Có Một Đấng Tạo Hóa

ˆ ˜ ˆ ´
Tinh Van Eagle (M16) “Nh ng c ot

tr u c ua s s ang t ao”

´ ˆ
´ Co mot

Ð ang
ˆ
T

ao
H oa
ˆ
quan tam en ban
khong?
´ ˆ
Co mot

´
Ð ang
ˆ
T

ao
H oa
ˆ
quan tam en ban
khong?
5 1998
WATCH TOWER BIBLE AND TRACT S OCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA
` ˜
N HA XUAT BAN GI BAN QUY EN
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
CO MOT
ÐANG TAO
HOA QUAN TAM ÐEN BAN
KHONG ?
`
NHA XUAT BAN
WATCHTOWER BIBLE AND TRACT SOCIETY OF N EW YORK, INC.
B ROOKLYN, N EW YORK, U.S. A .
˘
In n am 2006
` ´ ` ˆ ˆ ´
An ph am n ay
c
ph at h anh nh am ay m anh cong vi ec day
do Kinh Th anh
ˆ ´ ` ´ ´ ` ˆ
tr en kh ap th e gi
i, t ai tr
do s ong g op t ınh nguyen.
´ ` ` `
Ngu on g oc c ac h ınh anh: T rang b ıa: J. Hest er v a P. Scowen (Ð ai
H oc
AZ Stat e),
`
NASA; trang 22: NASA phot o; trang 86: L. Fer rarese (Ð ai
H oc
Johns Hopkins) v a
NASA; trang 89: U.S. National Archives phot o; trang 107: WHO phot o by Edouard
ˆ ´
Boubat; trang 110: Cu on s ach: Cour t esy of the Shr ine of the Book, Israel Museum,
Jerusalem; trang 115: Courtesy of The British Museum; trang 163: Courtesy: Garden
Tomb
` ˜ ´ ˆ ´ ´
T R KHI ÐC GHI R O, C AC C AU K INH T H ANH TR ICH D AN TRONG
´ ` ` ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ ` ˜
SACH NAY L A CUA BAN LI EN HI EP T HANH K INH HOI.
NW L A CH VI ET TAT C UA
NEW WORLD TRANSLATION OF THE HOLY SCRIPTURES —WITH REFERENCES
´ ´ ´ ´
(BAN DICH
KINH THANH THE GII MI CO PHAN THAM KHAO)
IS THERE A CREATOR WHO CARES ABOUT YOU ? VIETNAMESE (ct-VT)

M ADE IN THE U NITED S TATES OF A MERICA
`
IN TAI
HOA K Y
M U C L U C
CH NG TRANG
` ´ ` ´ ´ ˜
1 Ðieu gı co the tao
cho i song ban
co y nghıa? 5
˜
´ ˜ ˆ `
2 Vu tru cua chung ta a xuat hien
nh the nao?
ˆ ˆ
—Cuoc tranh luan
10
ˆ `

3 Ðau la nguon cua s song? 28
` ˆ ´
4 Con ngi ban
oc
ao biet bao! 49
ˆ ` ´ ˆ ` ´
5 Cong trınh sang tao—Do
au ma co? 73
ˆ
´
6 Mot
l ich s xa xa ve s sang tao

´ ˆ ˆ
—Ban co the tin cay khong? 85
´ `
7 Ban
co the hoc
c
gı ve
´ ` ˆ ´
Ðang Tao Hoa t mot quyen sach? 103
´ ˆ `
8 Ðang Tao Hoa tiet lo ve Ngai
` ´
´
—Vı li
ıch c ua chung ta! 120
ˆ ´ ´ ´
9 Mot
Thay day ln giup chung ta
´ ˜
biet Ðang Tao
Hoa ro hn 144
´ ˆ
10 Neu Ðang Tao Hoa quan tam,
´ ´
tai
sao lai
co qua nhieu au kho? 165
` ´ ´ ˜ ˜ ˜
11 Tao
cho i song ban
co y nghıa mai mai 184
ˆ
C H N G M O T
` ´
Ðieu gı co the tao cho
` ´ ´ ˜
i song ban co y nghıa?
´ ´
ˆ ` ˘
BAN co m c hng mot i song tot hn, hoac ni
˘
ˆ ´ ` ˆ ´
ban ang song hoac mot ni lac thu vung nhiet i
ˆ ´ ˜ ` ´ ´ ´
khong? Ða so chung ta a tng co luc m c ieu ay.
` ˘ ˜ ` ´ ˜
Vao nam 1891, hoa sı ngi Phap Paul Gauguin a i
` ˆ `
ˆ ´
tım mot i song nh the Polynesia thuoc Phap. Nhng
ˆ ˆ
ˆ ´
chang c bao lau ong phai oi dien vi thc tai. Loi
´ ´
ˆ ˜ ˆ ˆ ˆ
song oi bai trong qua kh cua ong a gay ra benh tat
` ´ ˆ ` ˜ ` ´
va au kho cho chınh ong va nhng ngi khac. Khi cam

´ ˆ ˜ ˆ ´
thay cai chet ang en gan, ong ve mot bc tranh c
ˆ
` ˆ `

´ ˆ
mieu ta la mot “s dien at cuoi cung cua cam hng nghe
ˆ ´
thuat”. Sach Paul Gauguin 1848-1903—The Primitive
´ ´
` ˆ ˆ
Sophisticate noi: “Bc tranh dien ta toan bo hoat ong

` ` ` ` ` ´ ` `
cua con ngi, to ˆ an the chu ky i song, t luc chao i
´ ´
` ` ` ˆ ´ ´
en luc chet... Ong ly giai i ngi la mot bı an ln”.
˘ ˆ ´ ` ´ ` ˆ
Gauguin at t en b c tranh l a “Ch ung ta t au en?
´ ` ´ ˜ ˆ
Chung ta la ai? Chung ta se i ve au?”1
˜ ˆ
´ ´ ˆ `
Nhng cau hoi o nghe co the quen thuoc. Nhieu ngi
˜ ˘ ˜ ˆ
` ˆ
biet suy nghı at nhng cau hoi ay. Sau khi nhın nhan
˜ ˆ ` ˜ ˆ
` ` ˆ
nhng tien bo khoa hoc va ky thuat cua loai ngi, mot

´ ` ˜
v i chu but t The Wall Street Journal viet: “Khi nghı ve
` ` ` ´ ˜

loai ngi, ve tınh trang tien thoai lng nan cua ho, ve

˜ ` ´ ˜ ˆ
v i the cua ho trong vu tru, thı chung ta a khong tien xa
` ´ ´ ´ `
hn thi ban au mi co s song. Chung ta van con ang

´ ` ´ ˆ ˜ ` ´
t hoi: chung ta la ai, tai sao chung ta hien hu va chung
˜ ˆ
ta se i ve au”.
´ ` ˆ ` ˆ ´ ` ˆ ˘ ´
Ðung la mot so ngi e het tam trı vao viec cham soc
` ˘ ˜
gia ınh, kiem ke sinh nhai, du l ich hoac theo uoi nhng

´ ´ ˆ ´ ` `
´ ´ ˜
s thıch ca nhan khac, vı ho xem i song chı co y nghıa
` `
1 D’ou venons-nous? Que sommes-nous? Ou allons-nous?
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
6 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
ˆ ˆ ˜ ´ ˜ `
Hoa
pham cua Gauguin neu len nhng thac mac ve y nghıa cua i song
ˆ ´ ´ ` ` `
the thoi. Albert Einstein co lan noi: “Ng
i nao xem
i
` ˆ ˜ ` ˆ ˜ ´ `
song mınh vo nghıa, thı khong nhng mat hanh phuc ma
` ˆ ´ ˘ ´ ` ` ´
con khong co kha nang e chong choi v
i
i”. Cung y
´ ˆ ` ` ` ` ´ ´
h
ng ay, mot so ng
i co lam cho
i song mınh co y
˜ ´ ˆ ˆ ˆ ´
nghıa bang cach theo uoi nghe thuat, nghien cu khoa
˘ ` ˜ ˆ ˆ ˘ ˘
hoc, hoac lam nhng viec nhan ao e ngan chan au
´ ` ` ˆ
kho. Ban co biet vai ng
i nh the khong?
˜ ˆ ˘ ´ ˜ `
Nhng cau hoi can ban ve y nghıa cua
i song nay
` ˜ `
sinh, thı ay cung la ieu de hieu. Sau khi thay con chet
` ˆ ´ ˘ ˆ ˆ ` ´ ˆ
vı benh sot ret hoac mot benh nao khac, biet bao bac cha
´ ´
me thac mac: Tai sao co s au kho nh the? Ðieu ay co
´ ˜ ` ˆ ˜ ˆ ˜
y nghıa gı khong? Nhng cau hoi t
ng t cung khien
ˆ ˜ `
nhieu thanh thieu nien nam n boi roi khi thay s ngheo
ˆ ˆ ` ˆ ˜ ˆ `
kho, benh tat va bat cong. Nhng cuoc chien tan bao
` ` ˆ ` ´
th
ng khien ng
i ta t hoi khong biet
i song co the
´ ´ ˜ ˆ
co y nghıa khong.
` ´ ` ´ ´ ˜
Ðieu gı co the tao
cho i song ban
co y nghıa? 7
` ` ˆ ` ˜
`
Cho du ban cha tng lam vao nhng canh khon cung
´ ˜ ˜ ´ ´ `
´
nh the, co le ban cung ong y vi li cua Giao S
` ´ ˆ ˆ
Freeman Dyson: “Nhieu ngi ong y khi toi neu lai
˜ ˆ
` ˆ ˆ ´ ` ´
nhng cau hoi [ma nhan vat trong Kinh-thanh la] Giop
˜ `
´
a tng hoi: Tai sao chung ta au kho? Tai sao the gian
ˆ `
´
lai bat cong en the? S au thng va tham k ich co muc
´ ` ´ ˜ ˜ ˆ
´
ıch gı?” Co le ban cung muon biet cau giai ap.
` ˜ ˆ
´
´ ˜
Tım c nhng cau giai ap thoa ang chac chan se
´ ´ ˆ ´ ˜
˜
giup ıch rat nhieu. Mot v i giao s a trai qua nhng ieu
` ˆ ˆ ´
kinh hoang trong trai tap trung Auschwitz nhan xet:
ˆ ` ˆ ` ` ´ ´ ˆ `
“Khong ieu gı tren i nay... co the giup mot ngi ch iu
˜ `
ˆ ´
ng c ngay nhng hoan canh en toi nhat mot cach
˜ ˆ ` ` ` ´ ˆ
hu hieu cho ˆ bang s hieu biet la i song mınh co mot
´ ˜
´

y nghıa”. Ong cho rang ngay ca sc khoe tinh than cua

ˆ ` ˜ ´ ˆ ` ´ ˜
`
mot ngi cung gan lien vi viec i tım y nghıa cua i

song.

` ˜ ` ˆ
Trai qua nhieu the ky, nhieu ngi a i tım cau giai

´ ˆ ´ ˆ ` ˆ ˆ
ap qua ton giao. Sau khi thay mot ngi benh, mot
` ` ` ˆ ` ˆ ` ˆ `
ngi gia va mot ngi chet, ong Co-am (Phat) i tım
ˆ ´ ˘ ´ ˜ ˆ ´ ˆ
chan ly, hoac y nghıa, trong ton giao; nhng lai khong
´ ´ ˘ ˜ ` ´ `
tin Thng Ðe co trı nang. Nhng ngi khac thı quay
` `
ˆ ` ˜ ` `
ve nha th cua ho. Tuy nhien, con nhng ngi thi nay
` ` ´ ˆ ´
thı sao? Nhieu ngi chu trong khoa hoc, xem ton giao
` ´ ´ ` ˆ ´
va “Ðc Chua Tri” khong quan trong. Sach Religion
ˆ ´ ` ˆ ` ˆ
and Atheism (Ton giao va thuyet vo than) bınh luan:
` ˆ ` ` `
“Khoa hoc cang tien trien bao nhieu thı dng nh cang
´ ´ ´ ` ˆ ´ ´ ` ˜
ıt cho cho Ðc Chua Tri bay nhieu. Ðc Chua Tri a

ˆ ˆ ˆ
tr nen mot Ðang vo gia c”.
´ ˆ ´
Bac bo mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa—Tai
sao?
ˆ ´ ´
ˆ ´ ˘ ´ ´
That ra, khuynh hng bac bo ton giao hoac Ðc Chua
` `
˜ ` ˆ
Tri bat nguon t triet hoc cua nhng ngi thien ve
´ `
ˆ
duy ly. Charles Darwin cho rang “s ao thai t nhien”

´ ´ ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ ˜
giai thıch the gii thien nhien hp ly hn s hien hu

ˆ ´ ´
cua mot Ðang Tao Hoa. Sigmund Freud day rang Ðc
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
8 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
´ ` ` ˆ

` ` ´
Chua Tri la mot ao tng. Va quan iem cho la ‘Ðc
´ ` ˜ ´ ` ` `
Chua Tri a chet’ keo dai t thi Friedrich Nietzsche
` ´ ˜ ´ ˆ ` ˜
en thi chung ta. Nhng triet ly Ðong Phng thı cung
ˆ ˜ ` ´ ˆ
day tng t nh vay. Nhng ngi day triet ly Phat
´ ˆ
`
Giao cho rang khong can phai biet ve Thng Ðe. Con
´ ´ ´
ve Than Ðao, Giao S Tetsuo Yamaori noi rang “cac than
´
` ` ` ˆ
thanh chı la ngi ma thoi”.
` ` ` ˆ ˜

Du nhieu ngi hoai nghi s hien hu cua Ðang Tao
´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ˆ ´
Hoa, nhng ho co ly do chınh ang khong? Rat co the ban
˜ ˆ ´ ´
biet ‘nhng s kien khoa hoc’ rat pho bien trong qua kh,

ˆ ` ´ ` `
nhng chı sau mot thi gian lai c chng minh la hoan
` `
` ´
toan sai lam. Hang may the ky, nhieu ngi tin ‘Trai at
` ˆ ˘ `
˜ ´
la mot mat phang’ va ‘Ca vu tru quay quanh Trai Ðat’,
` ´ ˜ ´
nhng ngay nay chung ta biet nhng ieu o sai.
` ˜ ´ ´ ` ´
Con ve nhng y kien khoa hoc sau o thı sao? Thı du,

ˆ ` ˆ
triet gia David Hume cua the ky 18—mot ngi khong
ˆ ´ ˆ ´ ˜ ˆ
chap nhan co mot Ðang Tao Hoa—a khong the giai

´ ´
ˆ ˆ
thıch c s cau tao phc tap cua sinh vat tren at. Gia

´ ´ ´
thuyet cua Darwin e xuat cach cac the song phat trien,
´ ˜ ˆ
´
nhng thuyet o a khong giai thıch s song bat au
` ˘ ´ ´ ´ ˜ ` ´ ´
nh the nao hoac no co y nghıa gı oi vi chung ta.
` ˆ ` ˜ ` ˆ
Vı vay, nhieu nha khoa hoc cung nh thng dan cam

´ ` ˆ ´ ´ ´
thay co ieu gı khong on. Cac ly thuyet khoa hoc co the co

´ ˆ
´ ` ˜
giai ap cau hoi cach nao? nhng nhng van e then chot
ˆ

˜ ` `
xoay quanh cau hoi tai sao? Ngay ca nhng ngi tin vao
ˆ ´ `

˜

ˆ
mot Ðang Tao Hoa t thu nho cung b i anh hng. Mot
˜ ˆ
` ˆ ˆ `
´
n sinh vien tre ngi Au Chau theo nganh s hoc noi:
ˆ ˜ ` ´ ´ ` ˜ ` ˆ
“Theo toi nghı thı Ðc Chua Tri a chet. Neu Ngai that
ˆ ˜ ` ´ ˜ ˆ `
s hien hu, thı the gii se khong hon loan nh the nay:
` ˆ ˆ ´ ´ ` ´ ˆ
Ngi vo toi ang b i oi khat; nhieu loai thu vat ang i
ˆ
´ ˆ ´ ` ˆ
en cho tuyet chung... Khai niem ve Ðang Tao Hoa la vo
´ ´ ˜ ` ˆ `
ly”. Trc nhng tınh trang tren at, nhieu ngi thay
ˆ ˆ ´

` ´
khong the hieu tai sao mot Ðang Tao Hoa—gia s la co
´ ˆ
ˆ `
tao hoa—lai khong cai thien tınh the.
` ´ ` ´ ´ ˜
Ðieu gı co the tao
cho i song ban
co y nghıa? 9
ˆ ´ ` ˆ ˜
Tuy nhien, chung ta phai nhın nhan rang s dı nhieu
` ˆ ˆ ˜ ´ `
ngi phu nhan s hien hu cua Ðang Tao Hoa, vı hˆ o
ˆ ˆ ` ˆ ˆ `
khong muon tin. Mot nha t ban cong nghiep ngi Au
ˆ ´ ´ ˆ ˆ ˆ ` ´ ´ ´ `
Chau noi vi mot cong nhan: “Du chınh Ðc Chua Tri
ˆ
ˆ ˆ ˆ
bao toi phai sa oi loi song, toi van khong nghe. Toi
´ ´ ˆ ˜ ` ` ˆ `
muon song theo y thıch rieng”. Ro rang la mot so ngi
ˆ ` ˆ
ˆ
cam thay viec nhın nhan tham quyen cua mot Ðang Tao
´ ˘ ´ ´
Hoa ngh ich lai s t do hoac loi song ho thıch. Ho co the
ˆ ˆ ˜ ` ˆ ` ˆ ˆ
tuyen bo: ‘Toi chı tin nhng gı toi thay, va toi khong the
´ ˆ ` `
thay Ðang Tao Hoa vo hınh nao’.
` ˆ ` ˆ ` ˆ
Ngoai viec tai sao nhieu ngi khong nhın nhan Ðang
´ ˜ ` ` ´ ˜ ´
Tao Hoa, nhng thac mac ve i song va y nghıa cua no
` ` ˘
van con dai dang. Sau khi con ngi bat au tham hiem
` ˆ ` `
ngoai tang khong gian, ngi ta hoi ˆ nha than hoc Karl
˜ ˆ ` ´ ´ ˆ
Barth ve chien thang ky thuat nay. Ong noi: “No khong
˜ ˆ ´ `
giai quyet c nhng van e khien toi thao thc hang
ˆ ` ` ` ` ˆ `
em”. Ngay nay loai ngi du hanh trong khong gian va
ˆ ´ ˆ ´ ´ `
tien bo nhanh chong ve khong gian may tınh. Du sao,
˜ ` ˜ ´ ´
nhng ngi biet suy nghı thay can co muc ıch, ieu
` ` ´ ´ ˜
lam cho i song ho co y nghıa.
´ ˆ ` ˜ ´ ´ ´
Chung toi mi tat ca nhng ai co au oc ci m xem xet
` ` ´
e tai nay. Sach Belief in God and Intellectual Honesty
´ ´ ` ` ˆ ˆ ´ ´
(Niem tin ni Ðc Chua Tri va s chan that ve trı thc)
´ ˘
` ´ ˆ ˆ ´
lu y rang ac iem cua ngi co “s chan that ve trı
´ ` ` ´
ˆ ˜ ` `
thc” la “san sang xem xet can than nhng gı mınh tin
` ˆ ` ´ ´ ´ ´ ˜ ´ ´
la that” va “chu y ung mc en nhng bang chng khac
´
san co”.
` ` ˆ ˜ ´ ´
Trong e tai sap ban luan, “nhng bang chng san co”
´
´ ´ ´ ´ ˆ ´
ay co the giup chung ta xet xem co mot Ðang Tao Hoa
` ˜ ˆ ` ´ ˆ
tao ra s song va vu tru hay khong. Va neu co mot Ðang
´ ` ` ´ ´ ´
Tao Hoa, thı Ðang ay nh the nao? Ðang Tao Hoa co ca
´ ˆ ˆ ` ´ ˆ ´
tınh lien he en i song cua chung ta khong? Xem xet
` ´
´ ´
´ `
`
ieu nay co the giup chung ta hieu cach nao e lam cho
` `
´ ` ´ ´ ˜
i song mınh bo ıch va co y nghıa hn.
C H N G H A I
˜ ´ ˜ ˆ
Vu tru cua chung ta a xuat hien
` ˆ ˆ
nh the nao?—Cuoc tranh luan

´ ` ´ ´ ` ´ ´ `
CAC phi hanh gia thıch thu chup hınh trai at khi no lu
` ˆ ´

ˆ
lu hien ra qua canh ca so cua con thuyen khong gian.
ˆ ` ´ ´ ` ´
Mot phi hanh gia noi: “Ðo la phan thu v i nhat khi bay
ˆ ´
´ `
trong khong gian”. Nhng Trai Ðat cua chung ta dng

´ ´ ´ ´ ˆ ˘ `
nh rat nho be khi so sanh vi Thai Dng He. Mat tri
´ ´ ˆ ˆ ´ ` `
co the cha c mot trieu trai at ma van con d cho!
ˆ ˜ ˆ ˜ ´ ˆ ˆ `
Tuy nhien, nhng s kien ay ve vu tru co lien he gı en
`
` ´ ˜
´
i song cua ban va y nghıa cua no?
˜
´ ` ˆ
Hay tng tng chung ta ang du hanh khong gian
ˆ
´ ` ˘ `
e thay c moi quan he cua Trai Ðat va Mat Tri trong
˜ ˘ `
´
` ˆ `
vu tru. Mat Tri cua chung ta chı la mot trong hang ha
´ ˆ ´ `

ˆ
sa so tinh tu trong mot canh hınh xoan oc cua dai thien
` ` ´
ˆ ` `
` ˆ
ha Milky Way;1 ma chınh dai thien ha nay lai chı la mot

˜ ´ `
phan rat nho cua vu tru. Mat tran co the thay c vai
ˆ ´ ` ` ` ˜ ˆ ` ´
vet sang, ma ky thc lai la nhng thien ha khac, chang
ˆ ` ˜ ˆ ` ´ `
han nh thien ha my le va ln hn la Andromeda. Milky
`
ˆ ` ´ ˜
Way, Andromeda va khoang 20 thien ha khac c gi
´ ` ` ` ˆ `
lai
vi nhau nh hap lc ma hp thanh mot chom; tat ca
´ ˆ ` `
` ˆ `
ˆ ` ˆ
cac thien ha nay chı la mot vung nho trong mot chom sieu
ˆ ˜ ´ ˆ ˜ `
ang rong bao la. Vu tru cha ng vo so nhng chom
ˆ ˆ
`
sieu ang, nhng khong phai the la het.
˜ ` ˆ ` ˆ ˆ ˆ
Nhng chom thien ha phan bo khong eu trong khong
ˆ ` ˆ ˆ ´ ´ ` ` ˆ
gian. Tren bınh dien rong ln, cac chom nay trong giong
˜ ´ `
` ˆ ˜
nh nhng bc man mong va day d, bao boc nhng

ˆ ` ´ `
khoang khong bao la giong hınh bong bong. Vai phan cua
´ ` ˆ ` ˆ ` ` ´ ˆ
cac chom thien ha rong va dai en noi chung trong giong
` ´

ˆ ` `
ˆ

1 Ðng kınh cua dai thien ha Milky Way dai khoang ´mot
ty´ ty
ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ ´
ki-lo-met—vang, 1.000.000.000.000.000.000 ki-lo-met! Anh sang

˘ ´ ˘ ` ˆ ˆ ` `
phai mat 100.000 nam mi bang qua c, va rieng thien ha nay
˜ ´
ˆ
a co hn 100 ty ngoi sao!
˜ ´ ˜ ˆ ` ˆ ˆ
nh the nao?—Cuoc
tranh luan
11
˜ ´ ´ ` ` ` ´ `
nh nhng bc van ly trng thanh. Ðieu nay co the lam
ˆ ˜ ` ˜
´
ngac nhien nhng ngi tin rang vu tru cua chung ta t
ˆ ˆ ˆ ` ´
tao
ra do mot vu no ngau nhien. Mot nha bao cao cap cua
´ ˆ ´ `
tap
chı Scientific American ket luan: “Chung ta cang thay
˜
´ `
˜ ` ` ´
ro tat ca cac chi tiet huy hoang cua vu tru, thı cang kho giai
´ ˆ
´ ˜ ˜ ` `
thıch bang mot thuyet n gian cach vu tru a hınh thanh”.

´ ´
Bang ch ng cho thay co s bat au

´ `

ˆ `
Tat ca cac vı sao ban thay eu trong dai thien ha
˜ ˆ ˆ ` `
Milky Way. Mai cho en thap nien 1920, thı dng nh
´ ` ˆ ` ˆ ˆ ´ ˜ ` `
o la thien ha oc nhat. Tuy nhien, co le ban biet la ke t
` ˜ ˆ ´ ´ ´
thi ay nhng cuoc quan sat bang vien vong kınh ln hn
˜ ´ ` ˜
´ ´
a chng minh ieu ay la sai. Vu tru cua chung ta cha
´ ˆ ` ´ ˆ ˆ
ıt nhat 50.000.000.000 thien ha. Chung toi khong muon
´
´ ´ ´ ´
ˆ
noi 50 ty tinh tu—nhng muon noi co ıt nhat 50 ty thien
` ´ ´ `
´ ˘ `
´
ha, moi cai co hang ty tinh tu nh Mat Tri cua chung
ˆ ` ` ´
ta. Song, so lng thien ha khong lo, tuy la con so ln en
´ ` `
ˆ
mc lam ngi ta sng sot, lai khong rung chuyen s tin

ˆ ˆ ´
tng cua khoa hoc trong thap nien 1920 bang chınh s
ˆ `
´ ˆ ` ˆ
kien la tat ca cac thien ha eu chuyen ong.
˜ ` ˆ ˘ ˜ ´ ˆ ˆ ˆ
Nhng nha thien van hoc a phat hien mot s kien la
` ´ ´ ` ´ ˆ ` ˆ ˘
lung: Khi cho anh sang t cac thien ha i xuyen qua lang
´ ` ˆ `
˜ ` ´
kınh, ngi ta nhan thay chieu dai cua nhng lan song
´ ´ ˜ ` ´
´ ˆ `
anh sang dan ra; ieu nay chng to cac thien ha dat ra
´ ´ ˆ ˆ ˆ ` ` `
xa chung ta vi toc o cao. Mot thien ha cang xa, thı
` ´ ´ ` ´
dng nh no dat ra xa trai at cang nhanh. Ðieu o
´
˜
ˆ
chng to vu tru ang n rong!1
` ˘ ´ ´ ´ ˆ `
ˆ `
1 Vao nam 1995, cac khoa ` hoc gia chu y ´ en hoat ` ong ` ky la cua mot vı
sao ˆ xa nh at
`
(SN ´ 1995K) tng˜ c quan
ˆ ´ s at khi v ı sao
˜ n ay n ˆ o tung ` trong ´
thi
` en ha` cua´ no. Nh ˆnhng sao sieu m i trong nhng thiˆ en ha
gan o, `
vı sao ˆ nay sang` rc `len, roi ` t at l im
´ d an,
ˆ nhng ´ ´ trong m ot´ kho ang th i
gian lau hn ˆ la ngi ta ` tng phat hien tr ` c
o. ´ Tap chı New
Scientist `
bieu dien hi en

´ tng
´ n ay b ang
´ ` o th i v a gi` ai th ıch: “D ang
´ cua ng
cong ` bi eu di en ` anh s ang... k eo d ai theo

ˆ th
` ` i gian b ang ung ´ y kho ang
´
thˆ i gian ngi
ta d ˆ ki en,
´ n eu ´ thi en h a nay
ˆ d at

` ` ra xaˆ ch ` ung ta v i ´ toc
o˜ gan bang´ na van ` t˜ oc anh sˆ ang”. Ket lu
an ˆ la gı? Ðay la “bang chng
ro nhat trc nay la vu tr u that s ang n rong”.
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
12 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
` ´ ˆ ` ˜ ` ˆ ˘
Cho du chung ta khong phai la nhng nha thien van
ˆ ˆ ˘ ` ´ ´
chuyen nghiep hoac tai t, chung ta van co the thay rang
˜ ˆ ˜ ´ ˜ ` ˆ ´ ´
vu tru n
rong se co nhng ham an sau sac ve qua kh
` ´ ˜ ˜ ˆ ´ ˜ ˆ
—va co le cung ve t
ng lai rieng cua chung ta na. Mot
´ ` ´ ˜ ´ ` ˆ ˜
cai gı o han a phai kh
i au qua trınh n
rong cua vu
ˆ ´ ˆ `
tru—m ot
lc u sc thang
c trong lc
vo cung manh
` ˜ ´ ´ ˆ `
cua toan the vu tru. Ban co u ly do e hoi: ‘Ðau la
ˆ ˘ ´
nguon cua ong nang o?’
` ´ ˜ ´
Du hau het cac khoa hoc gia cho rang vu tru luc kh
i
˘ ` ´ ˆ ˆ ˆ
˜ ´ ` Mat Tr i cuaˆ chung ` ta (o vuong) khong
ngh ıa lˆ y gı ` trong´ dai thi
ˆ en ha
` ` Milky Way,

nh c

minh hoa
ay cung v i thien ha hınh xoan oc NGC 5236
˜ ´ ˜ ˆ ` ˆ ˆ
nh the nao?—Cuoc
tranh luan
13
` ˆ ` ˘ ˆ `
au la mot vung day ac rat nho (mot iem ky d i),
´ ˆ ´ ´ ˘
nhng chung ta khong the tranh ne
c van e can ban
` ` ˆ ` ´ ´ ˜ ˜ ˆ
la: “Neu vao mot th
i iem trong qua kh, vu tru a mot
` ´ ` ´ ´ ´ `
th
i
trong trang thai ky d i, co kıch th
c cc tieu va
´ ˆ ` ´ ` ´ ` ˜
ty trong l
n vo cc, thı chung ta phai hoi la: cai gı a ton
´ ´ ` ´ ` ˆ ` ˜ ´
tai tr
c o va cai gı
ben ngoai vu tru.... Chung ta phai
ˆ ´
oi dien v
i van e ve S kh
i au” (Sir Bernard Lovell).
` ` ´ ` ` ˆ ˘ ˆ
Ðieu nay ham y la ngoai mot nguon nang l
ng vo
ˆ ˜ ` ´ ´ ˆ ` ˘
bien ra, cung con can phai co trı thong minh va kha nang
´
Dai Milky Way co h n 100 ty
` ´ ` ` ˆ
vı tinh tu, va chı la mot
trong h n 50 ty
ˆ ` ˜ ` ´ ´
thien ha trong vu tru ma khoa hoc kham pha ra
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
14 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
` ˆ ˘ ˆ ´
Nha thi en van hoc ´ Edwin
Hubble
´ ´ (1889-1953)
` ˜ nh ˆ an
th ` c r˘ang s ´
chuy
˜ en vi ve phıa
ˆ o cua anh sang
` `
´ ´ t nhng thi
en ha xa xam chng
to vu tru ang n rong va vı the no co s bat au
ˆ ˆ ` ˆ ˆ `
tien lieu, b
i vˆ ı toc o n
rong d
ng nh
c ieu
´ ˜ ˆ
chınh tinh vi. Ong Lovell noi: “Neu vu tru n
rong nhanh
ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ` ˆ ` ˆ
them mot phan trieu trieu, thı bay gi
moi vat the trong
˜ ˜ ´ ` ˆ ˆ ˆ
vu tru a tan mat het.... Va neu toc o cham i mot phan
ˆ ˆ ` ´ ˜ ` ˜
trieu trieu, thı cac hap lc a lam vu tru suy sup trong
` ˆ ˘ ˆ ˜ ˆ ` ˜ ˆ
vong mot ty nam hien hu au tien. Ngoai ra, se khong
´ ´ ˆ ` ` ˆ ´
co cac ngoi sao tr
ng tho va khong co s song”.
´
Co giai thıch s khi au
ˆ ´ ˆ ´ ´ ´
Hien nay cac chuyen gia co the giai thıch
c goc tıch
˜ ˆ ´
cua vu tru khong? Nhieu khoa hoc gia thay kho chap
ˆ ´ ` ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ ˜ ˜
nhan y t
ng la mot trı tue thong minh h
n a tao ra vu
ˆ ´ ` ˆ ´ ` ` ´ ˜
tru, nen ho suy oan la bang mot qua trınh nao o vu
ˆ ` ˆ ´ ` ´
tru t tao nen t h vo. Ban co thay ieu nay h
p ly
ˆ ˜ ´ ` ` ˆ
khong? Nhng s suy oan nh the th
ng la mot bien
˜ ´ ˜ ˆ ` ˆ ˆ
nh the nao?—Cuoc
tranh luan
15
` ´
ˆ
˜ `
dang
nao o cua mot gia thuyet (bieu mau vu tru banh
´ ` ˆ ´ ´ ` ˘
trng)1 do nha vat ly hoc Alan Guth e xng vao nam
ˆ ˆ ˜ ` ˆ
1979. Tuy nhien, gan ay hn, tien sı Guth tha nhan
` ´ ´ ˜

1 Thuyet banh trng suy oan ve ieu a xay ra trong khoanh

˜ ˜ `
ˆ `
khac sau khi vu tru bat au. Nhng ngi ung ho thuyet banh
´ ˜ ´
` ˆ ˆ
ˆ
trng cho rang vu tru luc khi au la sieu vi mo roi n rong ra
ˆ ´ ´ ˆ ` ˆ
nhanh hn van toc anh sang, mot ˆ li khang inh khong the kiem
´ ` ´ ` ´ `
chng c trong phong thı nghiem. Thuyet banh trng van con
ˆ
ang c tranh luan.
´ `
Co em cac vı sao
` ´ ´ ` ˆ ` ´
Ngi ta c tınh la dai thien ha Milky Way co hn
ˆ ˜ `
100.000.000.000 (100 ty) ngoi sao. Ban ˆhay hınh dung
ˆ ´ ` ´
mot quy en bach khoa t ien danh ra mot ` trang e noi
ˆ ˆ ` ˘ ` ` ´ ´
ve mot ng oi sao—con Mat Tri va cac hanh tinh khac
´ ˆ ˆ ` ˆ
trong Thai Dng He chiem mot trang. Thı bo t ien ay
ˆ ´ ˜ `
can bao nhieu quyen e noi ve tat ca nhng vı sao trong

dai Milky Way?
˜ ˆ ´ `
Gia s nhng quyen trong bo t ien bach khoa nay
´ ` ` ` ` ´

co be day trung bınh, thı ngi ta tınh rang het thay
˜ ´ ´ ˆ ˆ ˆ ´
nhng gia sach trong Th Vien ˆ Cong Cong New York, co
` ˆ ` ´ ˜ ˆ
chieu dai tong cong la 412 ki-lo-met, cung khong u cho
´ ˆ
cha bo t ien ay!
ˆ ´ ˜ ´
Ban phai mat bao lau mi xem xong nhng trang sach
´ ´
o? Quyen sach Coming of Age in the Milky Way giai
´ ˆ ` ´ ´ ˆ ` ˆ ˆ
thıch: “Lat tng trang sach, vi toc o la mot trang mot
ˆ ˜ ˆ ` ` ˘ ˆ ˜ `
giay, se mat tren mi ngan nam”. Tuy nhien, nhng vı
` ˆ ` ´ ` ˆ
sao tao thanh thien ha cua chung ta chı la mot phan
˜ ˆ `
nho cua nhng ngoi sao trong con so phong chng
ˆ ` ˜ ˆ
50.000.000.000 (50 ty) thien ha trong vu tru. Neu bo
´ ` ˆ `
t ien bach khoa danh mot trang cho moi vı sao trong
` ` ˜ ´ ´ ˜ ˆ
so nay, thı tat ca nhng gia sach trong nhng th vien `
ˆ ´ ˜ ˆ ´ ´
tren trai at cung khong u cho cha. Quyen sach nay
´ ´ ` ˜ ˆ `
lu y: “Chung ta cang biet nhieu ve vu tru bao nhieu, thı
´ ` ˆ ´ ´ ˆ
chung ta lai cang nhan thay chung ta biet ıt bay nhieu”.
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
16 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?

Jastrow—Ve s khi au
´ ` ˆ ˘ ` ˆ
Giao s nganh thien van va ia chat´ hoc cua vien ai
` ´ ` ˆ ˘
hoc ` Columbia la Robert Jastrow viet: “It co nha thien van
˜ ´ ` ` ˆ ˆ
nao a co the d kien la bien co nay—s sinh ra ot ng ot
˜ ˜ ` ˆ ´
cua vu tru—s e tr˜ thanhˆ s ki en khoa hoc c chng
´ `

minh, nhng nhng cuoc khao sat bau tri bang vien
´ ˜ ˆ ˆ ´
vong kınh a buoc ho phai i en ket luan o”.
ˆ ` ˆ ˜ `
Roi ong bınh luan ve nhng ham an quan trong:
´ ´ ` ˆ ˘ ˜
“Chng c cua nganh thien van ve s khi au cua vu
´ ´ ´ `
tru khien cac khoa hoc gia phai lung tung, vı ho tin

ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ
rang moi hau qua eu co mot nguyen nhan t nhien...
` ˆ ˘ ` ´
Nha thien van ngi Anh, E. A. Milne, viet: ‘Chung ta
ˆ ´ ` ` ´ `
khong the e ra y kien nao ve tınh the [luc khi au], vı
ˆ ˜ ´ ` ´ ` ˆ ´
khong ai a quan sat va chng kien hanh ong sang tao
´ ´ `
cua Ðc Chua Tri’ ” (The Enchanted Loom—Mind in the
Universe).

