |ihiuLhi hi4@?t |L ThLi ?iUitt|) @?_ tUi?U) Lu UL?
_|L? EU }i? |@| E@ @?_ EM L*_ `i ThLi ML| T@h|t R?i}@|i*)c |@| tc t|@h| M)
@tt4?} |@| UL?_|L? EU ? L?i T*@Ui E_i€?|L? Lh |iLhi4 t L*@|i_ @?_ ThL?} |@|
|t 4T*it UL?_|L? EU 4t| Mi L*@|i_ ? |i L|ih T*@Ui @t i**
iUitt|)G 5TTLti |@| UL?_|L? EU Lu |i |iLhi4 _Lit ?L| L*_ uLh tL4i  5 u Ai?
|ihi i t|t @ iU|Lh E@Wc SW |@| tL*it |i 4@ 43@|L? ThLM*i4 L? |i h}| @?_ t_i Lu

.
i^@|L? E2 i? @TT*i_ |L |@| c @?_ )i*_t ` E@Wc SW : ` d@c E@o 5?Ui E@Wc SW
t@|t€it |i UL?t|h@?|t Lu |i 4@ 43@|L? ThLM*i4c |ihi i t|t @ T@)4i?| u?U|L?   5 F
|   E@W ' SW  L _i€?i |i u?U|L? ) E@ |@| t@|t€it

Cd@c EiE@j ' c ) E@ o ' Cd@Wc EiE@Wj ' c SWo uLh @** @ 5 D

5?Ui |i u?U|L? CE@c U t @tt4i_ |L Mi ?Uhi@t?} ? i@U UL4TL?i?| Lu Uc ) t @ i**


_i€?i_ u?U|L? @?_ ) E@W  ' SW LhiLihc E@W c SW  t@|t€it E22 L4M??} |t | |i
_i€?|L? Lu ) c i @ic uLh @** @ 5 Dc

Cd@c Ei E@j ' c ) E@o ' Cd@W c Ei E@W j ' c SW o
 4@ Cd@ c EiE@ j ' c fo
@ M


 Cd@c EiE@j ' c fo 

Ai €ht| t|iT t |i _i€?|L? Lu ) c |i tiUL?_ t |i UL?t|h@?| E22 t@|t€i_ M) E@W c SWc
@?_ |i |h_ uL**Lt uhL4 t| @ T@h|U*@h ULUi Lu @ ? |t UL?t|h@?|
5?Ui CE@c U t ?Uhi@t?} ? i@U UL4TL?i?| Lu Uc |t 4T*it |@| ) E@  f uLh @**
@ 5 D W| uL**Lt uhL4 tt4T|L?  |@| |i T@)4i?| u?U|L? W _i€?i_ M) WE@ '
4?d  E@c ) E@o uLh @** @ 5 D t ui@tM*i uLh Th?UT@* c @?_ |@|  W E@W  ' SW AihiuLhic
 
uLh @** @ 5 Dc

Cd@c EiE@j ' c W E@ o  Cd@c EiE@j ' c ) E@ o


' Cd@Wc Ei E@W j ' c SW o
' Cd@Wc Ei E@W j ' c W E@W o 

Ai €ht| t|iT uL**Lt uhL4 WE@  ) E@c |i tiUL?_ t |i _i€?|L? Lu ) c @?_ |i |h_
uL**Lt uhL4 WE@W  ' SW  At U@? ThLit |@|

@W ' @h} 4@ Cd@c EiE@j ' c W E@ o 


@M
| ` d@W c W E@W o : ` d@ c E@ o( U L*@|it UL?_|L? EU ? |i _i€?|L? Lu @?
i^*Mh4
5Ui?U)G 5TTLti |@| UL?_|L? EU ? |i _i€?|L? Lu @? i^*Mh4 _Lit ?L| L*_
uLh tL4i  @4i*)c tTTLti |@| |ihi i t|t @ ui@tM*i T@)4i?| u?U|L?  @?_ @ ui@tM*i
@U|L? @ tU |@|G

H
E @ ' @h} 4@ @M Cd@c Ei E@j ' c  E@ o @?_

E ` d@ c  E@ o : ` d@c E@o

Ai? | uL**Lt uhL4 tt4T|L?  |@|  E@   fc U |L}i|ih | E @MLi 4T*it |@|
d@ c  E@ o t ui@tM*i ? |i 4@ 43@|L? ThLM*i4 ? UL?_|L? EU Lu AiLhi4  AL}i|ih
| E @MLic |t UL?|h@_U|t UL?_|L? EU Lu |i |iLhi4( ?@4i*)c d@c E@ o _Lit ?L|
tL*i |i 4@ 44 ThLM*i4 ? UL?_|L? EU Lu |i |iLhi4 

LhL**@h) G wi| Ec @ Mi @? i^*Mh4 Ai?c uLh i@U  5 uc

Cd@ c  E@ o ' 4@ Cd@c EiE@j ' c f o 


@M
, T*@?@|L?G At t@)t |@| |i |*|) *ii* Lu |i @}i?| ? i^*Mh4 t |i t@4i @t
@| i L*_ }i| u @?) L?i Lu |i Th?UT@*t ihi |L UL?|hM|i 3ihL *i @** |i L|iht
4@?|@?i_ |ih i^*Mh4 T@)4i?| u?U|L?tc @?_ |i @}i?| |i? ihi |L ULLti t
LT|44 @U|L? ? hitTL?ti |L |t _i@|L? Ai ?||L? t 4T*U| ? Lh _tUttL? Lu
UL?_|L? EU Lu |i |iLhi4 ,@U Th?UT@* 4t| i?thi |@| |i @}i?| }i|t @ |*|) i^@*
|L t L|t_i LTTLh|?|)( | t ?L| ? |i Th?UT@*<t ?|ihit| |L }i |i @}i?| @?) 4Lhi
Ai uLh4@* ThLLu @*tL U*Lti*) uL**Lt |i ?||L?
hLLu Lu LhL**@h) G At hit*| uL**Lt _hiU|*) uhL4 UL?_|L?t EM @?_ EU Lu AiLhi4 
Aihi @hi |L TLttM*|itG E@ t i|ih ' f Lh : f W? |i uLh4ih U@ti |i ULhL**@h) t
LMLt W? |i *@||ih U@ti u |i ?i^@*|) ? |i UL?t|h@?| E22 Lu |i |iLhi4<t UL?_|L?
EU t t|hU|c |i? S U@? Mi uh|ih hi_Ui_ |L| @*|ih?} @ @?_ t|** Thitihi ui@tM*|)
At h@tit ` E@c Sc |ihiM) L*@|?} |t UL?_|L? 

Ah|u* ,^*Mh@
Ai @MLi 4L_i* U@? @i 4*|T*i tM}@4i TihuiU| @t i^*Mh@c tL4i Lu U U@?
Mi ?iUi?| t ? ih?i4 @?_ `?t|L? EbHSc i ?L _ii*LT @ hi€?i4i?| |@|
ti*iU|t i^*Mh@ |@| 4T*i4i?| @hi|L iUi?| @U|L?t E|i UL?UiT| Lu @hi|L iUi?U)
t Lu ULhti UL?t|h@?i_ M) |i ti| Lu @@*@M*i @U|L?t `i €ht| it|@M*t @ U*Lti*) hi*@|i_
ThLTih|) |@| t ?iUitt@h) uLh @** i^*Mh@ }i? tL4i @__|L?@* hit|hU|L?tc @?_ |i?
_ii*LT |i ThLTih|) |@| t tUi?| uLh iUi?| i^*Mh@

b
hLTLt|L? G wLU@* Ah|u*?itt wi| |i Thiuihi?Ui u?U|L?t Ei` jMu c C Mi _gihi?
|@M*i @?_ *i| |i ti|t Lu ui@tM*i T@)4i?| tUi_*it Mi hit|hU|i_ |L u?U|L?t |@| @hi
_gihi?|@M*i ihi TLt|i Ai? i?iih |i i^*Mh4 t ?|ihLhc ? |i ti?ti |@|
@ Mi*L?}t |L |i ?|ihLh Lu D @?_ E@ : f uLh @**  5 uc |i? |i i^*Mh4 T@)4i?|
u?U|L?t i M| *LU@* |h|u*?itt @| |i i^*Mh4 TL?|c ? |i ti?ti |@|
# $3
  Y` d@c E@ o
u@  E@  '  u@ ` d@c E@o uLh @**  5 uc E2 
YS

ihi |i LTih@|Lh u @TT*i_ |L @ u?U|L? _i?L|it |i }h@_i?| iU|Lh Lu |i T@h|@* _ih@
|it Lu |i u?U|L? | hitTiU| |L |i iU|Lh @h}4i?| U @TTi@ht @t |i tMtUhT| Lu
|i LTih@|Lh
, T*@?@|L?G ) |i 4T*U| u?U|L? |iLhi4c |i h}| @?_ t_i t t| |i }h@_i?| Lu S
| hitTiU| |L @c U@*U*@|i_ @*L?} @ thu@Ui Lu UL?t|@?| ` c @?_ i@*@|i_ @| |i i^*Mh4
TL?| AihiuLhi ? i^*Mh4c uLh i@U Th?UT@*c |i t*LTit Lu |i T@)4i?| u?U|L? i^@*
|i t*LTit Lu |@| Th?UT@*<t ?_gihi?Ui thu@Ui W? L|ih Lh_tc |i Th?UT@*<t 4@h}?@*
T@)4i?| uLh i@U UL4TL?i?| Lu @U|L? i^@*t t @*@|L? Lu |@| UL4TL?i?| At ThLTih|)
t t4*@h |L |i |h|u* hii*@|L? Lu TiLT*i<t @*@|L? Lu TM*U }LL_tc i |ih?@*|it i|U
?_ih t|@M*) _it}?i_ 4iU@?t4t( i?Ui |i ?@4i W| L*_t uLh @?) ?|ihLh i^*Mh4
tTTLh|i_ M) _gihi?|@M*i T@)4i?| tUi_*it
hLLu Lu hLTLt|L? G Bi? _gihi?|@M*|) @?_ |i u@U| |@| |i i^*Mh4 t ?|ihLhc
i @i |i €ht|Lh_ih UL?_|L?t uLh |i 4@ 43@|L? ? EM Lu AiLhi4 G

