NORTH SOUTH UNIVERSITY (BLOOD GROUP)

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH

Fall 2020, Lab Manual (PBH101L)

 Experiment name: Blood Grouping Techniques

 Introduction or Executive Summary:

Blood is a liquid connective tissue that carries out a wide range of functions in out body. RBCs
or red blood corpuscles constitute the major portion of blood. There are a number of antigens
present on the surface of the RBCs. Antigens are proteins present on the surface of the cell,
which induce the production of antibody, which are also protein, usually floating in the plasma.
Presence of these antigen and antibody determines out major blood groups, i.e. ABO and Rh
groups. Knowing one’s blood group is immensely important as it can save valuable time when
someone’s requires blood or when someone wants to donate blood.

 Apparatus and Reagents:

For determining the blood group, we need the following apparatus:
 Blood grouping test kit: This kit contains the following three antibodies
o Anti-A Antibody (Antibody against Antigen “A”)
o Anti-B Antibody (Antibody against Antigen “B”)
o Anti-D Antibody (Antibody against Antigen “D”)
 Lancet and Lancet drive
 Alcohol pad
 Glass slide
 Cotton strip (Band-Aid)
 Toothpick (for mixing blood and antibody)

 Procedure or Methods:
1. The participant was informed about the procedure and verbal consent was obtained from
the participant.

2. The lancet was put in the lancet drive which was then set at “5”. After that, the covering tip
was removed from the lancet and it.

3. Necessary aseptic precaution was taken before pricking the finger for blood. First the finger
was cleaned with alcohol pad. After the finger had dried, the side of the finger was pricked
using the lancet drive, and three separate drops of blood was collected on the glass slide.
Dispose of the lancet appropriately.

4. Bleeding was stopped by pressing the alcohol pad against the finger. A Band-Aid (cotton
strip) was then applied to the finger. The participant was thanked for his/her participation.

5. One drop of Anti-A Antibody, Anti-B Antibody and Anti-D Antibody was added
exclusively to each drop of blood on the glass slide. Special attention was paid to make
sure that the tip of the dropper does not touch the blood drops.

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 6. Using a toothpick, the blood drop and the antibody was mixed properly. After mixing the
glass slide was shaken slowly to determine if clumping has taken place in any of the blood
drops.

 Finding or Observation:
[Write the particulars of the participants (name, age and sex) and findings of the experiment,
i.e. addition of which antibody(ies) result(s) in clumping. You might draw a diagram as well
showing the reaction in each of the antibodies separately]

 Interpretation of the finding:

[Interpretation of finding and determining the blood group with explanation, i.e. which
antigens are present and which antigens are absent in the blood. You are encouraged to draw
the following chart for better demonstration of your understanding]

Reagent →
A-antibody B-antibody D-antibody
Blood group ↓

A positive

A negative

B positive

B negative

O positive

O negative

AB positive

AB negative

 Conclusion or Remarks:
[Conclude the report with your own remarks. You can mention the blood group again and
mention which group the person can donate plasma and RBC to and which blood groups he
can receive those items from. If the participant is a female with negative blood group you can
talk about Rh incompatibility]

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