ˆ ˆ
´ ˜ ˜
rang thuyet cua ong “khong giai thıch c vu tru a

` ˆ ` ˜
nay sinh t h vo nh the nao”. Tien sı Andrei Linde
´ ` ´ ´
noi thang hn trong bai bao in trong tap chı Scientific

´ ` ´

`
American: “Giai thıch iem ky d i luc khi thuy nay—khi
` ´ `
ˆ ` `
nao no bat au va au—van con la van e nan giai

` ˜ `
nhat trong nganh vu tru hoc ngay nay”.
´ ˆ ˆ ˆ
´
Neu cac chuyen gia khong that s giai thıch c
˘ ´ ´
˜ `
nguon goc hoac s phat trien luc au cua vu tru, thı
´ ˆ ˆ `
´
ˆ ` ´
chung ta khong nen tım s giai thıch mot ni nao khac

ˆ ´ ´ ˜ ´ ˆ
sao? Qua that, ban co ly do vng chac e xem xet mot so
´ ` ˜
bang chng nhieu ngi a bo qua, nhng lai cho ban

ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ ´ ˜ ´
mot nhan thc that s ve goc tıch vu tru. Bang chng
` ˜ ˆ ´ ´
˘
`
nay bao gom nhng o chınh xac cua bon lc can ban, la
ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ
˜ ˆ ´ `
nguyen nhan gay nen tat ca nhng thuoc tınh va bien
´

ˆ ´ ˜
oi co anh hng en vat chat. Khi nghe noi en nhng
˘
` ` ´ ` ˜
lc can ban, vai ngi co the do d, vı nghı rang: ‘Ðieu

` ˆ ´ ` ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
ay chı danh rieng cho cac nha vat ly’. Khong han vay.
˜ ´ ˜ ˆ ` ˆ ˆ
nh the nao?—Cuoc
tranh luan
17
˜ ˆ
` ´ ´ ` ´

Nhng s kien
c ban nay ang xem xet vı co anh hng
´
en chung ta.

S ieu h ng tinh vi
˘
˜ ˆ
˜
Bon lc can ban chi phoi nhng hoat ong ca trong vu
´ ´ ˆ

ˆ
tru bao la lan trong cac cau truc nguyen t cc nho. Vang,
ˆ ´
moi vat chung ta thay chung quanh eu b i chi phoi.
´ ˆ `
Cac nguyen to thiet yeu cho s song (nhat la cacbon,
` ˆ ˘
oxy, va sat) khong the ton tai neu bon lc can ban trong
˜ ˆ
´ ´ ´ ˜
vu tru khong c ieu hng chınh xac. Chung ta a
ˆ ˆ ` ˆ ´ ` ˆ `
e cap mot lc la trong lc. Mot lc khac la ien t lc.
ˆ ` ´ ` ´ ˜ ˆ ˜
Neu ien t lc yeu hn kha nhieu, thı no se khong gi
´ ˆ

ˆ
ˆ
`
c cac ien t chung quanh nhan cua nguyen t. Vai
` ´
´ ´ ˆ ˆ
ngi co the t hoi: ‘Ðieu o co nghiem trong khong?’
´
` ´ ˆ
ˆ `
Tha co, bi vı cac nguyen t khong the to hp thanh
ˆ
´ ` ´ ˆ
phan t. Trai lai, neu lc nay manh hn nhieu, cac ien

˜ ˆ
ˆ
´ ˆ
t se ket lai trong nhan cua nguyen t. Do o khong the
´ ˜
´ ´ ˜ ´ ˆ
˜
co nhng phan ng hoa hoc gia cac nguyen t—nghıa
` ˆ ´
´ ` ` ˜
la khong co s song. Ngay ca di quan iem nay, thı ro
` ` ` ´ ` ˆ `
rang la s ton tai va s song chung ta tuy thuoc vao s

ˆ `
ieu hng tinh vi cua ien t lc.
ˆ ´
Bon l c
vat
ly c ban
ˆ ˆ ` ˆ ˆ
1. Trong lc—m ot lc rat yeu tren bınh dien nguyen
´ ´ ` ˜ ˆ ´ `
t. No tac dung vao nhng vat the ln—hanh tinh, tinh
´ ˆ `
tu, thien ha.
ˆ ` ` ˜ `
2. Ðien t trng—hap lc ˆ chu ch ot gia proton va
ˆ ` ´ ` ˜ ` ` ´
ien t, nh o ma nhng phan t hınh thanh. Tia chp
` ˆ
´ ´
la mot bang chng ve sc manh cua lc ay.
ˆ ` ` ˜ `
3. Lc hat ´ nhan manh—l c
ˆ nay kım gi proton va
ˆ
neutron lai vi nhau trong nhan cua nguyen t.
ˆ ` ˆ ˜
4. Lc hat ˆ nhan yeu—lc nay chi phoi s phan ra cua
˜ ´ ` ˆ ˆ
nhng nguyen to phong xa va hieu suat cua hoat ong

ˆ ˘ `
nhiet hach cua mat tri.
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
18 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
` ˜ ´ ˆ ´ ˜ ´ ˆ
Va hay xem xet tren tam mc vu tru: S khac biet
´ ´ ˆ ` ˜

˘ ` `
chut ıt ve ien t lc se anh hng en mat tri va
` ` ´ ´ ´ `
vı the ma bien oi anh sang chieu xuong trai at, lam
ˆ ˆ ´ ˘ ˘
cho hien tng quang hp trong cay coi kho khan hoac
ˆ ´ ˜ ` ´ ˜
khong the c. Ðieu o cung lam nc mat i nhng
ˆ ´ ˆ ´ ` ˆ
thuoc tınh oc ao thiet yeu cho s song. Vı the mot lan
˜

ˆ `
na, s ieu hng tinh vi cua ien t lc quyet inh
´ ˜ ˆ
chung ta se song hay khong.
ˆ ´ ` ˜
Ðieu thiet yeu khong kem la moi tng quan gia
` ˆ
ˆ ` ` ´ `
cng o cua ien t lc va ba lc kia. Thı du, vai
` ˆ ´ ´ `
nha vat ly hoc tınh ra rang lc nay manh hn trong
lc 10.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.-
ˆ ˆ ˆ `
000.000 (1040) lan. Them mot so khong vao ang sau
` ´ ` ˆ `
con so nay co the la mot thay oi dng nh nho (1041).

´ ˜ ` ˜
ˆ
Song ieu ay co nghıa la trong lc se yeu i theo ty le
´ ` ˜ ˆ
tng ng, va tien sı Reinhard Breuer nhan inh ve
` ´ ˆ
tınh huong do s thay oi o gay ra: “Khi trong lc yeu
` ˜ ` ˜
` ´
hn, thı nhng vı sao se nho hn, va ap suat cua trong

ˆ ˜ ` ˜ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ
lc ben trong nhng vı sao se khong a nhiet o len
´ `
˜
´
en mc cao va phai e nhng phan ng tong hp hat
ˆ
˘ ` ˜ ˆ ´ ´
nhan xay ra: mat tri se khong the chieu sang”. Ban co

˜ ´ ˜ ` ´
the tng tng ieu ay se co nghıa gı cho chung ta!
`

ˆ
Ðieu gı xay ra neu trong lc manh hn theo ty le
´ ˆ
´ ˆ
tng ng,ˆ e cho con so tren chı co 39 so khong (1039)
` ˆ
´ ˆ
ma thoi? Ong Breuer viet tiep: “Chı co mot thay oi nho
˜ ` `
ˆ ˆ ˘ ` ˜
c nay, thı tuoi tho cua mot ngoi sao nh mat tri se

´ ´
giam han i”. Cac khoa hoc gia khac cho rang s ieu

` ˆ ´ ` ´ ´ ˜
hng tinh vi nay tham chı con chınh xac hn na.

ˆ ˘ ´ `
˘ ` ` ˜
Qua that, hai ac tınh la lung cua mat tri va nhng
` ´ ` ˘ ` ´ `
vı sao khac la nang suat va tınh on inh dai han. Ban
˜ ˆ ´
´ ` ´
hay xem mot thı du n gian. Chung ta biet la e co
˘ ` ˆ ´ ˆ
´
nang suat cao, thı bo may xe hi can mot ty so chınh
´ ˜ ˆ ˆ ` ˆ ´ ´ ˜
xac gia nhien lieu va khong khı; cac ky s thiet ke
˜ ˆ ˆ ´ ` ´ ´
nhng he thong ien toan va c khı phc tap e at
˜ ´ ˜ ˆ ` ˆ ˆ
nh the nao?—Cuoc
tranh luan
19
´
S ieu ˘ hng ` tinh viˆ cua cacˆ lc chi
ph` oi mat tri t ao
nen i eu ki en

va´ phai choˆ s song cua
chung ta tren at
ˆ
´
c hieu suat toi a. Neu chı co
ˆ ´ ´ ` ˜ ` ˜
mot cai may ma a the, thı nhng
´ ´ ´ ˆ
tinh tu “chay sang”, at c hieu
˘ `
suat cao chang han nh mat tri
` ˜
ˆ ˆ
thı sao? Nhng lc chu chot lien he c ieu hng

´ ´ ˆ ˆ ˆ
chınh xac, tao ieu kien thuan li nhat cho s song. Ðo
´ ´ ´ ` `
´ ˆ ` `
chınh xac o lai tınh c xay ra ? Giop, mot ngi an
ˆ ` ´ ˆ
ong thi xa, c chat van nh sau: “Ngi co biet luat

´ ` ` ´ ˆ
´ ´
cua cac tng tri sao? Co the lap chu quyen no di at
˘ ´ ˆ ` ´ ˆ `
chang?” (Giop 38:33). Khong ai lam c ieu o. Vay thı
ˆ ´ ´ ` ˆ
o chınh xac ay ra t au?
ˆ
Hai l c
hat
nhan
´ ˜ ´ `
Cau truc vu tru bao gom nhieu ieu khac, ngoai s

´ ´
` ˆ `
ieu hng chınh xac cua trong lc
va ien t lc.
Hai
ˆ ´ ´ ˜ ´ ´
lc
vat ly khac cung gan lien vi s song chung ta.
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
20 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
` ˆ ˆ
ˆ
`
Hai lc nay hoat ong trong nhan cua nguyen t, va
´ ´ ` ´ ´ ´ ˜
chung cho bang chng la co s suy tınh trc. Hay xem
ˆ ` ` ˜ ´ `
lc hat nhan manh, la lc kım gi cac proton va neutron
´ ˆ
ˆ
` ˆ
lai vi nhau trong nhan cua nguyen t. Nh s lien
` ` ˜ ˆ ´ ´ `
ket nay ma nhng nguyen to khac nhau co the thanh
` ´ ˆ ´ ` ` ´
hınh—cac nguyen to nhe (nh khı heli va oxy) va cac
ˆ ˘ ` ` ` `
nguyen to nang (nh vang va chı). Dng nh neu lc
` ˜ `
˘ ˆ `
´
kım gi nay chı yeu i hai phan tram thoi, thı chı co
´ ´ ´ `
khı hyro mi ton tai. Trai lai, neu lc nay manh hn
´ ´ `
´ ` ´ ˆ ˘
chut ıt, thı chı co the tım c cac nguyen to nang hn,
ˆ ´ ` ´ ´
nhng khong thay khı hyro. Ði song chung ta co b i

ˆ ˜ ´ ` ˘
anh hng khong? Neu vu tru thieu khı hyro, thı mat
` ˜ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ ´
˘
tri se khong co nhien lieu no can e toa ra nang lng
` ˜ ˆ ´ ˜ ˆ ´
thiet yeu cho s song. Va dı nhien, chung ta se khong co
´ ` ´ ` `
nc hay thc pham, vı khı hyro la thanh phan thiet

yeu cua ca hai.

´ ˆ
ˆ ` `
Lc th t trong cuoc thao luan nay, goi la lc hat
ˆ ˆ ˜ ´ ` ˜
nhan yeu, chi phoi s phan ra phong xa. Lc nay cung
ˆ ˆ ˆ ˘ `
chi phoi hoat ong nhiet hach tam trong mat tri. Ban
˜ `
“To hp
nh ng s trung hp”

ˆ ` ´ ´ ` ´
“Neu lc hat nhan yeu m a manh ` hn ch ut ıt, th` ı kh ı
ˆ
heli khong sinh ra c; neu lc ´ nay hi yeu i, thı hau
´ ˜ `
het khı hyro se bien thanh khı heli”.
˜ ` ´ ´ ` ´ ˜
“Ðe vu tru va co khı heli lai va co ca nhng sao
ˆ ´ ` `
sieu mi no tung, thı thi c ay rat ngan ngui. S ton tai
´ ` ˆ ` ˜ `
cua chung ta tuy thuoc vao to hp nhng s trung hp
` ` ` ` ´ ˜ ` `
nay va vao ieu con kho xay ra hn na, la s trung hp ˘
˜ ´ ˘ ˆ ` ˆ
cua nhng mc nang lng hat nhan, do [nha thien van
ˆ ´ ´ ´ ˜ ˆ
Fred] Hoyle tien oan. Khac vi het thay nhng the he
´ ´ ` ` ˆ
trc, chung ta biet mınh t au en. Nhng, nh tat
˜ ˆ ´ ´ ˆ
ca nhng the he trc, chung ta van khong biet tai sao
` ˆ ˜
mınh hien hu” (New Scientist).
˜ ´ ˜ ˆ ` ˆ ˆ
nh the nao?—Cuoc
tranh luan
21
´
` ´
ˆ
co the hoi: ‘Lc nay co c ieu hng tinh vi khong?’
` ´ ˆ ˆ ´
´
Nha toan hoc kiem vat ly hoc Freeman Dyson giai thıch:
` ˆ ` ˆ `
“Lc yeu nay yeu hn lc hat nhan hang trieu lan, ma

`
´ ˘ ` ´
lai chı yeu va phai e cho khı hyro trong mat tri chay

ˆ ˆ ˆ `
mot toc o cham va eu. Neu lc yeu ay manh hn hay
` ` ` ` ` ˆ
yeu i nhieu, thı bat ky hınh the song nao tuy thuoc
` ˜ ` ˘ ` ˜ ˘ ´ ˘
vao nhng vı sao giong nh mat tri, se gap kho khan”.
ˆ ˆ ´ ´ ´ ` ˜
Vang, toc o chay chınh xac nay gi cho ia cau c am
´ ˆ ˆ
`
`
ap—nhng khong b i thieu huy—va bao toan mang song

´
cua chung ta.
˜ ´ ` ´
Hn na, cac khoa hoc gia tin rang lc yeu nay ong
ˆ ` ˜
ˆ ´
mot vai tro trong nhng vu no cua sao sieu mi; theo ho
˜ ` ´ ` ` ˆ
nhng vu no ay la qua trınh sinh ra va phan bo hau het
´ ˆ ` ˆ ´
cac nguyen to. Nha vat ly hoc John Polkinghorne giai

´ ´ ˆ ´ ´ ´ ´ `
thıch: “Neu cac lc hat nhan o khac i chut ıt ve bat ky
ˆ ` ˜ ` ˜ ˆ ` ´
phng dien nao, nhng vı sao se khong the lam ra cac
ˆ ˆ ` ˆ
nguyen to cau tao nen ban va toi”.
´ ´ ´ ˜ ´
Co the noi en nhieu ieu khac na, nhng rat co the
˜
` ´ ˆ
ban a hieu c van e. Bon lc c ban nay co mot
´ ˆ
` ´
mc o ieu hng tinh vi la lung. Giao s Paul Davies
` ` ´
viet: “Nhın khap chung quanh, dng nh chung ta thay
´ ` ˆ ˆ ˜ ´ ´ ´
bang chng la thien nhien a biet cach bo trı khıt khao”.
ˆ ˆ
´ ´
´
`
Vang, o ieu hng chınh xac cua cac lc c ban nay
˘ ` ´ ` ˆ `
khien mat tri co the ton tai va hoat ong; khien hanh
´
´ ´ ´ ` ´
tinh vui thu cua chung ta co nc e duy trı s song, co
´ ˆ ` ´ ˆ
bau khı quyen that thiet yeu cho s song, va co vo so
ˆ ´ ´ ´ ˆ ˜
nguyen to hoa hoc quy bau tren at. Nhng ban hay t

´
´ ´ `
hoi: ‘Tai sao lai co s ieu hng chınh xac en the, va
ˆ
do au?’
˜ ˘ ´ ´
Nh ng ac
iem ly t ng cua trai at

´ ˜ `
´ ´
S ton tai cua chung ta cung oi hoi s chınh xac
˜ ´ ´ ˜ ˜ ´ ´
ve nhng khıa canh khac na. Hay xem kıch thc
` ´
´ ´ ´
va v i trı tng oi cua Trai Ðat oi vi Thai Dng
ˆ ´ ´
He. Quyen sach Giop trong
´ ˘ ˜ ˆ
Kinh-thanh at nhng cau

`
hoi khien ngi oc phai ha

` ˘
mınh xuong nh: “Khi ta at
´ `
ˆ
nen trai at, thı ngi au?...
˜ ˆ ´ ´
Ai a inh o lng [kıch thc,
´ ´ ˘
NW] n o,... ngi c o bi et ch ang?”
´ ` ´ ˆ
(Giop 38:4, 5). Hn bao gi het, cac cau

`

´
`
hoi ay oi hoi phai giai ap. Tai sao? Bi vı
˜ ` ˜ ´ ˆ ´
nhng ieu ky la a c phat hien ve Trai

´ ´ ´ ` ´
Ðat cua chung ta—bao gom kıch thc va v i trı

´ ´ ˆ
cua no trong Thai Dng He.
ˆ ´ ` ` ´ `
Khong co hanh tinh nao nh Trai Ðat c tım thay

´ ˜ ` ´
ni khac trong vu tru. Ðanh rang cac khoa hoc gia ke
´ ´ ` ` ` ´ ˆ
ra bang chng gian tiep la vai vı sao co nhieu vat bay
´ ` ˜ ˆ ´ ´ `
chung quanh chung, la nhng vat ln hn trai at hang
˘ ˆ ´ ´ ´ ´ `

tram lan. Tuy vay, trai at co kıch thc va phai e
´ ´ ˜ `

´
chung ta co the ton tai. Theo nghıa nao? Gia th trai
´ ´ ´ ` ˜ ` ´
at ln hn chut ıt, thı trong lc se manh hn va khı
ˆ ´ ˜ ´ ˆ ´
hyro, mot loai khı nhe, se tıch tu lai, khong the thoat

´ ´ ˜
khoi trong lc cua trai at. Nh the, bau khı quyen se
ˆ ´ ´ ˘ ´
´
khong thıch hp vi s song. Mat khac, gia du trai at

´ ´ ´ ˜ ´ `
nho i chut ıt, khı oxy can cho s song se thoat ra ngoai
ˆ ` ´ ˆ ˘ ˜
khong gian va nc tren mat ia cau se boc hi het.

` ´ ˆ
Trong ca hai trng hp, chung ta eu khong the song
c.
´ ˜ ´ ˘ ` ˆ
´
Trai Ðat cung cach Mat Tri mot khoang ly tng,

´ ´ ` ˆ ˜ ` `
“K` ıch th
c,´ thanh ph an nguy ´ en to,ˆ qu y ao ˜ gan´ nh la` hınh˘
tron ` cuaˆ Trai` Ðat, kho ˆ ang` cach tuy et ` hao ´ gia
Tr ai ´ Ðat va Mat
Trî, m´ ot vı saoˆ lau ˘ i, ˆ het ˆ thay ´ la c ac yeu ` to´ ly´ tng taoˆ
nen` cac ` ieu ´ kien
˜ ´ ac
biet´ tren trai at;ˆ nh˘ co cac ieu kien
nay ma nc a co the tıch tu c ´ tren
mat ˆ at” (Integrated
´ ´
Principles` of Zoology, ˆ in lan th bây). ˆ Khong ´ c o nc,
thı s song khong the xuat hien tren trai at.
˜ ´ ˜ ˆ ` ˆ ˆ
nh the nao?—Cuoc
tranh luan
23
ˆ ´ ˆ

`
mot yeu to thiet yeu giup s song sinh soi nay n. Nha
ˆ ˘ ` ` ´
thien van John Barrow va nha toan hoc Frank Tipler
ˆ ´

` ´ ´ ´ ´
nghien cu “ty so cua ng ban kınh Trai Ðat vi

´ ˜ ´ ` ˘ ` ˆ
khoang cach gia Trai Ðat va Mat Tri”. Ho ket luan
` ˜ ˆ

rang s song con ngi se khong ton tai “gia th ty so
` ´ ´ ´ ´
nay hi khac i chut ıt”. Giao s David L. Block viet:

´ ˘ ` ˆ
˘
“Gia s Trai Ðat gan Mat Tri them chı 5 phan tram,
` ˜ ´ ´ ˆ ˆ ´ `
thı nhng tınh toan cho thay rang mot hieu ng nha
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ ´ ´
ˆ
kınh khong kiem soat noi [nhiet o qua nong bong tren
´ ˜
´ ˆ
ˆ ˘
trai at] a xay ra cach ay khoang 4.000 trieu nam.
˘ ´

´ ˘ ˘ ` ˆ
Mat khac, gia s Trai Ðat c at xa Mat Tri them

˘ ˜ ` ˘ ´ ˆ ´
chı 1 phan tram na, thı bang gia khong kiem soat noi
˜
˘
´ ˆ ´
[nhng tang bang khong lo bao phu phan ln dien tıch
´ ˜
´ ˆ
ˆ ˘
trai at] a xay ra cach ay khoang 2.000 trieu nam”
(Our Universe: Accident or Design?)
` ´ ´ ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
Ngoai s chınh xac neu tren, co the ke them s kien
` ´
´ ` ˆ
la Trai Ðat quay quanh truc cua no moi ngay mot lan,
ˆ ˆ ` ˘ ˆ ˆ ˆ ` ˆ
mot van toc va van e sinh ra nhiet o on hoa. Ngoi Sao
` ˜ ˜
Kim quay quanh truc mat 243 ngay. Ban hay nghı xem,

´ ˜ ˆ ` `
gia s Trai Ðat cung mat mot thi gian dai nh the!
´ ˆ ˜ ˆ ˆ ´ `
Chung ta khong the ch iu noi nhng nhiet o qua cao va
´ ` ` ˆ ` ˆ
qua thap do ngay va em dai nh the gay ra.
ˆ ˜ ` ˜
´
Mot chi tiet thiet yeu na la quy ao cua Trai Ðat
˘ ` ˜ ´ ˜ ˆ
chung quanh Mat Tri. Nhng sao choi co quy ao rong
` ` ´ ˆ
`
hınh ellip. Mng thay, Trai Ðat lai khong trong trng
˜ ´ ` ` `
hp nh the. Quy ao Trai Ðat gan nh la hınh tron.
ˆ ˜ ` ´ ´ ´
´
Mot lan na, ieu nay giup chung ta tranh khoi cai chet
ˆ ˆ ´ ˘ ´
do nhiet o qua cao hoac qua thap.
´ ˜ ˆ
´
´
Chung ta cung khong the bo qua v i trı cua Thai
ˆ

´ ˆ

ˆ `
Dng He. Gia s no gan trung tam cua dai thien ha
`
˜ ` ˆ ˆ ˜
Milky Way hn, thı hap lc cua nhng vı sao lan can se
` ´ ´ ˜ ´

´
lam meo mo quy ao Trai Ðat. Ngc lai, gia s Thai
ˆ
`

ˆ `
´ `
Dng He ngay rıa cua dai thien ha cua chung ta, thı
` ˆ ˜ ˆ ´ ˆ ´ ´
bau tri ban em se khong co mot ang sao. Tuy anh sao
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
24 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
˜ ` ˘
Chı tin nh ng gı ban
thay chang?
` ´ ´ ´ ˆ ˆ ˜
Nhieu ngi co ly trı chap nhan s hien ˘ hu cua
˜ ˆ ˆ ` ´
nhng vat ho khong thay c. Vao thang 1 nam 1997,
´ ` ˆ
˜ ` ˆ ˘
tap
chı˜ Discover tng thuat rang nhng nha thien van
` ˆ ` ˆ
hoc a do ra c khoangˆ 12 v˜ at the ma ho ket luan
` ˜ ` ´
la nhng hanh tinh bay tren quy ao chung quanh cac
ˆ `
ngoi sao xa vi.
ˆ ` ´ ` ´
“Cho en bay gi, cach duy nhat ngi ta biet co
˜ ` ´ ` ` ` ´ `
nhng hanh tinh mi nay la vı trong ´ lc ˆ cua chung lam
ˆ ´
nhieu loan s chuyen ong cua cac ngoi sao me”. Ðung
´ ´ ` ˆ ˘ ´
the, oi vi cac nha thien van hoc, tac dung thay c
` ˘
´ ˜ ˆ
cua trong lc
la can ban e tin rang co nhng thien the
ˆ
khong thay c.

´ ´ ˆ ˆ
Bang chng co c do suy luan—kh ong phai do s
´ ` ˘ ´
quan sat trc tiep—u la can ban e cac khoa hoc gia
ˆ ˜ ` ` ` ˆ
chap nhan nhng gı cha thay. Nhieu ngi tin vao mot
´ ˆ
´ ˘
Ðang Tao Hoa ket luan rang ho co can ban tng t e
ˆ ˆ
chap nhan ieu ho khong the thay.
ˆ ´ ˆ ˘ ˆ
khong thiet yeu cho s song, nhng no khong tang them

˜ ˆ
` ˆ ` ˘ ´ `
ve my le cua bau tri ban em hay sao? Va can c vao
´ ´ ˆ ˆ ˜ ´ ˜
cac khai niem hien
nay ve vu tru, cac khoa hoc gia a
´ `
`

ˆ ` ˆ ´
tınh c la rıa cua dai thien ha Milky Way khong co

´ ˆ ´ ` ` ˆ
u cac nguyen to hoa hoc can thiet e hınh thanh mot
´ ˆ
´
thai dng he nh cua chung ta.1
ˆ ` ˆ
Ð inh luat
va s trat
t
` ˆ ˆ ´ ˜ ˆ ´
Nh kinh nghiem rieng, co le ban biet rang moi vat co
´
` ˆ ˆ ´ `
khuynh hng tr thanh vo trat t.
Nh bat c ngi

` ` ˜ ˜ ` ˆ ˆ ´
chu nha nao cung a tng nhan biet, o vat co khuynh
´
˘ ˆ ˜ ˆ ` ˜ ´
hng h hong hoac phan ra khi khong ai gın gi. Cac
´ ˜ ´ ´ ˆ ` ` `
1 Cac khoa hoc gia a kham pha s trat
´ t ´ va s hoa hp
` la lung

´ ˆ ˜ ´ `
cua cac nguyen to. Nhng bang chng ly thu c trınh bay trong
˜ ´
˜
phan phu luc
“Nhng n v i kien truc cua vu tru”, trang 26.
˜ ´ ˜ ˆ ` ˆ ˆ
nh the nao?—Cuoc
tranh luan
25
´ ` ` ˆ ´ ´
khoa hoc gia goi khuynh hng nay la “nguyen ly th

ˆ ˆ ´ ´
hai cua nhiet ong hoc”.

Chung ta thay tac dung cua
ˆ ´ ` ` `
˘ ` ˆ
nguyen ly nay hang ngay. Neu bo mac, thı mot chiec xe
´ ˜ ` ˆ ˆ ` `
hi hay chiec xe ap mi se thanh phe lieu. Mot toa nha

˜
` ˆ ´ ` ˜ `
bo hoang se tr thanh mot ong o nat. Con vu tru thı
ˆ ´ ˜ ´
´ ˜ ` ´
sao? Nguyen ly ay cung ap dung o na. Vı the ban co
˜ ˆ ˜ ˆ ˜
`
the nghı rang trat t khap vu tru rot cuoc se tr thanh
` ` ˆ ˆ
hoan toan vo trat t.
ˆ ` ` ˆ
˜
Tuy nhien, ieu nay dng nh khong xay ra trong vu
´ ´ ˜ ´ ´
tru, nh giao s toan Roger Penrose a kham pha khi
ˆ ´ ´
´ ˆ
nghien cu ve trang thai cua tınh hon on (hay entropi)
˜ ´ ˆ ´
´ ´
trong vu tru quan sat c. Mot cach dien giai hp ly cac
´ ˆ ` ˆ ˜ ´

phat hien nh the la ket luan rang vu tru luc khi au

ˆ ´ ˆ ` ˆ ` ´
von trong mot trang thai trat t va hien nay van con co
ˆ ˆ ` ˆ ˘ ˆ ´
trat t en cao o. Nha thien van vat ly Alan Lightman
´ ´ ˆ ˜
lu y rang cac khoa hoc gia “thay s kien vu tru c
ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ `
tao
ra trong mot ˆ ieu kien co trat t cao o nh the la
ˆ ´ ´ ˆ `
`
mot ieu bı an”. Ong noi them: “Bat ky gia thuyet nao ve
˜ ` ` ˆ ` ˆ

´
vu tru ma muon thanh cong, thı rot cuoc phai giai thıch
˜ ˆ
ˆ
c van e entropi”—tai sao vu tru lai khong tr nen
ˆ
hon on.
ˆ `
´ ´
That ra thı s ton tai cua chung ta oi ngh ich vi inh
ˆ ˆ ˆ ` ˆ ´ ˆ
luat c cong nhan nay. Vay tai sao chung ta song tren
´ ˜ ´ ˆ ´ ` ˆ
˘
´
trai at? Nh a noi tren, o la cau hoi can ban chung
ˆ
´
ta nen muon c giai ap.
´ ´
Sir Fred
Hoyle
giai˜ thıch trong s´ ach The ´ Nature of the Universe ´
(Ban chàt c ua vuˆ tru): “Ðe tranh ` ne
ˆ c
v an e ve s ˜ sang
tao,
thı ieuˆ kien can thiet la h` et thˆ ay vat ch´ at trong vu tru
ph ai xa` vo h an,
` nhng i
` eu n
˜ ay kh ong ˆ e co ´ c....
th ˆ Hyro`
dan da˜ bien thanh heli ` va nh` ng` nguyen to khac... ˆ Vay thı tai ˆ
sao vu tr` u g an nh` ho ` an to` an l a
ˆ hyro? N eu v at
ch
` at xa vo
han,
thı i´ eu n ay ho an toan˜ khong ˆ the c. ` V˜ ı th` e, khi xem
xˆ et ban ch´ at cua´ vu tru hi en nay, thı ro´ rang
khong the tranh ne c van e ve s sang tao”.
26
P H U L U C
˜ ´ ˜
“Nh ng n v i kien truc cua vu tru”

´ ` ´ ˆ ` ´ ˆ ´
Ðo la cach mot t ien bach khoa hien ai ve khoa hoc dienˆ ta c´ ac
ˆ ´ ´ ˆ ˆ ´ ´
nguy` en to ˆhoa hoc. ` C ac nguy ` enˆ to tr en ´trai ` at khac ` nhau˜ mot cach ˆ
la lung; mot so thı hiem, con mot so khac thı doi dao. Nhng nguyen
` ´ ´ ` ˜ ´
to chang han nh vang co the thu hut th i hieu ngi ta. Nhng cai
´ ´ ˆ ´ ˆ `
khac the khı, tham chı khong thay c, chang han nh nit va
ˆ ˆ ˆ ` ´ ´
oxy. Moi nguyen to c cau tao b` i ˆmot lo ai nguyen t nao o. Cach
´ ˆ ˆ ´ ˜
cac nguyen t c ´ xep hang va lien he vi nhau bieu at s hu
ˆ ` ´ ´ ´ ˆ
hieu va cach to chc ang phuc, theo th t giong mot o bieu.
´ ˆ ˘ ` ´ ˆ
Cach ay khoang 300 nam, ng
i ta` chı bi et c` o 12 nguy ˆ en to
—antimon, asen, bitmut, cacbon, ong, vang, sat, chı, thuy ngan, bac, ´
` ` ´ ˆ ´ ´ ˆ
lu huynh va thiec. Khi cac nguyen to c kham pha them, cac
ˆ ´ ´ ˆ ´ ˜ ˆ ` ´ ´
khoa hoc gia nhan thay chung co mot th t ro ret. Vı th t ay co
˜ ˆ ´
nhng khoang trong, nen cac khoa hoc gia nh Mendeleyev, Ramsay,
` ˜ ˘ ´ ˆ ˜ ´ ˆ
Moseley, va Bohr a at ra ly thuyet ve s hien ´ hu cua c´ ac nguyen
` ` ˜ ˘ ´
to cha t ım c v a nh ng ac t ınh c ua ch ung. Sau o khoa h oc
´ ´ ´ ˆ ` ´ ˜ ´ ´
kham pha cac nguyen to nay ung nh a d oan. Tai sao cac khoa
´ ˜ ´ ˆ ´ ˜ ´ `
hoc gia o a co the tien oan nhng chat cha ai biet luc bay gi?
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˘ ´ ` ´
Cac nguyen to sap theo th t so t nhien can c vao cau truc cua
˜ ˆ ´ ˆ ` ˆ ˆ ˜ ´
nhng nguyen t cua chung. Ðay la mot luat a c chng
` ` ´ ´ ´ ´ inh ´ ˆ
minh. Vı the ma cac sach giao khoa co the sap xep cac nguyen to
` ` ` ˆ `
thanh hang va cot trong bang tuan hoan—hyro, heli, v.v...
´ ˆ ´
Sach McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science & Technology nhan xet:
` ` ˆ ˆ ´ ´ ˆ ´ ` ´ ´
“Dˆ ung lam phng tien bieu
` hien th t ´ cua thé gii
vat ly, thı ıt c o
he thong nao trong l ich s khoa hoc co the sanh bang bang tuan
` ` ˜ ˆ ´ ` ´ ´ ´
hoan.... Bat ky nhng nguyen to mi nao co the c kham pha trong
´ ˜ ´ ` ´ ´
tng lai, chac chan no se co cho trong bang tuan hoan, ung vi
´ ` ´ ˜ ˘ ´ ˆ ` ˆ
th t trong bang va co nhng ac tınh rieng cua tng ho nguyen to”.
´ ˆ ` ` ˆ
Khi cac nguyen to c sap xep theo hang va cot cua bang tuan
` ` ` ´ ˆ ` ˜ ´ ˆ
hoan, thı ngi ta thay co moi quan he la lung gia cac nguyen to
` ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ ` ´
trong
cung mot c ot. Thı du, trong cot cuoi cung c o heli (S` o 2), neon
(So 10), agon (So 18), krypton (So 36), xenon (So 54), va raon (So
´ ´ ` ´ ˜ ´ ` ˆ `
86). Cac khı nay chieu sang rc ` r khi co dong ien ˆ truyen qua, va
` ˆ ´ ˆ ` `
c d ung trong m ot s o b ong en i en. Ngo ai ra, kh ong nh v ai lo ai
´ ´ ´ ´ ` ˆ ´ ` ´ ˆ
khı khac, cac khı nay khong phan ng de dang vi nhieu nguyen to
´
khac nhau.
ˆ ˆ ˜ ˜ ˆ ˆ `
That ` vay, ˆ vu tru—ngay ´ ca en nhng hat nguyen t—bieu lo s hoa
ˆ ` ˆ ˆ ˆ
hp ` va trat ` t ang kinh ngac. Ð au la nguyen nhan cua s trat t,
˜ ´ ´ ˜
hoa hp, va a dang nh the gia cac n v i kien truc cua vu tru?
´
hyro ˆ ˆ
KH I
Ten cua nguyen to HIEM
´ ˆ
Ky hieu
VIII
H ˆ
Nguyen t so

heli
1 ´

KIM LOAI
A KIM He

2
I II III IV V VI VII
lithi beryli bo cacbon nit oxy flo neon

Li Be B C N O F Ne
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
ˆ `
natri magie nhom silic photpho lu huynh clo argon
ˆ

S trat
Na Mg ´ ˆ Al Si P S Cl Ar
11 12 S CHUYEN TIEP CAC NGUYEN TO 13 14 15 16 17 18
˜
kali canxi scani titan vanadium crom mangan sat coban ken ong kem gali gecmani aren selen brom krypton
`
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
`
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

rubii stronti ytri ziriconi niobi molipen techneti ruteni roi palai bac
caimi ini thiec antimon teluri iot xenon
`
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
´
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
` ˆ `
xesi bari hafni tantali wonfram reni osmi irii platin vang thuy ngan tali chı bitmut poloni astatin raon
` t v a s hoa hp

Cs Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
55 56 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
franxi rai
´
Fr Ra
ˆ
87 88 104 105 106 107 108 109
ˆ
lantan xeri praseoym neoim prometi samari europi gaolini tecbi iprozi honmi erbi tuli ytecbi luteti
˜
´
Day
lantanoit La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
ˆ
cua cˆ ac nguyen to trong
actini thori protactini urani neptuni plutoni amerixi curi beckeli califoni einsteini fermi menelevi nobeli lorenxi
˜

Day Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
actinoit 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
Bang tuan hoan cac nguyen to hoa hoc
bang tuan hoan phan anh s ngau nhien hay thiet ke thong minh?
C H N G BA
ˆ `
Ðau la nguon cua s song?
´
´ ` `
TRAI ÐAT cua chung ta ay day s song. T vung Bac

´ ` ˆ ´ `
Cc tuyet phu cho en canh rng nhiet i Amazon, t
` ` ´
Sa Mac Sahara cho en vung am lay Everglades, t ay
´
´ ´ `
bien toi en cho en cac ınh nui sang ngi—s song
` ˆ ` ´ ´ ˘ ` ´
tran ngap. Va no co nhieu tiem nang lam chung ta kinh
ngac.
ˆ ˜ ´ ˜ `
S song hien hu di nhieu loai, tam c va so lng,
´ ´ ´ ˆ `

nhieu en mc trı oc ta khong the nao tng tng noi.
´ ˆ ˆ ˆ ` ˆ ` ˆ ˆ
Co mot trieu loai con trung keu vo ve va ngo nguay tren
` ´ ` ´ ˆ ´ ´
hanh tinh chung ta. Hn 20.000 loai ca bi loi di nc
ˆ ´
˜ ´ `
—mot so ca nho bang hat gao, nhng con khac lai dai

´ ´ ` ˆ ˆ `
bang xe tai. Co ıt nhat 350.000 loai thc vat—m ot so loai
ˆ ` ` ` ˆ ` ˆ ˘
trong ky d i, con a so thı ep tuyet vi—to iem cho mat
` ˆ ` ˆ ` ´ ˆ
at. Va tren 9.000 loai chim bay tren tri. Cac sinh vat
` ´ ´ ` ` ˆ
` `
nay, trong o co loai ngi, tao nen canh tng va s hai
` ` ´ `
hoa ma chung ta goi la s song.
` ˆ

´
Nhng ky dieu hn ca ve a dang thu v i chung
´ ` ` ˆ ´
quanh chung ta la s hoa hp sau xa ket noi chung
´ ˜ ` ´ ˆ ´ ˘
vi nhau. Nhng nha sinh hoa hoc nghien cu can
˜ ´ ˆ ˆ
´
ke cac sinh vat tren at, giai thıch rang tat ca sinh
ˆ ` ` ˜ ` `
vat—d
u la nhng con amip hay con ngi—eu tuy
ˆ ` ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ ´ ˜
thuoc vao mot s tng tac tuyet dieu: s hp tac gia
´ ` ` ´ ˆ
cac axit nucleic (DNA va RNA) va cac phan t protein.