YCd@c E@ o [ YCd@c  E@o YE@


n 'f E2e
Y@& Mu YS Y@&

uLh @** UL4TL?i?|t & Lu |i @U|L? iU|Lh 54*@h*)c |i €ht|Lh_ih UL?_|L?t uLh |i 4@ 
43@|L? ? EU Lu AiLhi4  @hi
5 6
Y` d@c E@o 7
YCd@c E@o [ YCd@c E@o Y E@  8'f
nb n E2D
Y@& Y@& Muc ' YS Y@&

uLh @** c &c @?_ % &


Y` d@c E@ o YCd@ c E@ o
nb 'f E2S
YS YS

f
uLh @** c ihi b t @ ?L??i}@|i w@}h@?}i 4*|T*ih uLh |i ?L??i}@||) UL?t|h@?| ?
UL?_|L? EU L4M??} E2e @?_ E2D )i*_t

Y` d@ c  E@ o YCd@c E@o Y E@ 


'b  E2.
Y@& YS Y@&
L4M??} |t | E2S @?_ t|@U!?} T |i UL4TL?i?|t ?|L }h@_i?| iU|Lhtc i }i| |i
*LU@* |h|u*?itt UL?_|L? E2  

i | i UL?t_ih @ t|hL?}ih ThLTih|) Lu T@)4i?| u?U|L?tc ?@4i*) }*LM@* |h|u*?itt


 }*LM@**) |h|u* T@)4i?| u?U|L? uLh Th?UT@*  hi@h_t |i @}i?| uLh iih) U@?}i
? |i @U|L? i @U|*) |i @4L?| Lu U@?}i ? |i Th?UT@*<t i*u@hic ThL_i_ |@| |i
T@)4i?| ML| MiuLhi @?_ @u|ih |i U@?}i t t|hU|*) TLt|i W? L|ih Lh_tc |i t@Ti
Lu |i T@)4i?| tUi_*i 4hhLht |i t@Ti Lu |i Th?UT@*<t ?_gihi?Ui thu@Ui ?L| L?*)
?i@h |i i^*Mh4 TL?| E@t | *LU@* |h|u*?itt M| iih)ihi |i T@)4i?|t @hi
TLt|i Ai? |i Th?UT@* }i|t |i t@4i |*|) uLh @** @U|L?t @ |@| ?_Ui TLt|i
T@)4i?|t  E@ : f( |i T@)4i?| t t| |i UL4Ti?t@|?} @h@|L? `i tL |@| |i
UL44L? @}i?U) }@4i @t @? i^*Mh4 ? U @** |i Th?UT@*t uL**L }*LM@**) |h|u*
t|h@|i}itc @?_ |@| tU @? i^*Mh4 t @hi|L iUi?| `i U@** tU @? i^*Mh4 @
|h|u* i^*Mh4
6LUt L? |h|u* i^*Mh@ 4@) tii4 hit|hU|ic M| U@? Mi t|€i_ ? tiih@* _gihi?|
@)t 6ht|c ?L|i |@| i _L ?L| hit|hU| |i tT@Ui Lu ui@tM*i T@)4i?| u?U|L?t |L |h|u*
L?it @| |i L|ti|( ? @ |h|u* i^*Mh4 i@U Th?UT@*<t |h|u* t|h@|i}) t @ Mit|
hitTL?ti |L t h@*t ii? i? |i tT@Ui Lu ui@tM*i T@)4i?| u?U|L?t t |i *@h}ih L?i Lu
tt4T|L?  At i @i @? i^*Mh4 ? |i u** ti?tic ihi |i t|h@|i}it @TTi? |L
Mi |h|u* 5iUL?_c @?_ 4Lhi t|hL?}*)c uLh @?) ti| Lu ui@tM*i t|h@|i}it Lu |i u Th?UT@*t
L|ih |@? c |i ti| Lu Mit| hitTL?ti t|h@|i}it uLh Th?UT@*  UL?|@?t @ |h|u* T@)4i?|
u?U|L? At i@U Th?UT@* Mi@ht itti?|@**) ?L ULt| uhL4 T*@)?} @ |h|u* t|h@|i})c
?L 4@||ih @| i i TiU|t uhL4 |i L|ih T*@)iht Ai? |i hit*| |@| @? i^*Mh4 ?
|h|u* t|h@|i}it 4T*i4i?|t @ @hi|L iUi?| @U|L? 4@) 4@!i tU t|h@|i}it uLU@* uLh
|i }hLT Lu Th?UT@*t 6?@**)c t?Ui |i ti||?} @t ?L ?UL4T*i|i ?uLh4@|L?c |i T*@)iht
@i R?L|?} |L _i @?_ |h|u* t|h@|i}it ThL_i @ t4T*i _iUi |L @Uii iUi?U)
|L| @?) T*@)ih UL?Ui_?} t h}| |L }h@M @t 4U @t i U@? uLh 4ti*u
`i ?L ThLUii_ |L uLh4@*3i |i _i@ @?_ |i hit*|t


#i€?|L? G  T@)4i?| u?U|L? A E@c `W uLh Th?UT@*  t }*LM@**) |h|u* hi*@|i |L
|i UL?t|@?| `W u

A E@c `W   4?d7 E@c 4@ dfc ) E@c `Wo o uLh @** @ 5 Dc E2H

ihi ) t 4T*U|*) _i€?i_ M) ` d@c ) E@c `W o ' `W uLh @** @ 5 Dc @?_ 7 E@ '
tT i E@ m  5 F j uLh @** @ 5 D

, T*@?@|L?G Ai _i€?|L? Lu ) t |i M@tU UL?UiT| Lu |i UL4Ti?t@|?} @h@|L?


,^@|L? E2H 4ihi*) tihit |L i?thi |@| |i |h|u* T@)4i?| u?U|L? @*tL t@|t€it
|i TTih @?_ *Lih ML?_t L? ui@tM*i T@)4i?|t L|i |@| @ UL4Ti||L? ? |h|u*
t|h@|i}it ML*t _L? |L ?L?ULLTih@|i ULUit Lu |i UL?t|@?|t i`Wj Mu c U _i|ih4?i
|i i^*Mh4 T@)Lgt Lu |i Th?UT@*t

hLTLt|L? 2G Ai Mit| hitTL?ti ti| Lu Th?UT@*  |L T@)4i?| u?U|L?t iE@j Muc ' Lu
|i L|ih Th?UT@*t UL?|@?t @ }*LM@**) |h|u* T@)4i?| u?U|L?

, T*@?@|L?G Ai ThLTLt|L? U@? Mi **t|h@|i_ ? |i @uLhi4i?|L?i_ 6}hi  Ai


Th?UT@*t L|ih |@?  ?_Ui ? |i @}i?| |i ?_gihi?Ui Uhi C C | |ih T@)4i?|
Lgiht Aiti Lgiht 4}| Mi |h|u* Lh ?L| W? @?) ii?|c |i Mit| hitTL?ti ti| uLh Th?UT@*
 ?U*_it @** T@)4i?| u?U|L?t |@| ?_Ui |i @U|L? @?_ UL?|hM|L? @ttLU@|i_ |
TL?|   |h|u* t|h@|i}) ? |t ti| t |i T@)4i?| u?U|L? |@| UL?U_it | |i
Lh3L?|@* @ t uhL4 |i Lh}? ?|* |t ?|ihtiU|L? | ` ` c @?_ |@| UL?U_it |
` ` |ihi@u|ih

hLLu Lu hLTLt|L? 2G wi|  Mi tL4i Mit| hitTL?ti Lu Th?UT@*  |L T@)4i?| u?U|L?t
iE@j Muc ' Lu |i L|ih Th?UT@*tc *i| @ Mi |i @}i?|<t Mit| hitTL?ti |L |i L*i ti| Lu
T@)4i?| u?U|L?t i E@jMu c @?_ *i| ` d@ c  E@ o ' ` Mi |i hit*|?} |*|) *ii*t Lu
|i Th?UT@*t #i€?i |i }*LM@**) |h|u* T@)4i?| u?U|L? A E@c ` hi*@|i |L ` `i
U*@4 |@| | t @*tL @ Mit| hitTL?ti |L |i t@4i }i? T@)4i?| u?U|L?t Lu @** |i L|iht
AL tii |tc *i| @ _i?L|i |i @}i?|<t ULUi Lu @U|L?

