English for Chemical Engineering- Unit 2

UNIT 2: ELEMENTS, COMPOUNDS AND MIXTURES

- Majority : phần lớn, đa số ≠ Minority

The great number the majority of cases
Ex: The majority of people seem to prefer TV to radio.
- Separate (a) : not joined or united with others.
(v) : move, come apart, make or become detached or disconnect; divide into
constituent or distince elements.

- Brick (n): a small retangular block of fired clay : gạch

- Tile : a thin square or retangular slab of baked clay for covering roof.
- Nail: (n) a small metal spike with a broadened flat head, driven into wood to join
things together : đinh

Rust, such as that formed by the iron nail, when heated

Rust which is formed…......, when it is heated
Rust, which is formed………….nail, forms water vapour and brown iron oxide
when it is heated.

- To occur free in air

- To set free = to release
- Baromater: an instrument measuring atmospheric pressure: phong vũ biểu, khí áp kế
- Thermometer: an instrument measuring and indicating temp. : hàn thử biểu, nhiệt
kế.
- Bromine: brom

- Class (n): type, category: chủng lọai, thứ hạng, nhóm, dạng, loại
- Soot (n): a powdery black substance, composed chiefly of carbon and formed by the
incomplete combustion of wood, cool, oil : bồ hóng
- Putty – like : bóng láng, mềm
+Putty (n): bột đánh bóng kính, kim loại

- Phosphorus : P
+ Amorphous phosphorus : P vô định hình
+ red = ordinary-Phosphorus
+ white polymorphism
+ black
+ phosphorous (a): relating to or containing phosphorus PO33- : photphorơ

- Sulphur: S (US: sulfur – chemistry)

+ sulfuric acid : H2SO4
+ sulfuric anhydride : SO3
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+ sulfur dioxide : SO2

+ sulfurous acid : H2SO3
+ sulfate / sulphate : sunfat : SO42- calcium sulfate : CaSO4
2-
+ sulfide = sulphide : S sulfide ore
2-
+ sulfite : SO3
+ anhydrite: with mineral consisting of anhydrous calcium sulphate

- distinct (a): recognizable different in nature, clearly seen to be different

- rare (a): occuring very infrequently
existing in small numbers and so of interest or value.
- Proportion (n): the ratio of one thing to another.

- Pure (a): not mixed any other substance or material.

Atmosphere (n): không khí
Atmospheric (a)
- Inert (a): chemically inactive : trơ
Argon is an inert gas.

- Water vapour = steam

+ vapour : can be liquidfied by pressure alone
+ Gas: can not be liquidfied by pressure alone + other conditions
- Sodium chloride: clorua Cl-
+ chlorite : khoáng clorite : dark green mineral found in many rocks, consisting
of an aluminosilicate of magnesium and iron.
+ chlorine: Cl
- fixed: definite
- retain (v) = keep
- individual (a): single, separate
- to reduce: khử: cause to combine chemically, hydrogen: hoàn nguyên
reducing agent: tác nhân khử
+ reduction # oxidization
+ reducer: chất khử
+ reducible (a)
+ reducibility (n)
+ reducing atmostphere : môi trường khử
bath : bể khử
gas :
sugar : đường khử
+ reductant (n): chất khử, tác nhân khử
+ reductibility (n): tính khử
- recover (v): return to a normal state of health, mind, strength form.
+Recovery (n)
- Contain (v): chứa
- Define: xác định
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- Universe (n): all existing matter and space considered as a whole : vũ trụ

- Mass: khối lượng

- Occupy (v): to fill, take up: chiếm (chỗ)
- Decompose (v): break down into component

elements : phân hủy

- Limestone: đá vôi – CaCO3: calcium carbonate

- Origin (n): the point where sth begins or arises.
original (a), (n): existing from the beginning, first or earliest.
originate (v)

- to restore (v): to return to a former condition or position

: hoàn lại, phục hồi lại, xây dựng lại
= to recover.
- Dry table salt: muối ăn : the most familiar use of salts is in the kitchen and on the
dining table

- Flour = powder
+ wheat flour
- filing (n) mạt giũa: tiny pieces removed by a file (cây giũa)
- stir (v): move an implement round and round in a liquid or other substance in oder to
mix it thoroughly.
+ stirred reactor: bình phản ứng có khuấy trộn
+ stirrer: đũa khuấy, máy khuấy, máy trộn.
+ stirring arm: cánh khuấy
+ stirring device/machine: thiết bị khuấy / trộn
+ stirring motion: chuyển động xoáy
+ arm stirrer: máy trộn kiểu cánh quạt