´ ´ ` ´ ˆ ´ `
Cac qua trınh phc tap lien quan en cac thanh phan
`

´ `

nay xay ra trong hau het tat ca cac te bao cua c the
´ ˜ ´ `

chung ta, cung nh trong cac te bao cua con chim ruoi,

` ´ ´ `
s t va ca voi. S tng tac ong eu nay sinh ra s
˜ ` `
song a dang, ep nh tranh ve. S song hai hoa nh
˜
´ ` ˆ ˆ ˆ `
the a xay ra cach nao? That vay, au la nguon cua s

song?
ˆ `
Ðau la nguon cua s song? 29
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ` ` ˆ
Rat co the ban chap nhan rang co mot thi ky khong
´ ˆ ´ ´ ` ´
co s song tren trai at. Khoa hoc ong y, va nhieu sach
ˆ ´ ˜ ˆ ´ ˆ
ton giao cung vay. Song, ban co the nhan thay rang hai
` ` ˆ ´
´ ´
nguon nay—khoa hoc va ton giao—giai thıch khac nhau
ˆ
ve nguon goc s song tren at.
` ˆ ` ˆ ` ˆ
Hang trieu ngi thuoc moi trınh o hoc van tin rang
ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
mot Ðang Tao Hoa thong minh, Ðang Thiet Ke au tien,
˜ ˆ `
a tao ra s song tren at. Ngc lai, nhieu nha khoa
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
30 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
´ ˆ ˆ
Co bao nhieu c may cho s ngau nhien?
ˆ ` ˆ ` ˆ
“S ng` au nhi en,´ va ch ´ ı mot ˆ mınh s ngau nhien ` sinh ` ra
tat ca, t khoi nc sup ` nguy en th uy cho en
´ lo ngi”.
ai
Christian ´ de Duve, ng
i chi em giai Nobel, ˆ phat bi eu nh ˆ the´
khi` ` noi v e ngu ´ on goc´ s song.ˆ Tuy nhi ˆ en, s ng au nhien ˆ co
la li giai thıch hp ly ve nguyen nhan cua s song khong?
ˆ ` ` ` ` ˜ ´ ` ˆ ´ ´
S ngau nhi ˆ en ´ a gı?ˆ Vai ngi ngh
l ˆ ı o ˆ la mot xac suat toan ˆ
hoc, ´ nh ˆ vi ec
` ´b ung m ot
´ ong ti
` en l en kh ong ` trung. ´ Tuy ` nhi en,
o kh ˆ ong phai ´ la cach cac nh a khoa hoc dúng nh ` om t “ngau
nhien” ˆ khi noi v` e nguon goc sˆ song. ´ Nh` om´ t m ´ ho “ngau
nhien”ˆ c ˆ dung thay ` cho m ot ˆ nh om t
ch ınh ˆ x ac hn, ˆ nh
´
“nguyen nhan”, nhat la khi khong ai biet nguyen nhan o.
` ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ ´
´ Nha vat ly sinh vˆ at Donald M.` MacKay ´ nhan xet:´ “Nh an ˆ cach ´
hoaˆ ‘s ` ngau nhi ˆ en’,´ nh th ˆ e la ch ´ ung ´ ta ang ` noi ´ veˆ mot tac
nhan, la oi m ´ ot ˆ cach kh ong chınh ´ ang tˆ khái niem khoa
hoc sang khai niem than tho´ ai ˜ hi
co ve
ton gi´ ao”. Tng tˆ
nhˆ the, ˆ Robert C. Sproul ` noi ro rang: ˆ “Bang cach ˆ g` oi nguyen ˆ
nhan kh ong ai` biet la ‘s ngauˆ nhien’
trong ˜ ´ mot ˆ thi gian lau
nh th e, ´ ng i ta b at ` au qu ` en r ang a c o m ot
s thay th e
roi.... ˆ Ð oi
v i nhi
´ eu ng ˆ i, th
ˆ ı i eu ˆ gi a thi et cho ˜ ´ r ang ‘s ˜ ` ng au
nhien bang ˆ vi
nguy´ en nhan ˆ khong ˆ ai biet’ a co nghıa la ‘s
ngau nhien bang vi nguyen nhan’ ”.
` ` ˆ ` `
Nha oat ´ giai´ Nobel ˆ Jacques ˆ L. Monod
´ la mot ˆ ngi ˆ dung `
phng
ˆ ph ap l y lu an
“ng au
ˆ nhi ` en b ang` v i` nguy en nh an” n ay.`
Ong´ viet:` “S ng au nhien, d u ho an ´ toan t do nhng m u
qu ang,´ la goc re ` duy nhat cua` cau truc
nguy nga ˆ cua ` thuyet
tien hoa. Cuoi cung, ˆ ` con ng ˜ i biet rang´ chı m ot mˆ ınh h o `
trong s bao la ˆ v o t ınh c ua v
´ ˆ u tr u, trong ´ o h o ` xu at hi en ch ı nh ˆ
s ngau `nhien”. Xin ` lu y, ong ay` noi:´ ‘NH ` s ng` au nhi ˆ en’.
Monod lam ˆ i ˆ eu` ma nhieu ˆ ng ˆ i khac th ng lam—t on sˆ
ngau nhien` len lam nguy ´ en nh ` an´ cua s song. ´ ˆ S ng ´ au nhien
c cho la phng cach nh o s song co tren trai at.
ˆ ´ ˜ ˆ ` ˆ
at Th ` ra, ` cac t ien ` inh nghıa “s˜ ngau nhi en” la ˆ “nh´ an
toˆ m` a ngiˆ ta cho la ´ quyet` inhˆ nhng i eu´ xay ra mot cach ˆ
vo tınh, khong m uc ıch,´ va khong ai gi ´ ai thıch c nguy ˆ en`
do”. ` Nh th´ e, n
eu ai´ noi s song ` ph ´ at sinh ˆ ng ˆ au nhien, th´ı
ng i` ay n ` oi rang ` no xay´ ra nh tacˆ nhanˆ khong ai bi ˆ et. ´ Co
thé nao
vai ng ˜ i ang noi v˜ e “Nguy ` en nhan” ´ c ˘ nhan cach
hoa bang ch hoa ‘N’—nghıa la Ðang Tao Hoa chang?
ˆ `
´
` ˆ
hoc noi rang s song nay sinh t chat vo sinh, sau khi

´ ´ `
` `
trai qua nhieu phan ng hoa hoc, va chı nh vao s ngau
ˆ ` ˆ ˆ `
nhien ma thoi. Vay thı, s song c tao ra, hay s song
´ ˆ
phat sinh do ngau nhien?
´ ˆ ˆ ˜ `
Chung ta khong nen nghı rang van e hi xa vi,
ˆ ´ ´ ˆ ´ ` ˆ `
khong dınh dang en viec chung ta tım kiem mot i
´ ˜ ˜ ´ ˆ ˆ ˜
song ay y nghıa hn. Nh a noi tren, mot trong nhng
ˆ
˘
` ` ` ˆ
cau hoi rat can ban ma con ngi hang tım kiem cau tra
` ` ` ´ ˆ `
li la: Con ngi chung ta do au ma ra?
˜ ´ ` ´
Hau het nhng giao trınh khoa hoc chu trong en s
´ `
˜ `
thıch nghi va sinh ton cua nhng the song thay vı en
ˆ
` ´
cau hoi quan trong hn, ay la chınh nguon goc cua s

´ ˜ ˜ ˆ ´
´
song. Co le ban a nhan thay cac no lc giai thıch nguon
` ` ` ´
goc s song thng c trınh bay tong quat nh: ‘Qua
` ˆ ˘ ´ ˆ
` ´
hang trieu nam, cac phan t va cham nhau va bang cach
` ´ ˆ
` ´ ˆ
nao o sinh ra s song’. Song, cau tra li ay co that s

˜ ˆ ´ ˜ ` ´ ˘
thoa man khong? Ðieu ay co nghıa la di nang lng

˘ ` ´ ´
ˆ ` ´
cua mat tri, tia chp, hay nui la, chat vo sinh nao o
˜ ˆ ´ ´ ˜ ` ˆ
a chuyen ong, phat trien cau truc hu c, va rot cuoc

˜ `
` ˆ
bat au song—tat ca nhng ieu nay xay ra ma khong
´ ˜ ` ˆ ` ˆ ´
can ai giup va ieu khien. That la mot bc nhay vot

´ ` ˆ ` ˜
ln biet bao! T chat vo sinh thanh hu sinh! S song
˜ ´
´ ´ ˆ
a co the nay sinh ra bang cach o khong?
` ` ´ ˜ ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ
Vao thi Trung Co, co le chap nhan mot khai niem
` ˆ ` ` ` `
nh the dng nh khong thanh van e, vı vao thi ay
` ´ ´ ˆ ´ ˆ
a so ngi ta tin co s phat sinh t nhien—khai niem
˜ ´
ˆ ` ˆ
cho rang s song a co the nay sinh t nhien t chat vo´
` `
´ ˆ ˜ `
sinh. Cuoi cung, vao the ky th 17, mot y sı ngi Y
` ´ `
ˆ
la Francesco Redi, chng minh rang doi chı xuat hien
˜
´ ˆ
trong th it thoi sau khi ruoi a e trng tren th it. Neu
ˆ ˆ ` ` ˆ ´ ` ˜
ruoi khong au vao th it thı khong co doi. Neu nhng con
ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
` ´
vat ln nh ruoi khong t nhien nay sinh ra, thı noi sao
´ ˆ ˆ ˘ ` ´ ˆ
ve cac vi sinh vat xuat hien trong o an—du co ay lai
ˆ ` ´ ˜ ˆ ´ ˆ
hay khong? Du rang sau o nhng cuoc thı nghiem cho
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
32 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
´ ˆ ˆ ˆ ´
biet cac vi sinh vat khong t nhien phat sinh, van e van
` ˆ ˆ ˆ `
´
con gay tranh luan. Roi en cong trınh khao cu cua
Louis Pasteur.
` ´ ˆ ` ˆ ´
Nhieu ngi nh lai rang cong trınh nghien cu cua

´ ˆ ` ˆ
Pasteur gi ˆ ai ap van e ve s len men va benh truyen
˜ ˆ ˜ ´ ˆ ´
nhiem. Ong cung thc hien nhng thı nghiem e xac
˜
´ ´ ´
inh xem nhng the song nho be co the t phat sinh
ˆ ´ ˜ ˆ
c hay khong. Ban co the a oc ve Pasteur; ong
´
˜
´ ˜
chng minh rang ngay ca nhng vi khuan nho be cung
ˆ ` ` ´ ` ` ˆ
khong hınh thanh trong nc c tay trung va khong
ˆ ` ˘ ˆ ˆ ´
b i o nhiem. Vao nam 1864, ong tuyen bo: “Ly thuyet ve
´ ˆ ˜ ˆ ` ´ ˆ
s phat sinh t nhien se khong bao gi ngoc au len
` ˆ ´ ˆ
` ´ ˆ `
c vı b i cuoc thı nghiem n gian nay giang mot on
´
˜ ` ` ´ ´ ´
chı t”. Nhng li ay van con ung. Cha he co thı
ˆ ` ` ˆ
nghiem nao tao c s song t chat vo sinh.
` ˜ ˆ ´ `
The thı s song a sinh ra tren trai at nh the nao?
˜ ˆ
´ ˆ
´ ´ ˜
Nhng no lc hien ai co giai ap cau hoi o co the a
ˆ
ˆ `
` ´
bat au trong thap ky 1920, do cong trınh cua nha hoa
` ` ` `
sinh hoc ngi Nga la Alexander I. Oparin. Ke t thi
´ ˆ ` ˜ ´ ˜

o, ong va nhng khoa hoc gia khac a a ra gia thuyet
ˆ

`

giong nh mot k ich ban ba hoi; v k ich nay dien ta ieu
` ˜ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ
ho cho la a dien ra tren san khau ia cau. Hoi mot mieu

˜ ˆ
´ ˆ ˆ
ta nhng nguyen to cua trai at, hay nguyen lieu, c
` ` ´ ˆ
` ´
bien oi thanh tng nhom phan t. Ke en la bc nhay

˜ ˆ
´ `

vot sang nhng phan t ln. Va hoi cuoi cua v k ich

` ´
` ˆ
trınh dien bc nhay vot sang te bao song au tien.
´ ˆ
´ ´
Nhng s song co that s nay sinh ra theo cach o
ˆ
khong?
ˆ
´ ` `
´
Trong tam cua tan k ich o la li giai thıch rang bau
´ ´
´ ´ ´
khı quyen luc au cua trai at khac xa bau khı quyen
` ˆ

´
ngay nay. Mot hoc thuyet gia s rang khı oxy t do hau
ˆ ´ ` ´ ˆ `
nh khong co va cac nguyen to nit, hyro va cacbon tao
` ` ´ ˆ ´
thanh amoniac va metan. Khai niem ay cho rang khi set
` ´
´ ˆ ` ´ ´
va tia sang t ngoai tac ong vao hon hp gom cac khı
ˆ `
ˆ ` ˆ
˜ ˆ
´ Hien
nay, nhieu khoa hoc gia nh
˜ ın ˆ nhan
r ang ´ nhng phan tˆ
phc tap thiet yeu cho s song a kh´ ong´ the phat sinh ´ t nhi
` en ´
trong khoi nc sup tien sinh thai nao o
` ` ´ ` ` `
nay va hi nc, thı ng va axit amin sinh ra. Tuy
ˆ ´ ˆ `

nhien, can nh rang ay la gia thuyet.
` ˜ ˆ
ˆ
Theo thuyet nay, nhng hon hp phan t nh the troi
˘ ˜ ´ ´ ˆ
dat xuong bien hoac nhng khoi nc khac. Qua mot
` ` ` ` ˜ ´
thi gian dai, ng, axit va nhng chat hon hp khac
ˆ ˘ ` ´ ´ ´
co ac lai thanh khoi nc “sup tien sinh thai”; trong
´ ` ´
o axit amin, chang han, tong hp thanh protein. Noi
ˆ
` ` ´ ´
rong
ra theo gia thuyet nay, thı cac hp chat khac goi
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
34 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
` ` ` `
`
la nucleotit hp thanh tng chuoi va tr thanh axit
`
`
nucleic, chang han nh DNA. Ngi ta gia inh la tat

˜ ` ˜

`
ca nhng ieu nay a sa soan cho hoi cuoi cua man
´ ˆ
´ ´
k ich do cac phan t ong vai chınh.
` ` ˆ ´ ` ˆ ` ´
Hoi k ich cuoi nay, la mot hoi cha co tai lieu nao chng
´ ˆ
ˆ ˆ `
minh noi, co the c mieu ta nh mot chuyen tınh.
˜ ˆ
` ` ` ˘ ˆ
Nhng phan t protein va DNA tınh c gap nhau, nhan
` ˆ ` ´
ra nhau va om ghı lay nhau. Roi ngay trc khi v k ich

` ` ` ˆ
ha man, thı te bao song au tien c sinh ra. Neu ban
˜ ` ´
ˆ ` ˆ
theo doi tan k ich nay, ban co the t hoi: ‘Ðay la hien thc
ˆ ˆ
ˆ ´ ˜
hay cau chuyen tng tng? S song tren trai at a
´ ˆ ˘
co the that s bat au nh the chang?’
` ´ ˆ ˘
Tao
c
s song trong phong thı nghiem
chang?
` ˆ
´ `
Vao au thap ky 1950, cac khoa hoc gia bat tay vao
ˆ
ˆ
ˆ
viec th nghiem thuyet cua Alexander Oparin. Mot s
ˆ ˜ ´ `
kien a c chng minh la s song chı sinh ra bi s

` ˆ ˆ ´
song ma thoi. Tuy nhien, cac khoa hoc gia a ra gia

` ´ ˆ ´ ˆ ´ ´
thuyet la neu cac ieu kien khac biet trong qua kh, s
˜ ´ ´ ` ˆ ´
song a co the dan dan phat sinh t chat vo sinh. Co ai
´ ´ ˆ `
co the chng minh c ieu ay khong? Nha khoa hoc
` ` ` ˆ ` ´
Stanley L. Miller, la ngi lam viec trong phong thı
ˆ
˜ ˆ
nghiem cua Harold Urey, cho nhng tia ien (giong nh
´ ´ ˆ ˆ ` ´ ˆ ˆ ´ ´
tia set) loe len trong mot bınh thı nghiem ay kın, cha
´ ´ ´
hon hp cac khı hyro, amoniac, metan, hi nc (gia

ˆ ` ´ ˆ
` ´ ˆ
s rang ay la bau khı quyen nguyen thuy), va nc soi
´ ´ ` ` ˆ
di ay bınh (e thay the bien). Trong vong mot tuan,
´ ˜ ˆ ´ `
` ˆ ´
co nhng vet nht mau o o trong bınh. Phan tıch
` ´
chat nay, Miller thay co nhieu axit amin—tinh chat cua

´ ˜ ´ ´ ˆ ` ` ˜
protein. Ban co the a nghe noi en thı nghiem nay, vı a
˘ ´ ´ ´ ` ´ `
nhieu nam cac sach giao khoa ve khoa hoc va giao trınh
`
´ ˆ ` ´
trong trng hoc n c thı nghiem nay nh the no giai

´
ˆ ´
thıch c nguon goc cua s song tren at. Nhng co
´ ˆ
ung the khong?
ˆ `
ˆ ` ˆ ˆ ´
That ra, ngay nay nhieu nghi van c neu len ve gia

ˆ ´ ˆ

tr i cua cuoc thı nghiem cua Miller. (Xem “Co ien nhng

`
`
lai
kha nghi”, trang 36, 37). Nhng du sao, ve thanh
ˆ ` ` ˜ ˆ ´ ˆ ´
cong be ngoai nay a en nhng cuoc thı nghiem khac,
ˆ ´
˜ ` `
tham chı san xuat c nhng thanh phan tım thay
´ ˜ ˆ
trong cac axit nucleic (DNA hay RNA). Nhng chuyen
` ` ´ `
gia trong nganh nay (co khi goi la khoa hoc gia ve nguon

` ` ` ˜
goc s song) cam thay lac quan, vı dng nh la ho a
˘ ˆ
ˆ
´
lap
lai c hoi mot cua tan k ich do phan t ong vai
´ ` ` ` ˜ ˆ
chınh. Va dng nh la ho se thc hien c hai hoi kia
` ´ ˆ ˆ ´ ´ ˆ
trong phong thı nghiem. Mot giao s hoa hoc tuyen bo:
´ ` ` ´
´
“Ta thay c cai ngay ma ta co the giai thıch nguon goc

ˆ
´ ` ´ ˆ
cua s song nguyen thuy bang qua trınh tien hoa”. Mot
ˆ ´ ˆ ´ ´ ` ˆ `
cay but ve khoa hoc nhan xet: “Cac nha phe bınh suy
´ ˆ ˆ ˜ ˜
oan rang khong bao lau na nhng khoa hoc gia nh
˜
tien sı Frankenstein trong tieu thuyet cua Mary Shelley,

˜ ´ ˆ ` ´ ˆ `
se tao c cac vi sinh vat trong phong thı nghiem, va
´ ` ` ` ˜
do o trınh bay tng chi tiet s song a bat nguon nh
` ` ˜ ` ´
the nao”. Nhieu ngi nghı la ieu bı an ve nguon goc
´
˜

t phat cua s song a c giai quyet. (Xem “Tay phai,

´
tay trai”, trang 38).
´ ´ ´ `
Y kien oi thay—Cac ieu bı an con lai

ˆ ˘ ` ´ ˜
Tuy nhien, qua nhieu nam ke t o, niem lac quan a
ˆ
˜ ˆ ` ´ ´
tan bien. Nhieu thap ky a troi qua, va cac bı an cua s

`

˘ ˆ ´
song van con nan giai. Khoang 40 nam sau cuoc thı
ˆ
ˆ ´ ´ ´ ´
nghiem cua ong, giao s Miller noi vi tap chı Scientific
´ ´ ´ `
“[Vi khu
` an ´ nh
o nhat] c´ o rat nhi eu net tng ong vi ` ngi ta
hn
˜ ´ la c´ ac honˆ hp ´ hoa ` hoc cua ˆ Stanley
´ Miller,
` ˆ bi` vı vi´ khuan
a co` cacˆ thuoc tınh nay c ua h
` e hoa sinh.
V ı v ay
` ´ ma b ` ay
c nh
t mot vi
khuan sang ´ ng i ta ngan hn la b c
nhay t
hon hp c´ ac axit amin sang con vi khuan ay”
(Giao s sinh hoc Lynn Margulis).
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
36 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?

Co ien nh ng lai
kha nghi
ˆ ´ ˆ ` ˘
Cu` oc th ı nghiem cua ` Stanley
Miller
´ ` v ao nam ´ 1953
thng ˆ
˜ ´ c a
ra l am b ang ´ ch ´ ng l a s ˆ ph ` at sinh ´ t
nhi ˆ en a c o th e ` x ay ra trong ` qu a kh . ´ Tuy nhi
en l i gi ai ˆ th ıch
cua ong ´ da vao ´ ´ gia thiet la bau khı quy en´ thu ˜ nguy ` en´ s
cua´ trai ât “co tınh kh hyro”. Ðieu ay ˆ co ngh ´ ıa la n´ o chˆ ı
cha ˆ mot lng ´ toi thieu oxy t do (khong hoa hp vi mot
nguyen to khac). Tai sao?
´
Sach The´ Mystery of Life’s Origin: Reassessing ´ Current ´
Theories (B
ˆ ı an ` c ua ngu ˜
on g oc s s ong:
´ T ai th am inh cac ˆ
thuyˆ et hi` en hˆ anh) ˆchı ro rang neu ` co nhieu ` oxy ` t do ` hien
dién,
thı ‘kh ` ong m ` ot axit ˘ amin ˜ n ao ` c h ` ınh th
` ` anh, v a ´ n eu `
co ´ c ˜ hınh ˜ thanh ˜ chang na´ nh s tınh c nao o, thı
ch´ ung cung ` s e tan´ r a nhanh ch
ˆ ong’.1 ˜ Gi a inh c ua Miller
´ ` v e
cai goi la bau khı quyen nguyen s vng chac en mc nao?
ˆ ` ˆ ˘
Trong
ˆ ´ mot b ˆ ai tham ˆ luan co ien xuat ˜ ban ˆ hai ˜ nam´ sau
cu` oc
th ´ ı ´ nghiem ´ cua ong,´ Miller vi˜ et: “D ´ ı nhien nh ˆ ng y kien
nay´ co tınh c ach ´ suy oan, ´ ´ bi le chung ta khong ˆ biet´ bau´
khı quyen ` cua` trai at co tınh` kh hyro
hay kh´ ong, luc n o
` c hınh thanh.... Cha ai tım c bang chng tr c tiep `
nao” (Journal of the American Chemical Society, so ra ngay
12-5-1955).
´ `
´ ` ˆ ˘
Co aiˆ tım´ c bang chng nao khong? Kho ` ang` 25 nam ´
sau, cay but khoa hoc Robert C.˜ Cowen ` t
ng trınh: “Cac
khoa hoc gia´ ang phai suy
nghı ´ lai vai` gia thuyet ˆ cua ´ ho.... ˆ
Cha
thay co may´ may bang chˆ ng nao´ ung ho` khai niem `
cho rang bau khı quyˆ en nguyen s ´ co ˆ doi dao
hyro´ va
kh hyro en cao ´ o; ˆ nhng ´ lai co mot so bang ch ng ´
oi´ ngh ich lai khai niem o” (Technology Review, so bao
thang 4-1981).
` ` ´ ` ` ˘
Va ke t ´ o thı sao? Vao nam 1991, John Horgan ˆ viet ˆ
trong tap chı Scientific American: “Trong khoang thap nien
´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ `
1 Kh˘ ı oxy´ co ai lc
cao. Th` ı du, no´ hoa h p vi s at,´ tao
th
anh´
gı, hoac v i hyro, tao thanh nc. Neu bau khı quyen co
´ ˆ ` ´ ˜ ´
nhieu khı oxy khi axit amin tap hp
lai, thı no s e nhanh chong
´ ´ ´ ˆ ˜ ` ´ ˜ ´
hoa hp v i cac phan t hu c va pha r a chung khi c
` `
hınh thanh.
ˆ `
` ´ ` ´
va qua, câc gia ` inh cua ` Urey ` va˘ Miller ve bau kh ı quyen´
thu ˆ nguyèn s ` c ang ´ ng ay
ˆ c ang ´ g ap
ˆ nhi eu nghi v an. ´ Khi th ı
nghiem ˆ va dung´ may ien toan xay dng
lai
b´ au khı quy en
nguy
en s... ` c˘ ac khoa ` h oc gia ` thay r ang´ ph ong xa cua ˘ tia
t ngoai ´ t m ´ at tr i, ˜ tuy ngay nay ´ c ˆ lp ozone ´ chan lai,
nhng l´ uc o chac a ˆ huy hoai ´ cac phan t ch a hyro trong
bau` khı quy ˜ en.... ˆ Mot ˆ bau khı quyen nh the ´ [cacbon dioxit`
va´ nit] s e kh
ong thu an
li cho s tong hp cac axit amin va
cac tien the cua s song”.
ˆ ` `
´
Vay
ˆ th ı tai sao´ nhi eu´ ng ´ i v an tin r ang ` b´ au´ kh ı quyen
nguy´ en s cua trai at co tınh kh hyro va cha ıt oxy? Trong
sach Molecular ` Evolution ` and the ´ Origin óf Life, Sidney W.
Fox ` v a Klaus ´ Dose ˆ tr ´ a l i: B
ˆ au kh ´ ı quy en

o at ph ai ˜ thi eu ˘ oxy,
bi vı “c ´ ac cu oc
th´ ı nghi ´ em ch ng ` ` ´ to r ang oxy s e ng an tr
phan ln sˆ tien hoa˜ hoa hoc”, va bi v` ı cac` hon hp nh axit
amin ˆ “kh ˆ ong ben vng qua nhieu thi ky ia chat neu oxy
hien dien”.
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ´
´
ong phai´ ly lu an
Ð o kh luan quanˆ sao? C´ ac´ khoa hoc gia
noi rang ` b au ´ kh ı quy en thu ˆ nguy en s c o t ınh ˆ kh hyro,
bi
vı s´ phat ` sinh´ t nhien cua ` s song ˆ khong ´ ` the xay ra
bàng cach´ nao khac. ˜ ´ ´ Nhng k y th c kh ong c o g ı ch ac chan
la bau khı quyen a co tınh kh hyro.
` ˆ ´ ˆ ´ ´
Con mot chi tiet´ ang lu tam ˆ khac: Neu hon hp kh´ ı bieu`
trng ´ cho ˆ bau khı quyen, tia ien ` t` ng trng tia chp, va`
n c s` oi thayˆ th e´ cho bi ˆ en, ` th ı nh a khoa h oc s ap x ep ` va
tien hanh cuoc thı nghiem nay tng trng cho ieu gı hay
cho ai?
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
38 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
´
Tay phai, tay trai
´ ` ˆ ˆ ´ ` ´
Chung ta biet la mot oi bao tay co chiec phai va chiec trai.
´ ˆ ˜
Cac phan t axit amin cung the. Trong khoang 100 axit amin
` ´ ` ´
ma khoa hoc ´ bi´ et, ch ı co 20 axit c dung trong cac protein,
` ˆ ` ` ` ´
va khong co cai nao trong so nay la axit amin phai. Khi cac
` ´ ˆ
khoa hoc gia tao ˜ ra` axit amin˜ trong ph ong th ı nghi em, ph ong
´ ´ ´
theo ieu ´ ho ` nghı la co th
e a xay ra trong khoi nc sup tien

ˆ ` ´
sinh thai, thı ho thay rang so phan t axit phai va trai bang
ˆ ´ ` ˆ ˆ
nhau.

Nhat b` ao The ˆ New York Times t ng thu´ at: “Loai phan
bõ 50-50
nay kh` ong gi ˆ ong` thc ´ tai cua the ´ gii s song, ˜bi
le s sông chı tuy thuoc ` vao` cac ´ axit amin trai”. ´ T` ai sao ˆ nh ng´
sinh
´ vat c ˆ cau´ thanh t´ cac axit amin ` trai, la “mot i´ eu bı
an ln”. Tham ´ chı a so cac axit amin t ım th ay trong
´ ˆ ` ˆ ´ ´ cac van
th ach “ di dang axit trai”. M
˜ ot nha nghien cu ´ cac
van e
ve ngu
on` goc ´ s ˆ song, ti` en ´ sı Jeffrey ´ L. Bada ˜ ´ noi rang:
ˆ “Anh`
h` ng ´ nao o ben ˆ
ngo ai tr ai
´
at co th

e a ong
´
m

ot
vai
´ tro
nao o trong viec inh oat tınh phai hay trai cua cac axit
amin sinh hoc”.
´ `
American: “Van e ve nguon goc s song kho hn la
ˆ ` ˜ ` ´ ´
toi, va hau het nhng ngi khac, d kien”. Cac khoa
´ ˜ ´ ´ ` ˘ ´
hoc gia khac cung ong y. Thı du, vao nam 1969, giao
˜ ˆ ´
s sinh hoc Dean H. Kenyon a ong bien soan sach
´
Biochemical Predestination (S tien inh do hoa sinh).
ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ
Nhng gan ay hn, ong ket luan rang “ve phng dien
ˆ
` ˆ ` ˘
c ban, khong the tin c la vat chat va nang lng
ˆ ´ `
´ ` ´ ˆ
khong can ai giup ma lai t to chc thanh cac he thong
´
co s song”.
ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ ´ ˆ ` ˆ
That vay, cac cong cuoc thı nghiem xac nhan li nhan
` ´ ˆ `
inh cua Kenyon la “tat ca ly thuyet hien thi ve nguon
´ ` ´ ˆ
goc hoa hoc cua s song cung co mot sai lam c ban”. Sau
` ˜ ` ´
khi Miller va nhng ngi khac tong hp c axit

´ `
amin, cac khoa hoc gia khi s tao ra protein va DNA,
` ˆ ´ `
la hai chat can thiet cho s song tren trai at. Sau hang
` ˆ ´ ˆ ´ ˜ ˆ `
ngan cuoc thı nghiem di nhng ieu kien goi la tien
´ ` ´
sinh thai, thı ket qua ra sao? Sach The Mystery of Life’s
ˆ `
ˆ ´ `
Origin: Reassessing Current Theories nhan xet: “Thanh
ˆ ´ ˆ
cong ang ke trong viec tong hp axit amin lai tng

˜ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
phan ro ret vi that bai lien tiep trong viec tong hp
` ´ ` ´
protein va DNA”. Cac no lc tong hp protein va DNA co
˘ ` ˆ ˆ
ac iem la “s that bai lien mien”.
ˆ ´ ˆ ˜ ` ´
Tren thc te, ieu bı an khong nhng bao ham cach
´ ˆ
`
cac phan t protein va axit nucleic (DNA hay RNA) au
ˆ ˜ ` ` ´ ´ ˆ ´
tien a sinh ra ma con bao gom cach chung cong tac
´ ´ ´
vi nhau. Sach The New Encyclopædia Britannica noi:

` ´ ˆ ´
ˆ
` `
“Chı nh co s cong tac cua hai phan t nay ma s
ˆ ˆ ´ ´ ˆ
song hien ai tren at mi co the ton tai”. Tuy nhien,
´ ` ´ ´ ˆ
cuon bach khoa t ien nay lu y rang cach s cong
´ ˜
` ` ˆ `
tac ay a xay ra van con la “mot van e quan trong va

cha giai quyet c ve nguon goc cua s song”. Qua

ˆ ` ´
that la ung.
´
Phan Phu Luc A, “S hp tac can cho s song”
ˆ ˆ ˘

(trang 45-47), duyet lai mot so chi tiet can ban cua s
´ ` ` ˜ ´ `
hp tac ly ky nay gia cac protein va axit nucleic trong
`
´ `
´ ` ` ˜
te bao cua chung ta. Du chı thoang nhın vao lanh vc
´ `
˜
´ ´
cac te bao cua c the cung u cho chung ta than phuc
ˆ `
´ ` ` ˜
cong trınh cua cac khoa hoc gia trong nganh nay. Ho a
´ ˜ ´ ` ´ ` ` ´
soi sang nhng qua trınh phc tap phi thng ma ıt
` ´ ˜ ` ˜ ´
ngi trong chung ta nghı en, nhng lai la nhng qua
` ˆ ˆ ´
` ´
trınh hoat ong trong moi giay phut cua i song chung
ˆ ´ ˆ ´ ´ `
ta. Tuy nhien, di mot quan iem khac, s phc tap va
´ ´ ´ ˆ ` ` ´
chınh xac ang kham phuc va thiet yeu nay a chung

ˆ

˜ ` ˜
ta tr lai cau hoi: Tat ca nhng ieu nay a xay ra nh

`
the nao?
´ ` ´ ˆ ´
Ban co the biet la cac khoa hoc gia nghien cu nguon
˜ ˆ ` ˆ
goc s song, a khong ngng co gang dng mot cot
ˆ ´ ˆ ´
truyen hp ly cho tan k ich the hien cach s song xuat
ˆ ˆ ´
´
ˆ
´
hien. Tuy nhien, cac k ich ban mi cua ho khong u sc
` ´
thuyet phuc. (Xin xem phan Phu Luc B, “Ðen t ‘the gii
ˆ ´ ` ´ ´
RNA’ hay mot the gii nao khac?” trang 48). Thı du,
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
40 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
˜ ´ ˆ ` ˆ `
“Nhńg thı nghi˜ em nay... cho rang ` s tong h˜ p
vo sinh la nen `
mong
˜ cho nh` ngˆ hoc thuyet ma thc ˆ ra´ a
´ c
` con ng i
hu` sinh´ va thˆ ong ´ minh
´ en cao ˜ o sangˆ tac v a san xuat,
hong xac nhan cac y tng ho a nguyen phai tin theo”
(Origin and Development of Living Systems).
ˆ ˆ ˆ ´ ´
Klaus Dose thuoc Vien Nghien Cu Hoa Sinh Hoc tai
´ ˆ ´ ˆ `
´ ˆ
Mainz, Ðc Quoc, nhan x et: “Hi en nay th ı t at c a cac cuoc

ˆ ˜
` ´ ˆ ´
thao luan ve nhng gia thuyet va thı nghiem chınh
˜ ` ` ˆ ` `
trong lınh vc nay cuoi cung lam vao tınh trang be tac
˘ ` ´ ˆ ` ˆ `
hoac a en li thu nhan la khong biet gı”.

ˆ
Ngay ca trong Hoi Ngh i Quoc Te ve Nguon Goc S
` ˘ ˆ ˆ
´ ` ´
Song vao nam 1996, khong mot giai phap nao lo dang.
` ´ ` ˆ
Thay vı the, tap chı Science (Khoa hoc) tng thuat rang
´ ˆ ˜ ˆ ˆ ´
ngot 300 khoa hoc gia tham d hoi ngh i a “vat lon vi
´ ` ˆ ´ ˆ
` ˜
ieu bı an la au tien cac phan t [DNA va RNA] a xuat
ˆ ` ` ´ ` ˜ ` ´
hien the nao va tien hoa ra sao thanh nhng te bao co

˘
kha nang t sinh san”.