@ ' @h} 4@ Cd@c EiE@j ' c A E@c ` o 


@M
Wu @ ' @c |i? |i |h|u* t|h@|i}) |h@**) )i*_t |L Th?UT@*  |i t@4i |*|) *ii* `
@t _Lit |i t|h@|i})  U t @ Mit| hitTL?tic tL |i |h|u* t|h@|i}) 4t| |ti*u Mi @

2
Mit| hitTL?ti Wu @ '
9 @ c |t 4t| Mi MiU@tic L|ih |?}t i^@*c |i |h|u* t|h@|i})
i*U|t @ *@h}ih T@)4i?| 6Lh u E@   A E@ c `c i @i

Cd@ c E@ o  Cd@ c EiE@ j ' c A E@ c `  o


: Cd@ c EiE@j ' c A E@ c `  o
' Cd@ c  E@o 

Ai €ht| t|iT uL**Lt uhL4 |i u@U| |@| C t ?Uhi@t?} ? T@)4i?|tc |i tiUL?_ MiU@ti @
t @ 4@ 43ih Lu C *i @ t ?L|c @?_ |i |h_ MiU@ti A E@ c ` ' E@ Ai? @
L*_ ?L| @i Mii? |i @}i?|<t Mit| ULUi ? i^*Mh4
`i @i tL? A E@ c `  : E@   fc @?_ |ihi hi4@? |L *L}U@* U@tit |L UL?t_ihG
 A E@ c `  U@? Mi i^@* |L ) E@ c `  c Lh @| |i TTih *4| 7 E@  W? |i €ht| Lu |itic
  
Th?UT@*  }i|t |*|) ` c U t |i t@4i @t i }i|t | c tL A t @*tL @ Mit| hitTL?ti

W? |i tiUL?_c Th?UT@*  L*_ @i Mii? **?} |L T@) ii? 4Lhi *i t|** }i||?} @|
*i@t| `( M| |i?  UL*_ ?L| @i Mii? |i Mit| hitTL?ti @?_ |t U@ti U@??L| @hti 

#i€?|L? eG  |h|u* i^*Mh4 t @? i^*Mh4 ? U @** T@)4i?| u?U|L?t @hi


}*LM@**) |h|u* hi*@|i |L |i i^*Mh4 i*u@hi *ii*t

hLTLt|L? G wi| EiA jMu c @  Mi @ |h|u* i^*Mh4 ? U ` t |i i^*Mh4
|*|) *ii* Lu Th?UT@* c uLh @**  5 u Ai? Ei`jMu c @  t U@h@U|ih3i_ M)G

E@ @ ' @h} 4@ @M Cd@c iA E@c `jMu o(

EM uLh iih)  5 uc

Cd@c iA E@ c `jMu o ' 4@ Cd@c EiA E@c ` j ' c fo 
@M

, T*@?@|L?G At t t| @ hit|@|i4i?| Lu LhL**@h)  uLh |i U@ti Lu |h|u* i^*Mh@c
@?_ |i i T*@?@|L? }i? @MLi @TT*it Ai @__i_ @_@?|@}i t ? @U|@* ti Wu i
|hi_ |L ti LhL**@h)  |L _i|ih4?i i^*Mh@c i L*_ @i |L tL*i |i UL?_|L?t
t4*|@?iLt*) uLh @** |i T@)4i?| u?U|L?tc U t @ UL4T*U@|i_ € i_ TL?| ThLM*i4 @?_
@t @ *@h}i 4*|T*U|) Lu tL*|L?t Ai ULhhitTL?_?} ti| Lu i^@|L?t ? hLTLt|L?
?L*i |i i^*Mh4 |*|) ?4Miht( |ihiuLhi |i) UL?t|||i @ t4T*ih t4*|@?iLt


i^@|L? ThLM*i4 | tL*|L?t |@| @hi ? }i?ih@* *LU@**) _i|ih4?@|ic @?_ ? @TT*U@|L?t
Lu|i? ?^i `i ** UL?t_ih L?i tU @TT*U@|L? ? |i ?i | tiU|L?

hLLu Lu hLTLt|L? G At uL**Lt _hiU|*) uhL4 UL?_|L? EM ? |i _i€?|L? Lu @?
i^*Mh4c uhL4 LhL**@h) c @?_ uhL4 |i _i€?|L? Lu }*LM@**) |h|u* T@)4i?| u?U|L?t


L i it|@M*t |@| @? i^*Mh4 ? }*LM@**) |h|u* t|h@|i}it 4T*i4i?|t @? i


Ui?| @U|L?
AiLhi4 2G wi| @ TL*U) iU|Lh @ @?_ @ iU|Lh Lu T@)4i?| u?U|L?t  |@| @hi }*LM
@**) |h|u* | hitTiU| |L |i |*|) *ii*t ` ' ` E@ c  E@  UL?t|||i @ |h|u*
i^*Mh4 Ai? |ihi _L ?L| i t| @? @U|L? @W @?_ @ T@)4i?| iU|Lh UW tU |@|

E ui@tM*|)G
@W 5 D( f  SW  7 E@ uLh @**  5 u (

E @hi|L tTihLh|)G


CE@Wc UW  Cd@ c  E@ o c

` E@Wc SW   ` d@c  E@o uLh @**  5 u c

| @| *i@t| L?i t|hU| ?i^@*|)

, T*@?@|L?G Ai iUi?U) Lu |h|u* i^*Mh@ i |i?_t @ t4*@h hit*| ThLi_ M) ih?
i4 @?_ `?t|L? EbHSc AiLhi4 2 uLh |i U@ti Lu |h@?tuih@M*i |*|) `i U@? ThL_i @
u@4*@h ?|ihThi|@|L? M) ?L!?} L?*) *LU@* |h|u*?itt At t i@tit| |L tii ? |i U@ti
ihi |i @}i?|<t Thiuihi?Uit _iTi?_ L?*) L? |i t4 Lu |i |L|@* T@)4i?|tc S ' P Mu S 
Ai? E2ec E2Sc @?_ E2. UL4M?i |L )i*_

YC*Y@& [ Y` *Y@&


' c
YC*YS Mu Y` *YS
Lh # $ # $
_S [ _S
' 
_@& C UL?t|@?|  Mu _@& ` UL?t|@?|
At t@)t |@| |i 4@h}?@* T@)4i?| |i @}i?| hi^hit uLh tTT*)?} @? @__|L?@* ?| Lu
@U|L? & E|i 4@h}?@* ULt| i^@*t |i t4 Lu @** |i Th?UT@*t< 4@h}?@* **?}?itt |L T@)
uLh |t ?| A@| t t| |i 5@4i*tL? LT|4@*|) UL?_|L? uLh |i tTT*) Lu @ TM*U }LL_c

e
U t |i @TThLTh@|i ?|ihThi|@|L? ihic MiU@ti |i @U|L? t @ TM*U }LL_ @giU|?} @**
T*@)iht Ai @}i?|<t 4@ 43@|L? i?thit i^@*|) Mi|ii? |i @}i?|<t 4@h}?@* ULt| @?_
|i t4 Lu |i t*LTit Lu |i T@)4i?| tUi_*itc ihi@t |i |h|u*?itt ThLTih|) i?thit
i^@*|) Mi|ii? |i t*LTit Lu |i tUi_*it @?_ |i Th?UT@*t< 4@h}?@* |*|it `i *i@i
| |L |i hi@_iht |L _ii*LT @ t4*@h ?|ihThi|@|L? ? |i 4Lhi }i?ih@* U@ti
hLLu Lu AiLhi4 2G 5TTLti |ihi _L i t| @W @?_ UW @t t|T*@|i_ ? |i t|@|i4i?| 6Lh
@** c i @i
` E@Wc SW   ` d@ c  E@ o ' ` d@Wc ) E@W c ` oc

M) |i _i€?|L? Lu )c tL SW  ) E@W c ` At @*tL i?thit ) E@Wc `   fc @?_ i @i
@tt4i_ SW  7 E@Wc tL


SW  4? d 7 E@W c 4@ dfc ) E@Wc `o o ' E@W

t?} |i _i€?|L? Lu @ |h|u* tUi_*i


5?Ui C t ?Uhi@t?} ? T@)4i?|tc |t tLt Cd@Wc E@Wo  CE@W c UW  *tLc t?Ui @ t
|i @}i?|<t Mit| hitTL?ti |L c i @i Cd@c  E@o  Cd@Wc E@Wo Wu |i @}i?|<t |*|)
?i^@*|) t t|hU| ? E Lu |i t|@|i4i?| Lu |i |iLhi4c i @*hi@_) @i @ UL?|h@_U|Lh)
U@? Lu ?i^@*|it 5L UL?t_ih |i U@ti ihi

CE@Wc UW  ' Cd@c E@o ' Cd@Wc E@Wo 

`i ThLi |@| |t *i@_t |L @?L|ih UL?|h@_U|L? u |i |*|) ?i^@*|) ? E t t|hU| uLh
@?) L?i Th?UT@* 
L?t_ih |i UL?t|h@?| E22 ? L?_|L? EU Lu AiLhi4  W| t t@|t€i_ M) d@c E@o
@?_ |ihiuLhi M) E@Wc UW ? |i U@ti i @hi ?L UL?t_ih?} | uLh @** Th?UT@*t  9' c i
@i @*hi@_) it|@M*ti_ SW   E@W c @?_ C t ?Uhi@t?} ? iih) UL4TL?i?| Lu |i T@)4i?|
iU|Lh AihiuLhi |i UL?t|h@?| t @*tL t@|t€i_ M) d@W c Ei E@Wj ' c SW o At E@Wc SW  t
ui@tM*i ? |i 4@ 43@|L? ThLM*i4 ? L?_|L? EU Lu AiLhi4  | i @hi tTTLt?}
|@| | }it t|hU|*) 4Lhi |*|) |@? ` d@ c  E@ o At UL?|h@_U|t L?_|L? EU Lu
AiLhi4 c U  Mi?} @? i^*Mh4 4t| t@|tu) 

