Architecture less smart system for

Green and clean environment (smart

city solution)

Project Proposal

Supervisor
Dr Zahid

Submitted by
1st Nouman Rasheed
{26}

2nd Hassan Javed

{16}

Session 2017-2021

University of Kotli Azad Jammu and Kashmir

Faculty of Computing & Engineering
Department of CS&IT

16 April 2021
1. Introduction

We are proposing a system, where drone replaces the existing architecture-

oriented systems. Proposed system uses a trained smart camera which detect
the Garbage in the bins and the surroundings through drone footage. This
system will replace the previous methods of measuring volume of waste
through sensors which are fixed in bins and the chances of damaging of the
Sensor are likely more.

Measurement of waste level with a color-coded system that will be implanted

in the bins. The architecture of bin is consisting of a base which connected
with a spring balance of color-coded plate. When the bin start filling with
garbage the color-coded plate will rise and show the color level (Green,
Yellow, Orange, Red) from which camera can detect the level and weight of
garbage. Through this data effective actions can be taken by the municipal
corporation department of the city.

People most often throw garbage carelessly and most of the garbage do not go
into the bins hence measurement of waste is not accurate in traditional system.
Through AI camera we are also detecting the waste near the garbage bins also,
and from the detected data we can measure the spread of waste near the bins
also. Hance providing the accurate results.

2. Literature/background studies/review/ Related Work

A country like Pakistan where due to lack of IoT solution, it is not easy to
deploy such solution where architecture-oriented system faces a lot of safety
issues. Departments face difficulty to handle such systems where a lot of smart
systems are deployed and keeping them safe in open areas is not possible.
Based on above mention limitation, there should be a system that can handle,
dispose of garbage efficiently and this could be possible if there should an
architecture-less garbage detection system.

3. Objective

We are Planning to achieve the following goals at the end.

 Garbage/waste detection
 Waste/Garbage Recognition
 Measurement of garbage level
 Smart garbage bin with a color-coded system
 Obstacle avoidance drone
 Collaboration with administrator and waste management vehicles
 No physical architecture required to make the system smart like
sensors etc.
4. Problem Description

Garbage handling is a big challenge in cites as well as Villages, there are

several IoT oriented waste management systems working in developed
countries using smart devices such as sensors and IoT devices which an
architecture-oriented solution. Country like Pakistan where due to lack
security and resources, it is not easy to deploy such solution because these
architecture-oriented systems face lot of safety issues. Departments also have
difficulty to handle such systems where lot of smart systems are deployed and
keeping them safe in most of areas is not possible and hence costly method.

On the bases of above mention limitation, there should be a system that can
handle, dispose of garbage efficiently and this could be possible if there is an
architecture-less garbage detection system.

5. Methodology

Garbage/waste detection:
 Through ai camera detect the waste material or product.

Measurement of waste level:

 Through camera measure the level of waste product and how much
area it covers. And what is the mass of waste?

Obstacle avoidance:
 Through sensors we can avoid the collision with birds, walls, trees, and
electricity wires to protect our drone.

Future Works

Location of waste:
 Area of the waste. River’s pollution measurement:
 Most of the garbage is located on the rivers side we must locate and
measure the amount waste product. etc.

Autonomous Drone Flight System:

 A more effective method to schedule the drone for daily inspection of
the Areas.

6. Project Scope

This project plays an important role in smart city solutions as it is helpful in

managing garbage and tells what percent of the city is polluted. It also records
air pollution in the environment and keeps track of the daily percentage of
gasses in the air. Other benefits include:

 Replacing the Sensor-based Garbage bins. Which was the architecture-

based system.
  Architecture-less system.
 Accurate measurement of waste from in and out garbage bins.
 Improved waste management
 Obstacle avoidance to keep the drone away from objects and keeping it
safe.

7. Feasibility Study

i. Risks Involved: We need aerial images to correctly identify and

detect garbage from the drone. But we are unable to find such images
to create our dataset. We are using the images captured from the land
to detect the garbage. Hance can be a problem in using the dataset with
drones. But as soon as we get the NIGIRI funding accepted we will be
able to create the dataset of aerial images for accurate detection.

ii. Resource Requirement: We need the approval of NGIRI funding

to pursue with the hardware part. In case we do not get the funding, we
are planning to shorten the project on Phone camera, instead of using
drone, for testing Our smart system.

8. Solution Application Areas

Smart City Are Increasing day by day and the need of smart system to manage
these cities are needed more and more. Hence this project can be used in smart
cities. This can also be used in the areas where human involvement is very less
or none to inspect and cleaning of garbage.

9. Tools/Technology

The final product will be a device having the following hardware and software
components:

 Batteries: These batteries will power the programmable bed and

motors.
 Programmable hardware kit Raspberry pi: To work as a
microcontroller and ide to run on a computer.
 GSM controller/wi-fi module: Used for communication over GSM
and/or internet.
 Desktop interface: To analyze the data from the drone camera feed.
 HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Distance Sensor: To avoid obstacles in the way
of drone.
 DJI F550 Hexa-copter complete Kit: This kit will contain DC
motors, propellers, and a Hexa-copter frame.
 8MP Pi Camera: For detection of garbage and level detection
 APM 2.8 Flight Controller with Accessories: One piece of APM 2.8,
One piece of shock absorber, One piece of M8N Ublox GPS, One GPS
vertical fitting, One piece of JR male to male jumper wire 10cm.
10. Expertise of the Team Members

Team Members:
 Nouman Rasheed: Have experience with Computer Vision using
Python and its Libraries (NumPy, matplotlib, Pandas, Pytorch, skit-
learn, seaborn, OpenCV) etc. and Framework include Django, Flask
etc. I worked on Data cleaning, Data mining, creating computer vision
models, I worked on YOLO, CNN’s.
 Hassan Javed: Have experience with Computer Vision using Python
and its Libraries (NumPy, matplotlib, Pandas, skit-learn, seaborn,
OpenCV) etc. and Framework include Django, Flask etc. I worked on
Data cleaning, Data mining, creating computer vision models, I
worked on YOLO, CNN’s.

11. Milestones
“Gantt Chart”

11. References
Use any reference manager and mention all the literature or web references
here. The references should be properly numbered and correctly used in the
text.

Reference text should be written in quotes and indented, and the references
marked in [square brackets]. “Reference material” [1].

The Reference section should be in the following fashion:

 Book: Last Name, First Name. “Tide of Book”. City: Publisher,
Copyright Date. Page numbers
 Magazine/ Newspaper Article: Author's last name, Author's first name.
"Title of article," Name of magazine/newspaper, date of
magazine/newspaper, page number(s).
 Internet Web page: Author. “Title of Web page”. Date on the page.
Company associated (if any). Date you last saw the page. URL.
 Online Magazine or Newspaper Articles: Author's last name, Author's
first name. "Title of article." Name of magazine, date of magazine,
page numbers. Reproduced in Name of Database. Library where
database was accessed, location of library. Date of access.