´ ´ ˆ ` ˆ ´
Can co trı thong minh va hoc van cao e nghien cu
`

´ ˜

va ngay ca bat au giai thıch nhng ieu xay ra cap
ˆ
`
´ ˆ
phan t trong te bao cua chung ta. Nh vay, tin rang
˜ ´ ` ´
ˆ ˆ
nhng qua trınh phc tap xay ra lan au tien trong mot
´ ´ ´ ˆ ´ ˆ ` `
khoi nc “sup tien sinh thai” mot cach t nhien va tınh
` ` ˆ ´ ` ´ ´
c, ma khong co ai ieu khien, thı ieu ay co hp ly
˘ ` ` ´ ˜
chang? Hay la van e con bao quat hn na?
´ ˜ ´
Tai
sao lai
co nh ng ieu bı an?
` ˆ ` ´ ` `
Ngay nay mot ngi co the nhın lai thi gian qua;
´

´ ˜ ´ `
trong ngot na the ky, cac khoa hoc gia a suy oan va
` ` ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ ´
qua hang ngan cuoc thı nghiem, co cong chng minh
´ ´ ` ´ ` `
rang s song t no phat sinh. Va neu co ai nhın lai, thı
´ ` ` ´ ´ ˆ `
kho long ma bat ong y kien vi Francis Crick, mot nha

´ ´
´
chiem giai Nobel. Noi en cac gia thuyet ve goc tıch s
ˆ ´ ´ ´ ´
song, Crick nhan xet rang co “qua nhieu s suy oan da
ˆ `
ˆ ` ˆ ´ ´ ´ ˆ
“Mot
hanh ong
trı thc co chu tam”
` ˆ ˘ ` ` ` ˜
Nha thien van ngi Anh la Fred Hoyle, ngi a bo ra nhieu
ˆ ˆ ˆ ´ ˜ ` ´ ˆ ´
thap nien nghien cu vu tru va s song trong o, tham chı
` ´ ` ´ ` ˆ ` ` ˆ
con tan thanh y kien la s song tren at en t ngoai khong
ˆ ` ` ˆ
gian. Trong mot bai thuyet trınh tai vien California Institute of
ˆ ˆ ˆ ´
Technology, ong thao luan ve trat t cua cac axit amin trong
protein.
ˆ ´ ˆ ´ ˆ ` ˆ
Ong Hoyle noi: “S kien kha hien nhien la mot chuoi axit
´
amin noi ket lai v i nhau

ˆ ´ ` ´
bang mot cach nao o
ˆ
e tao ra m´ ot ˆprotein.
Song ieu o khong phai
`
l a v an e quan trong
`
trong ng anh sinh h oc
` ` ˆ ˜ `
ma la: trat t ro rang cua
´ ´
cac axit amin phu cho
˜ ˆ
chu oi ay nh ng thu oc ´
´ `
tınh la lung... Neu cac

axit amin c n oi l ai
ˆ ´ ˆ `
mot ´ cˆ ach ng´ au nhi en, th ı

co vo so cach sap xep;
˜ ´ `
nhng nhng cach nay
ˆ ´ ˆ ´
lai ´ vo ıch, kh ong hp vi
´ ˆ
cac muc ıch cua mot te
`
bao song. Khi ban xem
´ ˆ ` ˆ ˆ ˆ ´ ˜
xet s kien la mot enzym´ tieu bieu gom mot chuoi co le khoang
` ´
200 axit amin noi lai vi nhau, ma moi mau noi co khoang
´ ` `
˜ ´
20 cach sap xep, thı ban de dang thay rang nhng cach sap
ˆ ´ ` ˆ ´ ˜
xep vo ıch la mot con s o kh ong l o, l n hn c a con s o nh ng
ˆ ˜ ˆ `
´
nguyen t trong tat ca nhng thien ha thay c bˆ ang` cac´
´ ´ ´ ˆ
vien vong kınh manh nhat. Ðo chı mi mot enzym thoi; con co
` ´ ´ ˆ ´ ˆ `
ngoai 2000 enzym, moi cai co nhiem vu rˆ at kh ac nhau. Vay thı
` ´ ´ ´ `
lam sao cac axit amin noi lai vi nhau mot cach rach roi e tao
ˆ ´ ´
nen tat ca cac enzym khac nhau?
ˆ ´ ˆ ` ˆ ´
Ong Hoyle noi them: “Thay vı chap nhan ´ xac suat ˆ cc nh o
` ` ˜ ` ˆ
la s song nay sinh nh nhng lc mu quang cua thien nhien,
` ` `
´ ` ˆ
thı dng nh tot hn la ta gia s rang goc tıch s song la mot
` ˆ ´ ´ ´ ˆ
hanh ong tr ı th c c o ch u t am”.
` `
˙ Mang te´ bao ˜ ˙ Ribosom
`
Kiem ˆ so at ˆ nh` ng` chat Vung tao
ra
tham nhap v` ao va protein
ra khoi te bao ˆ
˙ Hach nhan
ˆ `
˙ Nhan ˆ Vung tong hp

Trung ˆ ´
tam ieu nen cac ribosom
khiˆ en ho at
ong
` cua
te bao

˙ Ty the ˆ
Trung tam san
˙ Nhi´ em sac th e ´ ´ ˆ
Cha DNA, ban xu at ` ra cac phan
o an t dung e cung
chu chot chi phoi ˘
s di truyen cap nang ` lng

cho te bao
ˆ ´ ` ´ ` ´ ` ´ ˘ ´
Ngay ca mot cai nh ın ˜thoang vao the gii va chc nang phc tap
` cua moi
` ˆ ˜ ˜
te bao trong c the cung dan en cau hoi: Tat ca nhng ieu nay a xay
`
ra the nao?
ˆ ˜ ˆ ´ ´
` `
tren nhng s kien qua ıt oi”. The thı, ieu de hieu la
ˆ ` ´ ´ ˆ ˆ
mot so nha khoa hoc, khi xem xet cac s kien, ket luan
` ´ ´ ˆ

la s song qua phc tap, khong the nay sinh ra ngay ca

ˆ ˆ
` ´ ˆ
trong ieu kien trat t cua phong thı nghiem; huong ho
` ˆ ˆ ` ˆ `
la trong mot moi trng khong ngi ieu khien.
ˆ ˆ ´
Neu khoa hoc tan tien khong the chng minh rang
´ ´ ` ˆ
s song co the t phat sinh, thı tai sao mot so khoa
˜ ´
´
hoc gia kh kh gi lay cac gia thuyet nh the? Cach
ˆ ` ˆ
´ ˆ ˆ
ay vai thap ky, giao s J. D. Bernal a ra mot nhan
ˆ ´
inh sau sac trong sach The Origin of Life (Nguon goc
´ ´ ´ ˆ ˆ
s song): “Bang cach ap dung cac tieu chuan nghiem
˘
´ ` ` `
ngat cua phng phap khoa hoc vao e tai nay [s
ˆ `
´ ˆ
`
phat sinh t nhien cua s song], thı tai nhieu cho
ˆ
´
´
trong s mo ta cac dien bien cua s phat sinh t
ˆ ´ ´ ˆ ´ ˜ ˆ `
nhien, ta co the chng minh mot cach hu hieu la s
˜ ˆ ˆ ´ ´
song a khong the t nhien phat sinh; xac suat bat li
` ´ ` `
ˆ ˆ
thı qua cao, ma hoanˆ canh thuan tien e s song xuat
ˆ ´ ´ ˆ ´ ` ´
hien lai qua thap”. Ong noi them: “Ðang tiec la di
`
ˆ ˆ ´ ´
quan iem nay, s song ni ay tren trai at, co
ˆ ` ` ˆ ` `
thien hınh van trang va hoat ong, va ngi ta phai

´ ´ ´ ˜ ´
´ `
bop meo ly le e chng minh s ton tai cua no”. Va
` ` ˜ ˆ ´
tınh hınh a khong kha hn.
˜ ´ ´ ´
ˆ ˆ ˆ
Hay xem xet an y kha quan trong cua mot lap luan
´ ˆ
nh the. Ðieu ay tng t nh noi rang: ‘Tren phng
ˆ ´ ˜ ˆ
dien khoa hoc, phat bieu rang s song a khong the t

` ´ ´ ´ ˆ
nay sinh la noi ung. Nhng s phat sinh t nhien

` ´ ˜ ´
cua s song la ieu duy nhat chung ta se xem xet.
` ˆ `
´ ´ ´ ˜ ˆ ˆ
Vı vay ma can phai bop meo ly le e bien ho cho gia

` ˜ ´ ˆ ´
thuyet la s song a phat sinh t nhien’. Ban co thoa

˜ ´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ
man vi mot ly luan nh the khong? Mot lap luan nh
ˆ ˆ `
´ ´ ˆ
the khong buoc ngi ta phai ‘bop meo’ nhieu s kien
sao?
ˆ ´ ˜ ` ´ `
Tuy nhien, co nhng nha khoa hoc uy tın va hieu biet
ˆ
´ ´ ˆ ` ´
khong thay can phai bop meo s kien cho phu hp vi
ˆ ´ `
mot triet ly ang th inh hanh ve nguon goc s song. Thay
` ˜ ˆ ˆ ˆ
vı the, ho e nhng s kien a en mot ket luan hp
´ ˜ ˆ ` ˆ ` `
ly. Nhng s kien va ket luan ay la gı?
˜ ˆ ` ´ ˆ
D lieu
va trı thong minh
ˆ ˆ
` ` ˆ ˆ `
Trong mot cuoc phong van lam phim tai lieu, mot nha

ˆ
ˆ
`
di truyen hoc noi tieng cua Vien Thao Moc Hoc cua Han
ˆ ˆ ´
Lam Vien Khoa Hoc Ba Lan, giao s Maciej Giertych,

`
tra li nh sau:
´ ˜ ´ ˆ ˜ ˆ
“Chung ta a biet co mot kho d lieu trong gen. Khoa
ˆ
´ ` ` ´ ˜ ˆ
hoc khong the giai thıch c lam the nao cac d lieu ay
´ ˆ

´ ´ ˆ
co the t nhien nay sinh ra. Can phai co trı thong minh;
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
44 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
˜ ˆ ´ ˆ
` ´
d lieu o khong the nay sinh ra t cac bien co ngau
ˆ
ˆ ˜ ´ ` ˆ ´
nhien. Chı tr ˆ on lan ch vi nhau thı khong sinh ra cac
` ´ ˆ ´ ˆ ´
t c”. Ong noi them: “Thı du, he thong sao chep
´ `
protein, DNA, RNA rat phc tap trong te bao at phai

`
` ˆ ´ ˆ ´
hoan hao ngay t au. Bang khong, cac he thong co s
˜ ˆ ´
´ ´
song a khong the ton tai. Cach giai thıch hp ly duy
` ˜ ˆ ` ˆ ´ ˆ ` ´
nhat la kho d lieu nay do mot trı thong minh ma co”.
` ˜ ` ˆ
Cang hoc c nhieu ve nhng ieu ky dieu cua s

ˆ ´ ` ´ ˆ
song bao nhieu chung ta cang thay hp ly bay nhieu khi
´ ´ ` ˆ ´ ´ `

ong y vi li ket luan o: Goc tıch s song oi hoi phai
´ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ` ´
co mot nguon thong minh. Vay au la nguon o?
ˆ ˜ ´ ` ˆ ` ´ ´ ˆ
Nh tren a noi, hang trieu ngi co hoc thc ket luan
ˆ
ˆ
ˆ ´
rang s song tren at at phai c tao nen bi mot trı
ˆ ˆ ` ˆ
thong minh cao hn, mot ngi thiet ke. Vang, sau khi
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˜ ˆ
xem xet van e mot cach vo t, ho a chap nhan rang,

` ˜ ´
ngay ca trong thi ai khoa hoc, cung van hp ly khi
´ ´ ` ´ ` ˆ ˜ ´
ong y vi nha th trong Kinh-thanh t lau a noi ve
´ ´ ` `
´
Ðc Chua Tri: “Vı nguon s song ni Chua” (Thi-
ˆ
thien 36:9).
` ˜ ˆ
Du ban a i en ket luan chac chan hay cha ve ieu
´ ˜ ´ ´ ` ` ˆ ˆ
ay, chung ta hay chu y en vai ieu ky dieu lien quan
´
ˆ ˆ `
˜ `
en chınh ban than ban. Viec lam the rat thoa man va
´ ´ ´

`
co the soi sang kha nhieu cho van e anh hng en i
´
song chung ta.
´ ´ ´ ˆ `
Gi
ˆ ao s Michael J. Behe ˆ ph at bi´ eu: “Ðoi vi ` m` ot ng i`
khong cam thay˜ bat buoc ˆ phaiˆ gii hˆ an s´ tım ´ toiˆ cua ` m` ınh
trong
ˆ ph am
vi nh
` ng nguy
en
ˆ nh an kh ong ´ c o tr
˜ khon, thı li ket
ı
luan
´ thang than la nhi eu hˆ e thong sinh
hoaˆ a ˆ c
thi ˆ et keˆ ra.
Ch ung c thiet
ke kh ong
ˆ ` ` ph ai bang lu at
´ thi en nhi en, ´ khong
phai` ˆb ang s
ng au nhi ˆ en v a vı
´ c an thi ˘ et; ung hn,
ch ung´ c

tru lieu....
´ S ` song tr en at, mc can ban´ nh` at cua n o, trong
cac thanh phan ˆ thiet yeu ˆ nhát c´ ua ˆ no, la san pham
cua mot hoat ong co trı thong minh”.
45
P H U L U C A
´
S hp
tac can cho s s ong
ˆ ` ˆ ˆ ´ ˜
´ S song ˆ kh ong the nao ` ton tai tren at neu khong co sˆ hp lc gia `
cac ph an ´ t protein ˜ v a ˆ axit nucleic (DNA ˆ hay RNA) b en trong t e b ` ao
song. Ch˜ ung ´ ta hây duy et ` lai ˜van tat mot s o chi tiet ve s hp lc la lung
` ` ˆ ˆ
nay gia cac phan t, vı nhng chi tiet ay la nguyen nhan khien nhieu
` ´
´ ` ˆ ˆ
ngi thay kho tin c rang cac te bao song xuat hien ngau nhien.
` ` ` ˆ ´ ˆ ´ `
Nhın vao trong ´ c˜ the con
ngi, ´ tham ˆ ch ı ngay ben ` trong ` cac te b´ ao
cc nh o, ch` ung ta ´ se thay rang c ac ph an t protein l a th anh ph an chınh
˜ ˆ `
yeu cau thanh chung ta. Hau het nhng phan t protein nay c cau
` ` ´ ˜ ´ `
thanh t cac ` manh ai ` axit amin, giong ´ nh nhng ˆ ` dai lua uon khuc ˆ va
xoan lai thanh nhieu hınh dang khac nhau. Mot vai axit amin cuon lai
` ` ` ˜ ´ ´ ` ´ ` ˜
th anh hınh c au, ` con nhng cai khac thı co hınh dang nh nhng nep
gap cua chiec an phong cam.
` ´ ˜ ˆ ˜ ` `
Vai protein hp lc vi nhng phan t giong nh m e hınh thanh
˜ ` ` ˜ ´ ` ´ ´ `
nh´ ng m ang ´te bao. Nhˆ ng protein ` khac th´ı gi´ up tai khı oxy t phoi en
cac phan khac cua than the. Vai protein co tac dung nh enzym (chat
´ ´ ˆ ´ ´ ˘
´ ´ ˜ ´ ˘
xuc` tac),´ tieu hoa thc an bang cach tach nhng protein trong th c an
´ ` ˆ ` ` ˆ `
thanh ˜ cac axit amin. Ðoˆ chı la mot ˜ so ´ trong hang ´ ng
an nhi ´ em vu ma`
nhng ˜ protein th c
´ hi en. B ` an ngh ı ung ˆ khi n ´ oi r áng c ac
` protein l a ˜
nhng tay th kheo duy trı s song; khong co chung thı s song se
ˆ ` ´ ` ´ ˜ ˆ
khong ton tai. Con ve phan cac protein thı chung se khong ton tai neu
ˆ ` ´ ` ` ´ ` ´ ´ ˆ ˆ
khong nh co DNA. Nhng DNA la gı? No nh the nao? No co lien he
` ´ ´ ˜ ` ˜ `
gı v´ i cac ´ protein? ´ Nh
` ng khoa ´ h oc gia ˆ t ai gi oi ´ a chi em ˆ gi ai Nobel nh
`
kham ˜ pha` ra cac li giai ap. Tuy ˜ nhien, ˆ chung ta˜ khong can ph ai la
nhng nha sinh hoc cao ang e lınh hoi c nhng ieu c ban.
ˆ
Phan t chu chot
´ ` ` ´ ` ` ` ˆ
Cac te b´ ao c cau´ thanh phan` ln t` protein; vıˆ the ´ ma luon `
can en cac protein mi, e duy trı te bao, e tao nen cac te bao
´ ` ` ´ ´ ` ˆ `
mi ˆ v a l am
´ cho
ph an ng h oa h oc d e
d ang x ay ra ´ b en ˆ trong t e b ao.

Cong thc can thiet e tao ra protein nam trong cac phan t DNA (axit
˜ ´ ` ´ ˜
deoxyribonucleic). ´ ˘ ˜ Ðe hieu ro hn qua trınh tao ra protein, chung ta hay
xem xet can ke DNA.
´ ˆ
ˆ ` ` ˆ ´
Cac phan t DNA nam trong nhan cua te bao. Ngoai nhiem ˜ v` u cha
ˆ ´ ` `
cong ˆ th c c an thi et e s an ` xu at ra ` ` protein, ` DNA c on` t ang ´ tr ´ v a truy ˆ en

thong tin di truyen trong te bao t i nay sang i khac. Cac phan t
´ ` ˆ ˆ ` `
DNA co´ hınh d ang giong nh mot cau thang day´ hınh ˆ xoan˜ (goi la chuoi
xoan kep).` Moi si cua chi ´ ec thang DNA gom co vo so nhng ´ ph an nho
hn goi la nucleotide. Cac nucleotide (hay ` baz) ton tai ` di ´ bon dang: ˜
adenin (A), guanin (G), cytosin (C), va thymin (T). Nh co “bang ch
´ ` ` ˆ ˆ ˜ ´ ´ ˘ ´ ` ˆ
cai” DNA nay ma mot oi ch cai—A vi T hoac G vi C—tao thanh mot
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
46 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
` ´ ` ´ ` `
nac cua ˜ chiec thang hınh xo an kep. Chiec thang nay cha hang ngan
gen, nhng n v i c ban cua s di truyen.
ˆ ´ ˜ ˆ ˆ ˆ
´ Mot gen ˜ ´ cha ng d kien ` can thi ˜ et e t ao nen m´ ot protein.
Chuoi
˜
cac ` ch cai trong gen hp ` thanh ma di truyen, hay ` bc` cam nang; ` má
nay cho biet loai protein nao phai c tao ra. Vı the ma DNA, cung vi
´ ´ ` ˆ ˆ
tat´ ca˜ cac tieu n `v i cua no, la phan t ch ´ u yeu cua ˆ s song. Khong
co ma di truyen, thı nhieu loai protein khac nhau khong ton tai c
` ˆ ´
—nh the thı khong co s song.

Chat trung gian
ˆ ` ´ ´ ´
Tuy nhiˆ en, v ı bc c` am nang ` ´ chı dan cach tao ra protein,
ˆ c ch ´ a ˆ
trong` nhan ˆ cua te ˆbao ma c´ ac protein ´ ˜ lai c tao ˜ ra mot v i tr ` ı ben
ngoˆ ai nhan, cho ´ ˆ n en c an c o ´ s gi up ´ e mang ˜ ` ` m a di truy ` ´ en t trong
ˆ
nhan ra “v i trı xay dng”. Co c s giup nay la nh cac phan t
´ ˆ ´ ´ ˆ
RNA (axit ribonucleic). ´ ˆ Xet ve phng ` dien ´ hoa hoc, cac phan t RNA
tngˆ t nh cac ph ´ an t DNA, ˜ va c´ an ˘ co nhi ˜ eu dang ˜ cua RNA ´ ` e tao
ra` mot ´ protein.` Chùng ta ˜ hay xem ´ ` xet can ke´ hn nhng qu a trınh `cc ´
ky phc tap nay, la nhng qua trınh tao ra cac protein thiet yeu nh co
´ ´
RNA giup sc.
ˆ ˆ ` ˆ ˆ
S viec b´ at au trong ˆ ´ nhan ˜ te´ bao, ni ay m` ot ph an` cua ´ chiec ˜ thang ´
DNA m h e ra, e
´ ´ l o c ac ch ˜ ´ c ai c ua DNA. Nh ˆ th e ˆ m a c ac ch cai cua
RNA ˆ noi c vi cac ch´ cai˜ cua ´ DNA thuoc ` mˆ ot trong hai si DNA.
´ `
Mot ˆ enzym truyen qua ´ cac˜ ch´ c ai cua RNA va lienˆ ket ˜ chung ` lai ´ thanh˜
m´ ot s i. Nh thê, cac ch c ai c ` ua DNA

˜ c phi en m a th anh c ac ´ ch
cai cua ` RNA, ` mòt ch at tam goi la tho´ ng c ua DNA. Chuoi RNA mi sinh
ra nay ri ra, va chiec thang DNA ong tr lai.
ˆ ` ˘ ˆ ` ˜ ´ ˜
Sau khi´ sa ` oi them, ˆ thı lo ai ` RNA ` ac biet n´ ay a c o san ma di
truy ˆ en.´ No r˜ i ´khoi nhan cua te bao va˜ i en ˆ v i tr ı san xuat ˜ protein, ´ ni
ay cac` ch caiˆ cua` RNA c ` giai ma.´ Moiˆ bo gom ba chˆ cai cua ˆ RNA
hp ´ thanh mot “t”; moi “t” can co mot axit amin rieng. Mot ` dang
` ´ ´ ` ˆ
kh ac cua´ RNA ˆ i tım axit amin ˆ o, bat lay no nh mot enzym, va mang ˜
ve` “v i trı xay dng”. Khi` thông tin di truyen cua RNA ´ ˆ c ` chuyen ma, `
th ı san ph ´ am ` sinh ra la` mot chu ˆ oi ` axit amin ˆ m´ oi luc mot dˆ ai. Chuoi nay
uon ` khuc va gap lai thanh mot hınh the oc ao, tao ra mot loai protein.
´ ´ ´ `
Va trong c the chung ta co the co ngoai 50.000 loai protein.
ˆ ˜ ` ˆ ´ ` ´ ` ˘
Ngay c´ a viec protein gap lai cung la´ mot qua trınh ang´ ke.´ Vao nam
1996,` c ac
´ ´ khoa ˆ h oc gia kh ap th e gi i, “ c trang ˆ b i v i c ac
˜ chng
trınh ´ may tınh toi tan nh ` at, thi ua giai` quyet m` ot trong ` nh ˆ ng van e
phc tap nh at cua nganh sinh hoc:
ˆ ` ` ˆ lam the nao ma mot ` protein ˆ n `
oc, ´ c cau th` anh ` t m ot chuoi axit amin, ` t g ap lai thanh` mot hınh
th e phc t´ ap m a hınh thè ay inh ` o at vai
´ ´ tr o c ua protein
` ´ n ay trong s
song.... ´ Noi` ngan gon, th˜ ı ket´ qua la: m
ay tınh thua va cac protein thang
´ ˆ ˜ `
.... Cac nha khoa hoc a c lng rang vi mot protein c trung bınh
ˆ `
Ðau la nguon cua s song?—Phu Luc
47
` `
do 100 axit
amin ´ cáu thanh, th ` ı giai c ´ van e ve ˜ s gap l27ai cua ˆ
protein
˘ b ang c ach t ınh m oi tr ng h p c o th e x ay ra s e m at 10 (m ot
ty ty ty) nam” (The New York Times).
´ ´ ´ ´ ` ` ` ˆ
Chung ta chı mi xem ´ x et s lc qu` a trınh ´ ` hınh thanh ˆ ` cua m´
ot
protein, nhng ´ ban ˆ co th e th ay c la qua tr` ınh ay ` vo cung phc ˆ
tap. ˆ Ban co bi et mot ˆ chu ˆ oi gòm 20 ´ axit ` amin thanh hınh trong bao lau
` ´ ˜ ´
kh ong? ` Kho ang m ot gi
´ ay! V a qu
` a tr ınh n ay ˆ c m
` ai ti
ep di ˆ en trong cac
te bao cua c the chung ta, t au en chan va khap than the.
´ ` ` `
´ ´ ˆ
˜ Ðiem´ chˆ ınh yˆ eu la gı? Du rang´ cac yeu´ to khac nhieu ` khong ` ke xi et
cung
` c o li` en h e, nhng´ s h` p
t ´ ac c an
` c o e ´ t ao ra v
´ ` a duy tr ı s ong
s
la ieu lam´ ta th´ an ph´ uc. Va nh om´ t “hp tac” kh ˆ o long ˆ di
en ta c
s` tng ˆ tac chınh xac ˜ can ˆ ph` ai ćo e ˆ sinh ra mot ph ` an t protein, bi
vı m ot protein ´ can d lieu t ˆ cac phan t´ DNA, ´ v˘ a DNA ˘ lai ˆ can ´ en
nhieu dang khac nhau cua phan t RNA co chc nang ac
˜ ˆ ´ ˜ ´ biet. Chung ˆ
ta ˆ cung ˆ khong the bo quaˆ nhieuˆ enzym ` kh ac n´ a, moi cai th` c hi en
mòt nhi´ em vu thi` et yeu ` rieng ˆ bi et. Vı´ c the ch ung ta tao ˆ ra ´ hang ´ ty ´ te
bao mi moi ngay ma khong can chung ta ieu khien mot ` cach y thc,
ˆ ´ ` ´ ´ `
nen no oi hoi ` phai co u cac ban ´sao cua ca ba thanh ` phan´ nay
—DNA, RNA` va protein. ˆ
Nh th e b an ´ c o th eˆ hi eu ` t ai sao m à tap ch ı New
ˆ
Scientist
` ` bınh luan rang: “Thieu ` bat c mot ˘ thanh ´ ˆphan nao trongˆ bo ba´
nay, ˆ thˆ ı s song dan dan ńgng lai”. ` Hoac noi r˜ ong ˆ ra, neu khóng co
mot oi ay u, hp lc vi nhau, thı s song a khong the phat sinh.
´
` ˆ ˆ ˆ ´
` Noi rang ˆ m ´ oi th` anh ph ˆ an trong ` bo ba ph an t ay t ´ nhien´ phat sinh
cung ´ m ot ´ l uc, c ung m ot
ni v a c ˆ i eu ˜ h ng ch ` ˆ ınh x ac ` noi
en
chung co the tong hp lai e thc hien nhng ieu ky dieu, thı ieu ay
´ ´ ˆ
co hp ly kh ong?
ˆ ´ ˆ ´ ´ ´ ˜ ˆ
ˆ Tuy nhi en, c o mot ` s giai
thıch kh ac ve` cach s song a xuat hien ˆ
tren ´ at. Nhi eu ng i tin r ang s s ong la s an ph am c t ao ra m ot
ˆ ˆ ´ ´ ˆ ˆ
cach can than do mot Ðang Thiet Ke co trı thong minh cc o.
48
P H U L U C B
` ´ ˆ ´ ` ´
Ðen t “the gii RNA” hay mot the gii nao khac?
ˆ ` ` ˆ ´ ´
Lam vao tınh trang be tac, khong giai thıch noi van e ve goc tıch cua
ˆ ˆ ˆ ` ` ´ ´
bo ba protein-DNA-RNA, nen mot vai` nha khao cu a ra ly thuyet “the
´ ` `
` ´
gii RNA”. Thuyet ay la gı? Thay vı qua quyet rang DNA, RNA va cac
´ ` ´ ´
ˆ `
protein phat sinh cung luc e tao ra s song, ho noi rang chı mot mınh
` ˆ ˆ ` ´ ´ ˆ
RNA la nguyen nhan cua s song. Thuyet nay co ly khong?
ˆ ˆ ´ ` ´ ´ ´
´ ˆ
Trong thap nien` 1980,´ cac nh a khao cu kham pha ra rang cac phan
ˆ ´ ` ´ ´ `
t
RNA´ trong ph ˆ ong th ` ı nghi em ` c o th e t l am ´ ch at x uc ` ˆ t ac c ua m ınh
` ´ `
bang cach phan ra thanh hai va ket hp lai vi nhau. Vı vay m a cac nha
´ ´
´ ˜ ` ˆ ´ ˆ
khao cu suy oan rang RNA co the a la phan t t sao chep au tien.
` ´ ` ´ ˆ ´ `
Ho a ra gia thuyet la vi thi gian cac phan t RNA biet cach hınh
` ´ ` ` ` ` ˜ `
thanh cac mang te bao, va sau ´ cung chat hu sinh˜ RNA cau ` th anh
ˆ
DNA. Phil Cohen viet trong tap chı New Scientist: “Nhng ngi ung ho
´
ˆ ` ˆ ´
thuyet the gii RNA tin rang thuyet cua ho, neu khong phai la chan ly,
` ´ ˜ ˆ ` ´ ˆ
thı ıt ra cung phai c chap nhan la gan vi s that nhat”.
ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ
Tuy nhi en, khong phai ` tat ca cac khoa ´ hoc
gia eu chap nhan chuoi
ˆ ˜ ` `
bien co tng tng nay. Cohen nhan xet rang nhng ngi hoai nghi
` ˆ ˆ
` ˆ ´ ˆ
thuyet nay “bien luan rang i t viec ˆ chng minh c
phan t ´ RNA t
ˆ ` ´ ˆ
phân chia ` th´ anh hai` trong ông nghi ` em ` ti viec cho rang RNAˆ co th ˆ e t
mot mınh no cau thanh mot te bao va khien s song xuat hien tren at
` ˆ ´ ´ `
la mot bc nhay vot qua dai”.
` ` ´ ˜ ´ ˜ `
Ngoai ra con co nhng van e khac na. Nha sinh hoc Carl Woese

´ ` ´
tin rˆ ang “gi a thuy´ et v e th ` ˘e gi i RNA... khi ` ˆ em khuy et tram trong bi vı˜ no
khong giai thıch c ˆ la nang lng t au en e san xuat ra nhng
ˆ ` ´ ` ´ ` ˆ
phan t RNA au tien”. Va cac nha khao cu cha he tım c ` mot ´
` ´ ´ ` ´ ´ `
m anh RNA ` n ao ´ c o th e t sao ch ˆ ep t ` ´ au, l uc
cha c o g ı. V
a l ai,
c on
ó c
van e la trc het RNA do au ma co. Tuy rang gia thuyet ve “the gii
´ ´ ´ ` ´
RNA” co trong nhieu sach giao khoa; nhng nh nha khao cu Gary
´ ´ ` ` ´
Olsen noi, hau het ly thuyet nay “la s suy oan lac quan”.
ˆ ´ ` ´ ´ ` `
Mot gia thuy ` et kh ` ac m ˆ a c ac khoa h oc gia
` t an th anh la ´ mam s song
c gieo t ngoai khong gian xuong hanh tinh cua chung ta. Nhng
` ˆ ˆ ˆ ` ˆ ` ` ´
thuyet nay that ra khong a ong gı en cau hoi la: Ðieu gı phat sinh ra
ˆ ´ ´ ` ˆ ´
s song? Cay but ve cac e tai khoa hoc, Boyce Rensberger, nh an ´ xet:
´
` ` ˆ `
Noi rang s song en t ngoai khong gian thı “chı thay oi v i trı cua
´ ˆ ´ ´ ´
ieu bı an”. Thuyet ay khong giai thıch nguon goc s song. No chı tranh
´
´ ` ` ˆ ´ ˆ
ne van e bang cach la di nguon goc s song sang mot thai dng he
ˆ ` ´ ˆ `
hay thien ha khac. Van e that van con ay.

CH NG BO N
` ˆ ´
Con ng i ban
oc
ao biet bao!
´ ´ ´
TRC khi bat au sinh hoat moi buoi sang, ban co soi
˘ ˆ ´ ˆ ´ ` `
mat trong gng khong? Ban co the khong co thı gi e
` ´ ´ ˆ ` ˜ ` ˆ ´
suy t vao luc o. Nhng bay gi hay danh ra oi phut
´ ˜ ` ` ` ˆ
e than phuc nhng gı bao ham trong hanh ong soi

gng n gian ay.
ˆ ´ ´ ` ` ´
`
Ðoi mat giup ban co the ngam hınh mınh vi u mau
` ` ˆ
`
sac, du thay c mau sac khong phai la ieu thiet yeu
´
ˆ ´ ˆ
cho s song. V i trı cua oi tai giup ban nghe c am
` ` ´ ´
thanh noi; vı the ma ban co the inh c v i trı cua

ˆ ´
`
nguon am thanh, chang han nh tieng noi cua ngi
ˆ ˆ ´ ´ ´ ´ ˆ
than yeu. Chung ta co the ıt e y en ieu ay, song mot
´ ` ´ ˜ ˆ ` ˆ
quyen sach danh cho cac ky s am thanh bınh luan: “Tuy
ˆ ´ ˆ ´ ´
`
nhien, khi xem xet chi tiet he thınh giac cua con ngi,
` ´ ` ´
ˆ ´ ` ´
thı kho ma tranh khoi ket luan rang cac ket cau va chc
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
50 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
˘ ´
´ ´ ˆ ` ` ˆ
nang phc tap cua no cho thay co mot ban tay t thien

thiet ke ra”.
˜
˜ ˆ ` ˆ
Mui cua ban cung bieu hien s thiet ke ky dieu. Ban

` ` ´ ` ´ ´
ˆ
song c bi vı nh no ma ban co the hıt th khong
´ ` ˜ ´ ` ˆ `
khı. Ngoai ra, mui ban co hang trieu te bao thu cam
´ ´ ´ ˆ
` ´
khu giac giup ban nhan ra khoang 10.000 mui co sac
´ ´ ˆ ´ ´ ˆ
thai khac nhau. Mot giac quan khac hoat ong khi ban

´ ˆ ˜ ˘ ` `
thng thc mot ba an. Hang ngan si than kinh v i
´ ` ´ ˘ ´ ˆ
giac dan truyen mui v i thc an. Cac day than kinh cam
´ ´
˜ ´ ˘ ´
giac khac li giup ban biet rang ban co sach hay
ˆ
khong.
ˆ ´ ˘ ´ ´ ´ ´
Vang, ban co nam giac quan—thi giac, thınh giac,
´ ´ ´ ` ´ ´ ` ´
khu giac, vi giac, va xuc giac. Ðanh rang th i giac cua
ˆ ´ ˆ ` ˆ ˜ ˘ ´
mot so thu vat tinh hn vao ban em, mui hoac tai chung
´ ` ` ˜ ´ ´ `
thınh hn; nhng s hai hoa gia cac giac quan nay cua

`
con ngi chac chan khien ho xuat sac hn ve nhieu
ˆ
phng dien.
ˆ ´ ˜ ´ ´
Tuy nhien, chung ta hay xem tai sao chung ta co the
´ ` ´
˘ ` ˘ `
c li ıch nh cac kha nang va tiem nang nay. Tat ca
´ ` ˆ ` ˆ ˘
cac ieu ay tuy thuoc vao mot c quan nang 1,4 kilogram
ˆ ´ ˆ ´ ´ ˆ ˜ ´ ˆ ´
ben trong au chung ta—bo oc. Thu vat cung co bo oc
ˆ ˆ ´ ` ˆ
hoat ong. Song bo oc con ngi troi hn het, khien cho
ˆ ˜ ` ` ´ ˆ ´
khong ai choi cai c la con ngi chung ta oc ao.
` ` ´ ˆ ´ ` ˆ `
Nh the nao? Va tınh oc ao nay lien quan the nao en
´
´ ` ´ ˆ ` ˆ ` ´
c vong cua chung ta la co mot i song lau dai, ay y
˜
nghıa?
ˆ ´ ˆ `
Bo oc tuyet
vi cua ban

˜ ˘ ˆ ´ ` ´ ˆ ´
Ða nhieu nam, bo oc con ngi c vı nh mot may
ˆ ´ ˆ ˜ ˆ ´ ´ ˆ
ien
toan, tuy nhien nhng cuoc kham pha gan ay cho
´ ` ´ ´ ˜
thay s so sanh nay thieu sot tram trong. Bac sı Richard
ˆ ˆ ˆ
` ´
M. Restak neu len cau hoi: “Lam sao ai co the bat au
ˆ
ˆ ´
hieu c tam hoat ong cua mot c quan co phong

`
` ´ ˆ ˆ
ˆ
chng 50 ty te bao than kinh vi mot trieu ty synap (dien
` ˆ ´
Con ng i ban
oc
ao biet bao! 51
` ` ˆ ´ ´ ´
Nha chi c vo ich au vi may tınh
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ ` ˆ
Khi chiec m´ ay ien toan ` toi tan ` ˆten la Xanh ´ Ðam `
(Deep
ˆ Blue) ˆ anh ` bai nh ´ a chi´ c ˆ vo ` ich th e gi i, th ˆ ı
cau
hoi neu ra ˆ la: “Chung ´ ta ´ co bu ˆ oc ˆ long phai ket luan
rang Xanh Ðam at phai co trı tue khong”?
´ ˆ ˆ ´
Giâo s David ˆ Gelernter ` thu ˆ oc ´ vien ´ ai h ´ oc Yale ˆ ´ ap:´
“Khˆ ong. ˜ Xanh Ð ` am ´ ch ` ı la ˆmot caiˆ may.´ N´ o kh ˆ ong´ co tr˜ ı
tue´ cung nh la cai ` ` b ınh b ong kh ` òng c o tr
` ˆ ı tu e.... Y ngh ıa
chınh ´ cua ieu nay la: con ngi la nha vo ich che tao
may”.
´ ´ ˆ ˆ
´ Giào s ˆ Gelernter ´ ´ ch
´ ı ra s˘ khac biet quan ´ trong: ` “Boˆ
oc
´ l a´ m ot
c ai m ay c o kh a ` n ang ´ bi et ˆ v e ch
´ ınh ` m ınh.
ˆ B o
oc co the tng tng, con may ien toan thı khong”.
ˆ ˆ ˆ ˘ ´ ` ´ ´
Ong
ˆ k´ et luan: ` “H˜ o s` au ng ˆ an cach con ` ngi vi [may ´
ien ´ to˜ an] con mai ` va ` khong bao gi` lap lai c. May
moc se tiep tuc ´ lam i` song ´ de dang hn, ` kh oe ˆ manh
hn,` phong phu hn va khoˆ hieu hn. ˜ Va rot cuoc con
ng
i ta van ˆ tiep tuc lu tˆ am en nh ng ieu` ho van ´
hang lu tam: ` en ban than, en ˆ lan nhau va, ´ oi vi
nhi ´ eu ` ng´ i, ´ en Th ˆ ng Ðe.´ Li en quan en` cac` van ´ e
o, ˜ th ıˆ m ay m oc kh
` ´ ong h e c o anh h ng nao. Va chung
se khong bao gi co anh hng”.
` ´ ˆ ´
`
tiep hp), va co toc o tac xa tong hp khoang chng
` ˆ
ˆ ˆ
`
ˆ ` `
mi trieu ty lan moi giay?” Cau tra li cua ong la gı?