D
"@tw?i@h hiuihi?Uit
Ai @MLi i^*Mh4 U@? Mi T??i_ _L? ? }hi@|ih _i|@* i? @** |i T*@)iht< Thiuihi?Uit
@hi *?i@h ? |i T@)4i?|t 5TiU€U@**)c |i @U|L? t ?_iTi?_i?| Lu |i _t|hM|L? ? |t
U@ti
LhL**@h) 2G wi| |i Thiuihi?Ui u?U|L?t Ei` jMu c C Mi Lu |i ^@t*?i@h uLh4

` E@c S  '  E@  / S uLh @**  5 u c

@?_
[
CE@c U ' }E@ n  S 
Mu
L?t_ih @ |h|u* i^*Mh4 ihi |i @U|L? t @ @?_ @** T@)4i?|t @hi ? |i ?|ihLhG
f E@ 7 E@ Ai?
[
@ ' @h} 4@ }E@* n  E@*/ 
@M Mu
hLLu Lu LhL**@h) 2G Wu ?L|c @ Mi||ih ?i}MLh?} ui@tM*i @U|L?c T*t @ t|@M*i hi@h
h@?}i4i?| Lu T@)4i?|tc U@? @Uii @ @hi|L tTihLh L|UL4ic UL?|h@_U|?} AiLhi4 2


, T*@?@|L?G `| ^@t*?i@h Thiuihi?Uitc |i i^*Mh4 @U|L? 4@ 43it @ i}|i_


t4 Lu }hLtt i*u@hi *ii*t Lu |i Th?UT@*t @?_ |i @}i?| At hit*| @t Mii? tiu* ? @T
T*U@|L?t |L TL*|U@* iUL?L4)c tU @t ? BhLtt4@? @?_ Oi*T4@? Ebbe Aihic |i @}i?|
t @ }Lih?4i?| |@| ti|t @ iU|Lh Lu |@hg TL*Uitc *i |i Th?UT@*t @hi ?|ihit| }hLTt
hiThiti?|?} L?iht Lu tiU|LhtTiU€U u@U|Lht Lu ThL_U|L? Ai }Lih?4i?|<t LMiU|i t
@tt4i_ |L Mi *?i@h ? |i @}}hi}@|i i*u@hi Lu L|iht @?_ |i |L|@* Lu U@4T@}? UL?|hM
|L?t UL**iU|i_ uhL4 tTiU@* ?|ihit|t Ai ULhL**@h) Thi_U|t @ t|hU|hi Lu ThL|iU|L? |@|
4@ 43it @ t4T*i i}|i_ t4 Lu |i i*u@hi Lu L|iht @?_ ?|ihit|}hLT 4i4Miht

BLih?4i?| L*U)@!?}
t i ?L|i_ ? |i ?|hL_U|L?c UL44L? @}i?U) @htit uhi^i?|*) ? |i TL*|U@* ThLUittit
|@| }i?ih@|i iUL?L4U TL*Uit Ai TL*U) 4@!iht Lu|i? U@? Mi ii_ @t @? @}i?| @?_
tL4i Lh @** Lu |ih UL?t||i?|t @t Th?UT@*t h?UT@*t U@? R*LMM) |i TL*U) 4@!iht

S
M) ThL4t?} T@)4i?|t ? hi|h? uLh TL*Uitc |? tL4i ThitUhMi_ *4|t L? @@*@M*i
TL*Uit @?_ ui@tM*i _L?@|L?t Ai T@)4i?|t 4@) |@!i |i uLh4 Lu **U| MhMit Lhc 4Lhi
|)TU@**)c 4T*U| E@?_ |ihiuLhi *i}@* Lgiht Lu U@4T@}? tTTLh| Ai BhLtt4@?Oi*T4@?
@TT*U@|L? |L |@hgti||?} t M| L?i i @4T*i Lu |t W? tU ti||?}tc | 4@) Mi ?@|h@*
|L |?! Lu |i }Lih?4i?| @t @?} @? LMiU|i u?U|L? | tLU@* i*u@hi @?_ |i |L|@*
Lu UL?|hM|L? hiUiT|t @t @h}4i?|t Ai }Lih?4i?| 4}| U@hi @ML| tLU@* i*u@hi uLh
i|U@* hi@tL?tc Lh | 4@) @?| |L ThL_i @ } t|@?_@h_ Lu *?} |L i?@?Ui |t hii*iU|L?
ThLtTiU|tc Lh |L !iiT |i TLT*@Ui tUi?|*) @TT) |L Thii?| hL|tc i|U L?|hM|L?t
*!iti 4}| i?|ih |i }Lih?4i?|<t LMiU|i MiU@ti |i) @giU| |t hii*iU|L? U@?Uitc
Lh 4ihi*) @t |*|) Lu |i }Lih??} i*|it< Th@|i UL?t4T|L? UULh_?}*)c i tTTLti
CE@c U ' }Ec S7c ihi

 ' ` d E@c Sc 2 E@c S2    ? E@c S? o

t @ ih}tL?5@4i*tL? tLU@* i*u@hi u?U|L? U t ?Uhi@t?} ? |i |*|) *ii*t Lu |i
S?
? ?__@*t ? |i TL*|)c @?_ S7 ' ' S t |i @}}hi}@|i UL?|hM|L?
wi| u Mi |i ti| Lu ?__@*t L U@? *LMM) |i }Lih?4i?| uLh tTiU@* u@Lht `i *i@i
u i L}i?Lt tL4i ?__@*t 4@) @i tTiU@* UL??iU|L?tc Lh tL4i }hLTt Lu ?__@*t
4@) Mi @M*i |L tL*i |i uhii h_ih ThLM*i4 Lu Lh}@?3i_ @U|L? *i L|iht U@??L| Ai?
* u 6Lh  5 uc |i TTih *4| L? ui@tM*i UL?|hM|L?tc 7 E@c t 4T*U|*)
 E@  f uLh  5
_i€?i_ M)  d@c 7 E@o '  c ihi  t |i *Lit| Lh tMtt|i?Ui |*|) *ii* uLh ?__@*

AiLhi4 2 @t t|hL?} 4T*U@|L?t uLh |i L|UL4i Lu |t *LMM)?} }@4i
LhL**@h) G wi| |i @}i?|<t Thiuihi?Uit Mi }i? M) CE@c U ' }Ec S7c ihi  '
S?
` d E@c Sc 2E@c S2c    c ? E@c S? o @?_ S7 '
' S  wi| @ ti| u  ic 2c    c ?j Lu ?_
_@*t Lgih T@)4i?| tUi_*it i E@jMu c *i  E@  f uLh  5 * u 6?@**)c *i| @ TL*U)
iU|Lh @ @?_ @ iU|Lh Lu T@)4i?| u?U|L?t  U @hi }*LM@**) |h|u* | hitTiU|
|L |i |*|) *ii*t  '  d@ cE@o uLh  5 u UL?t|||i @ |h|u* i^*Mh4 ? U
 '  E@ c f uLh  5
* u Ai? |ihi i t|t ?L L|ih TL*U) iU|Lh @ tU |@|  E@ cS   
uLh @**  5 ic 2c    c ?j | t|hU| ?i^@*|) L*_?} uLh tL4i 
hLLu Lu LhL**@h) G 5TTLtic |L |i UL?|h@h)c |@| |ihi i t|t @ iU|Lh @ tU |@|
 E@ cS    uLh @**  5 ic 2c    c ?jc | t|hU| ?i^@*|) uLh tL4i  5?Ui |i UL?

.
|hM|L?t S ihi ui@tM*i i? |i @U|L? @t @c i !?L  E@c S      uLh|Lhc
 E@ c S    ( |t |i UL?|hM|L?t S t@|tu) S  7 E@c @?_ @hi |ihiuLhi ui@tM*i
5?Ui E t ?Uhi@t?} ? @** Lu |t @h}4i?|tc |i ?__@* |*|) ?i^@*|it 4T*)
|@| |i }Lih?4i?| @*tL }i|t }hi@|ih |*|) t?} @ G

}i` dE@ c Sc 2 E@ c S2     ? E@ c S? oc Uj : }d` Ec 2 c    c ? c U oj 

`i @i uL?_ @ ui@tM*i @?_ @hi|L tTihLh @*|ih?@|i T@h Lu @U|L? @?_ UL?|hM|L?
iU|Lhtc U L*@|it T@h| E Lu AiLhi4 2 uLh @ |h|u* i^*Mh@ 
, T*@?@|L?G Ai ULhL**@h) t@)t |@|c ii? ?_ih |i Thitthi Lu *LMM)?} uhL4 @ ti| Lu
tTiU@* ?|ihit|tc @ }Lih?4i?| |@| @t tL4i UL?Uih? uLh tLU@* i*u@hi ** 4@!i @hi|L
iUi?| ULUit uhL4 |i ti| Lu ui@tM*i TL*Uit `| |h|u* T@)4i?| tUi_*itc |i
}Lih?4i?| @t ?Ui?|i |L UL**iU| |t |hM|it iUi?|*) Wu |i }Lih?4i?|<t LMiU|i
i}t TLt|i*) |i i**Mi?} Lu @** 4i4Miht ? tLUi|)c |i? iUi?U) uLh |i }Lih?4i?|
@?_ *LMM)iht |h@?t*@|it ?|L @hi|L iUi?U) uLh |i TL*|) @t @ L*i `i ** tii @?
@TT*U@|L? Lu |t ? |i ?i | tiU|L?