- bowl: chén, bát

- mean: 1. condition, quality
2. (B.E) (a): unwilling to give or share things, especially money
+poor in quality and appearance.
+ : (informal): excellent.
3. (mathematic): the average of a set of quantities: điều kiện, tính chất
nằm giữa hai cực đoan, trung gian, trung bình.
+ the mean temperature: nhiệt độ trung bình.
+ mean time: thời gian trung bình
+ Log mean temperature difference: chênh lệch nhiệt độ trung bình
logarit
+ (phrase): no mean: very good of its kind

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- tantalum/tantalium: Ta, atomic number = 73: transition metal

- Tantalium : is a chemical element in the periodic table that has a symbol Ta and
atomic number is 73. It’s a transition metal with high corrosion-resistance.
- in addition to: ngoài, thêm vào
- To filter: pass through a filter.
To filter in / out / through

- To leave s.o / sth. behind : go away from a place without taking s.o / sth.
The difference between A and B is ___________
A differs from B in ___________
- Lead (n): Pb, chì

TYPICAL METALS (KIM LOẠI ĐIỂN HÌNH)

- aluminium = aluminum (A.E)

- strength: sức mạnh, độ bền, giới hạn bền, sức bền, sức chịu (lực)
+ bond strength: độ bền liên kết
+ bending : uốn
+ breaking : đứt, xé rách
+ bearing
compressing
compressive strength : nén
compression
creep
creeping rão

- crushing: nén vỡ
- rupture: giới hạn độ bền nứt / lâu dài
- shear(ing): độ bền trượt
- tensile: độ bền kéo đứt
- torsion: độ bền xoắn
- flexural: giới hạn bền uốn
+ nồng độ: alkali strength: nồng độ kiềm
solution strength: nồng độ dung dịch

- resist: fight against

- corrosion: ăn mòn
to corrode: to destroy or be destroyed slowly by chemical action.
- Item: thing, part, article.
- Salmon- pink: màu hồng cá mòi

- Coppers (n): coins of low value made of copper or bronze (đồng đỏ)
+ Brass: đồng trắng (đồng thau)

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- To modify: to change slightly

- Tough: cứng ngắt toughen (v) = harden (v)

- Sky – crapper = tall building with many store

ys : nhà chọc trời
- Freshly = newly
- Scratch (v) = to make on the surface with a sharp object.

- Plumb (n) : ống

-Keel = steel structure of a ship
-Solder (n) = alloy easily melted based on lead and tin used to join harder metals.

-Dull: mờ, tối, buồn

-Readily: immediately, easily and quickly
-Ribbon: dây dài
- Flare (n) hỏa châu

- Amalgam: alloy of mercury with another metal, especially one used for dental
fillings: hỗn hống
- Coinage (v): process of producing coins
- Caustic soda: sodium hydroxide : sút ăn da

- To be protected from sth/ s.o by sth/s.o

- Galvanize (v) : to form a covering coat / film with metal by using electricity
- To dip = to put into
- Molten = nóng chảy

TYPICAL NON – METALS

- Transparent (a): trong suốt : allow light to pass through so that the objects
behind can be seen clearly.
- Charcoal: than củi
- Fuel: nhiên liệu
- Chemicals (n) : hóa chất
-Synthetic (a) : tổng hợp synthesis (n) (n, pl) syntheses
- To bleach (v) = to make white : tẩy trắng
- Disinfect (v) : khử trùng # infect : nhiễm trùng
+Infection (n)
- Balloon : khí cầu

Four – fifths : 4/5

One – fifth : 1/5
Two – fifths : 2/5
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- Essential: very necessary, important: cần thiết

- Crust (n): hard cover (vỏ trái đất)
- Exist (v) : tồn tại
Existence (n), Existent (a), Coexistence

- To catch fire : bắt lửa, cháy

- To ignite = to inflame
- Match: que diêm
- To preserve = to keep for a long time: bảo quản

- Allotrope (n)
+ allo- (prefix) : other, different
+ -trope : way, use, manner
allotrope: thù hình

- Polymorphism (n): đa hình

+ polymorphic transformation: biến đổi đa (thù) hình
- vulcanize (v) harden rubber by treating it with sulfur at high temperature : lưu hóa

- fungicide :a substance that kill fungi

+ fungi (n, pl.) : nấm + fungus (n, sing.)
+ - cide: denoting a person or substance that kills or an act of killing
+ pesticide pest : sâu bọ, loài vật gây hại
+ insecticide insect: côn trùng
+ suicide : tự sát

- To respire: hô hấp
+ hít vào : to inhale, inspire, breathe in.
+ thở ra: to exhale, expire, to breath out.
- Vital (a): absolutely necessary, essential = indespensable
- Support (a): hỗ trợ

- Chlorine: Cl2
- Resist (v): to fight against, withstand the action or effect of
+ Resistance (n), resistant (a)
- In terms of : with regard to the aspect or subject specified
+ term: 1. thuật ngữ
2. học kì
3. khía cạnh

- civilization: nền văn minh

- vigorous (a): strong