ˆ ˘
ˆ ´ ˆ ´ ˆ
“Ngay ca hieu nang cua mot may ien toan toi tan nhat
´ ´
ˆ ˜
ˆ
co cau truc phong theo he than kinh... cung chı bang mot
` `
˘ ´ ˆ
`
phan mi ngan kha nang trı tue cua con ruoi”. The thı,
˜ ˆ ´ ˆ ´ ´ ˆ
ban hay xem mot may ien toan thua kem biet bao nhieu
´ ˆ ´ ` ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ
khi so vi bo oc con ngi, mot bo phan sieu viet hn en
ˆ `
o la thng nh the.
´ ´ ˆ ´ ` ` ´ ´
Co may ien toan nao do con ngi sang che lai co the

˜ ` ˘

t sa cha, viet lai chng trınh, hoac t cai tien qua
` ˆ ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ ´
thi gian khong? Khi mot he thong may ien toan can

ˆ
ˆ
`
c ieu chınh, mot thao chng vien phai viet va cho
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
52 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
` ´ ˜ ˆ ´ ˆ ´ ´ ˆ ` ˆ
vao cac ma lenh mi. Bo oc chung ta t ong lam viec ay,

` ` ˆ ´ ´ ´
trong ca thi th au lan tuoi gia. Ban khong noi qua ang
´ ´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˜
neu cho rang cac may ien toan toi tan nhat cung rat
ˆ ´ ˆ ´ ´ ` ˜ ´ `
tho s so vi bo oc. Cac nha khoa hoc a goi no la “cau
´ ´ ` ` ˆ ´
truc phc tap nhat tng c biet en” va “vat phc tap
˜ ˜ ` ´ ´
nhat trong vu tru”. Hay xem vai kham pha khien nhieu
` ˆ ˆ ´ ` `

ˆ
ngi ket luan rang bo oc con ngi la san pham cua mot
´ ˆ
Ðang Tao Hoa quan tam.
` ´
ˆ `
Dung no bang khong thı mat
˜ ´ ˜ ´ ` ´
Nhng phat minh hu ıch nh xe hi va may bay phan

´ ´
˜ ˆ ˆ ` ˆ
lc phan ln b i gii han bi nhng bo phan va he thong
ˆ ` ` ˘ ´ ˆ
ien co i nh do ngi ta thiet ke va lap at. Trai lai, bo
´ ´ ´ ` ˆ ˆ
oc chung ta ıt ra la mot c quan hay he thong sinh hoc
´ ´ ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ `
co tınh linh ong cao o, co the luon thay oi tuy theo
´ ` ´ ´ `
cach ta dung—hay lam dung no. Hai yeu to chınh dng

´ ` ´
ˆ ´ ´
nh anh hng en qua trınh phat trien cua bo oc chung
` ˜ ´ ´
ta trong suot i song—nhng ieu chung ta cho phep
´ ´ ` ˜ ´
truyen qua cac giac quan va nhng ieu chung ta muon
˜
suy nghı.
´ ´

Tuy rang cac yeu to di truyen co the anh hng en
´ ˘ ˆ ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ ´
trı nang, nhng cong cuoc nghien cu hien ai chng to

ˆ ´ ´ ˆ ` ´
rang bo oc chung ta khong do gen inh oat vao luc
´
ˆ `
thu thai. Tac gia Ronald Kotulak, mot ngi thang giai

ˆ ` ˆ ´ ´
Pulitzer, viet: “Khong ai ng c rang bo oc lai co the
ˆ
thay oi nhieu nh khoa hoc biet hien nay”. Sau khi

` ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ ˆ ´
phong van hn 300 nha nghien cu, ong ket luan: “Bo oc
ˆ
` ˆ ´ ˜ ´ `
khong phai la mot c quan trong trang thai tınh; no la
ˆ ´ ` ˆ `
mot khoi cac te bao noi lai, luon thay oi va ch iu anh

ˆ
ˆ
hng sau xa cua kinh nghiem” (Inside the Brain).
ˆ ˆ ˆ
` ˆ
Tuy nhien, kinh nghiem khong phai la phng tien
ˆ ´ ´ ´ ˜
duy nhat chi phoi bo oc chung ta. Cach suy nghı cua
´ ˜

ˆ ´ ˜ `
chung ta cung anh hng en bo oc. Ni nhng ngi
˜ ´ ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ
tiep tuc gi cho trı tue hoat ong, cac khoa hoc gia nhan
` ˆ ´
Con ng i ban
oc
ao biet bao! 53
˘ ˆ ´ ´
ˆ
Kha nang cua sieu may tınh chı bang con sen
˘ ´ ˆ ˆ ˘ ` ´
˘ “Kha nˆ ang thay, ` noi chuy´ en, c ´ ong, ˆ ho´ ac dung ˆ trı
nang ´ thong th ng cua˘ cac m ay i ˆ en ´ toan hiên ai
kem xa˜ ngayˆ ca kh ˆ a´ nang cua m ot ` a tr e l˘ en b´ on
tuoi. ´ Dı nhi` en, mot ˜ ly´ do´ n
thuan la kh a n ang ˘ tınh
to´ an. ˆ Ngi ta a ˆ c tınh ˆ rang
´ ngay
ˆ ca
´ kha nang x
ly ˜ thong tin
cuaˆ mot sieu may ien ˆ toanˆ nhanh ˆ nhat
cung
ch ı bang´ he th an˘ kinh cua m ot con ´ sen—m
ˆ ot
ˆ phan´
rat nho so vi´ kha nang cua chiec may ´ sieu i toan
en
trong so [chung ta]” (Steven Pinker, ˆ ˆ giam oc Center
for Cognitive Neuroscience thuoc vien Massachusetts
Institute of Technology).
´ ˆ ˜ ´ `
thay rang cac dien tiep hp (synap) gia cac te bao than
´ ˘ ´
kinh trong oc ho nhieu hn en 40 phan tram so vi so
ˆ ´
˜ ` ` ˜
dien tiep hp trong oc cua nhng ngi li suy nghı.
´ ` ˆ
`
Cac nha khoa hoc ve than kinh ket luan: Ban phai dung
´ ˆ ` ˆ ` ˜ ` `
no, bang khong thı mat. Tuy nhien, con nhng ngi gia

` ` ˆ ´ ` ˜ ˆ
ca thı sao? Dng nh mot so cac te bao nao b i tieu hao
ˆ ` ` ` ` ` ´ ´ ´ ´
khi mot ngi gia i, va ngi gia co the kem trı nh.
ˆ ˆ ` ` ˜
Song s tieu hao khong nhieu nh ngi ta tng nghı.
ˆ
` ` ˆ ´ ` ´
Trong mot ban tng trınh ve bo oc con ngi, tap chı
´ ˜ ` ´ `
National Geographic noi: “Nhng ngi ln tuoi van con

˘ ˆ ´ ` ˜ ´ ˆ
kha nang tao ra dien tiep hp mi va gi c cac dien
˜ ˆ ´ ˆ
tiep hp cu qua hoat ong trı tue”.
´ ˆ ´ ´ ˆ ´ ˆ
ˆ
Cac cuoc kham pha gan ay ve tınh linh ong cua bo
´ ´ ´ ` ˆ ´ ´
oc ong y vi li khuyen trong Kinh-thanh. Quyen sach
ˆ ` ˜ ´
ay s khon ngoan ay giuc ngi oc ‘hay bien-hoa bi

´
ˆ ` ´ ` ˆ
s oi mi cua tam-than mınh’ hay “oi ra mi” nh thau
ˆ ` ´ ˆ
nhan “s hieu-biet ay-tron” vao trong trı (Ro-ma 12:2;
ˆ ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ ˜ ´
Co-lo-se 3:10). Nhan-chng Gie-ho-va a chng kien ieu
`
` ` ´ ` ˆ
nay xay ra khi ngi ta hoc va ap dung li khuyen cua

´ ` ` ˆ ´ ˜
Kinh-thanh. Nhieu ngan ngi—thuoc moi tang lp xa
ˆ ` ` ˆ ˜ ` ` ˜
hoi va trınh o hoc van—a lam the. Ho van la nhng
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
54 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˜
ˆ ´ `
ca nhan khac biet, nhng ho a tr nen hanh phuc va
˘ ˆ ` ˆ `
thang bang hn, bieu hien ieu ma mot ngi viet Kinh-
´
´ ` ´
˜
thanh song trong the ky th nhat goi la tınh “phai le”
ˆ ´ ´ ´
ˆ
(Cong-vu cac s-o 26:24, 25). Cac s cai thien nh the
´ `

ˆ ˆ ˆ
phan ln la ket qua cua viec tan dung mot phan trong vo
˜
´ ´

nao nam phıa trc cua au.
` ´
Thuy tran cua ban

´ `
´ `
ˆ ´
Hau het cac te bao than kinh lp ngoai cua bo oc,

˜ ˆ ´ ´ ` ´
hay vo nao, khong noi trc tiep vi cac bap th it va cac c

´ ´ ˜ ´ `
`
quan cam giac. Thı du, hay xem xet hang ty te bao than
` ` ´ ` ˜ ´
kinh tao thanh thuy tran. (Xem hınh ve, trang 56). Cac
ˆ ` ˜ ´
` ´ ˆ
cuoc chieu hınh nao chng to thuy tran hoat ong manh

˜ ˆ ` ˜

ˆ
khi ban nghı en mot t ng hay hoi tng lai ky niem.
˜
´ ´ ´ ` ˘ ˆ
Phan nao phıa tran ong vai tro ac biet, khien con
` ˆ ´
ngi ban oc ao.

˜ ´ ´ ´ ˆ
“Vo nao trc tran... co quan he nhieu nhat en kha

˘
ˆ ´ ´ ˆ
nang khai trien t tng mot cach chi tiet, en trı thong
ˆ ` ´ ´ ´ ˜
minh, ong lc va ca tınh. No ket hp lai nhng kinh
ˆ ` ˜ ´
`
nghiem can thiet e cau thanh nhng y tng tru
´ ´ ´ ´ ˆ ` ´ `
tng,
oc phan oan, tınh kien trı, oc hoach inh, long
ˆ ` ´ ` ˆ ´
quan tam en ngi khac va lng tam.... Chınh kha

˘
ˆ ´
`
nang khai trien t tng mot cach chi tiet cua vung ay
` ´ ´ ´ ˆ
khien con ngi khac vi thu vat” (Marieb’s Human
´ ˜ `
Anatomy and Physiology). Chung ta thay ro rang bang
´ ´ ˆ ` ´ `

chng ve s khac biet nay qua cac thanh qua cua con

` ´ ˜ ´ ` ˆ
ngi trong cac lınh vc nh toan hoc, triet hoc va cong
ˆ ´ ` ` ` `
“B o oc
˜ con´ ngiˆ h´ au nh hoan to an c cau th˜ anh ´ bi
vo˜ nao. Thı du, bo oc ˆ c uaˆ con khı hac tinh tinh
˜ cung co vo´
nao,´ nhng theo m˜ ot ty le nh ´ o hn
nhieu. Vo n´ ao cho` phep
chung `ta suy ngh ı, ghi ` `nh,´ t
ng ˜ tng. Chung ta la con
ngi´ thc
chat la v´ ı co vo nao” (Edoardo ˆ Boncinelli,
´
giam oc khao cu sinh hoc phan t, Milan, Y).
` ˆ ´
Con ng i ban
oc
ao biet bao! 55
` ` ˆ ´ ˆ ´
T nganh vat
ly hat
cho en bo oc ban

´ ´ ´ ˘
Giao s Paul Davies phat bieu y kien ve kha nang cua
ˆ ´ ˜ ` ´ ´
bo oc s dung lınh vc tru tng nh toan hoc. ` “To´ an`
ˆ ` ´
hoc khong phai la ieu ban thay bat c ni nao. No la
´ ˆ ` ´
san pham cua trı tue con ngi. Song neu chung ta hoi

´ ´ ˜ ˆ ˜
rang toan hoc c ´ ap ` dung hu hieu nhat trong lınh
` ` ´ ´ ˜ `
vc nao, thı o chınh la trong cac lınh vc nh nganh
ˆ ´ ` ` ˆ ˘ ˆ ´ ` ´ `
vat ly hat va nganh thien van vat l´ y la ` cac ng anh khoa
ˆ ´ ´ `
hoc ` c b` an khongˆ dınh dang chut nao en i song
` ` ˜ ` ´ ´
hang ngay”. S kien nay ham an nhng gı? “Ðieu o noi
´ ˆ
´ ´ ` ˘ ´
vi toi rang y thc va kha nang s dung ` toan hoc cua
´ ˆ ` ˆ
chung ta khong phai chı la mot s trung ` hp ngˆ au
ˆ ˆ ` ˆ
nhien, khong phai la mot chi tiet tam thng, khong
` ˆ ˜ ´
phai la san pham phu vo nghıa cua s tien hoa [qua s
` ˆ
ao thai t nhien]”. (Are We Alone?)
´ ` ´ ˜ ˆ ´ ˜ ´
ly, la cac lınh vc quan he chınh yeu en vo nao trc
´
tran.
` ´ ˜ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
Tai sao con ngi lai co vo nao phıa trc tran co kıch
´ ´ ` ˆ ´ ˘ ˆ ´ ´
thc ln va linh ong, gop phan tang them cac chc
˘ ´ ˆ ` ` ˆ ` ` `
nang trı tue cao ang; con ni loai vat thı vung nay lai
˘ ˆ ´ ˜ ` ˆ
s ang hoac khong co? S tng phan ro rang en o
˜ ` ` ´ ´
nhng nha sinh hoc tin vao thuyet tien hoa phai noi en
`
´
´ ´ ˆ ˜ ˆ ´
s “bung no bı an ve kıch thc cua bo nao”. Nhan xet
` ˜ ´
ve mau loi la thng cua vo nao, giao s sinh hoc Richard
´ ˆ ˆ ` ´
F. Thompson thu nhan: “Cho en bay gi chung ta van

˜ ` ´
` ˆ
cha hieu ro tai sao ieu nay xay ra”. Co the nao nguyen
` ` ˜ ´ ˆ ˜
do la con ngi a c tao ra vi mot dung lng nao
ˆ ˆ ˆ
bo vo song khong?
˘ ˆ
Kha nang giao tiep vo song
´ ´ ˆ ´ ˜ ´ ` ´
Cac phan khac cua bo oc cung gop phan lam chung ta
` ` ˆ ´ ˜ ´ ´
thanh con ngi oc ao. Ðang sau vo nao phıa trc
´ ` ˆ ˆ ˆ `
tran la mot dai chay ngang qua au—vo van ong.
Vung
ˆ ˆ
Vo van
ong

˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙
` ´
Thuy tran
˜
Vo n´ ao
tr ´
c
tran
`
Vung Broca
`
Vung Wernicke
` ´ `
` ´ ´
nay cha hang ty te bao than kinh noi vi cac bap th it.
´ ˜ ´ ˜ ˘ ´ ´ ´
No cung co nhng ac iem khien chung ta khac xa vi
´ `
˘ ´ ˆ ´
ˆ ˆ ´
cac loai khı hoac thu vat khac. Vo van ong chınh yeu
` ´ ˆ
˘ ˆ ˆ ` ` `
nay cho chung ta “(1) mot kha nang sieu viet la dung ban
´ ´ ` ´ ´ ˆ ˜ ˆ
tay, cac ngon tay va ngon cai e thc hien nhng nhiem
ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ ´ `
vu chan tay can en mot mc o kheo tay cao va (2) kha
˘
ˆ ˆ ˜ ` ´ ˆ ˘
nang s dung mieng, moi, li va cac bap th it tren mat
´
e noi” (Textbook of Medical Physiology cua Guyton).

˜ ´ ´
ˆ ˆ
Hay xem xet s lc cach vo van ong chi phoi kha

˘ ˘ ´

ˆ ˆ ´
nang an noi cua ban. Hn na phan cua vo van ong co
˜ ` ` ˘ ` ˆ ´ ` `
˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ ˘ Vo nao ˆ mat
´ la´ vung ngo ai˜ cua bo oc, vung` nay gan
lien´ vi trı thong` minh.ˆ Vˆ o n ao cua con ng´ i, neu ´ ˆ
c´ an m ı r ong
ong ra, th o bon trang gi
ay anh
ˆ may; b` o
ocˆ c´ ua con khı ˆ hac tinh tinh em
mot
ˆ chı chi trang; va
bo oc con chuot chiem mot khoang bang con tem
(Scientific American).
ˆ ´ ` ´
nhiem vu ieu khien cac c quan giao tiep. Ðieu nay giup

´
˘ ˆ
`
giai thıch kha nang giao tiep vo song cua con ngi. Tuy
ˆ
´ ´ ˆ `
rang oi tay cua chung ta ong mot vai tro trong s giao
˘ ` ´ ˆ ˆ ` ` ˘
tiep (viet van, lam cac ieu bo bınh thng, hoac ra
ˆ ` ´ ´ ´
dau), nhng mieng thng ong vai chınh. Tieng noi cua

` ` ˆ
´ ´
ngi—t tieng au tien cua em be cho en giong noi

ˆ ` ` ` ˆ ` ˆ ˆ
cua mot ngi gia—la mot ieu ky dieu khong ai choi
˜

˜ ˆ `
cai c. Khoang 100 bap th it li, moi, quai ham, co
` ˆ ˆ ˜
va ngc hp lai e sinh ra vo so am thanh. Ban hay lu
´
ˆ ` ˜ ´
y en s tng phan sau: Mot te bao nao co the ieu
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
58 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ ˜
Moi dan toc
eu co mot
ngon ng
` ` ˆ ˆ ` ˘
Su
ˆ ot l ich s, ´ bat` ky khi ˜ nao mot giongˆ dan nay´ gap ˆ
mot ˆ giong˜ kh´ ac, thı ho cung thay giong dan kia˘ noi mot ˆ
ngon ˜ ng` . Sach ˆ The Language ´ Instinct ´ (Ban ´ nang ˆ ng
ˆ on
ngˆ ) bınh lu` an:
ˆ “Cha ´ h
e co ai
kham pha mot bo lac
` ´ ` ˆ `
cam nao, va khong co bang chng gı cho thay mot
˜ ` ` ˆ ˆ ˜ ` ` ´ vung
a ˜ tng la´ ‘chiec ` noi’ c´ ua ng on ng ,
´ t o´ truy ´ ra
m a
ˆ
nhng nh om ng ˆ i tr ˜ c ´ ay kh ong ` c o
ˆ tieng ´ noi.... ˆ Tınh
ph´ o bien c ua ng on ng ph c t ap l a m ot
ph at hi en khi en
` ˆ ˜ ´ ` ` ´ ˆ
cac nha ngon ng phai than phuc, va la ly do au tien
` ˜
ˆ ˜ ` ˘
lam
˘ ta ˆ ngh ı rang ngon` ng la san pham cua ban nang
ac biet cua con ngi”.
´
`
ˆ ˜ ´
khien 2.000 th th it bap ui cua mot lc sı, nhng cac
` ˜
´ ˆ `
te bao nao ieu khien thanh quan co the tap trung vao

´ ` ˆ ´ ˆ ´ ˆ ` ˆ
chı 2 hay 3 th th it ma thoi. Ðieu o khong noi len la bo
´ ´ ˘ ˆ
oc chung ta c thiet ke ac biet e giao tiep sao?
ˆ ´ ˆ `
´
Moi cau noi ngan ban thot len oi hoi´ cac bap th it c
ˆ ˆ ˆ ˜

ong theo mot khuon mau nhat inh. Y nghıa cua moi
ˆ ˆ ´ ´ ` ˆ ´ ˆ
ˆ `
mot cau noi co the thay oi tuy thuoc mc o c ong va
` ´ ´

s phoi hp thi gian rat chınh xac cua nhieu bap th it
´ ´ ˜ ˆ ˆ
khac nhau. Bac sı William
H. Perkins, mot chuyen gia
ˆ ˜
´ ˆ ˆ ` ` ´
ngon ng, giai thıch: “ mot toc o bınh thng, chung

ˆ ˆ ˆ ´
ta thot ra khoang 14 am moi giay. Van toc o nhanh gap
ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˜ ˜
oi toc o at c khi chung ta van ong rieng re li,
ˆ ` ˘ ` ` ´
´
moi, ham hoac bat ky phan nao khac cua c quan phat
ˆ ´ ´ ´
am. Nhng neu tong hp chung lai e phat ra tieng noi,
` ´ ˆ ´ ´
`
thı chung hoat ong giong nh cac ngon tay cua ngi
´ ´ ` `
` `
anh may lanh nghe va cua ngi chi an dng cam
´ ` ´
ˆ
´ ˆ ˆ
trong cac buoi hoa nhac. Cac c ong cua cac bo phan
` ˆ ´ ` `
nay phoi hp lan nhau mot cach nh ip nhang trong s hai
` ´ ´
hoa tinh te ung luc”.
˜ ˆ
ˆ ˆ
D kien can thiet e hoi mot cau n gian nh: “Ban

ˆ ` ˜ ˆ
manh khoe khong?” c tang tr trong mot phan cua

` ˆ ´
Con ng i ban
oc
ao biet bao! 59
` ´ ˆ ˆ ˜
` ` `
thuy tran thuoc bo nao cua ban; phan nay goi la vung
` ˆ ` ` ˆ ˜ `
Broca ma mot so ngi xem la trung khu ngon ng. Nha

`
khoa hoc than kinh oat giai Nobel la Sir John Eccles
` ` ` ˆ ˜
`
viet: “Cha ai tım ra c vung nao trong bo nao cua loai

´ ´ ˆ ˜
khı, tng ng vi trung khu ngon ng Broca”. Ngay ca

` ˜ ` ` ˆ `
khi tım c nhng vung tng t ni loai vat, thı s
ˆ ` ´ ` ˆ `
´
that la cac nha khoa hoc kh ong th e d ay
lo ai kh ı n oi nhieu
` `
` ˆ ˆ
hn c, ngoai vai tieng n gian ma thoi. Tuy nhien
´ ´ ˆ ´ ´ `
ban co the noi mot th tieng phc tap. Ðe lam the, ban
´ ˜ ´ ˘
ˆ
ghep ch lai vi nhau theo quy tac van pham cua ngon
˜ ` ´ ` ´
´
ng ban. Vung Broca giup ban lam ieu o, ca khi noi

lan khi viet.
˜ ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ ˜ `
Dı nhien, neu ban khong biet ıt nhat mot ngon ng va
˜
´ ` ` ˆ ˆ
hieu nghıa cua cac t, thı ban khong the thc hien c

˘ ˆ ˜ ` ˆ ` ˆ ˆ ˆ
kha nang ngon ng ky dieu nay. Ðieu ay lien he en mot
ˆ ˜ ` ´ ˆ
Ngon ng va trı thong minh
´ ˆ ` ˆ
´ Tai ˆ sao trı thong minh ` ˆ cua con ngi lai troi ` hn han ˆ
tr´ ı thong
` minh ´ cua lo ai vat, ch´ ang´ han nh loai ´khı?
ˆ Mot
ly do ` l a ch
` ` ` ung ta s d
` ˘ung
c u ˆ ph ap—k
´ et h
p
c ac am l ai´
thanh t va dung
` t e˜ at cau. Ly thuyet gia ve sinh ly
´
hoc than kinh la tien sı William H. Calvin giai thıch:
˜ `
“Nhng ´ con ˆ khı´ hac tinh tinh hoang dung khoang ba
mi sau am khac nhau e dien at khoang ba mi
´ ˜ ´ ´ ´ ˘ ˆ ˆ
sau nghıa khac ˜ nhau. Chung´ co theˆ lap l ai mot ˆ am e
nhan ˆ manh ˆ ` ngh´ıa, nhng ` ch` ung khong noi´ ba am lai e
them mot t mi vao kho t vng cua chung.
` ` ´ ˜ ` ´
ˆ “Loai ng ` ˆ i chung ta cˆ ung d ung˜ khoang ba mi ´ sâu
am, ` goi ´ la am ´ v i.˜ Tuy nhi ´ en chı nh ng˜ to hˆ p cûa cac˜ am
nay mi c´ o ngh ` ıa: ´ chung ˜ ta noi nh ˜ ng am vˆ o ngh ´ ıa
e
tao ra cac ´ t c o ngh ıa”. ´ Ti en s ı Calvin ´ nh an x et rang`
“cha ˆ ˆ ai coˆ the gi˜ ai th ıch”` ˆ c bc chuy ˘ en biˆ en t´
“mot
am mot ` ngh` ıa”` cua lo ´ ai v´ at sang kha nang oc ao
cua con ngi la dung cu phap.
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
60 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
ˆ ˜ ˆ
Khong chı ve nguech
ngoac

´ `
“Co phai chı con ngi, chung loai Homo sapiens,
´ ´ ˘
ˆ ˜ ˆ ˜
m` i co` kh a n ang giao ti ep b ang ng on ng
ˆ ` ` ˆ ` ˜ khong? ´ Ro`
rang la cau tra li phai tuy thuoc vao nghıa cua nhom t
ˆ ˜ ˜ ´ ` ˆ ´ ´
‘ngon ng’—bi le tat ca cac loai vat mc phat trien

ˆ ˆ
cao chac chan dien at b ang nhi eu d au, nh i eu b o,
´ ˆ ´ ` ´ `
hi hng, tieng keu, tieng hu va tieng hot, va ngay ca
˜ ˆ ` ˆ ˜ ´ ´ ˆ
vu i` eu cua loai ` ong. Songˆ ngon´ ng cua ˘ cac thu vat `
ngoai con ngi xem ra khong co c cau van pham. ˜ Va
ˆ ´ ´ ` ´ ˆ ˆ
mot ˜ ieu ´ co the kha quan trong ` la th u vat khong ve c
ˆ ´ ˜ ˘
nhng tac pham hoi hoa. Ma co ve c hoa chang
˜ ` ˜ ´ ˆ ´ `
cung chı la nhng net nguech ngoac” (Giao s R. S. va
D. H. Fouts).
˘ ˆ ´
ˆ ´ ` `
ph
anˆ ac biet khac cua bo oc ban, goi la vung Wernicke.
`
` ˆ ˜
ay, hang ty te bao than kinh nhan biet nghıa cua

˜ ` ´ ˘ ` ´
nhng li noi hoac viet. Vung Wernicke giup ban hieu
˜ ` ´ ` ˜ ˘
c nhng li phat bieu va nhng ieu ban nghe hoac
` ` ´ ˜ ˆ ` ´ ´
oc; vı the ma ban co the hoc biet d kien va co the ap
´ ˆ ´ ´
ng mot cach hp ly.
´ ˆ
`
´ ˜ ´
Noi troi chay oi hoi nhieu yeu to khac na. Ðe thı du:
ˆ ` `
´ ´ ˜ ´
Mot li chao hoi co the mang nhieu y nghıa khac nhau.

ˆ ` ´

Giong cua ban bieu lo s vui mng, khoai cam, buon
´ ˆ ˜ ´ ˜ ˘ ˜ ` ´ ´
chan, voi va, kho ch iu, buon ba, hoac s hai, va no co the
ˆ ˆ ´ ´ ˆ
´ ´ `
´
bieu lo tham chı mc o cua cac trang thai tınh cam o.
ˆ ` ´ ´ ˜ ˆ
Mot vung khac trong oc ban cung cap d kien cho phan

´
` ´ ` ˆ ˆ ´
cam xuc cua li noi. Vı the, nhieu bo phan khac nhau

ˆ ´ ` ´
cua bo oc cung gop phan khi ban dien at.
˜
˜ ˆ
Nhng con khı hac tinh tinh a c day mot so dau
´ ´ ´ ˘ ˘
gii han, nhng chung ra dau cot e xin thc an hoac
˜ ´ ˘
´ ` ` `

nhng th can ban khac. La ngi tng day khı hac
´
ˆ ` `
tinh tinh cach dien at n gian khong dung li, tien
˜ ˆ ˆ ˜ ` ` `
sı David Premack ket luan: “Ngon ng loai ngi la
ˆ ˆ ´ ˘ ´
`
mot van e gay kho khan cho thuyet tien hoa bi vı
` ˆ ´
Con ng i ban
oc
ao biet bao! 61
ˆ ´
´
˘
khong ai co the giai thıch c het kha nang bao la cua

´
no”.
´ ´ ` ´
Chung ta co the suy ngam: ‘Tai sao con ngi ta co kha

˘ ` ˆ `
`
˜
nang ky dieu nay e dien at t tng va cam nghı,

` ´ ´
e hoi va e ap?’ Sach Encyclopedia of Language and
´ ˆ ˜
` ` `
Linguistics phat bieu rang “ngon ng [cua loai ngi] la
˘ ˆ ` ` ˆ ` ˆ ˆ `
ieu ac biet”, va nhın nhan la “cong cuoc tım kiem tien
ˆ
ˆ ˜
` ˆ
than cua ngon ng trong s giao tiep cua loai vat chang
´ ` ˆ ˆ ˘ ´ ˜ ˆ
li
ıch la bao trong viec lap ho sau ngan cach gia ngon
˜ ´
` ` `
` ˆ
ng, tieng noi cua con ngi va hanh vi cua loai vat”.
´ ˆ ´ ´ ˆ
Giao s Ludwig Koehler thau tom c s khac biet:
ˆ ˜ ` ` ˆ ´ ´ ` ˆ ˘
“Ngon ng con ngi la mot ieu bı an; no la mot tang

´ ´ ` ˆ ´
pham cua Ðc Chua Tri, mot phep la”.
ˆ
ˆ
´ ˆ ´
Viec ra dau cua mot con khı khac biet biet bao vi kha
˘
ˆ ˜ ´

nang s dung ngon ng phc tap cua tre em! Sir John

´ ` ´ ˜ ˜ ˆ
Eccles noi en ieu ma hau het chung ta cung a nhan
´ `
˘ `

ˆ
thay; o la kha nang ma “ngay ca tre em len ba tuoi the
ˆ ˆ ` ˆ
` ` ´
hien bang mot ˆ trang cau hoi vı muon tım hieu the gii

´ ´ ´ `
ˆ ˘
cua chung”. Ong noi tiep: “Trai lai, loai khı khong at
ˆ
ˆ
´ ` ˘ ˆ

´
cau hoi”. Vang, chı co con ngi at cau hoi, ke ca cac
ˆ
´ ˜

cau hoi ve y nghıa cua s song.
´ ´ ` ´ ˜
Ky c va nhieu ieu khac n a!
` ´ ˜ ˆ ˘
Khi liec vao gng, ban co the nghı en khuon mat
` `

´ ´ ´ ˘
mınh hoi con tre, ngay ca so sanh no vi gng mat ban

˜ ˘ ` ˘ ´
trong nhng nam sau nay hoac sau khi trang iem. Cac
´
` ´
` ˆ ´ ˆ
y tng nay co the nay sinh gan nh t vo thc, tuy vay
´ ˆ ´ ´ ´ ˆ
Giao` s A. ´ Noam˜ Chomsky ´ nhan xet:´ “Xet ´ ve trı tue` ˆ
conˆ ng´ i, ch` ung ˆ ta cung˜ thay c acˆ c au ˆ tr uc ph c ` tap
´ ky dieu.
Mot thı du la˜ ngon ˜ ng , nhng
˘ ay kh´ ong ` phai l´ a thı d´ u duy ˆ
nhat. B` an hay ngh ı veˆ kha nang cua oc d´ ung ` cac khai ni ` em

tru tng
ˆ cua´ h˘ e thong
ˆ so,´ [i eu o dng ` nh la
mot trı nang] oc ao cua con ngi”.
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
62 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
´ ˘ ˘ ˆ
“Ð c
phu cho” kha nang at
cau hoi
˜ ` ˆ ´
Ve tng´ lai cua vu tru, ˘ nha´ vat ˆ ly Lawrence
˜ Krauss
viet:´ “Chung´ ta bao ˆ dan at cac c au h oi ve nh ng ieu´
` ˘ ` ´
chung
˘ ta co the ´ khong ˆ bao´ giˆ gap, ` bi vı chung ta c´ o
kha´ nang h˜ oi c ac c´ au o.´ Mot ngay kia ´ con, hay ´ ch au
chung ta se giai ap. Chung ta c phu cho trı tng
tng”.

ˆ ˘ ˆ ˆ ˆ
mot ieu rat ac biet ang dien ra, mot ieu khong con
ˆ ` ´
ˆ
vat nao co the cam nghiem c.
´ ´ ´ ˆ ` `
` ` ˆ `
Khac vi thu vat la loai chı song va hanh ong vı nhu
ˆ ` ´ ` ˆ ´ ´ `
cau hien tai, con ngi co the hoai niem ve qua kh va
` ´ ` ˆ ´ ` `
tru tınh tng lai. Ban lam c nh vay chınh la nh

˘ ´ ´ ˆ
˜ ˆ `
kha nang ky c hau nh vo han cua nao bo. Ðanh rang
´ ˆ ´ ´ ´
ˆ ´ ˆ ` ´ ` ` ´
suc vat co ky c mot mc o nao o, va vı the chung
´ ` ` ` ˘ ´ ´ ´
co the tım c ng ve nha hoac nh lai cho chung co
` ´ ˘ ´ ´
` ` `
the tım c thc an. Ky c cua loai ngi thı tot hn
ˆ ´ ´ ˆ ´ ´ ´
nhieu. Mot khoa hoc gia c tınh rang bo oc chung ta co
´ ˜
˜ ˆ ˆ
the tıch luy u d kien “e viet ay hai mi trieu cuon
´ ´ ´ ˆ ´ ˆ
sach, nhieu bang so sach trong cac th vien ln nhat tren
´ ˆ ` ´ ´
the gii”. Mot so nha khoa hoc ve than kinh c tınh
ˆ ` ` ` ˆ `
rang trong mot i song dai trung bınh, mot ngi chı

ˆ ˘ ˘
s dung 1/100 cua mot phan tram (.0001) tiem nang cua
ˆ ˜ ´
ˆ ´ ´ ´
bo nao. Ban co the hoi mot cach thıch ang: ‘Tai sao
´ ´ ˆ ˆ ´ ´ ˘ `
chung ta co mot bo oc co nhieu tiem nang en the, ma
´ ` ˆ ˆ

´
chung ta lai dung khong het mot phan nho cua no trong
ˆ ` `
mot i song trung bınh?’
ˆ ˜
´ ˜ ˆ

` ˆ
Bo nao cua chung ta cung khong phai chı la mot
´ ˜ ˆ ` ˜ ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
ni tıch luy vo van d kien, nh mot may sieu ien
´ ´ `
toan. Hai giao s sinh hoc Robert Ornstein va Richard

˘

´ ´ `
F. Thompson viet: “Kha nang hoc hoi cua trı oc con ngi
` ˜ ` ´ ˜ ˆ ` ˆ ˆ ´
—tang tr va nh lai d kien—l a mot hien tng ang
´ ´ ˜ ´
chu y nhat trong vu tru sinh hoc. Moi ieu khien chung
` ˆ ´
Con ng i ban
oc
ao biet bao! 63
´ ` ` ´ ˘ ˆ
` ˆ ´ ` Ch˜ı co loˆ ai ng
´ i m˜ i at
cau
` h oi.
Vai cau hoi trong so o la nhng cau ve y nghıa cua i song
` ` ˆ ˜
´ ˘
ta thanh con ngi—ngon ng, t tng, kien thc, van
´ `

ˆ
˘ `
hoa—la ket qua cua mot kha nang phi thng”.
˜ ´ ˆ
´ ´ ´ ` ´ ´
Hn na, trı tue cua ban co y thc. Li phat bieu o
`
´ ˆ ˆ
dng nh c ban; nhng no tong ket lai mot ieu khong
˜ ` ` ˆ `
the choi cai c, la ieu khien ban thanh mot con ngi
ˆ ´ ´ ´ ˜ ˆ
` ˆ ´
oc ao. Trı oc a c mo ta la “mot thc the kho inh
˜ ´ ´ ´ ˆ
˘
nghıa, ni o co trı thong minh, kha nang quyet inh,

˘ ˆ ´
` ´ ´ ´
kha nang nhan thc, cam biet va y thc ve chınh con
` ` ˜ ` ˜ `
ngi mınh”. Nh nhng dong suoi, nhng con lach va
ˆ ` ˜
ˆ
`
song o ra bien, thı nhng ky niem, t tng, hınh anh,

ˆ `
˜ ˜ ˆ
` ˘ ˆ
am thanh va cam nghı mai tuon chay vao hoac troi qua
´ ´ ´ ˆ ˜
´ ´ ` ˆ ´
trı oc chung ta. Mot inh nghıa cua y thc la “nhan thc
˜ ` ´ ˆ
`
ve nhng gı dien ra trong trı rieng cua mınh”.
´ `
´ ˆ ˜ ˆ ´
Cac nha khao cu hien ai a tien bo kha nhieu trong
ˆ ´ ˆ ´
ˆ ˜ ` ˆ
viec hieu biet ve cach cau tao vat ly cua bo nao va mot
` ` ˆ ´ ´ ˜ ´
vai tien trınh ien hoa hoc dien ra trong o. Ho cung co
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
64 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
´ ´ ` ˆ `
Kh´ ac ´ vi´ loai
vat,
´ con` ngi
`
co y thc ve chınh mınh va ve tng lai

´ ´ ˆ ` ´ ˆ
ˆ
the giai thıch cac mach ien va cach hoat ong cua mot
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ ´ ˆ
may ien toan toi tan. Tuy nhien, co mot s khac biet
ˆ ˆ ˜ ˆ ´ ` ´ ˆ ´ ` ˆ ´ `
menh mong gia bo oc va may ien toan. Nh bo oc ma
´ ´ ´ ` ` ˆ ˜ ´ ˆ
ban co y thc va biet mınh hien hu, nhng may ien
´ ` ˆ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
toan thı khong y thc ve chınh no. Tai sao co s khac
ˆ
biet ay?
` ˆ ` ´ ` ` ´ ´
Thanh that ma noi, tai sao va nh the nao y thc nay

` ˜ ´ ` ˆ ´ ´ ´
sinh t nhng qua trınh vat ly dien ra trong oc chung ta
` ˆ ´ ˆ ` ` ˆ
la mot ieu bı an. Mot nha sinh hoc than kinh bınh luan:
ˆ ˆ ` ` ` ´
“Toi khong thay c lam sao nganh khoa hoc nao co the

´ ´ ´ ˜ ˆ
giai thıch c ieu o”. Giao s James Trefil cung nhan
´ ` ` ˆ ` ´ ´ ´ ˜ ´
xet: “The nao la mot con ngi co y thc theo nghıa chınh
´ ´ ` ˆ ˆ
´
xac... Ðo la mot cau hoi quan trong duy nhat trong cac
` ` ´ ˆ ´ ˆ

nganh khoa hoc ma chung ta tham chı khong biet hoi the
` ˆ ´
Con ng i ban
oc
ao biet bao! 65
` ˆ ´ ` ˜ ` ` ˆ ´
nao”. Mot ly do la nhng nha khoa hoc dung bo oc e co
ˆ ´ `
ˆ ´ ´
ˆ ´ ˆ `
hieu bo oc. Va chı nghien cu ve sinh ly cua bo oc thoi thı
´ ˆ
˜ ˆ ´
co the khong u. Tien sı David Chalmers nhan xet rang
´ ´ ` ˆ ˜ ´ ˆ
y thc la “mot trong nhng ieu bı an sau xa nhat cua s