AL t44@h3ic Lh }i?ih@* |iLh) Thitihit |i @Lh Lu hit*|t ? ih?i4 @?_ `?
t|L? EbHS W? @?) tM}@4i TihuiU| @t i^*Mh4c |i @}i?|<t @U|L? @?_ |i T@)4i?|
uhL4 Th?UT@*  4@ 43i |i L?| i*u@hi Lu |i @}i?| @?_ |@| Th?UT@*c }i? |i i^
*Mh4 T@)4i?| u?U|L?t Lu |i L|ih Th?UT@*t At t t4*@h |L |ih wi44@ 2 6Lh
@?) ti| Lu Lgiht M) Th?UT@*t  9' c |i Mit| hitTL?ti ti| uLh Th?UT@*  UL?|@?t @ |h|u*
t|h@|i})c t| @t ? |ih AiLhi4  ?_ |i |h|u* i^*Mh4 |@| hit*|t i? @**
Th?UT@*t @??L?Ui |h|u* T@)4i?| u?U|L?t t @hi|L iUi?| uLh |i }hLT Lu Th?UT@*t
@?_ |i @}i?| ) i |i?_?} |ih hit*|tc i @i t}?€U@?|*) i T@?_i_ |i _L4@? Lu
|ih |iLh)
W? |i ?i | tiU|L? i tL |i tiu*?itt Lu |i }i?ih@* |iLh) ? @ tTiU€U @TT*U@|L?
`i t|_) @ TLt|i @?@*L} |L |i ?Lh4@|i |iLh) Lu |@ ti||?} @
*@ #@4L?_ @?_ hh*iit
Eb. `i i |i?_ |ih @?@*)tt |L |i U@ti Lu @ }Lih?4i?| |@| U@hit ?L| L?*) @ML|
@}}hi}@|i i*u@hic M| @*tL @ML| |i UL?|hM|L?t | U@? @4@tt Ai i?_L}i?Lt |@ it @?_
|h@?tuiht @hi |Lti |@| @hti @t @? i^*Mh4 ? @ UL44L?@}i?U) }@4i ihi |i tTiU@*
?|ihit|t M_ uLh u@Lhi_ |hi@|4i?|

H
TT*U@|L? |L A@ @?_ Ah@?tuih L*Uit
`i U*Lti*) uL**L #@4L?_ @?_ hh*iit Eb.c M| ?|hL_Ui *LMM)?} uLh |@ it @?_ |h@?t
uiht wi| |ihi Mi ? UL?t4ihtc *@Mi**i_  5  ' ic 2c    c ?j `i ** UL?|?i |L hiuih |L
|iti @t R?__@*tc M| ? hi@*|) 4Lt| *LMM)?} t ?_ih|@!i? M) }hLTt Lu ?__@*t
L @i LihUL4i |i uhii h_ih ThLM*i4 Lu UL**iU|i TL*|U@* @U|L? Wu tU tTiU@* ?
|ihit| }hLTt @i @UUitt |L ?|ih?@* |h@?tuih tUi4itc |i) U@? Mi hi}@h_i_ @t @}}hi}@|i_
?__@*t ? Lh 4L_i*
?*) |i tMti| u Lu ?__@*t U@? *LMM) |i }Lih?4i?| Aiti 4@) Mi |i T*@)iht
| |i *@h}it| t|@!i ? |i TL*Uitc Lh |Lti | TihtL?@* UL??iU|L?t |L |i TL*|U@?t t
MiuLhic *LMM)?} |@!it |i uLh4 Lu UL?|?}i?| UL?|hM|L?t Ai *LMM)iht LTi |L ?i?Ui
|i }Lih?4i?|<t TL*U) ULUit
AL t4T*u) |i i TLt|L? i UL?t_ih @ t4@** LTi? iUL?L4)e wi| T _i?L|i |i i L}i
?Lt iU|Lh Lu Lh*_ ThUitc @?_ ^c T |i ThUi iU|Lht u@Ui_ M) |i _L4it|U UL?t4iht @?_
ThL_Uiht hitTiU|i*) Ai? ^  T t |i 4T*i_ iU|Lh Lu UL?t4ih |@ h@|it E?i}@|i
UL4TL?i?|t @hi tMt_itc @?_ TT |i 4T*i_ iU|Lh Lu ThL_Uih tMt_) h@|it E?i}@|i
UL4TL?i?|t @hi |@ it Ai }Lih?4i?|<t |@ @?_ tMt_) TL*Uit @hi |ihiuLhi i^@*i?|
|L ULLt?} ^ @?_ T Ai }Lih?4i?| U@? @*tL 4@!i *4Tt4 |h@?tuiht Lh *i) *4Tt4
|@ it L? @?) Lh @** ?__@*t( *i| |c | UL4TL?i?|t | c uLh  5  _i?L|i |i iU|Lh Lu tU
|h@?tuiht E?i}@|i UL4TL?i?|t @hi |@ it `i *i@i L| @?) L|ih }Lih?4i?| @U||it uLh
t4T*U|)
Aihi @hi tiih@* €h4t *@Mi**i_ s 5  ' ic 2c    6j | ThL€| u?U|L?t s ETc @?_
M) OL|i**?}<t wi44@c tTT*) u?U|L?t uT s ET W?__@*  L?t @? i L}i?Lt t@hi /s
Lu €h4 s c @?_ |ihiuLhi }i|t ThL€| ?UL4i
[
Z  ET ' /s s ET 
s M
hi*) uLh ?L|@|L?@* UL?i?i?Uic i _i€?i
[
7  ET  uT Z  ET ' /s uT  s ET c
s M
7 Doo
wkh uhvxowv frqfhuqlqj hflhqf| kdyh lghqwlfdo frxqwhusduwv zkhq vrph ru doo frpprglwlhv duh qrq0
wudghdeoh> doo wkdw lv qhhghg lv vrph dgglwlrqdo dojheud iru wkh grphvwlf pdunhw0fohdulqj frqglwlrqv1

b
|i tTT*) @||hM|@M*i |L |i uh@U|L?@* €h4t L?i_ M) ?__@*  `i hiuih |L |t
uLh Mhi|) @t |i tTT*) RuhL4 ?__@* c @*|L} ?__@*t @t tU _L ?L| _L @?)
ThL_U|L? Lh tTT*)?} Ai |L|@* tTT*) t
[
7ET ' 7  ET 
M
wi| S _i?L|i |i *LMM)?} T@)4i?| Lu ?__@*  |L |i }Lih?4i?|c uLh  5 u 5i|
S  f uLh  5
* u Ai? ?__@* <t ?UL4i t

U  Z ET n |  S c E 

@?_ t hit*|?} ?_hiU| |*|) t

 ' T  E^c U  

Ot _i4@?_t @hi }i? M) +L)<t W_i?||)G

(  E^c U  ' u^ T  E^c U  * TU E^c U  

`i tL*_ i4T@t3i |@| |i T@)4i?|t 4@_i M) |i *LMMit _L ?L| i?|ih ?|L |i
}Lih?4i?|<t |@ @?_ |h@?tuih M_}i| At M_}i| hiiU|t |i RTM*U Lh TL*U) T@h| Lu
|i }Lih?4i?|<t @U||it Ai *LMMit< T@)4i?|t }L ?|L @ tiT@h@|i RTh@|i Lh TL*|U@*
!||) Ai) 4}| Mi ti_ M) |i }Lih??} T@h|) uLh |t hii*iU|L? U@4T@}?c Lh M) @
}Lih??} _U|@|Lh uLh t L? UL?t4T|L? `h|i } uLh |i iU|Lh Lu tU ThU@tit At
|ihi @hi |L M_}i| UL?t|h@?|tc L?i uLh |i TL*U) M_}i|
[ [
E^  T  ( E^c U   ET  T  7ET  | ' f 
M M
@?_ |i L|ih uLh |i TL*|U@* M_}i|
[
T  } ' S 
Mu
Aiti UL?t|||i L?*) L?i ?_iTi?_i?| i^@|L?c MiU@ti L?i U@? Mi _ihi_ uhL4 |i L|ih
t?} |i ?__@*t< @?_ |i ThL_Uiht< M_}i| _i?||it @?_ |i iUL?L4)<t |h@_i M@*@?Ui
UL?_|L? `i ** ti |i TL*U) M_}i| UL?_|L?c @?_ @}}hi}@|i |i TL*|U@* ThU@tit

2f
@| |i Lh*_ ThUit tL L?*) |i t4 Lu |i UL?|hM|L?t i?|iht |i }Lih?4i?|<t LMiU|i
u?U|L?D
`i U@? ?L hi}@h_ |i }Lih?4i?| @t ULLt?} @ ' E^c Tc | tMiU| |L @ M_}i| UL?
t|h@?| At T|t |i ThLM*i4 ? |i uh@4iLh! Lu |i tMtiU|L? L? BLih?4i?| L*U)
@!?} @MLi LhL**@h) |ihi 44i_@|i*) }it @ t|hL?} hit*| UL?Uih??} |i ULUi Lu
@U|L? ? @ |h|u* i^*Mh4 Lu |i TL*U) }@4i