ˆ ˜
ˆ ´ ˆ ` ˆ
hien hu, nhng chı hieu biet ve bo oc thoi thı khong the
´ ´ `
´
giup [cac nha khoa hoc] giai c ieu bı an ay”.
` ´
ˆ ´
Nhng du sao chung ta ai nay eu cam nghiem c y
´ ´ ´
ˆ ˆ ˜
thc. Thı du, cac ky niem song ong ve nhng ieu xay

´ ´ ˆ

` ˜ ˆ
ra trong qua kh khong phai chı la nhng s kien c
` ˜ ˜ ˆ
´ ˆ ´
tang tr, nh nhng bit thong tin cua may ien toan.
´ ´ ˜ ˆ
Chung ta co the suy ngam ve nhng kinh nghiem cua

` ` ´ ´ ˜ ` ` ` ´
mınh, t o rut ra nhng bai hoc, va dung chung e d
´ ´ ´ ´
tınh tng lai. Chung ta co the xet en nhieu vien canh
´
` ´ ˆ
co the xay ra trong tng lai va tham inh cac hieu qua

´ ˆ ´ ´
˘ ˆ
moi vien canh co the gay ra. Chung ta co kha nang phan
´ ´
´ ` ˆ ´ ´
tıch, sang che, cam kıch, va yeu thng. Chung ta co the

´ ˜ ˆ ˆ ` ´ ´ ´
thng thc nhng cuoc chuyen tro vui thu ve qua kh,
ˆ ` ´ ´ ´ ´ `
ve hien tai va tng lai. Chung ta co cac gia tr i ve hanh
´ ` ´ ˆ ´ ´ ` ` ˜
vi ao c va co the van dung cac gia tr i nay vao nhng
´ ˘ ˆ ´ ´
quyet inh co the, hoac khong the, mang lai li ıch tc
´ ´
´
ˆ ˆ
khac. Chung ta c thu hut bi cai ep cua nghe thuat
` ´ ´ ´ ´
va ao c. Trong trı, chung ta co the uon nan, trau chuot
´
` ´ ˜ ` ´ ˜
´
y tng, va oan xem nhng ngi khac se phan ng ra
´ ˆ ˜ ´
sao khi chung ta thc hien nhng y ay.
˜
´
Nhng yeu to nh the tao ra cam biet khien chung ta
´ ˆ ´ ˜ ´
ˆ ˆ
tach biet vi nhng the song khac tren at. Mot con
´ ` ` ` `
´
cho, con meo, hay con chim nhın vao gng va phan ng
` ´ ˆ ˆ ´ `
nh la chung thay mot con vat khac cung loai. Nhng khi
` ` ´ ´ ´ ` ` ˆ
ban nhın vao gng, ban y thc ve chınh mınh la mot con
` ´ ´
˘ ` ´
ngi co cac kha nang va ke. Ban co the suy ngam ve
˜ ` ´
ˆ
nhng tınh the kho x, chang han nh: ‘Tai sao mot so
` ˘ ` ˆ ˆ
con rua song 150 nam va mot so cay coi song hn 1.000
˘ ˆ ` ˆ ˘ ˆ
nam, nhng mot con ngi thong minh c ang tren
˘ ´ ˘ ˜
mat bao khi song c 100 nam?’ Tien sı Richard Restak
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
66 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
´ ˆ ´
` `
´ ˆ ´
phat bieu: “Bo oc cua con ngi, va chı co bo oc cua con
` ´ ´
˘ ´ ˆ
ngi mi co kha nang suy ngam, quan sat hoat ong cua
´ ` ` ` ` ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ ˆ
chınh mınh, va vı the ma at c mot mc o sieu viet
` ´ ˆ ˆ
˘ ` `
nao o. That vay, kha nang thay oi chng trınh hanh
ˆ `
´ ` ˆ ˆ ´ ´
ong va t cai hoa la ieu phan biet chung ta vi tat ca

´ ˆ ´ ˆ ´
cac tao vat khac tren the gii”.
´ ´
` ` ˆ `

Y thc cua con ngi lam mot so ngi phai boi roi.
ˆ ˆ
´ ´ ´
Tuy thien ve viec giai thıch y thc bang sinh hoc, quyen
´
` ˆ ´
sach Life Ascending phai nhın nhan: “Chung ta boi roi

` ` ˆ ´ ` ´
khi hoi: Lam sao ma mot qua trınh [s tien hoa] giong
ˆ ` ` ´ ˜ ` ´
nh mot tro c bac, co nhng hınh phat ang s cho ke

´ ´ ´ ´
˘
thua, lai co the sinh ra cac c tınh nh kha nang cam

´ ˆ ` ´ ˜ ` ` ˆ
thu cai chan va cai my, long trac an, s t do va tren het,

˘ ´
` ´
kha nang phong phu cua tinh than con ngi. Chung ta
`
˘ ´ ˆ ˆ
cang suy ngam ve kha nang hng ve thieng lieng cua

` `
´ ` ˆ ´
mınh, thı s thac mac cua chung ta cang sau”. Rat ung.
´ ` ˆ
ˆ ´ ˆ
Nh the, e co the hoan tat cuoc thao luan ve tınh oc
´
` ˜ ` ´ ´ ´
ao cua con ngi, hay xem vai bang chng ve y thc cua

´ ` ´ ´ ´ `
chung ta, la cac chng c cho biet tai sao nhieu ngi tin
`
´ ˆ ˆ ˆ
chac la phai co mot Ðang Thiet Ke thong minh, mot Ðang
´ ˆ ´
Tao Hoa, quan tam en chung ta.
ˆ ˆ ` ˜
Nghe thuat
va tham my
´ ´
Trong s ach Symmetry, Causality, Mind, gi ao s

` ˆ
Michael Leyton hoi: “Tai sao ngi ta am me theo uoi
ˆ ˆ ˆ
´ ` ` ´
nghe thuat en the?” Nh ong giai thıch, vai ngi co
´ ˆ ´
the noi hoat ong
tinh than nh toan hoc mang lai li
´ ˜ ` ˆ ˆ ` ´
ˆ
ıch ro rang cho nhan loai, nhng au la li ıch cua nghe
ˆ ´ ´ ´ ˜
thuat? Leyton minh hoa bang cach noi rang co nhng
` ˜ ˆ ˜ ˆ ˆ
ngi i rat xa e d nhng cuoc trien lam nghe thuat
` ` ´ ˆ ´ ´ ˆ ˆ `
va hoa nhac. Ðieu o lien quan en y thc noi tam nao?
` ˆ ´
Tng t nh the, nhieu ngi tren khap the gii treo
˜ ´ ´ ˆ `
nhng bc tranh hay bc hoa ep tren tng trong

` ˘ ˘ ` ` ´ ˆ
nha hoac trong van phong ho. Hay la xet ve am nhac.
` ˆ ´
Con ng i ban
oc
ao biet bao! 67
` ´ ˆ ˆ ` ´
Hau het ngi ta thıch nghe mot loai am nhac nao o

` ` ´ ´ ˆ
khi nha va luc lai xe. Tai sao? Chac chan khong phai
` ` ˆ ´ ˆ ` ˜ ´ ´ ˆ ˆ ´
la tai vı am nhac co mot thi a giup cac ong vat thıch
´ ´ ˆ ˆ ´ ˜ ` ˆ
nghi nhat song sot. Leyton noi: “Nghe thuat co le la mot
ˆ ´
´
` `
hien tng kho giai thıch nhat cua loai ngi”.
ˆ ´
´
Tuy vay chung ta ai nay eu biet rang thng thc
ˆ ˆ ` ˜ ` ˆ
` ´
nghe thuat va tham my la mot phan cua ieu lam chung

` ` ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ
ta cam thay la “con ngi”. Mot con vat co the ngoi tren
ˆ ` ` ˆ ` `
mot ngon oi va nhın len bau tri ay mau sac, nhng
´ ´
´ ˆ ´ ` ˆ
no co c ve ep thu hut khong? Khi chung ta nhın mot
´ ´ ´ ˘ `
ngon thac long lanh di anh mat tri, hay ngam canh
ˆ ˆ ` ˜ ˆ ´ ` ˆ ´
vat muon mau rc r trong mot canh rng nhiet i,
˘ ˘ ´ ` ˜ ´ ` ` ´
hoac cham chu nhın bai bien co hang da xanh, hay thıch
´ ` ˜ `
´ `
thu ngam nhın nhng vı sao rai rac khap bau tri en
´ `
´
tuyen nh nhung; chung ta thng cam thay than phuc,
´
ˆ
` ` ´ ˆ ˜
co phai khong? Ve ep nh the lam long chung ta ron ra,
ˆ ´
tam than chung ta bay bong. Tai sao?
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
68 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
´ ´ ˜ ´ ´
Tai
sao chung ta lai co nhng ao c bam sinh khat
˜ ˜ ` ˜ ´ ` ˆ
khao nhng ieu tham my, la nhng th ma tren thc
´ ´ ´ ˆ ˆ
te gop phan rat ıt, xet ve phng dien vat chat, cho s
`
´ ´ ´ ˜
´
song con cua chung ta? Cac gia tr i tham my cua chung
` ˆ ˆ ` ˆ ´ ´
ta t au en? Neu khong nhın nhan co Ðang Tao Hoa
` ´ ` ´ ´ ` ´ ´
la Ðang phu cho con ngi cac gia tr i nay luc sang tao,
` ´ ˆ
` `
´
´ `
thı cac cau hoi nay thieu li giai ap thoa ang. Ðieu nay
˜ ´ `
´
cung ung trong trng hp ve ep ao c.
´ ´ ´
Cac gia tr i ao
c
` ` ˆ ` ´
Nhieu ngi tha nhan rang hınh thc cao thng

´ ` ˜ ˆ ˆ ´
nhat cua cai ep la nhng viec thien. Thı du, trung
` ´ ˆ ` ´ ` ˆ ˆ ´
thanh vi nguyen tac du b i bat b, hanh ong mot cach

´
` ´ `
v i tha e giam bt noi au kho cua ngi khac, va tha
´ ` ` ` ` ´ ` ˆ ´
th ngi lam ton thng mınh la cac hanh ong kıch
ˆ ´ ´ ´
˜ ` ˜
ong y thc ao c cua nhng ngi biet suy nghı

´ ˆ ` ´ ˆ
khap ni. Cai ep thuoc loai nay c Kinh-thanh mo ta

ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ
`
bang mot cau cham ngon xa: “S khon-ngoan cua ngi
` ˆ ´ ˆ ` ` `
khien cho ngi cham nong-gian; va ngi lay lam danh-
`
ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ
d ma bo qua toi pham”. Hay nh mot cau cham ngon
´ ´ ` `
` ` ` ˆ
khac noi: “Long nhn-t cua ngi lam cho ngi ta yeu-
ˆ ` ˆ ˆ
chuong mınh” (Cham-ngon 19:11, 22).
´ ` ˆ ` ˆ ´
Chung ta ai nay eu biet la mot so ngi, tham chı ca

´ ` ˆ ˆ ` ˆ
nhom ngi, khong quan tam en hay cha ap nen luan
´ ´ ` ˆ ` ´ ´
ly, ao c cao; nhng a so thı khong lam the. Cac gia
´ ` `
tr i ao c hau nh thay tai khap ni va trong moi thi
` ` ` ˆ ´ ˆ ´
ai t nguon nao ma ra? Neu khong co Nguon luan ly
´ ˆ ´ ´ ` ´
ao c, khong co Ðang Tao Hoa, thı ieu trai hay phai

´ ` ` ˜ ˆ ` `
chı n gian xuat phat t ngi ta, xa hoi loai ngi ?
˜ ˆ ´ ´ ˆ `
Hay xem mot thı du: Hau het ca nhan lan oan the eu
` ` ´
tin rang giet ngi la sai. Nhng ta co the hoi: ‘Sai theo

ˆ ` ˆ ` ´ ˆ ´ ´ ´ `
tieu chuan nao?’ Tat nhien la co mot y thc ao c nao
´ ` ˘
˜ ˆ ` ` ´ ` ´ ´
o lam can ban cho xa hoi loai ngi noi chung va y thc
´ ˜ ` ˆ ´
´ ˆ
o a c a vao trong luat phap cua nhieu nc. Ðau
` ˆ ´
Con ng i ban
oc
ao biet bao! 69
˜
ˆ ` ´ ` `
Neu vu´ tru ` sinh
` ra do ng´ au nhien ˆ va chung
´ ta tˆ ınh´ c s˜ ongˆ
trong
` o, thı i ` song chung ´ ta khong th˜e co m` ot y ngh ıa lau
dai. Nhng
neu ` i` song ch ung ta trong
´ ˆ vu´ tru l˜ a ket qua´ cua s
thiet ke, thı i song at phai co mot y nghıa thoa ang.
`
ˆ ´ `
` ˆ
la nguon cua tieu chuan ao c nay? Chang phai la mot
´ ˆ ´ ˜ ´ ´ ˜
Ðang Tao Hoa thong minh, co nhng gia tr i ao c a
˘
˘ ˆ ´ ´ ´ `
at kha nang lng tam, hay y thc ao c, vao trong
` ` ´ ˆ
long ngi ta sao? (So sanh Ro-ma 2:14, 15).
´ ` ´
Ban
co the suy t ng va d tınh ve t ng lai
ˆ ´ ´
´ ´
` `
Mot khıa canh khac cua y thc cua con ngi la kha

˘
` ` ´
nang suy t ve tng lai. Khi c hoi la con ngi co
˜ ˘ ` ´ ` ˆ ` ´
nhng ac iem nao khien ho khac loai vat, thı giao s
` ˆ `
ˆ ´
Richard Dawkins nhın nhan rang con ngi qua that co
˜ ´ ´ ˆ ´ ˆ
˘ `
nhng c tınh oc ao. Sau khi e cap “kha nang dung
´ ´ ´ ´ ` ´
` ˆ
tınh lo xa co y thc va trı tng tng e tru lieu
´ ´ ˆ ´ ´ ` ˆ ˆ `
trc”, Dawkins noi them: “Li ıch tc thi luon luon la
´ ´ ˆ
ieu quan trong duy nhat trong s tien hoa; li ıch lau
` ˆ ´ ´ ˆ ´ `
dai khong he quan trong. Cha he co the co mot cai gı van
´ ` ´ ´ `
´ ˆ
tien hoa, du hai cho li ıch tc thi cua ca nhan. Xa nay,
ˆ ` ˆ ` ´ ˆ ` ´ ´ `
ay la lan au tien ma ıt ra mot so ngi co the noi: ‘Ðng
˜ ˆ ´ ´ ´ ` ´
nghı en viec ta co the c li ıch tc thi bang cach on
` ` ` ´ ˆ ` ` ˆ ˆ ˜
khu rng nay; con ve li ıch lau dai thı sao?’ Vay toi nghı

˘ ` ´
` ˆ ´
rang kha nang lo xa nay thc s mi me va oc ao”.
´ `
´ ´ ˜ ´ ˆ
˘ `
Cac nha khao cu khac cung xac nhan kha nang tru
ˆ ˆ ` ´ ´ ´
` ` ˆ ˆ
lieu ve lau dai, co y thc cua con ngi la mot ieu vo
` ´ ˆ
song. Nha sinh ly hoc than kinh William H. Calvin nhan
´ ` ˆ `
` ˆ `
xet: “Ngoai viec giao phoi va sa soan cho mua ong, la

˘ ´ ´ ´
kha nang do kıch thıch to thuc ay, ieu khien ta ngac
ˆ ` ´ ˆ ˆ ´ ´
˘
nhien la thu vat bieu hien rat ıt bang chng ve kha nang
` ˆ ´ `
` ` ´ ´ ˆ ´ ˜
tru lieu trc, du chı la vai phut”. Thu vat co the d tr
´ ˘ ´ ` ˆ ´ ˆ ˜
thc an trc mua ong, nhng chung khong suy nghı
´ ˆ ` ´ ` ` ˆ ´
thau ao s viec va theo o ma tru lieu. Trai lai, con
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
70 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
ˆ ´ ` ` ´
Chı rieng co loai ngi cam thu cai ep,

˜ ` ´ ´
nghı en tng lai va c thu hut en Ðang Tao
Hoa
` ˜
˘ ˆ
ngi nghı en tng lai, ngay ca tng lai xa xam. Mot

˜ ´
so khoa hoc gia suy tng ve nhng ieu co the xay ra

˜ `
˘ ` ´ `
cho vu tru hang ty nam sau nay. Ban co bao gi t hoi
` ´ ` ˆ ´ ˜
tai sao con ngi—khac xa loai vat en the—co the nghı
` ` ˆ
ve tng lai va bay ra ke hoach khong?
´ ´ ` ` ´
Kinh-thanh noi ve con ngi ta: “Ngai [Ðang Tao Hoa]´
` `
` ` `
khien cho s i i ni long loai ngi”. Ban Dien Y
` ´ ´ ´ ˆ ˜
` ´
thı noi: “Thng Ðe co gieo rac y niem vınh cu vao trı
´ ` ` ´ `
oc loai ngi” (Truyen-ao 3:11). Chung ta dung kha

˘ ˘ ˆ ` ` `
ˆ `
nang ac biet nay hang ngay, ngay ca trong mot hanh
ˆ ˆ ` ` ` ˜
ong rat thong thng nh liec vao gng va nghı en
ˆ
´ ˜ ˘
ngoai dien cua chung ta se ra sao trong 10 hay 20 nam
´ ` ´ `

ti. Va chung ta khang inh li Truyen-ao 3:11 ngay

´
´ ˜ ´ ´ ˆ
ca khi chung ta chı thoang nghı ve cac khai niem nh s
` ˆ ´
Con ng i ban
oc
ao biet bao! 71
ˆ ˆ
` ` ˆ ˆ ´ ´
vo tan
cua thi gian va khong gian. S kien chung ta co

˘ ` ` ´ ` ´ ` ´
kha nang nay phu hp vi li phat bieu la Ðang Tao Hoa
˜ ˘ ´ ˆ ˜
` ´ ´ ` `
a at “y niem vınh cu vao trı oc loai ngi”.
´ ´
Ð c
thu hut en gan Ðang Tao
Hoa
ˆ ` ˆ ` `
˜
Tuy nhien, nhieu ngi khong hoan toan thoa man
´ ˆ
´ ´ ´ ˆ ` ˆ
vi viec thng thc cai ep, vi viec lam ieu thien
` ` ˜ ´
cho ngi ong loai va suy nghı en tng lai. Giao s
ˆ ´ ´ `
C. Stephen Evans nhan xet: “Ðieu ngh ich ly la ngay ca

` ˜ ˆ ´ ´ ` ´ ´ `
vao nhng giay phut hanh phuc va quy bau nhat la
´ ´ ˆ ` ˆ ` ´ `
luc chung ta yeu va c y eu, thı chung ta lai thng

ˆ ` ´ ´ `
cam thay thieu mot ieu gı o. Chung ta thay mınh
ˆ
muon nhieu hn nhng lai khong biet ieu nhieu hn
` ´ ` `
ˆ ˜ ` ´
ma chung ta muon la gı”. Qua that, nhng ngi co
´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ` ˆ ` ˆ `
y thc—khac vi cac loai vat cung song tren hanh tinh
`
ˆ ´
nay—cam thay mot nhu cau khac.
ˆ ´ ˘ ˆ ` ˆ

`
“Ton giao an sau vao tan goc re cua ban chat con ngi
` ` ˆ ` ˆ `
va c ngi ta thuoc moi trınh o hoc van va ia v i

ˆ ˆ ` ˆ `
kinh te cam nghiem”. Cau nay tong ket cong trınh khao
´ ` ´ ` ` ´
cu ma giao s Alister Hardy trınh bay trong sach The

ˆ ˆ
Spiritual Nature of Man (Ban chat thieng lieng cua con

` ´ ` ` ˆ ˆ
ngi). Sach nay khang inh ieu ma nhieu cuoc nghien
´ ´ ˜ ´ ˆ ` ´ ´ ´
cu khac a xac lap—con ngi co y thc ve Thng Ðe.
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
Tuy ca nhan co the vo than, nhng khong co mot tap the
ˆ ´
quoc gia vo than. Quyen sach Is God the Only Reality?
´ ` ˆ ˆ ˆ ´
(Thng Ðe co la hien thc duy nhat khong?) nhan xet:
ˆ ˆ ` ´ ˜ ˆ ´ `
“Cong cuoc tım kiem y nghıa trong ton giao... la kinh
ˆ ˆ ` ˘ ´ `
nghiem th ong thng trong moi nen van hoa va trong
` ` ` ˆ
moi ´ thi ai t khi con ngi xuat hien”.
´ ` ` ` ˆ
Y thc dng nh bam sinh nay ve Thng Ðe t au
`
` ˆ ˆ ´
ra? Neu con ngi chı la mot to hp ngau nhien gom cac
ˆ
` ` ´ ˆ
phan t protein va axit nucleic, thı tai sao cac phan t

` ´ ` ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ ` ˜
nay lai phat trien long yeu thıch nghe thuat va tham my,
´ ´ ˜ `
´ ˆ ˜
co tın ngng, va t tng ve y niem vınh cu?

´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
72 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
´ ` ´ ˘ ˘
Co c
nh lan tranh con ho rang kiem chang?
ˆ `
John Polkinghorne,
ˆ ´ thuoc ai hoc ng Cambridge,
Anh Quoc, nhan xet:
´ ˆ ´ ´ ˆ ´
“Ly` thuyèt gia ve vat ly Paul ˆ ` Dirac
´ phat hien ly thuyet ´
goi ´ la trng lng t;
´ ay ˆla l´ y thuy ˆ etˆ chu yeu, giup
ch
ung ta hieu˘ c ´the giˆ i vát ly. Toi kh ong the tin c
rang ˘ kh a n ang´ ph at ´ hi en l y thuy et ay c ua Dirac, hay
kha nang ` kham ˆ ph ´ a thuyet tng oi ai cng ˆ cua ˆ
Einstein, l a m ot th s an ph am ph u sinh ra do vi ec to ti en
´ ´ ˜ ˘ ˆ
chung ` ta ´ phˆ ai lan tranh nh ng ´ con ho rang kiem. Mot
ieu gı o sau xa hn nhieu, bı an hn nhieu, ang dien
ra....
´ ´ ˆ ´ `
“Khi ˆ ch ung ta ´ quan ˆ sat trat t hp lyˆ va ve ep hien
nhi ˆ en´ cua ´ the gii vat chat, ˆ c th ´ e hi` en qua ˆ khoa ´ hoc
vat ˆ ly, chung ta th ay m ot th e gi i tr an ng ap
c ac d au
´ ˆ ˆ ` ´ ´ ˜ ˆ
hieu
cua trı thong ` minh. ´ Mot ng ´ iˆ co tın ng ng nh´ an
ra rang ieu nay phan anh trı tue cua Ðang Tao H oa”
(Commonweal).
ˆ ` ´
Sir John Eccles ket luan rang dung thuyet tien hoa
`
´ ˆ ˜
` `
ma giai thıch s hien hu cua con ngi thı “that bai
ˆ ˆ ´
ve mot phng dien quan trong nhat. Thuyet tien hoa
ˆ
´ ˆ ˜
` ´
khong the giai thıch s hien hu cua moi ngi chung
` ˜ ` ˆ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
ta la nhng con ngi oc ao, co y thc ve chınh
` ` ´ ˆ
ˆ ˜
mınh”. Cang hoc nhieu ve cach hoat ong cua bo nao
` ´ ˆ
´ ` ` `
va trı tue cua chung ta, thı cang de thay tai sao hang
ˆ ` ˆ ˆ ˜ ´ ´ ´
trieu ngi ket luan rang s hien hu co y thc cua

` ` ´ ´ ˆ ´
con ngi la bang chng co mot Ðang Tao Hoa quan
ˆ ´
tam en chung ta.
´ ˜
Trong chng sau, chung ta se thay tai sao nhieu
` ˆ ´ ˜ ˆ ˜ `
ngi thuoc moi tang lp trong xa hoi a thay rang li
ˆ ´ ` ˘ ´ ˆ ` ´
ket luan hp ly nay at nen mong cho viec tım c cac
`
´
´ ´ ˆ

li giai ap thoa ang cho cac cau hoi thiet yeu nh: Tai
´ ˆ ˜ ` ´ ˜ ˆ
sao chung ta hien hu, va chung ta se i ve au?
˘
CH NG NA M
ˆ ` ´ ˆ ` ´
Cong trınh sang tao—Do
au ma co?
˜ ˆ ´ ´ ˆ ´
NH a e cap en trong cac chng trc ay, cac
´ ´ ˆ ˘
kham pha hien ai ve mat khoa hoc cung cap ay day
´ ´ ˆ ` ˜ ` ˆ ´
bang chng ang tin cay la vu tru va s song tren trai

´ ˆ ´ ` ˜ ˆ
at, ca hai eu co mot s bat au. Cai gı a gay ra s bat

au ay?
ˆ ´ ˜ ´ ˆ ´
Sau khi nghien cu nhng bang chng hien co, nhieu
` ˜ ˆ `
´ ˆ ´
ngi a i en ket luan la phai co mot Ðang Tao Hoa.
` ˆ ´ ´ ˆ ´ ` ˆ
Du vay, ho tranh ne viec gan cho Ðang Tao Hoa nay mot
´ ´ ´ ˆ ´
ca tınh. S ngan ngai noi en mot Ðang Tao Hoa nh the

´ ´ ˆ
ˆ `
phan anh thai o cua mot so nha khoa hoc.

˜ ´
Chang han, Albert Einstein tin tng vu tru co khi

` ˆ
´ ´ ´ ` ˜
au va ong to y muon “biet Ðc Chua Tri a tao dng
´ ` ˆ ´ ˆ
the gii nh the nao”. Tuy the, Einstein khong thu nhan
` ˆ ` ˆ ´ ´ ` ´ ´ ˘ ˆ ´
la ong tin vao mot Ðc Chua Tri co trı nang; ong noi en
ˆ
´ ˆ ´ ` ˆ ´ ´ ˘ ´
mot “cam giac ve ton giao ma khong can giao ly hoac y
ˆ ˆ ´ ´ ` ´ ˜ ´ ´ ` `
niem ve mot Ðc Chua Tri co nhng c tınh va hınh
` ` ´ ˜
hai giong nh con ngi” khi quan sat vu tru. Tng t
ˆ ` ´
ˆ
nh vay, nha hoa hoc oat giai Nobel, ong Kenichi ˆ Fukui,
`
´ ˜ ˜ ´
bay to niem tin ni kien truc vı ai trong vu tru. Ong noi
` ´ ˜ ´
rang “s ket cau tinh vi va kien truc vı ai co the dien ta

˜ ` ˆ ˆ ´ ´ `
bang nhng li nh ‘Ðang Vo Bien’ hay ‘Ðc Chua Tri’ ”.
ˆ ` ´
Nhng ong lai goi s ket cau va kien truc
´ ` ˆ ´ ˘ `
ˆ ˆ
o la mot net “ac thu cua thien nhien”.
´
ˆ ´
Ban co biet s tin tng ni mot tac lc
ˆ ´
ˆ
vo tri nh the rat giong vi t tng ton
´ ˆ ˆ `
giao Ðong Phng khong? Nhieu ngi
ˆ ˆ ˆ
Ðong Phng´ tin rang thien nhien t
ˆ ` ´
` ˆ ´
nhien ma co. Y tng nay tham chı c

˜ `
dien ta trong ch viet tng hınh cua

ˆ ˆ
Trung Hoa tng trng cho thien nhien,
´ ˜ `
`
co nghıa en la “t tr thanh” hay “t
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
74 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
˜
´ ˆ ´
ˆ
hu”. Einstein tin rang cam giac ve ton giao cua ong khi
´ ˜ ˜ ˆ ´ ˆ
quan sat vu tru c dien at ro trong Phat Giao. Phat
´ ˆ ´ ´ ` ˆ
Thıch Ca cho rang viec Ðang Tao Hoa co can d vao viec
˜ ` ` ` ˆ ˆ
tao
dng vu tru va loai ngi hay khong khong quan
ˆ ˜ ˆ
trong. Tng t nh vay, Than Ðao cung khong giai

´ ˆ ˆ ` ` ´ ` ˜ `
thıch thien nhien lam sao ma co va nhng ngi theo
´ `
`
Than Ðao tin rang cac than la vong linh cua ngi chet
´
` ˆ
ˆ ˆ
co the tr thanh mot phan cua thien nhien.
´ ´ ´ ` ˜ ˆ ´
Ðieu ang chu y la loi suy nghı nh the khong xa vi
ˆ ` ` `
quan iem pho thong vao thi Hy Lap xa xa. Ngi ta
´ ˜
noi rang triet gia Epicurus (341-270 TCN) cung tin rang
´ ´ `

ˆ ˆ
`
‘cac thanˆ qua xa vi e anh hng en cong viec cua loai
` ˜ ` ` ˆ

ngi’. Ong cung cho rang con ngi la mot san pham cua
ˆ ˆ ´ ˜ ´ ` ´ ` ˆ
thien nhien, co le qua qua trınh t phat sinh va qua luat
`
ˆ ´ ˆ ˜ ´
ao thai t nhien. Ban co the nghiem thay nhng y tng

` ˜ ` ´ ´ ` ´
nay cung tng t nh ngay nay ch chang co gı mi la.
` ` ´ ` ´ ` ´
Cung thi vi ngi theo phai Epicurean la triet phai

ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ ` ´ ´
Khac Ky Hy Lap, mot phai coi thien nhien la Ðc Chua
`
` ` ` ˘
Tri. Ho a ra gia thuyet la khi ngi ta chet thı nang
ˆ ` ´ ˆ ` ˘
lng vo tri t ho i ra tai nhap vao nang lng trong
ˆ ` ´ ´ `

khong gian bao la tao thanh Ðc Chua Tri. Ho cam thay
´ ´ ´ ˆ ˆ ˆ ` ´
hp tac vi cac luat thien nhien la li nhat. Ban co nghe
` ` ˜ ´ ˆ ˆ
ngay nay ngi ta cung noi nh vay khong?
ˆ ˆ ´ ´ ` ´ ´ ˘
Tranh luan
ve mot
Ð c Chua Tri co trı nang
` ´ ˆ ˆ ´ ˜ ˆ `
Du sao chung ta khong nen loai ngay cac d kien t Hy

´

˜
Lap co xa nh l ich s quai la. Trong boi canh cua nhng

ˆ ´
s tin tng nh the, mot thay giao noi tieng trong the

´ ˜ ` ` ˆ ˜ `
ky th nhat a trınh bay mot trong nhng bai dien
´ ´ ˜

thuyet co y nghıa nhat trong l ich s. Lu-ca, thay thuoc
˜ `
˜ ` ´ ` ´
cung la s gia a ghi lai bai dien thuyet o va chung ta
´ ` ´ ˆ ´ ´
co the tım thay trong sach Cong-vu cac S-o, chng
` ` ´ ´ ´ ´
17. Bai dien thuyet nay co the giup chung ta xac inh
´ `
´
quan iem ve Ðang Tao Hoa va xem v i the cua chung
ˆ ` ´ ˆ ` ´
au ma co? 75
´ ` `
ta oi vi Ðang nay la
` ˆ `
gı. Tuy nhien, lam the
` ` ˆ ` ˘
nao ma mot bai dien van
´ ´ ˆ ˘
noi cach ay 1.900 nam

lai anh hng en nhieu
` `
ng i ng ay nay ang
` ˆ ` ´
thanh that tım kiem y
˜
`
nghıa cua i song?
ˆ ´
Phao-lo, thay giao noi
´ `
tieng o c mi en
ˆ `
phi en t oa t oi cao
ˆ ˆ ˆ
A-th en. T ai ay ong

ˆ ´ ´
phai oi dien vi phai
` ´
Epicurean va triet phai

`
Kh ac Ky Hy L ap la
˜ ` ˆ
nhng ngi khong tin
` ˆ ´ ´ `
vao mot Ðc Chua Tri
´ ´ ˘ `
co trı nang. Trong li m

ˆ ´ ˆ
` ˆ
au, Phao-lo nhac ti viec
Nhieu ngi Ðong Phng tin rang ˆ ˆ ´ ` `
ˆ ˆ ˆ ` ´ ong thay mot c ai b an th
thien nhien t nhien ma co ´ ` ´ ˆ
co ghi “Th Chua Khong
´ ´ ´ ` ˆ
Biet” (Hy Lap, A·gno1stoi The·oi1). Ðieu ang chu y la mot
` ` ˜ ` ˆ
vai ngi nghı rang nha sinh vat hoc Thomas H. Huxley
˜ ´
` ˆ ˘ `
(1825-1895) ˆ a am chı ieu nay khi ong at ra t “bat kha

´ ` `
˜ `
tri”. Ong Huxley ap dung li nay e chı nhng ngi chu

` ˆ ˆ
trng con ngi “khong biet hay khong the biet c
ˆ ˆ ´ ´ ` `
nguyen nhan toi thng (Ðc Chua Tri) va thc chat cua

ˆ ´
ˆ ˆ
moi vat”. Nhng co phai that s “khong the biet c”
´ ` ˆ ˆ
Ðang Tao Hoa nh nhieu ngi quan niem khong?
` ˆ ` ´ ´ ` ˆ ´ `
Thanh that ma noi, o la mot s ap dung sai li cua

ˆ ` ˆ ˆ ´ `
Phao-lo va khong hieu iem Phao-lo muon noi. Thay vı
´ ´ ´ ` ˆ ˆ

noi Ðc Chua Tri khong the hieu c, Phao-lo chı gian
´ ˜ ` ` ˆ ˆ `
d i noi nhng ngi thanh A-then khong biet Ngai. Phao-
ˆ ˆ ´ ´
lo khong co trong tay nhieu bang chng khoa hoc ve s
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
76 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
ˆ ´ ˆ ` ´ ` ˘
Phao-lo, ng tren oi nay, noi bai dien van g i
` cho
` ˜ ´ ´ ` ´
ng i ta suy nghı ve Ðc Chua Tr i, phıa sau la Acropolis
ˆ ˜ ´ ´ ` ´ ´ `
hien hu cua Ðc Chua Tr
i nh chung ta co ngay nay.
ˆ ˆ ˆ ` ˆ ´ ˆ
Tuy vay, ong khong he nghi ng
ve viec co mot Ðang
´ ´ ˘ ˆ ` ´ ˜ ´ ´
Thiet Ke co trı nang, thong minh va co nhng c tınh
´ ` ˜ ´ ´ ˆ
hap dan chung ta en gan Ngai. Hay chu y ieu Phao-lo
´
noi tiep:
´ ` ` ˆ ´ `
“Ðang cac ng
i th
ma khong biet o, la Ðang ta
´ ´ ` ˜ ˆ

ng rao-truyen cho. Ðc Chua Tr
i a dng nen the-
´ ` ˆ ´ ` ´ `
gi
i va moi vat trong o, la Chua cua tr
i at, chang ng
` ` ˆ ˆ ` ˜
tai
en-th
b
i tay ng
i ta dng nen au. Ngai cung
` ` ˆ ` ` ´
chang dung tay ng
i ta hau viec Ngai d
ng nh co can
` ` ` ` ˆ
en s gı, vı Ngai la Ðang ban s song, h
i song, muon
ˆ ` ` ˜ ` ˆ ˆ
vat
cho moi loai. Ngai a lam cho muon dan sanh ra b
i
ˆ ` ` ˆ ˘ ˆ
chı mot ng
i, va khien
khap tren mat at” (Cong-vu
ˆ ` ´ ˆ ` ´
au ma co? 77
´ ´
` ˆ ˆ ˆ ´ ´ ´
cac S-o 17:23-26). Qua la mot lap luan chı ly, ban co
´ ˆ
ong y khong?
ˆ ` ´ ´ ` ` ˆ
Vang, thay vı cho rang Ðc Chua Tri la Ðang khong
ˆ ` ˜ ` ˆ
the biet c, Phao-lo nhan manh la nhng ngi lap
` `
ˆ ˜ ` ˆ
ban th A-then cung nh nhieu ngi ang nghe ong

` ˆ ˆ ˜
giang cha biet Ngai. Roi Phao-lo keu goi ho—c ung nh

˜ ` ` ´ ` ˘ ` ˆ
tat ca nhng ngi ke t o oc bai dien van nay—nen
` ´ ` `
ˆ
tım hieu ve Ðang Tao Hoa, vı “Ngai chang xa moi mot
` ´ ˆ ´ ´ ´
ngi trong chung ta” (Cong-vu cac S-o 17:27). Ban co
ˆ ´ ´ ´ ˆ ˆ ` ´ ´
the thay Phao-lo kheo leo gii thieu s kien la chung ta co
˜ ´ ˆ ´ ˆ
the thay nhng bang chng ve mot Ðang Tao Hoa muon
ˆ ´ ˆ ` ´
` `
vat khi quan sat cong trınh sang tao cua Ngai. Lam nh
ˆ ´ ´ ˆ ˆ ´ ´
`
vay, chung ta co the nhan ra mot so c tınh cua Ngai.
´ ˜
´ ˆ ´ ´
Chung ta a khao sat mot so bang chng khac nhau
´ ´ ˆ ´ ´ ´
minh chng co mot Ðang Tao Hoa. Bang chng trc
` ˜ ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ ´ ˆ
nhat la vu tru menh mong, c to chc mot cach thong
˜ ´ ˆ ´
minh, cho thay ro co mot s bat au. Bang chng ke tiep
` ˆ ´ ´
la s song tren trai at gom s thiet ke nam trong cac te
`
´ ´ ˜ ` ˆ ´
bao trong c the cua chung ta. Bang chng na la bo oc

´ ´
˘ ˆ ´ ´ ` `
cua chung ta vi kha nang nhan thc ve chınh mınh va
´ ´ ´ ˜
thıch biet ve tng lai. Nhng trc het, chung ta hay
´ ´ ˆ ` ´

xem hai vı du khac ve cong trınh sang tao cua Ðang Tao
´

´ ` ` `
Hoa anh hng en chung ta hang ngay. Trong khi lam
ˆ ´
` ˆ ` ´
nh vay, chung ta t hoi: ‘Ðieu nay cho toi thay gı ve ca
´
` ˆ `
tınh cua Ðang thiet ke va tao ra cong trınh ay?’
` ˆ ` ´
Hoc
t cong trınh sang tao

ˆ ˆ ´ ´ ˆ ` ´ ˜
Chı noi viec quan sat cac cong trınh sang tao cung cho
´ ´ ` ˆ ´
chung ta biet nhieu ve Ðang Tao Hoa. Vao mot d ip khac,
ˆ ˆ ˆ ´ ` ˆ ´
Phao-lo e cap en mot vı d´ u ve ieu nay nhan khi noi
´ ˆ ´ ˆ
´ ` ´ ˆ
vi mot am ong Tieu A: “Trong cac i trc ay,
´ ˆ ` ˆ `
[Ðang Tao Hoa] e cho moi dan theo ng rieng mınh,
ˆ ` ´ ` ´ ˆ ` ´ ` ´
dau vay, Ngai c lam chng luon ve mınh, tc la giang
´ ` ` ` ´
phc cho, lam ma t tri xuong, ban cho cac ngi
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
78 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
` ` ˘ ˆ ` `
mua-mang nhieu hoa-qua, o-an d-dat, va long ay vui-
` ˆ ´ ´ ˜ ´ ´ ´
mng” (Cong-vu cac S-o 14:16, 17). Hay chu y vı du
ˆ ˆ ´
Phao-lo a ra ve viec Ðang Tao Hoa, trong khi cung cap
` ` ˜ ˆ ´ ´ `
thc pham cho loai ng
i, a tiet lo ca tınh cua Ngai nh
`
the nao.
ˆ ` ` `
Tai mot so n
i ngay nay, ng
i ta coi th
ng thc
˜ ´ `
pham. Tai nhng n
i khac, nhieu ng
i phai vat va lam
´ ˘ ` ` ` ˆ ´ ˆ ´
m
i u an. Du trong tr
ng h
p nao, tham chı viec co
´ ´ ˜ ` ˜ `

c bat c th thc pham bo d
ng nao cung eu nh
` ˆ ` ` ´
vao s khon ngoan va long tot cua Ðang Tao Hoa.
` ˆ ` `
Thc pham cho ca ng
i lan vat eu nh
vao nhieu chu
` ´ ´ ´ ` ´ `
trınh phc tap—trong o co chu trınh n
c, chu trınh
` ` `
cacbon, chu trınh photpho va chu trınh nit
. Theo s
ˆ ` `
hieu biet pho thong thı trong tien trınh quang h
p thiet
ˆ ` ` ´ `
yeu cho s song, cay coi dung cacbon ioxyt va n
c lam
ˆ ˆ ` ` ´ ´ ˘
nguyen lieu e san xuat ra
ng, dung anh sang mat
` ` ˘ ` `
tr
i lam nguon nang l
ng. Ngoai ra, trong tien trınh
ˆ ´ ` ˆ `
quang h
p, cay nha ra oxy. Co the nao goi hien t
ng nay
ˆ `
BAN
ÐI ÐEN KET LUAN
NAO?
˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙
˜ ´
Vu tru cua chung ta
ˆ ´
´ Khong C
o
co khi au khi au
ˆ
T nhi
´ en Ðc
ˆ
co dng
nen
´ ` ´ `
Bi CÂI Gˆ I ÐO Bi Ð´ ANG
ˆ ˆNAO
vo tan
ÐO vo tan

ˆ ` ´ ˆ ` ´
au ma co? 79
ˆ

ˆ ´ ´
nh mot “san pham phu phe thai” khong? Ðoi vi chung

` ˆ
`
ta, san pham phu nay chac chan khong phai la phe pham.
´ ˆ ´ ` ` ` ´
Chung ta tuyet oi can hıt oxy vao va dung no e chuyen
´ ` ˆ ´ ´ ˘
´
hoa, hay la tieu hoa thc an trong c the cua chung ta.
´
ˆ ´ `
Chung ta th ra cacbon ioxyt; cay bien hoa chat nay
` ˆ ˆ ` ´
thanh nguyen lieu cho tien trınh quang hp. Chung ta
` ` ´

hoc tien trınh nay trong lp c ban ve khoa hoc, nhng
ˆ
` ` ` ´ ´
khong phai vı the ma tien trınh o kem quan trong hay
´ ` ` ˆ ` ´
` ˆ
kem phi thng. Va hien tng nay mi chı la mot bang
´ ˆ ` `
´
chng ve s khon ngoan va tot lanh cua Ðang Tao Hoa.
´ `
´ ˜
Trong cac te bao trong c the cua chung ta cung nh

` ˆ ˆ
cua loai vat, chat photpho rat can thiet cho viec chuyen

˘ ´ ˆ
tai nang lng. Chung ta nhan c chat photpho
` ˆ ˆ ˜ ` ˆ ˆ ´
t au? Mot l an n a t th c v at.
Th c vat hut chat
ˆ ` ` ´ ´ `
photphat vo c t at va chuyen hoa chung thanh
˜ ´ ˘ ˜ ˆ ´
photphat hu c. Chung ta an nhng loai thc vat cha
˜
chat photphat hu c can thiet cho s song. Roi chat

´ ` ´ ˜
`
photphat lai tr ve at di hınh thc “ba thai” va lai
ˆ
c cay coi hap thu.
ˆ ˆ ´
Mot
ket luan
hp
ly
´ ´ ´ ˆ ˜ ` ˜
Trong ´ gi ˆ i khoa hoc gia, c o s´ ong y´ rong
rai ´ la vu
tru co mot s khi au. Phan ln ong y rang trc s
´ ´ ˆ ´ ` ´ ˆ ˜ ˆ
khi au o, ph´ ai co ˘ mot cai gı ´ o hi ` en ˜ hu. M ˆ ot ˜ so
khoa ˆ h oc gia ´ noi ve nangˆ lng luc ˆ nao cung hien hu. ˆ
Mot so ˆ khacˆ gia inh m ot
h on on kh i th uy nh m˜ ot
` ` ˜ ` ` ˘
ieu kien ´ tien quy et. D u d ung nh ng t n ao ch ang na,
ˆ ˜ ˆ ´ ` ´
phanˆ ln
´ ` eu gi ˆ a inh ´ s hien hu` cua mot ´ caiˆ gˆ ı o
—mot cai gı khong co s bat au—va lui lai ti vo tan.
` ´ ˆ
B ˆ i th e
´ ` ´ ˆ ˆ th c
ch at c ua v anˆ e l
a ch ungˆ ˆ ta n en gi a inh
m´ ot cai˜ gı o` vo tan hay m˜ ot ang vo tan. Sau khi xem`
xet nhng
g ı khoa ˜ hoc ` a biet c ˆ ve´ ngu on goc v` a
ban chat cua´ vu tru va ´ s song tren o, gia inh nao
xem ra hp ly hn oi vi ban?
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
80 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
´ ˆ ˆ `
“Bat c mot` nguyen to nao can thi et cho` s ˆ song—
cacbon, ´ ˆ
nit, lu` huynh—
ˆ eu c
` vi khu an
ˆ ` ˆ oi t m otˆ ´ h p
h on ` khı vo
c thanh mot dang
ma thc vat
va ong vat co the dung”
(The New Encyclopædia Britannica).
´ ˜ ` ˆ `
Chung ta cung can chat nit la mot thanh phan trong
ˆ
`
´
moi phan t protein va DNA trong c the cua chung ta.
´ ´ ˆ `
Chung ta co c nguyen to can thiet cho s song nay
` ˘ `
˘ ˆ ´
nh the nao? Mac du khoang 78 phan tram khong khı
´ `
ˆ ˆ ˆ
quanh chung ta la nit, nhng ca thc vat lan ong vat
ˆ ` ˆ
khong the hap thu trc tiep c. Vı vay chat nit trong
ˆ ´
` ˜ ` ´
khong khı phai c chuyen oi thanh nhng hınh thc
´ ´ ˆ ´ ` ´ `
khac trc khi thc vat co the tiep thu va sau o ngi
ˆ ˆ ´ ´ ` ´
lan ong vat khac co the dung c. S chuyen oi o
ˆ ` ´
hay s co inh nit xuat hien nh the nao? Di nhieu
´ ´ ˆ ´ ` ´ ˆ
´
cach khac nhau. Mot cach la do tac ong cua tia chp.1
´ ´ ` ` ´
ˆ
Cach khac la nh vi khuan song trong cac mau nho tren
ˆ ˆ ˆ ` ˆ ` ` ˆ
re cay rau nh cay au Ha Lan, au nanh, va cay linh
˘ ˜ ` ´
lang. Nhng vi khuan nay chuyen hoa chat nit trong
´ ` ` ˆ ´
khı quyen thanh chat ma cay coi co the hap thu. Bang
´ ` ˘ ´ `
cach nay, khi an rau, ban co chat nit ma c the cua

` ˆ ` `
ban can e san xuat ra chat protein, va that la la lung,
´ ˆ
` ˆ ´
chung ta thay nhieu loai rau au rng ma nhiet i,
`

` ` ˆ ` ˆ `
sa mac, va ngay ca vung ai nguyen. Va neu mot vung
´ ` ` ˆ ˆ `
b i chay thı thng loai thc vat au tien chiem at va
ˆ ` ˆ
moc len la rau au.
˜ ˆ ´ ` ˆ `
Nhng he thong tai che bien nay that la lung biet bao!
ˆ ` ` ` ˆ
He thong nay dung lai chat ma he thong kia thai ra.
˘ ´ ` ˘ ` ˆ
Nang lng chınh en t mat tri—mot nguon cung cap
´ ˆ ´ ` ˆ ´
1 Tia chp bien mot so khı nit thanh mot ˆ dang
` co the hap thu
` ` ´ `
c ˆ va´ ri xuong at nh nc ma. Thc vat
dung chat nay nh
ˆ ´ ˆ ` `
phan bon c cung cap mot cach t nhien. Sau khi con ngi va
ˆ ˆ ˘ ˆ ` ` ` ` ´

ong
´ vat an thc vat
va dung ch at nit nay thı no lai tr ve at
` ` ˆ
di dang hp chat amoni va cuoi cung mot phan c bien oi lai
` ´
thanh khı nit.
ˆ ` ´ ˆ ` ´
au ma co? 81
ˆ ˆ ` ´ ´
bat bien vo tan va tinh sach. So vi co gang tai che bien
` ˆ
` ˆ ` ´ ˆ
tai nguyen cua con ngi that la khac biet biet bao! Ngay

˜
` ` ` ˆ
ca nhng san pham do con ngi lam ra goi la vo hai cho
ˆ ` ˜ ˆ ´ ` ˆ `
moi trng cung khong the gop phan lam cho mot hanh
` ´
˜ ˆ ´
tinh sach hn, vı s phc tap cua nhng he thong tai che

` ´ ` ´
bien cua con ngi. Ve khıa canh nay, tap chı U.S.News
´ ˜

& World Report lu y nhng san pham can c che nh
` ´ ˆ ´ ´ ´
the nao e cac c phan gia tr i co the c tai dung de
` ˆ ´ ´
`
dang qua he thong tai che bien. Ðo chang phai la ieu
´ ´ ` ˆ ˆ `
chung ta thay trong cac chu trınh thien nhien nay sao?
´ ` ˆ ` ˆ ` ˆ ˆ
Do o, ieu nay tiet lo gı ve s khon ngoan va s tien lieu

´
cua Ðang Tao Hoa?
ˆ ` ˆ
Vo t va cong bang
´ ´ ˆ ˆ ´ ´
Ðe giup chung ta thay them ve mot so c tınh cua

´ ´ ˜ ´ ˆ ˆ ˜
Ðang Tao Hoa, chung ta hay xem xet mot he thong na
ˆ
´ ˆ
—he thong mien d ich trong c the cua chung ta. He
` ˜ ˆ ˆ
thong nay cung lien he en vi khuan.
ˆ ´
Cuon The New Encyclopædia Britannica nhan xet:
˘ ` ´ ´ ` `
“Mac du khi chu y en vi khuan, con ngi thng

` ´
´ ´ ´
chı nham vao s tac hai cua no, nhng phan ln cac vi
` ˆ ` ` ˆ `
khuan la vo hai cho con ngi va nhieu loai that ra con
´ ˜ ˆ ˆ ` ˆ ˆ
co li na”. That vay, vi khuan quan trong vı lien he en
´ `
van e song chet. Vi khuan ong vai tro quan trong trong
` ´ ˆ ˜ ` ˆ
chu trınh nit nh noi tren, cung nh trong chu trınh lien
ˆ ` ˆ ˆ ´ ˜
he en cacbon ioxyt va mot so nguyen to. Chung ta cung
ˆ ˆ ´
´ ˜
can vi khuan cho he thong tieu hoa cua chung ta na. Chı
ˆ ` ˆ ` ´ ´ ´ ´
rieng trong ng ruot gia co ti 400 loai. Chung giup
` ´ ` `
tong hp sinh to K va gop phan trong tien trınh ao thai.
ˆ ´ ´ ˜ ` ´ `
`
Mot li ıch khac na la vi khuan giup con bo bien co thanh
˜ ˜ ´ ˆ
sa. Nhng vi khuan khac can thiet cho s len men—nh
´ ` ´ ˜
khi chung ta lam pho mat, sa chua, da chua, da bap

` ´ ` ˆ `
´ ˘
cai va da mon. Du vay, ieu gı xay ra neu vi khuan co mat
ˆ ´
´
khong ung cho trong c the cua chung ta?
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
82 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
ˆ ´ ´ ´
`
ˆ
Lap tc co ti ca hai ngan ty bach huyet cau trong than

´ ´ ˆ ´
th
ˆ e cua chung ta chong lai vi khuan co the gay hai o.

´ ´
Ong Daniel E. Koshland, Jr., chu but tap chı Science giai
´ ˆ ˆ
thıch: “He thong mien d ich c thiet ke e nhan ra
˜ ˆ ˆ ` ´
nhng chat ngoai lai xam nhap. Ðe lam the, no phai huy

ˆ

´
ong en khoang 100 ty [100.000.000.000] cac loai thu
´ ´ ˆ
the mien d ich khac nhau e roi bat c chat ngoai lai xam
ˆ ` ` ` ` ´ ˜
nhap hınh nao, dang nao thı eu co nhng thu the tng
ˆ ˆ `
´
ng e nhan dien va loai bo no ra”.
ˆ ` `
´ ` ´
Mot loai te bao ma c the cua chung ta dung e anh
ˆ ˆ ` ` ˆ
´
lai
chat ngoai lai xam nhap la ai thc bao. Ten cua no
´ ˜ ` ˘ ˆ ` ` ´
`
co nghıa la “an nh ho”. Ten nay la thıch hp bi vı
´
´
no nuot het tat ca chat ngoai lai trong trong mau cua
´ ˘ ˆ
chung ta. Chang han, sau khi an mot vi khuan ngoai
` `
lai, ai thc bao lam cho con vi khuan be ra nhieu manh

´ `
´
nho roi no phi bay chat protein cua con vi khuan o ra.
´ ´ ` ` ´
Chut xıu protein nay c dung nh cn bao nguy cho
ˆ
´ ´ ˆ ˆ
he thong mien d ich cua chung ta, giong len tieng chuong
` ´ ´ ˆ ˆ
la co cac chat ngoai lai ang xam nhap c the. Neu
ˆ ` ´ ˆ `
mot te bao khac trong he thong mien d ich, te bao T ho
ˆ ˆ
´
tr, nhan dien c chat protein cua con vi khuan, no
´ ˆ ´ ´ `
lien trao oi cac dau hieu hoa hoc vi ai thc bao.
´ ˆ ´ ` ´ ˜ ` ´
Cac dau hieu hoa hoc nay t chung cung la cac protein
˘ ˆ ´ ` ˆ ` `
ac biet co hang loat phan s rat phi thng: ieu hoa
`
ˆ
´
va cung co he thong mien d ich cua chung ta chong lai
ˆ ˆ

` ` `
s xam nhap. Ket qua cua tien trınh nay la s tranh
˜ ˆ ˘ ˆ ` ´
chien manh liet chong lai loai vi khuan ac biet nao o.
` ˆ ´ ` ´ ˆ
Nh vay, chung ta thng thang c cac benh truyen

nhiem.
` ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ
Thc ra, con rat nhieu ieu lien he khac, nhng s mo

` ˜
´ ´
ta van tat nay cung u cho chung ta thay s phc tap cua

ˆ
´ ´
he thong mien d ich trong c the cua chung ta. Chung
˜ ˆ ˆ ´ ´ ` `
ta a nhan c bo may phc tap nay nh the nao?
` ` ´ ˜ ˆ `
Hoan toan mien phı, bat chap giai cap xa hoi hay tınh
ˆ ` ´ ˆ ` ´
au ma co? 83
` ´
trang tai chanh cua gia

`
´ ˜
ınh cua chung ta. Hay
´ ` ´
so sanh ieu nay vi s
ˆ ˆ
bat cong trong viec ieu
´
´
tr i sc khoe cho phan ln
` ´
ngi ta. Tong giam oc
´
c quan WHO (To Chc
´ ´ ˜
Y Te The Gii), bac sı

Hiroshi Nakajima viet:

“Theo quan iem cua To
´ ´
Chc Y Te The Gii, s
ˆ ` ` `
bat cong cang ngay cang
˘ ` ˆ `
gia tang nay that ra la
ˆ
`
mot van e sinh t, vı
` ` ˜

ngi ngheo a phai tra

ˆ ˜ ˆ
cho s bat cong xa hoi
´

bang sc khoe cua ho”. ´ ´ ` `

´ ˆ
Ðc´ Chua Tri ˆ ban ˆ cho moi ngi
Ban co th e th ong cam chung ta mot
`
`
ˆ he´ thong mi
` en ` dich
li than th nay cua mot vt xa bat ˆ c ieu ´ gı ma y hoc
˜ ´ hien ai co the cung cap
ph u n s o ng t ai x om
`
˜ ´ ´ ˆ ˆ ˘
ngheo Sao Paulo: “Ðoi vi chung toi, phng tien cham
´ ´
ˆ ´ ` `
soc sc khoe giong nh mot mon hang chng bay trong

ˆ ˜ ´ ˆ ´
ca so cua mot khu thng mai sang trong. Chung toi co
` ´ ´
`
´ ˆ
the nhın no nhng no ngoai tam tay cua chung toi”.
` ˆ ` ˆ ´
ˆ
Hang trieu ngi tren trai at eu cam thay nh vay.
ˆ ˜ ˆ
S bat cong nh the a khien ong Albert Schweitzer
ˆ ´ ˜ ˜ `
i en Phi Chau e giup ve y te cho nhng ngi thieu
` ´ ´ ˆ ˜

may man; nh cac co gang o, ong a c giai thng

˜ ` ` ˆ ` ` `
Nobel. Ban gan cho nhng ngi an ong va ngi an
` ´ ˜
` ˜ ´ ´ ` ´ ˜ ˜
ba co nghıa c nay nhng c tınh nao? Co le ban nghı
` ´ ` ˆ ˆ ` ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
la ho co tınh yeu thng nhan loai va mot y niem cong
` ` ˜ ´ ´
bang vı tin rang ngi ta trong nhng nc ang phat
˜ ´
˘ ´
trien cung co quyen c hng s cham soc ve y te. The
` ˜ ˜ ´ ˆ
thı ban nghı sao ve Ðang a ban cho chung ta he thong
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
84 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
ˆ ˆ ` ˆ ˆ ˆ ˜
mien d ich tuyet dieu ma khong he phan biet giai cap xa
ˆ ` ` ´
` ˆ ´
hoi hay tınh trang tai chanh cua ngi nhan? Ðieu o lai

ˆ ´
ˆ ´ ` ` ˆ
khong chng to mot cach hung hon ve tınh yeu thng,
ˆ ` ˆ
´
s vo t va s cong bang cua Ðang Tao Hoa hay sao?
` ´
Tım hieu ve Ðang Tao
Hoa
˜ ˆ ´ ˆ
` ˜ ´
Nhng he thong noi tren chı la nhng vı du c ban

ˆ ` ´
´
ve cong trınh sang tao cua Ðang Tao Hoa, nhng phai

˘ ´ ` ` ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
chang chung cho thay Ngai la mot Ðang co that, mot
ˆ ` ´ ´ ´ ` `
Ðang thong minh, va cac c tınh cung ng loi cua

` ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
Ngai thu hut chung ta? Chung ta co the xem xet nhieu
´ ´ ˜ ˆ ´ ˜ ´ ˜ ˆ
vı du khac na. Tuy nhien, co le chung ta cung nghiem
` ` ` `
´ ˆ
thay trong i song hang ngay la neu chı quan sat cong
ˆ
ˆ ` ˆ ˆ `

viec cua mot ngi khong thoi thı thc s cha u e biet
˜ ` ´ ˆ ´ ´ ˆ ´
ro ngi o. Tham chı co the hieu lam ho neu khong co

`
` ` ´ ˆ
ay u hınh anh ve ho! Va neu ngi o b i xuyen tac hay
` ˆ ˘ ` ˆ
b i phao vu thı viec gap ho va nghe ho benh vc chang

` ´ ´ ´ ˆ ´
phai la tot hay sao? Chung ta co the noi chuyen vi ho e

´ ` ˜ `
xem ho phan ng nh the nao trong nhng hoan canh

´ ` ´ ´ ´ ` `
khac nhau va cac c tınh ma ho bay to.

˜ ˆ ´ ˆ ˘ ´ ˘
Dı nhien chung ta khong the oi thoai mat giap mat
´ ´
˜ ` ˜
vi Ðang Tao Hoa quyen uy cua vu tru. Tuy the, Ngai a
ˆ ` ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
tiet lo nhieu ve Ngai nh mot Ðang co that trong mot
´ ` ˆ `
cuon sach c lu hanh, tron bo hay tng phan, trong
ˆ ˜ ´ ´ ˆ ˜
hn 2.000 ngon ng, trong o co ngon ng cua ban.

´ ´ ´ ` `
Quyen sach o—quyen Kinh-thanh—mi ban tım hieu
` ˆ ˆ ´ ´
va vun trong mot moi lien lac vi Ðang Tao Hoa. Kinh-
´ ´ ˜ ´ ´ ` ` ` ˜
thanh noi: “Hay en gan Ðc Chua Tri, thı Ngai se en
´ ˜ ` ´
gan anh em”. Kinh-thanh cung cho thay lam sao chung
´
`
`
ta co the tr thanh ban cua Ngai (Gia-c 2:23; 4:8). Ban
´ ´ ˆ ˆ
co thıch c vay khong?
´ ` ´ ˆ ` ´
Nham muc ıch nay, chung toi mi ban xem xet s
` ˆ ´ ˆ ` ´ ´ ˆ ´
tng thuat co that va thu v i ve cac hoat ong sang tao

`
cua Ngai.
´
C H NG S AU
ˆ ´
Mot
lich
s xa x a ve s sang tao

´ ˆ ˆ
—Ban
co the tin cay khong?

ˆ ˆ ` ´
“AI BIET c nguon goc cua muon vat, va s sang tao
˜
` ˆ
` `
a xay ra nh the nao?” Cau hoi nay c tım thay trong
´ ` ´
ang th “Bai ca ve s sang tao” viet bang tieng Phan
´ ˆ ˘ ` ` ˆ
cach ay hn 3.000 n am, va la mot phan cua Rig-Veda,

ˆ ´
ˆ ´ ` ` `
mot thanh th cua An Ðo Giao. Nha th hoai nghi la

´
ˆ ´ ˜ ˆ
ngay ca cac than cua An Ðo Giao cung khong the biet “s
´ ˜
` ` ´ ´ ˜
sang tao a xay ra nh the nao” vı “chınh cac than cung
ˆ ˜ ´ ´ ˆ ˆ
hien hu sau s sang tao”. (Chung toi viet nghieng).
´ ` ˆ
ˆ `
ˆ
Trong cac tai lieu viet tay cua Ba-by-lon va cua Ai Cap,
˜ ´ ˜ ˆ
cung co nhng chuyen than thoai tng t ve s sinh ra

´
ˆ ˜ ˜ ˆ ˜
cua cac than cua ho trong mot vu tru a hien hu roi.
ˆ ´ ` ´ ˆ ˆ
Tuy nhien, co ieu la cac chuyen than thoai ay khong
´ ˜ ` ˆ ´ ˆ
the noi vu tru bat nguon t au. Nhng co mot l ich s

´ ˜ ´ ´ ´ ˆ
s sang tao, nh ban se thay, khac han vi cac chuyen
ˆ
˘ ˆ ` `
than thoai tr en. L ich s ac biet nay la quyen Kinh-
´ ´ `
´ ´ `
thanh vi li m au: “Ban au Ðc Chua Tri dng
ˆ ` ´ ´
nen tri at” (Sang-the Ky 1:1).
ˆ ˜ ` ˆ
`
´ ˆ
Moi-se a viet li tren, gian d i va ay u, cach ay

˘ ` ´ ` ˆ
khoang 3.500 nam. Li ay chu trong vao mot Ðang
´ ´ ´ ` ˆ ˜ ´ ˜
Tao Hoa, Ðc Chua Tri, Ðang hien hu trc vu tru
ˆ ` ` ˆ ´ ` ´ ` ´ ´
vat chat vı Ngai dng nen no va do o Ngai co trc
´ ˜ ´ ´ ´ ` `
no. Cung quyen sach ay day rang “Ðc Chua Tri la
´ ˜ ` ` ˆ ˜ ˆ `
Than”, co nghıa la Ngai hien hu trong mot the ma

´ ˆ ˘
mat tran cua chung ta khong the thay c (Giang
` ˆ ˆ ˜ ˆ ´ ˜
4:24). Ngay nay mot s hien hu nh vay co le de cho
`

` ´ ` ˜
ngi ta tng tng hn bi vı cac nha khoa hoc a
ˆ
˜ ` ˜
mo ta c nhng sao neutron cc manh va nhng
ˆ ˜ ˆ ˆ
ho en trong khong gian—nhng thien the khong thay
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
86 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
˜ ˜ ˜ ` ˆ ` `
´
Nhng ıa bui nh ıa nay trong dai thien ha NGC 4261 la bang chng
˜ ˆ ˆ ´
cua nhng ho en cc sau khong the thay c. Kinh-thanh cho biet,
˜ ´ ´ ˜ ˆ ˘ ˆ
trong coi khac, co nhng tao vat quyen nang khong the thay c
`
` ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
c, va chı nh tac dung chung phat ra mi kham
´ ´
pha ra chung.
´ ´ ´ ` ´ ´ ˜ ´ `
Ðieu ang chu y la Kinh-thanh noi: “Lai cung co hınh-
ˆ ` ` ˆ
the thuoc ve tri, hınh-the thuoc ve at, nhng vinh-

` ˆ ` ´
quang cua hınh-the thuoc ve tri vi vinh-quang cua

` ˆ ` ´ ˆ ˆ
hınh-the thuoc ve at thı khac nhau” (1 Co-rinh-to 15:
´ ` ˆ ` ´ ˆ ´
´
40, 44). Cac “hınh-the thuoc ve tri” o khong am chı cac
ˆ ˆ ˜ ` ´ ` ˆ
thien the khong thay c trong vu tru ma cac nha thien
˘ ˆ ´ ´ ` ˆ ` ´
van nghien cu. Cac “hınh-the thuoc ve tri” c noi
` ˜ ˆ ´
en la nhng than linh thong minh. Ban co the t hoi:

` ´ ´ ˆ
‘Ngoai Ðang Tao Hoa, ai co than the than linh?’
˜ ˆ ˆ ` ˆ `
Nh ng tao
vat
vo hınh tren tri
` ˆ
´ ˆ
˜
Theo s tng thuat cua Kinh-thanh, khong phai coi
ˆ ` ˆ ˆ ` ´ ´ ´
vo hınh c dng
nen au tien ma bc sang tao trc
` ˆ ˆ ´ `
nhat la dng nen mot than linh khac hay la Con au
` ` `
ˆ
long. Ngai la “Ðang sanh ra au het thay moi vat
dng

ˆ ´ ´ ˆ ˆ
Mot
lich s xa x a ve s sang tao—B
an
co the tin cay
khong? 87
ˆ ` ˆ ˆ ´
´
nen” hay “Ðang lam au coi-r e cuoc sang-the cua Ðc
´ ` ˆ ˆ
ˆ ˆ
Chua Tri” (Co-lo-se 1:15; Khai-huyen 3:14). Nhan vat
ˆ ` ` ˆ ˆ
c tao dng au tien nay la oc nhat vo nh i.
` ` ˆ ´ ´ `
Ngai la tao vat duy nhat do Ðc Chua Tri trc tiep
ˆ ` ´ ˆ `
dng nen, va c phu cho s khon ngoan phi thng.
ˆ ` ´ `
Thc ra, mot ngi viet Kinh-thanh sau nay, v i vua noi
` ˆ ˜ ` ´ ´ `
tieng la khon ngoan, a goi Con ay la “th cai”, tc la
` ´ ´ ` ` ˆ ˆ ´
ngi c Ðc Chua Tri dung trong cong cuoc sang
ˆ ˆ ˜ ˆ
tao ke tiep. (Cham-ngon 8:22, 30; cung xem He-b-r 1:
ˆ ´
´ ˆ `
1, 2). Mot thay giao trong the ky th nhat ten la Phao-
ˆ ˜ ` ˆ ˆ ˜ ˆ
lo a viet ve ngai nh sau: “Muon vat a c dng nen
` ˆ ˆ ` ´ ˆ
trong Ngai, bat luan tren tri, di at, vat thay c,
ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ´ ˘
vat khong thay c”. (Co-lo-se 1:16; so sanh Giang 1:
1-3).
˜ ˆ ˆ ` ` ˆ ` ` ´ ´ `
Nhng vat vo hınh nao tren tri ma Ðc Chua Tri
˜ ˆ ` ` ´ `
a dng nen qua ngi Con nay? Trong khi cac nha
ˆ ˘ ´ ` ` ´ `
ˆ `
thien van phuc trınh la co en hang ty ngoi sao va ho
ˆ ` ´ ´ ` ˘
en khong thay c thı Kinh-thanh noi en hang tram
ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ
trieu tao vat than linh—vi c the than linh. Mot so
` ´
´ ˆ ˆ
ngi co the hoi: ‘Tai sao lai tao ra cac tao vat thong
ˆ `
minh vo hınh nh the?’
ˆ ˆ ´ ˜ ´ ´
Giong nh viec nghien cu ve vu tru co the giup tra

` ˆ ˆ

´ ˆ
li mot so cau hoi ve nguon goc cua no, viec hoc hoi Kinh-
´ ˜ ´ ´
thanh cung co the cho chung ta s hieu biet quan trong
´

´ ´ ´
ve Tac Gia cua no. Chang han, Kinh-thanh cho chung ta
` ` ´ ´ ` ´ ` ` ˆ
biet Ngai la “Ðc Chua Tri hanh-ph c” va tınh yeu

´ ´ ´ ` ` ˆ
thng phan anh trong cac y inh cung hanh ong cua
` ˆ ˆ ˘ ˆ ` ´ ´
Ngai (1 Ti-mo-the 1:11; 1 Giang 4:8). Vay thı chung ta co
ˆ ˆ ´ ´ ` ´ ´ ` ´
the ket luan mot cach hp ly la Ðc Chua Tri muon co
´ ˆ ˆ ˜ ˆ
cac tao vat than linh thong minh, nhng tao vat biet vui

`
´ ` ´ ˆ
hng s song, cung vi Ngai. Moi than linh co viec
`
˜ ´ ´ ` ´
lam khien ho thoa man, giup ıch lan nhau va gop phan
` ˆ ´
´
vao viec thc thi y inh cua Ðang Tao Hoa.
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
88 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
ˆ ´ ` ` ´ ˆ `
Khong co gı cho thay la cac tao vat than linh nay c
ˆ ` ´ ´ ` ` ´
tao
dng e vang li Ðc Chua Tri nh ngi may.
´ ` ´ ˆ ` ´ ´
Trai lai, Ngai phu cho ho s thong minh va y chı t do.
˜ ` ˆ
´ ´
Nhng s tng thuat cua Kinh-thanh cho thay Ðc
´ ` ´ ˆ ˆ
Chua Tri khuyen khıch moi tao vat thong minh t do
˜ ` ` ˆ ` ´ ˆ `
suy nghı va hanh ong—t tin la s t do o khong la
` ` ` ` `
moi e doa thng trc cho hoa bınh va hoa hp trong
˜ ` ˆ ˆ
´
vu tru. Dung ten rieng cua Ðang Tao Hoa ghi trong
´ ˆ ˆ ˆ ´
Kinh-thanh phan tieng He-b-r, Phao-lo viet: “Vay Ðc
ˆ ˆ ` ` ` ´
´ ˆ
Gie-ho-va la Than; va ni nao co than linh cua Ðc Gie-
ˆ ´ ´ ˆ ˆ
ho-va, ni o co t do” (2 Co-rinh-to 3:17, NW).
˜ ˆ ˜ ` ˆ `
Nh ng vat
h u hınh tren tri
˜ ˆ ˜ ` ` ˆ ` ` ´ ´ `
Nhng vat hu hınh nao tren tri ma Ðc Chua Tri
˜ ˆ `
` ´
a dng nen qua Con au long cua Ngai? Ðo bao gom
˘ `
´ `
ˆ ` ` ˜
mat tri cua chung ta, hang ty ngoi sao va toan the vu
ˆ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
tru vat chat. Kinh-thanh co cho chung ta bat c khai
ˆ ` ˆ ´ ´ ` ` ˆ `
niem nao ve viec Ðc Chua Tri t h khong ma dng
ˆ ˆ ˆ ` ˆ ´ ˜
nen muon vat nay hay khong? Chung ta hay xem Kinh-
´ ´ ´ ´
ˆ
thanh di anh sang cua khoa hoc hien ai.
`
´ `
Vao the ky th 18, nha khoa hoc Antoine-Laurent ˆ
ˆ ´
ˆ
Lavoisier nghien cu ve trong lng cua vat chat. Ong
´ ˆ
´ ´
e y thay, sau mot phan ng hoa hoc, trong lng cua

´
san pham tao ra bang tong so trong lng cua cac hp
ˆ
` ´
phan nguyen thuy. Chang han, khi ot t giay bang khı
` ` ´ ´ ˜ ˘
oxy thı tong so khoi lng tro va cac khı sinh ra se nang
` ˆ
` ´ ˆ
bang t giay nguyen thuy va khı oxy. Lavoisier e ra mot
ˆ `
` ˘
inh luat goi la ‘s bao toan khoi lng’. Nam 1910, cuon

´ ˆ
The Encyclopædia Britannica giai thıch: “Khong the tao
` ´
ˆ `
ra hay la pha huy vat chat c”. Ðieu nay xem ra hp
´ ´ ` ´
ly, ıt nhat vao hoi o.
ˆ ˆ
ˆ
`
Tuy nhien, viec qua bom nguyen t no tai thanh pho
ˆ
˘ ˜ ˆ
Hiroshima, Nhat Ban nam 1945 a cho thay inh luat

ˆ
Lavoisier khiem khuyet. Trong s no cua mot khoi lng
ˆ ´ ´ ˆ ˆ
Mot
an
co the tin cay
khong? 89
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ ´
Ket qua cua cac cuoc ´ thı´ nghi em ung ho ly thuyet ve
ˆ `
khoa hoc,
theo o, co the bien oi vat chat thanh
˘ ` ˘ ` ˆ
nang lng
va nang lng thanh vat chat
ˆ ´
ˆ
ˆ
sieu ti han cua nguyen t urani nh the, nhieu loai vat
´ ` ´
chat khac nhau tao thanh nhng tong khoi lng van ıt
ˆ
´
hn khoi lng urani nguyen thuy. Tai sao co s mat
´ ´
` ˆ `
mat? Chınh bi vı mot phan khoi lng urani bien thanh
´ ´
´ ` ˆ ˘
tia chp toe la co cng o nang lng cc manh.
ˆ ´
ˆ
` ˆ
Mot khuyet iem khac cua inh luat bao toan vat chat

ˆ ˆ ` ˘ ´
cua Lavoisier c neu len vao nam 1952 vi s no cua

ˆ ˆ ˆ ´
mot thiet b i thuoc nhiet hach (bom khinh khı). Trong s
´ ´ ˆ
`
no o, cac nguyen t hyro hp lai tao thanh chat heli.
` ˆ ´ ´
Du vay khoi lng heli phat sinh ıt hn khoi lng cua
ˆ
ˆ ˜
hyro nguyen thuy. Mot phan khoi lng hyro a bien
` ˘ ˆ ´ ´ ` ´ ˆ ´
thanh nang lng no, mot s no co sc tan pha ghe gm
`
´
hn la qua bom nem xuong Hiroshima.
˜ ` ´ ˆ
ˆ
Nh nhng s no nay chng minh, mot lng nho vat
´ ˘ ˆ
chat tng ng vi so nang lng khong lo. Quan he
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
90 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
˜ ˆ ` ˘ `
´ ˘
gia vat chat va nang lng nay giai thıch cho nang

˘ ` ` ´ ´ ´ `
lng cua mat tri, nh no chung ta mi song va c

ˆ ` ` ` ` ˘ ´ `
khoe manh. Quan he nay la gı? Vao nam 1905, tc la
˘ ´ ˘ ˜ ˆ ´ ´ ˆ
40 nam trc nam 1945, Einstein a tien oan co mot
ˆ ˜ ˆ ` ˘ `
quan he gia vat chat va nang lng. Nhieu ngi biet
`
ˆ ˆ
phng trınh E6mc2 cua ong.1 Chang bao lau sau khi
ˆ ´ ˆ ´ ´ ` ´ ` ´
quan he o c Einstein cong thc hoa thı cac nha bac
´ ´
´ ` ` ˘ `
hoc khac co the giai thıch c la lam sao mat tri tiep
´ `
˘ ˘ ` ´ ˜
tuc chieu sang hang ty nam. Trong mat tri, co nhng

´ ˆ ˆ ´ ` ˆ
phan ng nhiet h ach li en t uc. B ang c ach nay, moi giay,
˘ `
ˆ `
mat tri bien khoang 564 trieu tan hyro thanh 560
ˆ ` ´ ˜ `
ˆ
trieu tan heli. Ðieu nay co nghıa la khoang 4 trieu tan
ˆ ` ˘ ˘ ` ` ˆ
vat chat bien oi thanh nang lng mat tri ma mot

˘
`
phan toa xuong mat at bao toan s song.
´ ´ ´ ` ´ ` ´
Ðieu ang chu y la qua trınh co the oi ngc lai.