,Ui?U)
Ai ULhL**@h) t@)t |@| |i i^*Mh4 @U|L? @Uiit @ @hi|L iUi?| L|UL4i ? @?
@ *@h) ThLM*i4 ihi |i *LMMit< T@)4i?|t @hi i*_ € i_ @| |ih i^*Mh4 *ii*t
W? |i @ *@h) ThLM*i4c |i }Lih?4i?|<t ULUi t |i t|@?_@h_ ?Lh4@|i LT|4@* |@
@?_ |h@?tuih ThLM*i4c ihi i !?L |@| u *4Tt4 |h@?tuiht @hi @@*@M*ic _t|Lh|?}
UL44L_|) |@ it @?_ tMt_it ** ?L| Mi ti_ AihiuLhi i @i tL? |@| |i TL*|U@*
i^*Mh4 ** @*tL Thitihi ^ ' T @?_ ti L?*) |i *4Tt4 |h@?tuiht | uLh |i |L
ThTLtit Lu i*U|?} UL?|hM|L?t uhL4 |i *LMMit @?_ Lu 4ii|?} |i }Lih?4i?|<t UL?Uih?
uLh |i i*u@hi Lu |i ?L?*LMM)?} ?__@*t
iuLhi |i hi@_iht uLh4 |i Mi*iu |@| i @i it|@M*ti_ |i iUi?U) Lu |i TL*|U@*
ThLUitt Lu |@ TL*U)c Liihc i tL*_ @h? |@| |i t|Lh) t ?L| )i| UL4T*i|i W| hi4@?t
|L i @4?i |i _t|hM|L? Lu }@?t Mi|ii? |i *LMMit @?_ |i }Lih?4i?| ? |i TL*|U@*
i^*Mh4( |@| @?@*)tt ** U@t| _LM| L? |i iUi?| i^*Mh4 @t @ _itUhT|L? Lu
TL*|U@* hi@*|)
`i €ht| _ii*LT |i |h|u* i^*Mh4 ? tL4i@| }hi@|ih _i|@*c @?_ i*@MLh@|i TL?
|i iUi?U) ThLTih|) At ** tihi tiih@* ThTLtit 6ht|c | ** U*@hu) |i 4iU@?t4
|@| 4@!it | 4Lhi _ith@M*i uLh |i }Lih?4i?| |L UL**iU| |t |hM|it uhL4 |i *LMMit |
L| ?|hL_U?} @?) _t|Lh|L?t @?_ |t t|hi?}|i? |i iUL?L4U ?||L? uLh |i iUi?U)
hit*| W| ** @*tL ti| |i t|@}i uLh |i @?@*)tt Lu _t|hM|L? |L UL4i 6?@**)c | ** it|@M
*t @ Mi||ih UL??iU|L? | ThiLt Lh! L? *LMM)?} uLh |@hgt EBhLtt4@? @?_ Oi*T4@?
bbe @?_ uLh UL44L_|) |@ it @*L?i E# | bbD
`i UL?t|hU| @ |h|u* i^*Mh4 | i?_L}i?Lt TL*Uit E^c T c | c |*|) *ii*t
i jM c @?_ |h|u* T@)4i?| tUi_*it iE^c Tc | c  jMu 
8 Zhkdyh dvvxphg wkdw wkh jryhuqphqw*v srolwlfdo sxufkdvhv gr qrw sd| wkh wd{> wkh dowhuqdwlyh ri pdnlqj
wkhp vxemhfw wr wd{ zrxog frpsolfdwh wkh dojheud vrphzkdw exw zrxog qrw dowhu wkh frqfoxvlrqv1


Ai UL4Ti?t@|?} @h@|L?t ) hi*@|i |L |t i^*Mh4 @hi _i€?i_ M)

T  E^c Z ET n |  )  ' 

Lh
) E^c Tc | c   ' Z ET n |  .  E^c   c

ihi .  t |i i Ti?_|hi u?U|L? _@* |L |i ?_hiU| |*|) u?U|L? Ai |h|u*
tUi_*it hi*@|i |L |i i^*Mh4 @hi

 E^c Tc | c   ' 4@ dfc ) E^c Tc | c  o 

5TTLti |@| |i i^*Mh4 UL?|hM|L? *ii*t

S ' E^ c Tc | c  

@hi 3ihL uLh @ ti|  Lu ?__@*t  E|i RT@tti *LMMitc @?_ @hi TLt|i E@?_ |ihiuLhi
i^@* |L |i UL4Ti?t@|?} @h@|L?t uLh @ ti|  ' u   E|i R@U|i *LMMit u ULhti
 @?_  @hi _i|ih4?i_ i?_L}i?Lt*) ? |i i^*Mh4 `i U@h@U|ih3i |i i^*Mh4
t?} hLTLt|L? Lu |i ThiLt tiU|L? L?_|L? E@ Lu |@| ThLTLt|L? _i|ih4?it |i
}Lih?4i?|<t TL*U) ULUic @?_ UL?_|L? EM _i|ih4?it |i UL?|hM|L?t Lu |i *LMMit
`i i @4?i |iti ? |h?c ?_ih |i i@_?}t Lu iUi?U) @?_ _t|hM|L? `*i iUi?U)
@t @*hi@_) Mii? ThLi_c i ?L tL 4Lhi i T*U|*) L @? ?iUi?| ti| Lu TL*Uit U@?
Mi 4ThLi_ TL?
AihiuLhi tTTLti |@| _L4it|U ThUit ? i^*Mh4 _gih uhL4 Lh*_ ThUitS `i ThLi
|@|c }i? |i i^*Mh4 T@)4i?| tUi_*it Lu |i ?__@*t ? uc |i }Lih?4i?| U@? _L
@| *i@t| @t i** E@?_ }i?ih@**) Mi||ih | @ ?L?_t|Lh|?} TL*U) ET c T c |  U !iiTt
@** _L4it|U ThUit i^@* |L |i ULhhitTL?_?} Lh*_ ThUitc @?_ ULLtit |h@?tuiht t|@M*)
At L*@|it L?_|L? E@ Lu hLTLt|L? 
`i _i€?i |i @*|ih?@|i |h@?tuiht M)

T  ET c Z ET  n |  S  ' 

zruog sulfhv sz duh h{rjhqrxvo| qrupdol}hg/ exw hyhq zkhq wkdw lv grqh/ wkhuh lv rqh ghjuhh ri
9 Wkh
iuhhgrp= wkh vfdoh ri wkh zkroh yhfwru +s> t> w, ri grphvwlf sulfhv dqg wudqvihuv fdq eh fkdqjhg zlwkrxw
fkdqjlqj dq| uhdo doorfdwlrqv1 Dv xvxdo/ sursruwlrqdolw| ri +t> s, dqg sz vxfhv iru hflhqf|/ exw htxdolw|
fdq eh fkrvhq zlwkrxw orvv ri jhqhudolw|1

22
uLh @**  5   Oihi i @i S  f uLh |i ?__@*t  5   u L @hi t4T*) ?L| @**Li_
|L *LMM) M) |i h*it Lu |i }@4i( uLh  5 u |i S @hi @t t|@|i_ @MLi
Bi? |t @*|ih?@|i TL*U) Lu |i }Lih?4i?|c @** ?__@*t @i |i t@4i UL4Ti?
t@|?} @h@|L?t @t MiuLhic @?_ |ihiuLhi @** |Lti ? u ** UL?|hM|i |i t@4i @4L?|t @t
MiuLhic 3ihL uLh |Lti ?  Lti UL4Ti?t@|?} @h@|L?t @hi ?L?TLt|ic @?_ }i? M) |i
UL4Ti?t@|?} @h@|L?t S ' S : fc uLh |i  5  ** }i| |i t@4i |*|it @t MiuLhic tL
|i }Lih?4i?|<t LMiU|i u?U|L? |@!it |i t@4i @*i @t MiuLhi W| hi4@?t |L tL |@|
|i TL*U) t@|t€it |i }Lih?4i?|<t M_}i| UL?t|h@?|
+ih|i |i _i€?|L? Lu |i |h@?tuiht @t

| ' .  ET c    Z  ET  n S 

L ?L|i |@|c M) UL?i |) Lu |i ThL€| u?U|L?tc

Z  ET   Z  ET  n ET  T  7  ET


' Z ET   ET  T  7  ET  

54*@h*)c M) UL?U@|) Lu |i i Ti?_|hi u?U|L?tc

.  ET c    .  E^ c   n ET  ^ (


7  E^ c 

' .  E^ c    E^  T  ( E^c U

7  @?_ |i ?UL4Ti?t@|i_ _i4@?_t


MiU@ti |i *ii*t Lu OU!t@? UL4Ti?t@|i_ _i4@?_t (
(  @hi i^@* @| |i Lh}?@* i^*Mh4  Wu  t i|ih ? |i ?L?*LMM)?} ti| E  u Lh
? |i T@tti *LMM)?} ti|  c i @i S ' f tL

.  E^ c   ' U ' Z ET  n | 

L4M??} @** |iti i^@|L?t @?_ ?i^@*|itc i }i|

|  |  E^  T  ( E^c U n ET  T  7  ET  

Wu  t ? |i @U|i *LMM)?} ti| c |i? S t }i? M) |i UL4Ti?t@|?} @h@|L? @MLi
}@? i UL4M?i |i hi*i@?| i^@|L?tc @?_ |i hit*| t |i t@4i ?i^@*|) uLh | @t |i
L?i @MLi

2
6?@**)c @__?} |iti ?i^@*|it uLh @**  5  c
[ [ [ [
|  |  E^  T  (  E^ c U  n ET  T  7  ET   f c
M M M M
t?} |i M_}i| UL?t|h@?| U t t@|t€i_ M) |i i^*Mh4  At ThLit |i ui@tM*|)
Lu |i @*|ih?@|i ?L_t|Lh|L?tc |h@?tuiht L?*) TL*U)
Wu ^ @?_ T @hi ?L| ML| i^@* |L T c @?_ |ihi t tL4i tMt|||L? TLttM*|) ? i|ih
UL?t4T|L? Lh ThL_U|L? uLh @| *i@t| tL4i c |i? @| *i@t| L?i Lu |i ?i^@*|it L? |i
ThL€| @?_ i Ti?_|hi u?U|L?t ** Mi t|hU| Ai? |i @*|ih?@|i TL*U) U@? Mi |h?i_
?|L @ t|hU|*) tTihLh hitTL?ti uLh |i }Lih?4i?| W| U@? ?Uhi@ti | uLh @?)  5   u Lh
 5  t*}|*)c U ?Uhi@tit  c Lh ?Uhi@ti | uLh @?)  5 c U ?Uhi@tit S c ? i@U
U@ti *i@?} @** |i L|ih @h}4i?|t Lu |i }Lih?4i?|<t LMiU|i u?U|L? ?U@?}i_
Ai @h}4i?| t ih) u@4*@h uhL4 t|@?_@h_ @?@*)tit Lu }@?t uhL4 |h@_ic uLh i @4T*i
# | @?_ Lh4@? EbHfc U@T|ih  +i4L@* Lu @ _t|Lh|L? }it UL?t4iht |i LTTLh
|?|) |L @Uii |i t@4i |*|) @| @ *Lih i Ti?_|hic @?_ ThL_Uiht |i LTTLh|?|)
|L ?Uhi@ti |ih ThL€|t Ai }Lih?4i?| U@? |i? @Uii |i t@4i L|UL4i *i @?_
?} L| t4@**ih |h@?tuihtc Lh 4Lhi Tih|?i?|*)c U@? @Uii @ Mi||ih L|UL4i M) ?Uhi@t?}
|h@?tuiht W? |i ?Lh4@|i @?@*)ttc |i }Lih?4i?| U@hi_ L?*) @ML| |i hit*|?} ?Uhi@ti
? ?__@*t< |*|it( ? |i TL*|U@* i^*Mh4 | @*tL U@hit @ML| |i ?Uhi@ti ? |i
UL?|hM|L?t | }i|t uhL4 |i *LMMit

#t|hM|L?
L?_|L? EM Lu hLTLt|L? i*Tt t U@*U*@|i |i ?__@*t< |*|) *ii*t  @?_ |i
}Lih?4i?|<t hiUiT|t uhL4 |i *LMMit Ai UL?_|L? t@)t |@| |i }Lih?4i?|<t |*|)
? i^*Mh4 tL*_ i^@* @| | L*_ }i| M) hitTL?_?} LT|4@**) |L |i i^*Mh4
T@)4i?| tUi_*it Lu @** |i *LMMit i UiT| @?) L?ic i? |@| L?i T@)t ?L|?} Ai ti|
Lu i^@|L?t |t }i?ih@|it @hi |L Mi tL*i_ t4*|@?iLt*) A@| t ? }i?ih@* ?|h@U|@M*ic
@?_ i UL?t_ih @ tL4i@| hit|hU|i_ ThLM*i4 ihi |i tLU@* i*u@hi u?U|L? @?_ |i
}Lih?4i?|<t LMiU|i @hi ML| @__|iG

 ' ` E c 2c    ?  '  n 2 n    ? c

@?_
CEc S7 '  n w S7 

2e
t t t@* ? |t t|@|L?c i @tt4i |@| |i ?__@*t< |*|) u?U|L?t T  E^c U  @hi
t|hU|*) UL?U@i ? U c @?_ |i 4@h}?@* |*|it TU E^c U  }L |L 4 @t U $ fc |t )i*_?}
@? ?|ihLh tL*|L? |L |i }Lih?4i?|<t 4@ 43@|L? ThLM*i4
Nt?} |i iUi?U) hit*| Lu |i ThiLt tMtiU|L?c i ti| T ' ^ ' T c @?_ L4|
|iti @h}4i?|t uhL4 |i @hLt u?U|L?t #i€?i Z ' Z  ET c @?_ |?! Lu |i4 @t |i
?__@*t< i?_L4i?|t Ai? |i ?L?*LMM)iht< ?UL4it @hi Z n | c |i *LMMit< |h|u*
UL?|hM|L? tUi_*it @hi S ' Z n |  .  E c @?_ |i }Lih?4i?|<t ULUi Lu | 4@ 43it
[ [ [
}'  n T  EZ n |  n w d Z n |  .  E  o E 2
Mu  Mu Mu
tMiU| |L PM | ' f
Ai €ht|Lh_ih UL?_|L?t uLh  5 u @hi t| w ' bc U _i€?it |i w@}h@?}i 4*|T*ih
L? |i M_}i| UL?t|h@?| Ai? |i UL?_|L?t uLh  5
* u MiUL4i

TU EZ n |  ' w c

Lh
Z n | ' M  Ew c E  

ihi M  t |i ?ihti Lu ?__@* <t 4@h}?@* |*|) u?U|L? At }it |i UL?t4T|L?
*ii* Lu ?__@*  i? |t ?__@* t ?L| *LMM)?} M| tL4iL?i i*ti t
__?} E   @UhLtt ?__@*t @?_ t?} |i }Lih?4i?|<t M_}i| UL?t|h@?|c i @i
[ [
EZ n |  '   M  Ew c
Mu  Mu
ihi   PM Z  Nt?} |t ? |i |h|u* T@)4i?| tUi_*it Lu |i *LMMitc |i }Lih?
4i?|<t LT|43i_ LMiU|i MiUL4it
5 6
[ [ [ [
}'  n T  EM  Ew n w 7   M  Ew  .  E  8  E e
Mu  Mu  Mu Mu
L i U@? ti L?_|L? EM Lu hLTLt|L?  L?_U| |i uL**L?} |L}| i Tih
4i?| Ah@?tuih @?) L?i ?__@*  uhL4 |i *LMM)?} ti| u |L |i ?L?*LMM)?} ti|   u
wi| @** |i L|ih *LMM)?} ?__@*t @_ihi |L |ih T@)4i?| tUi_*it ? |i Lh}?@* |h|
u* i^*Mh4 `@| t |i }Lih?4i?|<t i*u@hiq Ai @?tih t @*hi@_) !?L?( i t|
ti |i @MLi uLh4*@ E ec tu|?}  uhL4 u |L   u Ai? L?_|L? EU |i**t t |L

2D
i^@|i |i @*i Lu |i }Lih?4i?|<t LMiU|i |@| hit*|t uhL4 |t |L}| i Tih4i?| |L
|i @*i ? |i Lh}?@* ThLM*i4 Ai @__|i tiT@h@M*|) 4@!it |t t4T*iG

  w .  E  ' T  dM  Ewo  w M  Ew 

At t LMLt*) t@|t€i_ M)  ' T  dM  Ewo | |i *iu| @?_ t_i t @ UL?U@i u?U|L?
Lu  @?_ @Uiit |t 4@ 44 i?  ' w _.  *_ c |@| t i? |i 4@h}?@* |*|) Lu
UL?t4T|L? t wc Lh i? UL?t4T|L? t M  Ewc Lh  ' T  dM  Ewo AihiuLhi |i tL*|L?
t ?^i
Ai |ih4 T  dM  Ewo _itUhMit |i |*|) uhL4 |i UL?t4T|L? M  Ew |@| ?__@*
 L*_ }i| u i ihi }i??i*) @ ?L?*LMM)ih @?_ tL4i L|ih ?__@*t ihi @U|i ?
*LMM)?} W? |i i^*Mh4c  ' T  dM  Ewo( ic |i *LMMit u@hi ?L Mi||ih |@? |i) L*_
u |i) ihi TL*|U@**) ?@U|i *i tL4i L|iht *LMMi_- At t ? u@U| |i Lht| L|UL4i
uLh ?__@* c MiU@ti i U@? @*@)t @Uii |i t@4i hit*| M) ?*@|ih@**) hi?L?U?} @?)
*LMM)?} OLiihc tU ?*@|ih@* hi??U@|L? M) @** *LMMit L*_ ?L| Mi @? i^*Mh4c
MiU@ti t|@h|?} uhL4 tU @ TLt|L? i@U L?i L*_ @?| |L *LMM)( |@| t t| |i itti?Ui
Lu @ ThtL?iht< _*i44@
Ai ?||L? t |@| |i *LMMit @hi UL4Ti|?} uLh *4Tt4 |h@?tuihtc U @hi @@*@M*i
? @ UL?t|@?| |L|@* t4 Ai }Lih?4i?| U@? 4T*U|*) M| Uhi_M*) |hi@|i? i@U *LMM)
|@| | ** U| | L| @?_ _i@* | @** |i L|ih *LMMitc @?_ |ihiM) i |h@U| @** |i thT*t
|@| |i *LMM) TL|i?|@**) t|@?_t |L }@? W? L|ih Lh_tc |i *LMMit @hi ? @ 3ihLt4 }@4i
U |h?t ?|L @ ThtL?iht< _*i44@ Ai) L*_ @** Mi Mi||ih Lg u |i) UL*_ @** UL44|
?L| |L *LMM) @| @**c i? |i }Lih?4i?| L*_ }i| ?L T@)4i?|t @?_ t| 4@ 43i tLU@*
i*u@hi W| t |i i t|i?Ui Lu L|ih *LMMit |@| i?@M*it |i }Lih?4i?| |L Tt i@U *LMM)
|L @? ii? *Lih *ii* Lu i*u@hi
L|i |@| uLh Lh |L}| i Tih4i?| |L Lh!c |ihi 4t| Mi @| *i@t| |L *LMMit ? |i
?|@* i^*Mh4 Wu |ihi t t| L?i *LMM)c |L| | |i }Lih?4i?| U@? _L ?L Mi||ih
|@? |L 4@ 43i tLU@* i*u@hic @?_ ? i^*Mh4 |i *LMM) U@? U@T|hi @** |i thT*t
?ihi?| ? |i hi*@|L?tT Mi|ii? |i |L | @t tLL? @t |ihi @hi |L Lh 4Lhi *LMMitc
i@U *Ltit @** |i TLih @?_ |i }Lih?4i?| }i|t @** |i thT*t ? |i uLh4 Lu UL?|hM|L?t
6Lh 4Lhi }i?ih@* ?L?*?i@h LMiU|i u?U|L?tc |i hit*| U@? Mi _gihi?| ? _i|@*
Aihi ** t|** Mi @ ThtL?iht< _*i44@ ? |i *LMMit UL4Ti||L? uLh |h@?tuihtc @*|L} |
4@) Mi *itt tiihi |@? ? Lh i @4T*i ihi | hi_Ui_ i@U *LMM)ih |L |i Lht| TLttM*i

2S
L|UL4i Wu |i TL*U) ?t|h4i?|t Uhi@|i _t|Lh|L?tc |i }Lih?4i?| }i? |t UL?Uih? uLh
tLU@* i*u@hi t _t?U*?i_ |L ti |i4 |L i |hi4it At tihit |L 4L_ih@|i |i *LMMit<
UL4Ti||L?c @?_ @**L |i4 |L }i| tL4i }@?tc @t @t |i U@ti | |@hgt ? BhLtt4@? @?_
Oi*T4@? Ebbec Lh ThL_U|L? tMt_it ? # | EbbD
h €?_?} U@t|t |i iUi?U) hit*| Lu |i ThiLt tMtiU|L? ? @ ih) _gihi?| *}|
,i? |L} |i iUL?L4) @t @ L*i 4@) i M| }hi@|ih iUi?U) i? |i *LMMit @i
@UUitt |Lc @?_ |ihiuLhi LM|@? ? i^*Mh4c ?L?_t|Lh|?} *4Tt4 ?t|h4i?|tc |i
*LMMit u@hi TLLh*) @t @ hit*| Wu |i) U@? *LL! @i@_c @?_ h|i i @?|i @ UL?t|||L? uLh
*LMM)?} tL |@| |i) MiUL4i UL44||i_ |L |Lti h*it Lu |i }@4ic |i) ** ?@?4Lt*)
@}hii |L @ h*i U ThLM|t *LMM)?} uLh _hiU| |h@?tuihtc @?_ ?t|i@_ hit|hU|t *LMM)?}
|L _t|Lh|?} TL*Uit 6@h uhL4 t|u)?} @? iUi?| L|UL4ic |i hit*| t}}it|t @?L|ih
hi@tL? ) i 4}| i TiU| ?iUi?| TL*Uit |L i4ih}i ? @ TL*|U@* i^*Mh4.

e L?U*_?} L44i?|t
W? |t T@Tih i i |i?_i_ |i |iLh) Lu UL44L? @}i?U) ?_ih UL4T*i|i ?uLh4@|L? |L
@?_*i t|@|L?t ihi Thiuihi?Uit @hi ?L| ^@t*?i@h @?_ |*|) t ?L?|h@?tuih@M*i `i
ThLi_ |@| @? i^*Mh4 ? |h|u* tUi_*it @Uiit @? L|UL4i |@| t iUi?| uLh
|i @}i?| @?_ @** |i Th?UT@*t |@!i? |L}i|ih Ai Th?UT@*t< |*|it ? i^*Mh4 @hi
4T*U|*) _i|ih4?i_ M) @ ti| Lu t4*|@?iLt i^@|L?t
`i @TT*i_ |t |iLh) |L UL?t|hU| @ TLt|i 4L_i* Lu TM*U €?@?Uic ihi |i }L
ih?4i?| ULLtit UL44L_|) |@ it @?_ *4Tt4 |h@?tuiht ? hitTL?ti |L *LMM)?} UL?|h
M|L?t uhL4 @ tMti| Lu ?__@*t Ai iUi?U) hit*| 4T*it |@| ii? ? |t TL*|
U@* i^*Mh4 |i }Lih?4i?| tit |t @@*@M*i ?t|h4i?|t ? @ @hi|L LT|4@* u@tL?(
? T@h|U*@hc | _Lit ?L| ti _t|Lh|L?@h) |@ it Lh tMt_it u ?L?_t|Lh|?} ?__@*
3i_ *4Tt4 |h@?tuiht @hi @@*@M*i OLiihc i uL?_ |@| |i *LMMit< UL4Ti||L? uLh
*4Tt4 |h@?tuiht |h?t ?|L @ 4|@**) @h4u* ThtL?iht< _*i44@ Wu |ihi t @? i@h*ih
UL?t|||L?h|?} t|@}i Lu |i TL*|U@* }@4ic @** *LMMit ** @}hii @| |@| TL?| |L ThLM|
|i ti Lu tU |h@?tuiht
: Kdpprqg +4<:<, dujxhv wkdw lqglylgxdol}hg oxps0vxp wudqvihuv duh lqihdvleoh iru lqirupdwlrqdo uhd0
vrqv1 Vhh dovr Frdwh dqg Pruulv +4<<8, iru dq lqirupdwlrqdo uhdvrq dqg Gl{lw dqg Orqguhjdq +4<<8, iru d
frpplwphqw uhdvrq zk| wkh srolwlfdo surfhvv xvhv lqhflhqw lqvwuxphqwv1

2.
Ai 4L_i* ThL4tit 4@?) uh|u* i |i?tL?t @?_ L|ih @TT*U@|L?t W? |i UL?|i | Lu
TM*U iUL?L4Utc @ TLt|i @?@*)tt Lu TL*Uit ? @? iUL?L4) | i |ih?@*|it Lh L|ih
_t|Lh|L?t tii4t T@h|U*@h*) 4TLh|@?| Ai iUi?U) hit*| t}}it|t |@| |i TL*|U@*
ThLUitt ** ti |i @TThLTh@|i }L@? |@ it Lh tMt_it |L ?|ih?@*3i i |ih?@*|it |
tU |@ it @?_ tMt_it @i |ih L? _t|hM|L?@* 4T*U@|L?t Wu *4Tt4 |h@?tuiht
@hi ?L| @@*@M*i MiU@ti |i UL?t|||L? Lu *LMM)?} @t h*i_ |i4 L|c Lh uLh @?) Lu |i
hi@tL?t _tUtti_ ? 6LL|?L|i . @MLic |i? |i TL*|Ut Lu *LMM)?} uLh Lh @}@?t| }L@?
|@ @|L? MiUL4it 4Lhi ?|hU@|i @?_ ?|ihit|?}
6?@**)c i @i tTiU€i_ i L}i?Lt*) |i ti| Lu ?__@*t L ihi @**Li_ |L *LMM)
? i?_L}i?Lt |iLh) Lu |i uLh4@|L? Lu *LMMit hi4@?t @? 4TLh|@?| T@h| Lu u|hi
hiti@hU `i Mi*ii |@| Lh |iLh) ** uLh4 @ tiu* UL4TL?i?| Lu tU 4Lhi }i?ih@*
@?@*)tit

2H
+iuihi?Uit
ih?i4c  #L}*@t @?_ U@i* `?t|L? bHS Ri? U|L?tc +itLhUi **LU@|L?c
@?_ ,UL?L4U W?i?Uic "@h|ih*) aLh?@* Lu ,UL?L4Utc L* fc ?L c 6iMh@h)c
TT  

L@|ic 5|iTi? @?_ 5|iTi? Lhht bbD R? |i 6Lh4 Lu Ah@?tuiht |L 5TiU@* W?|ihit|t
aLh?@* Lu L*|U@* ,UL?L4)c L* f c ?L Sc #iUi4Mihc TT 2f 2 D

#@4L?_c i|ih  @?_ a@4it  hh*iit b. RT|4@* A@ @|L? @?_ M*U hL_U
|L?c 4ihU@? ,UL?L4U +iic L* Sc ?L c @hUc TT H 2. @?_ ?L ec 5iT|i4Mihc
TT 2S 2.H

# |c ?@t k bbD R5TiU@*W?|ihit| wLMM)?} @?_ ,?_L}i?Lt L44L_|) A@ @|L?


`Lh!?} T@Tihc h?Ui|L? N?iht|)

# |c ?@t k @?_ VU|Lh # Lh4@? bHf AiLh) Lu W?|ih?@|L?@* Ah@_i @4Mh_}ic
NkG @4Mh_}i N?iht|) hitt

# |c ?@t k @?_ aL?  wL?_hi}@? bbD R+i_t|hM|i L*|Ut @?_ ,UL?L4U
,Ui?U) 4ihU@? L*|U@* 5Ui?Ui +iic L* Hbc ?L ec #iUi4Mihc TT HDS HSS

BhLtt4@?c Bi?i  @?_ ,*@?@? Oi*T4@? bbe RhL|iU|L? uLh 5@*i 4ihU@? ,UL?L4U
+iic L* Hec ?L ec 5iT|i4Mihc TT H HDf

O@44L?_c i|ih a b.b R5|h@}|uLh@h_ W?__@* W?Ui?|i L4T@|M*|) ? w@h}i


,UL?L4it +ii Lu ,UL?L4U 5|_itc L* e.c ?L 2c Th*c TT 2S 2H2

2b

You might also like