´ ˘
Cuon The World Book Encyclopedia giai thıch: “Nang
` ˆ ˜ ˆ
lng oi thanh vat chat khi nhng hat ben trong
ˆ

ˆ ˜
nguyen t va cham nhau toc o cao tao ra nhng hat
´ ˘ ´ ` ˆ
mi nang hn”. Cac nha khoa hoc thc nghiem c
` ˆ ´ ` ´
ieu nay trong mot pham vi gii han, dung may khong
` ´ ´ ˜ ˆ
lo goi la may gia toc hat, trong o nhng hat ben trong
ˆ

ˆ ˆ
nguyen t va cham nhau van toc cc cao, e tao ra vat
` ˆ ´

˜
chat. Nha vat ly hoc oat giai thng Nobel, tien sı Carlo

´ ´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˜
Rubbia giai thıch: “Chung toi tai tao mot trong nhng
´ ˜ ˘ ` ˆ
phep la ve vu tru—bi en nang lng thanh vat chat”.
ˆ ` ` ´ ´ ´ ` ` ˆ
Mot ngi nao o co the noi: ‘Ðanh la nh vay, nhng
` ´ ˆ `
´ `
ieu nay co lien quan gı en l ich s s sang tao ma
ˆ ´ ˆ
toi oc thay trong Kinh-thanh?’ That ra quyen Kinh-
´ ˆ
` ˆ ´ ˆ
thanh khong phai la mot sach ve khoa hoc, tuy nhien
´ ˜ ´
` ˆ ` ` ´ ´
Kinh-thanh a chng to la hien ai va phu hp vi cac
˜ ˆ ` ´ ´
d kien khoa hoc. T au en cuoi, Kinh-thanh lu y
˘ ˆ ´ ˆ ´ ´ `
1 Nang lng
bang khoi lng
nhan vi van
toc anh sang bınh
phng.
ˆ ´ ´ ˆ ˆ
Mot
lich s xa xa ve s sang tao—B
an
co the tin cay
khong? 91
ˆ `
en Ðang dng nen toan
˜ ˆ ´ `
the vu tru vat chat, tc la
`
Nha Khoa Hoc loi lac nhat
ˆ ˆ ˆ ´
(Ne-he-mi 9:6; Cong-vu cac
´
S - o 4:24; Kh ai-huy en
´ ˜
4:11). Kinh-thanh cung cho
˜ ˆ ˆ ˜ ˘
thay ro lien he gia nang
` ˆ
l
ng va vat chat.
´
Chang han, Kinh-thanh
` ` ` `
m
i ng
i oc lam ieu nay:
˜ ´ ˆ `
“Hay ng
c mat len cao ma
˜ ˜ ˆ
xem: Ai ` a tao nhng vat
´
nay? Ay la Ðang khien cac
´ ` ˘ ˆ ˆ ˆ
c
-binh ra theo so no, va at ten het thay; chang mot vat
` ` ´ ` ´ ` ˘
nao thieu, vı sc-m ˆ anh Ng ai l
n l am, v a quy en-n ang
` ˆ ´ ´
Ngai rat cao” (E-sai 40:26). Vang, Kinh-thanh noi rang
ˆ ˘ ˆ ˆ ´ ˜
mot nguon nang l
ng vo bien—Ðang Tao Hoa—a
` ` ˜ ˆ ` ` ` `
hınh thanh vu tru vat chat. Ðieu nay hoan toan phu h
p
´ ˜ ˆ ˆ ˆ ´ ` ˜
v
i ky thuat tan tien. Chı rieng ly do nay cung u cho
´ ´ ´
thay l ich s ve s sang tao trong Kinh-thanh ang cho
´ ˆ ˆ
chung ta ton trong sau xa.
ˆ ´ ˆ ˜ ` ` ˆ ` ˆ
Sau khi dng nen cac vat hu hınh va vo hınh
tren
` ´ ` ` ` ˆ
tr
i, Ðang Tao Hoa va Con au long cua Ngai tap trung
´ ´ ´ ´ ˆ ` ´ `
s chu y en trai at. Trai at do au ma co? Hanh tinh
´ ˆ ´ ´ `
cua chung ta do nhieu nguyen to hoa hoc khac nhau ma
` ` ˜ ˆ ´ ´ ´ ´
thanh hınh. Nhng nguyen to o co the do Ðc Chua
` ´ ˘ ˆ ˆ
Tr
i trc tiep tao ra bang cach bien nang lc vo bien cua
` ` ˆ ` ´ ` ˆ ´ `
Ngai thanh vat chat ma cac nha vat ly ngay nay cho
` ˘ ` ´ ´
la kha thi. Hoac nh nhieu nha khoa hoc tin, trai at co
˜ ` ` ` ˆ ˆ ˆ
the a
c hınh thanh t vat chat do s no cua mot sieu
´ ´ ` ´ ˜ ´ ˆ
sao m
i ban ra. Va lai ai noi
c la co the a co mot s
´ ´ ` ` ´ ´
phoi h
p cac ph
ng phap va ke va cac ph
ng phap
´ ` ´ ´ ´ ˆ `
khac ma cac khoa hoc gia cha kham pha ra khong? Du
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
92 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
´ ` ˘ ˜ ´
a ra phng phap nao chang na, Ðang Tao Hoa
´ ` ˘ ˆ
´ ˆ `
chınh la Nguon nang ong cua cac nguyen to tao thanh
´
´ ´
trai at bao gom tat ca cac khoang chat can thiet cho s

´
song cua chung ta.
´ ´ ´ ˆ ´ ´ ˆ ˆ
Ban co the y thc viec tao dng trai at co lien he en
´ ˆ
ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ
rat nhieu ieu ch khong chı viec cung cap vat lieu can
´ ` ˆ ´ ´
´
xng ma thoi. Kıch thc cua trai at, s xoay quanh

´
´ ˜ ´ ` ˘ ` ˜ ˆ
cua no, khoang cach gia no va mat tri cung nh o
ˆ
` ˜ ` `
nghieng cua truc xoay va quy ao gan nh hınh tron
˘ ` ˜
ˆ ´ ´ ´
chung quanh mat tri, cung phai that chınh xac—chınh
´ ˆ ˜ ` ´ ˜ ` ´
xac nh hien nay. Ro rang Ðang Tao Hoa a lam ra cac
` ˆ ˆ `
´
chu ky thien nhien khien cho hanh tinh cua chung ta
´ `
ˆ `
˜
thıch hp e duy trı s song cua muon loai. Tat ca nhng
` ˆ
´ ´ ˜ `
ieu nay that u ang cho chung ta kinh ngac. Hay hınh

´
´ ˆ `
dung phan ng cua cac con than linh tren tri khi ho
` ´ ´ ` ˆ ´ ˆ
nhın xem s sang tao trai at va s song tren o! Mot
´ ´ ´ ´ `
sach trong Kinh-thanh noi rang ho “ong hat hoa nhau”
` ` ´
va “cat tieng reo mng” (Giop 38:4, 7).
´ ´ ´
Hieu sach Sang-the Ky ch ng 1
ˆ
´ ˆ
Chng au tien cua Kinh-thanh cung cap mot phan
ˆ ` ´ ˆ ´ ´
chi tiet ve mot vai bc quan trong trong viec Ðc Chua
`
´ ` `
Tri sa soan trai at e loai ngi vui hng. Chng

` ˆ ` ´
nay khong cung cap moi chi tiet, vı the khi oc, chung ta
ˆ ˆ ´
˜ `
khong nen boi roi neu sach bo qua nhng iem ma
˜ ` ` ` ˆ `
nhng ngi oc song vao thi xa khong the nao hieu.
ˆ ˆ ´ `
Chang han, khi viet chng ay, Moi-se khong noi gı en
´ ˘

ˆ ˜
chc nang cua tao vi mo hay vi khuan. Nhng sinh the
` ` ´ `
´
nay con ngi mi thay lan au vao the ky th 16 sau
´ ´ ˆ ˜ ˆ
khi kınh hien vi c sang che ra. Moi-se cung khong
´ ` ˜
` `
´
noi gı ve nhng con khung long ma vao the ky th 19,
` ´ ´ ˆ ˜ ` ` ´
ngi ta mi biet chung hien hu nh suy dien t hoa
` ˆ ` ˜
thach. Thay vı the, Moi-se c soi dan e dung nhng
` ` ˜ ` ` `
ˆ ´
t ma nhng ngi vao thi cua ong co the hieu c,
ˆ ´ ´ ˆ ˆ
Mot
an
co the tin cay
khong? 93
`
˜ ` ˆ ` ´ ´ ´
va tat ca nhng t ong dung e noi ve s sang tao trai
´ ´
at eu chınh xac.
´ ´ ` ˆ
˜
Khi oc Sang-the Ky chng 1, t cau 3 tr i, ban se
` ` ´ ` ´ `
thay chng nay chia ra thanh sau “ngay” sang tao. Vai
` ` ` ` ˜ ´ ` `
ngi cho la ngay nay theo nghıa en tc la ngay 24
` ˆ ` ˜ ` ˆ
tieng va nh vay toan the vu tru va s song tren at
ˆ
` ˆ ˆ
c tao ra trong mot khoang thi gian khong ay mot
ˆ ´ ` ´ ´ `
tuan! Tuy nhien, ban co the de dang kham pha ra la
´ ˆ ˆ ´ ´ ´
Kinh-thanh khong day nh vay. Sach Sang-the Ky viet
ˆ ´ ` `
ˆ
bang tieng He-b-r. Trong tieng o, t “ngay” chı mot

` ´ ` ˆ
ˆ ` ˆ
khoang thi gian, co the la mot khoang that dai hay mot
` ˜
´ ´
ngay 24 tieng theo nghıa en. Ngay ca trong sach Sang-
´
´ ` ´ ` ˆ
the Ky, tat ca sau “ngay” c noi chung la mot khoang

` ` ` ` ´ ˆ ˆ ˆ
thi gian dai—‘trong ngay ma Ðc Gie-ho-va dng nen
` ` ´ ´ ´
at va tri’. (Sang-the Ky 2:4, NW; so sanh 2 Phi-e-r
ˆ ´ ´ ` ` ´
3:8). That ra Kinh-thanh cho biet cac thi ky hay cac
` ´ ` ˘
“ngay” sang tao bao gom nhieu ngan nam.
˜ ` ´ ´ ` ´
´
Nhng gı Kinh-thanh noi ve “ngay” th bay giup
´ ` ` ˆ `
chung ta thay c ieu nay. S tng thuat moi ngay
´ ` ´ ´ ´ ˆ ˆ ´
trong sau “ngay” sang tao eu cham dt vi cau ‘vay co
` ` ` ´ ` ´
buoi chieu va buoi mai; ay la ngay th nhat’ va c nh
ˆ ˆ ˜ ˆ ˆ ` ` `
vay.
Tuy nhien, ban se khong thay cau nay sau li tng
ˆ ` ´
`
´ ´
thuat ve “ngay” th bay. Vao the ky th nhat CN, tc sau
´
˘ `
´ ´
o khoang 4.000 nam trong dong l ich s, Kinh-thanh noi
` ´
ˆ ˆ
“ngay” th bay van ang tiep tuc (He-b-r 4:4-6). Vay
` ´
` ˆ
` ´ `
“ngay” th bay la mot khoang thi gian keo dai nhieu
` ˘ ` ´ ´ ´ ˆ ˆ
ngan nam va chung ta co the hp ly ket luan nh vay ve
` ´ ` ˆ
moi “ngay” trong sau “ngay” au tien.
` ´ ` ´
“Ngay” th nhat va th t
` ´ ˜
˜
Dng nh trai at a trong quy ao chung quanh
˘ ` ` ´ ´ ´ ´ ` `
mat
tri va co nc bao boc trc sau “ngay” hay la
˜ ` ´ ˆ ˆ ´
nhng giai oan ma trong o cong viec sang tao bat au.
´ ˘ ˆ ˘ ´ ´ ´
“Co s toi tam tren mat vc ay nc” (Sang-the Ky 1:2,
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
94 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
` `
NW). Vao thi iem
´
` ˆ ´
sm sua nay, mot cai
` ´ ´ ˜ ˆ
g ı o—c o l e m ot

h p ch a t g om hi
´ ´ ´ ´
nc, cac khı khac,
` ´
v a b ui do n ui l a
˜ ˘
phun—han a ngan
´ ´ ˘ `
anh s ang m at tr i
´
chieu xuong trai at.
´
Kinh-th anh t a giai

´ ´
o an s ang t ao th
´
nhat nh sau: “Ðc
´ ` ´
Ch ua T r i ph an:

´ ´ `
‘Phai co s sang’; va
´ ` `
s sang t t xuat
ˆ ˆ ´
hien” hay xuyen ti
˘ ´ ´
mat at (Sang-the Ky
1:3, do J. W. Watts
d ich).
˜ ` `
Ch “t t” phan
˜ ˆ ˆ ´ ` ` ´ ´ ´ ´ ˆ
Nhng cong viec
`
sang tao
´
t “ngay” th
´ anh ch ınh x ac m ot
nhat qua “ngay” th ba khien co ˆ `
ˆ ` ˆ dang ong t tieng
vo van loai cay coi ˆ
ˆ
He-b-r chı en mot
` ˆ ´ ´ ` `
hanh ong c tien dan, vi thi gian, en cho hoan tat.
´ ˆ ´ `
Bat c ai oc c tieng He-b-r co the thay dang nay
ˆ
´ ´
xuat hien en 40 lan trong chng 1 cua sach Sang-the
´ ` ´ ` ` ´ ` ˜ ` ´
Ky, va o la chıa khoa e hieu chng nay. Nhng gı Ðc
´ ` ` ˜ ´
Chua Tri bat au vao buoi chieu theo nghıa bong cua
ˆ ` ´ ´ ˆ ˜ ´
mot ngay sang tao c dan dan hien ro ra, sau buoi sang
˜ ´
` ´ ˜ ˜ `
theo nghıa bong cua “ngay” o.1 Cung the, nhng gı bat
` ˆ ` ´ ˆ
` `
au vao mot giai oan nao o khong can phai hoan thanh
´ ´
tron ven trc khi giai oan ke bat au. Ðe minh hoa, anh
` ´ ´ `
` ´ ˘
1 Ngi Do Thai tınh ngay cua ho bat au t buoi chieu luc mat

` ˘ ` ˆ
tri lan
en buoi chieu ngay hom sau.
ˆ ´ ´ ˆ ˆ
Mot
an
co the tin cay
khong? 95
´ ˆ ` ´ ˆ
sang dan dan xuat hien trong “ngay” th nhat, tuy nhien
´ ´ ´ ` ´ ˘
cho ti giai oan sang tao th t thı mi thay c mat
` ˘ ˘ ` ´ ˆ ´ ´
tri, mat trang va cac ngoi sao (Sang-the Ky 1:14-19).
` ´ ` ´
“Ngay” th hai va th ba
´ ´ ` ˆ ˆ
Trc khi Ðang Tao Hoa lam cho at kho xuat hien
` ` ´ ´ ` ˆ ˆ ´ ´
vao “ngay” sang tao th ba, Ngai lay len mot ıt nc.

` ´
ˆ ´
Ket qua la trai at c bao boc bi mot cai men hi
´ ` ˆ ` ˆ ` ˜
nc.1 S tng thuat co xa nay khong—va cung
ˆ
˜ ˜ ˆ ` `
chang can—mo ta nhng ky thuat dung en. Thay vı
ˆ ´ ˘ ˆ `
ˆ
vay, Kinh-thanh at trong tam vao khoang khong trung
˜ ´ ´ ´ ˆ ` ˘ ´ ` ´ ` `
gia lp nc phıa tren va mat nc va goi o la tri.
` ` ` ` ` `
´
Ngay ngay nay ngi ta con dung t nay e chı bau khı
˜
` ´ ´ ` ´
quyen, lanh vc cua chim va may bay. Vi thi gian, Ðc
´ ` ` ´ ˆ ` ˆ
Chua Tri lam ay bau khı quyen tren tri mot hon hp
´
khı can thiet cho s song.
ˆ ˜ ` ´ ˘ ´
Tuy nhien, trong “nhng ngay” sang tao, mat nc ha
ˆ ´ ˜ ´ ´ ` ` ´
xuong e at troi len. Co le Ðc Chua Tri dung cac lc
` ´
˜
ia chat van con di chuyen cac ban noi at e ay nhng
˘ ´ ´ ˆ ` ˆ ´
rang
nui di ai dng len va nh vay cac luc ia c
` ` ` ˆ ˆ ˆ
˘
thanh hınh. Ðieu nay khien at kho nho len khoi mat
´ ` ´ ˜ ˜ ´ ´ ` `
nc va tao ra cac vung lom di ay ai dng ma ngay
´ `
˜ ˜
` ´ ´
nay cac nha hai dng hoc a ve c ban o va hao hc
ˆ ´ ´ ˆ
nghien cu. (So sanh Thi-thien 104:8, 9). Sau khi at
ˆ ` ` ˆ ` ´ ˆ
kho thanh hınh, mot dien bien la lung khac xuat hien.
´ ´ ´ ` ´
Chung ta oc: “Ðc Chua Tri lai phan rang: Ðat phai

ˆ

ˆ ˆ ´
`
sanh cay-co; co ket hot giong, cay-trai ket qua, tuy theo
´ ´ ` ` ˆ ˆ ´
1 Ðang Tao Hoa co the dung quy trınh thien nhien e lay nc
ˆ ` ˜
ˆ ` ´ ´ ` ˜ ` `
len va gi lai tren cao va chınh nc nay a ri xuong v ao thi
` ˆ ˆ ´ ´
ky No-e (Sang-the Ky 1:6-8; 2 Phi-e-r 2:5; 3:5, 6). Bien co l ich s
` ˜ ˆ ˆ ´ ˜ ` ´
nay a e lai mot an t ng sau xa oi vi nhng ngi song sot
` ´ ´ ` ˆ
´ ˆ ´
va con chau ho nh cac nha nhan chung hoc x ac nh an.
Ch ung ta
`
´ ´ ˆ ˆ ˆ ´
thay bien co nay c phan anh qua cac cau chuyen ve tran nc
` ˆ
lut ma nhan gian khap ni lu truyen.
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
96 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
` ´ ˆ ` ˆ ` ´ ˆ
loai ma co hot giong trong mınh tren at; thı co nh vay”
´ ´
(Sang-the Ky 1:11).
˜
ˆ ´ ˆ `
Nh a thao luan trong chng trc (“Cong trınh
´ ˆ ` ´ ˆ
sang tao—Do au ma co?”), hien tng quang hp can
ˆ ˆ ˘ ˆ `
ˆ
thiet cho thc vat tren mat at. Mot te bao cua cay xanh
´ ˆ
` ˆ ´ `
cha mot so hat nho hn goi la hat diep luc; cac hat nay
ˆ ˘ ` ˘ ` ´
nhan nang lng t mat tri. Sach Planet Earth giai

´ ˜ ` ´ ` ` `
thıch: “Nhng nha may te vi nay che tao ra ng va
ˆ ` ´ ` ` ´
tinh bot... Cha tng co ngi nao co the thiet ke c
ˆ ` ´ ´ ˆ ˘ ˘

mot nha may co hieu nang hn, hoac tao ra san pham
` ˆ ˆ
can yeu hn la mot hat diep luc”.
ˆ ˆ
` ˆ ` ˆ ` ˜
That vay, s song cua loai vat tuy thuoc vao nhng hat
ˆ ˜ ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ ` ´
diep luc. Cung vay, khong co cay xanh thı bau khı quyen

´ ˜ ´ ´ `
cua trai at se co qua nhieu lng cacbon ioxit va
´ ˜ ` ´ ` ´ ˆ `
chung ta se chet vı nong va thieu khı oxy. Mot so nha
ˆ ˆ ˜ `
´ ´
chuyen mon a ra nhng li giai thıch khien chung ta
ˆ ´ ` ˆ `
kinh ngac ve viec s song phat trien tuy thuoc vao quang
´ ˜ ˆ `
hp. Chang han, ho noi rang khi nhng sinh vat n bao
´ ` ˆ ` `
trong nc bat au het thc pham thı “mot vai te bao
ˆ ´
´
tien phong sang che ra giai phap: tao ra quang hp”.
´ ` ˆ ˆ ˆ
Nhng co the nao that s nh vay khong? Quang hp
´ ´
phc tap en noi cac khoa hoc gia van ang co gang a
´ ˆ
´ ´ ´ ´ ˜
s bı mat cua no ra anh sang. Ban co nghı rang s song

` ` ˆ ` ˜ ˆ ˆ
t sinh san va tuy thuoc vao quang hp a xuat hien mot
´ ˆ
´ ` ˆ ˆ
cach khong the giai thıch c va ngau nhien khong?
` ´ ˆ ´ ˆ
Hay la ban thay hp ly hn e tin hien tng o hien
˜ ` ` ´ ˆ ` ´ ´
hu la nh s sang tao thong minh va co muc ıch nh
` ` ´ ´ ´
c trınh bay trong sach Sang-the Ky?
ˆ ˆ ´
S xuat hien nhieu loai cay coi xanh ti co the cha
´ ` ´ ´ `
cham dt trong “ngay” th ba nhng co the con tiep tuc
` ´ ´ ´ ˆ ˆ
sang “ngay” ˆ th s au khi Ð ang T ao H oa “l ap m ot c anh

` ` ˆ ´ ´ ˆ
vn tai E-en” va “khien at moc len cac th cay ep
` ´ ` ˘ ´ ´ `
mat, va trai thı an ngon” (Sang-the Ky 2:8, 9). Va nh
ˆ ´ ´ ˆ ˆ
Mot
an
co the tin cay
khong? 97
˜ ´ ´
´ ˜
˜
a noi, bau khı quyen cua trai at a phai quang ang
` ´ ´ ´ ` ˘ ` ` ´ ˆ
trong “ngay” th t e anh sang t mat tri va cac thien
´ ´ ´ ` ´
the khac co the roi ti hanh tinh Trai Ðat nhieu hn.
` ´ ˘ ` ´ ´
“Ngay” th nam va th sau
` ´ ´ ˘ ´
Trong “ngay” sang tao th nam, Ðang Tao Hoa bat
ˆ ´ ` ´ ˆ
au dng nen trong nc va trong bau khı quyen mot
´ ´ ´ ˆ
dang song mi khac—“linh hon song”—khac biet han
´ ˆ ˆ ´ ´ ´ ` ` ˆ
vi cay coi. Mot ieu ang chu y la, ngoai mot so ieu
´ ´ ` ˆ ´ ´ ˆ ` ´
khac, cac nha sinh vat hoc noi ve gii thc vat va gii
ˆ ˆ ˆ ` ˜ ´ `
ong vat, roi ho lai phan chia thanh nhng lp phu. T
ˆ ` ´ ˜ ` ˆ
He-b-r c d ich ra la “linh hon” co nghıa la “mot tao
ˆ ´
´ ˜ ´ ´
vat co hi th”. Kinh-thanh cung noi rang “cac linh hon
´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ˆ
song” co mau. Do o, chung ta co the ket luan rang
˜ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ ` ˆ `
nhng tao vat co he thong ho hap va he thong tuan hoan
´ ˆ
´ ˆ ˆ
—cac sinh vat th di bien, tren khong—bat au xuat
ˆ ´ ´ ˘ ´ ´
hien trong giai oan sang tao th nam (Sang-the Ky
1:20; 9:3, 4, NW).
` ´ ´ ´ ´ ` ´ ´
Trong “ngay” th sau, Ðc Chua Tri chu y hn en
˘ ` ˆ ´ ` ´ ˜
mat at. Ngai dng nen “gia suc” va thu “hoang”; nhng
` ` ´ ´ ˜ ˘ ˆ ` ´ ˆ ´
t nay co y nghıa ac biet vao luc Moi-se viet (Sang-the
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ ˜ ˜ ˆ
Ky 1:24, NW). Vay cac ong vat hu nhu tren at c
ˆ ` ´ ´ ´ ` `
dng nen vao giai oan sang tao th sau. Con con ngi
`
thı sao?

´ `
L ich s co xa cho chung ta biet, cuoi cung Ðang Tao
´ ˆ ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
Hoa dng nen mot the song that s co mot khong hai
ˆ ` ´ ´ ˆ `
` ´
tren at. Ngai noi vi Con tren tri cua Ngai: “Chung
˜ ` ˆ ` ` ` `
ta hay lam nen loai ngi nh hınh ta va theo tng
˘
` ´ ` ` ` ´
ta, ang quan-tr i loai ca bien, loai chim tri, loai suc-
ˆ ` ˆ ` ` ˆ ˘ `

vat, loai con-trung bo tren mat at, va khap ca at”
´ ´ ´ `

(Sang-the Ky 1:26). Do o, con ngi phai phan chieu
`
ˆ ˆ
ˆ ` `
hınh anh thieng lieng cua Ðang dng nen mınh va
ˆ ´ ´ ´
` ` ` ´
bieu lo cac c tınh cua Ngai. Va con ngi co kha

˘ ˆ ˆ ˜ ˆ
nang thau nhan so lng hieu biet vı ai. Nh vay con
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
98 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
` ´ ` ˆ ´ ˆ
ngi co the hanh ong vi s thong minh vt han
` ˆ ˜ ´ ´ ` ´ ` ´
loai vat. Cung the, khac vi loai thu, con ngi co kha
˘ ` ˆ ´ ´ ´ ˆ
nang hanh ong theo y chı t do ch khong b i ban

˘ ` `
nang hoan toan kiem che.
˜ ˘ ˆ ´ ` ˜ `
Trong nhng nam gan ay, cac nha khoa hoc a ao
ˆ
` ´ ´ ´ ˆ
sau ve gen cua con ngi. Bang cach so sanh cac mo
`
` ˆ ´ `
hınh gen cua con ngi tren khap the gii, ho tım thay
´ ˜ ` ` ` ˆ ´ ˆ
bang chng ro rang la toan the nhan loai co chung mot
ˆ ˆ
` ˜ `
to tien, mot nguon DNA cua moi ngi a tng song
´ ´ ´ ˘ ´
trong o co chung ta. Nam 1988, tap chı Newsweek
` ` ˜ ´ ´ ` ˆ `
trınh bay nhng kham pha nay trong mot bai nhan
` `
ˆ e “The Search for Adam and Eve” (Ði tım A-am va
˜ ˆ ˆ ´ ` ˆ ˆ
E-va). Nhng cuoc nghien cu nay da tren mot loai
ˆ

` `
DNA ty lap the, chat lieu cua gen chı do an ba truyen
` ˆ ˘
´ `
ˆ
qua ma thoi. Nam 1995, ban phuc trınh ket qua nghien
´ ` ˆ ˜ `
cu ve chat DNA ni an ong cung a en cung ket
ˆ ´
´ ˆ ˆ
luan c tap chı Time dien ta: “Co mot ong to ‘A-
ˆ
am’ mang chat lieu di truy en v e nhi em sac the [Y]
` ` ` ˆ ˆ ´ ` ´
ma moi ngi an ong tren trai at ngay nay eu co”.
` ´ ´ ´ ` ˆ ˜ ´
Du co chınh xac tng chi tiet hay khong, nhng kham
´ ` ˜ ´
´
pha nay cung chng minh rang l ich s ghi trong sach
´ ´ ´ ˆ ` ´ ˘ ´
Sang-the Ky rat ang tin cay vı do Ðang co mat tai o

cho viet ra.
ˆ ` ˆ ´ ´ ` ˆ
That la mot cao iem khi Ðc Chua Tri lay mot
ˆ
´ ˆ ` `
so nguyen to cua trai at e tao nen ngi con loai
` ˆ ` ` ˘ ˆ `
ngi au tien ma Ngai at ten la A-am! (Lu-ca 3:38).
` ` ˆ
˜ ´
Li tng thuat l ich s cung cho biet Ðang Tao Hoa

`
ˆ ´ ˘ ` `
cua ia cau va cua s song tren o at ngi ma
` ˜ ˆ ˆ `
Ngai a dng nen trong mot khu vc giong nh vn
` ˜ ` ´ ´ `
“e trong va gi vn” (Sang-the Ky 2:15). Vao giai
` ´ ´ `
oan nay, co the Ðang Tao Hoa van con ang dng
˜ ´ ˆ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
nhng loai thu vat mi. Kinh-thanh noi: “Ðc Chua
` ˆ ´ ` ´ ´ `
Tri lay at nan nen cac loai thu ong, cac loai chim
ˆ ´ ´ ˆ ˆ
Mot
an
co the tin cay
khong? 99

` ˜ ´
Bang t ng gian di, Kinh-thanh ta
ˆ ´
s xuat hien tuan t cua cac
` ´ ˆ
hınh thai s song tren at
` ´ ˘ ˘
`
tri, roi dan en trc mat A-am ang th xem ngi
˘ ˆ ´ ´ ` ˆ ` ˘
at ten chung no lam sao, hau cho ten nao A-am at
ˆ ` ˆ ˆ ´ ´
cho moi vat song, eu thanh ten rieng cho no” (Sang-
´ ´ ˆ ´ `
the Ky 2:19). Kinh-thanh khong he gi y ngi au
ˆ
` ˆ ˆ ˘ ` ´
tien A-am chı la mot khuon mat than thoai, ma trai
ˆ ` ˆ ` ´ ˆ ˆ ` ˜
lai,
ong la mot ngi co that—m ot ngi biet suy nghı
` ´
´ ´
´ ` ˆ
va co cam xuc—co the cam thay vui sng lam viec
´ ` ` ´ ` ˆ
trong ni c tru la Ð ia Ðang o. Moi ngay ong hoc
ˆ ˜ ` ´ ˜ ˆ `
them ve nhng gı Ðang Tao Hoa a dng nen va ve
´ ´ ´ ` ´ ´
`
Ðang ay—cac c tınh va ca tınh cua Ngai.
ˆ ` ˆ ˜ ` ˆ ´
Roi sau mot thi gian khong ro dai bao nhieu, Ðc
´ ` ˆ ` ˜ ˆ `
Chua Tri dng nen ngi n au tien e lam v
` ´ ´ ` ˆ ˆ ˆ
A-am. Ngoai ra, Ðc Chua Tri giao them cong viec
` ´ ˆ ´ ˜ ˜
ˆ
khien i song ho co them y nghıa: “Hay sanh-san, them
` ˜ ` `
nhieu, lam cho ay-day at; hay lam cho at phuc-t ung,
˜
` ´ ´ ` ˆ ` `
hay quan-tr i loai ca di bien, loai chim tren tri cung
´ ˆ ` ˆ ˆ ˘ ´ ´
cac vat song hanh-ong tren mat at” (Sang-the Ky 1:
ˆ ` ´ ´
27, 28). Khong ieu gı co the thay oi c y inh Ðang
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
100 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
´ ˜ ˆ ˜ `
´ ˜
`
Tao Hoa a tuyen bo, nghıa la ca trai at se tr thanh
` ˜ ` ´ ` ` ´
ia ang ay nhng ngi hanh phuc song hoa bınh vi
` ´ ` ˆ
nhau va vi loai vat.
˜ ˆ `
´ `
Vu tru vat chat bao gom hanh tinh cua chung ta va s
ˆ ´ ˜ ` ` ´ ˆ
song tren o ro rang lam chng cho s khon ngoan cua

´ ´ ` ` ˆ ˆ ` ˜ ´
Ðc Chua Tri. Vı khon ngoan nen Ngai thay ro trc,
´ ` ´ ´ ` ´ ` ˆ ˆ ˆ
vi thi gian, co the co ngi t y hanh ong oc lap hay

` ` ´ `
phan ngh ich bat ke Ngai la Ðang Tao Hoa va Ðang Ban

ˆ ´ `
S Song. S phan ngh ich nh vay co the lam roi loan
ˆ ˆ ˜
´ ` `
cong cuoc vı ai bien ca trai at thanh ia ang. S
` ˆ ´ ´ ` ˘ ´ `
t
ˆ ng thu at cho biet Ðc Chua Tri at trc A-am va
ˆ
´

E-va mot s th thach n gian nham nhac nh ho ve

ˆ ` ´ ´ ` ´
s can thiet phai vang li. Ðc Chua Tri phan rang s
ˆ ˜ ˆ
` ` `
bat tuan se mang lai hau qua la mat s song ma Ngai
˜ ´ ` ˆ ˜
a ban cho ho. Ve phan Ðang Tao Hoa, vı quan tam, a

´ ˆ
´ `
canh giac to phu au tien cua chung ta ve con ng sai

´
` ` ˜
lam anh hng en hanh phuc cua toan the dong doi
ˆ ´ ´
nhan loai (Sang-the Ky 2:16, 17).
` ´ ´ ´ ´ ˜ `
Khi “ngay” th sau cham dt, Ðang Tao Hoa a lam
ˆ ` ´
`
xong moi viec can thiet e hoan tat y inh cua Ngai.
` ´ ˆ ˆ ´ ´ ´ ` ˆ `
Ngai co the cong bo mot cach xac ang la moi viec ma
` ˜ ` ` ´ ´
Ngai a lam eu “rat tot lanh” (Sang-the Ky 1:31). Ðen
ˆ ´ ´ ˆ ˆ
ay, Kinh-thanh gii thieu mot giai oan quan trong
´ ´ ` ´ `
´ ˆ
khac khi noi rang “ngay th bay, Ngai nghı cac cong-
ˆ ` ˜ ` ´ ´ ` ´
viec Ngai a lam” (Sang-the Ky 2:2). Vı Ðang Tao Hoa

ˆ ˆ ´ ` `
“ch ˆ ang moi chang met”, vay tai sao lai noi la Ngai nghı?
` ` ` ˆ ˆ
(E-sai 40:28) Ðieu nay cho thay Ngai ngng cong viec
´ ˆ ` ˆ `
sang tao vat chat va biet rang khong ieu gı, ngay ca s

ˆ ` ´ ´ ˘
`
phan loan tren tri hay di at, co the ngan can Ngai
` ` ´ ˜
` ´ ´ `
hoan thanh y inh vı ai cua Ngai. Ðc Chua Tri t
ˆ ´ ` ´ ´
tin cong bo ban phc cho “ngay” sang tao th bay. Do

´ ´ ˆ ˆ `
´ ´
o, cac tao vat thong minh trung thanh cua Ðc Chua
` ` ` ` ´ ˆ ˆ ` ´
Tri—loai ngi va cac tao vat than linh vo hınh—co the
ˆ ´ ´ ˆ ˆ
Mot
an
co the tin cay
khong? 101
´ ´ ` ˆ ` ˆ ˆ
“Vi t cach la mot nha ia chat hoc... toi khong
` ` ` ´ ´ `
the lam gı hay hn la theo sat phan ln loi dien ta va
ˆ ˜ ˆ ´ ´
ngon ng trong chng mot cua Sang-the Ky” (Wallace Pratt)
` ` ` ´
` ` `
chac chan la vao cuoi “ngay” th bay, hoa bınh va hanh

´ ˜ ˆ ` ˜
phuc se ng tr i tren toan vu tru.

´ ˆ
Ban
c´ o the´ tin cay
l ich
´ s
ˆ
trong sach Sang-the Ky khong?
´ ` ˆ
Nhng ban co the thc s tin c s tng thuat ve
´ ` ` ´ ˆ
s sang tao va moi trien vong bao ham trong o khong?
˜ ´
ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ
Nh a noi tren, s nghien cu hien ai ve gen ang
` ˆ ´ ´ ` ˆ
i en cung ket luan c noi ti t lau trong Kinh-
´ ˆ ` ˜ ´ ´ ´
thanh. Mot so nha khoa hoc a quan sat th t cac bien
` ´ ´ ´ ` ` `
co ma sach Sang-the Ky trınh bay. Chang han, nha ia
` ˆ ´
chat hoc noi tieng Wallace Pratt bınh luan: “Neu co ai
ˆ ˆ ´ ´ ` ˆ `
yeu cau toi, vi t cach la mot nha ia chat hoc, giai
˜ ´ ´
ˆ `
´
nghıa cach van tat cac t tng tan thi cua chung ta ve

´ ` ´
ˆ
nguon goc cua trai at va s phat trien cua s song tren
´ ˜ ` ˆ ˆ ` ` ´
o cho nhng ngi moc mac, que mua nh la cac chi
´ ` ´ ´ ´ ` ˆ ˆ
phai ma sach Sang-the Ky c viet cho, thı toi khong
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
102 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
` ` ` ´ ´
`
the lam gı hay hn la theo sat phan ln loi diˆ en ta va
ˆ ˜ ˆ
´ ´ ˜
ngon ng trong chng mot cua Sang-the Ky”. Ong cung
ˆ ´ ´ ´ ˆ
´ ´
nhan xet rang th t cac bien co mo ta trong sach Sang-
´
ˆ ˆ
the Ky: nguon goc cua ai dng, viec at troi len, s
ˆ
´ ` ´ ´ ` ´
xuat hien cua cac loai song di bien, chim choc va cac
ˆ ˆ ˜ ˜ ` ´
´
ong vat hu nhu, thc chat la th t cua cac giai oan
´
`
chınh yeu cua thi ai ia chat.
´ ˜ ´ ´ ˆ ` ˘ `
Chung ta hay xem xet: Cach ay nhieu ngan nam, lam
ˆ ´ ´ ´
sao Moi-se biet c th t chınh xac nh the neu nh
´ ´ ˆ
` ´ ´
tin tc o khong phai bat nguon t chınh Ðang Tao Hoa
˜ `
cung la Ðang Thiet Ke?
´ ´
´ ´
Kinh-thanh noi: “Bi c-tin, chung ta biet rang the-
˜ ` ˆ
`
´ ´ `
gian a lam nen bi li cua Ðc Chua Tri, en noi
˜ ˆ ` ´
` ˆ
nhng vat bay ra o eu chang phai t vat thay c
` ˆ ` ˆ `
ma en” (He-b-r 11:3). Nhieu ngi khong san long
ˆ ˆ ´ ´ `
chap nhan s kien o nhng lai thıch tin vao s ngau
ˆ ˘ ` ` ˆ ` ` ˜
nhien hoac vao tien trınh t nhien ma ho cho la a tao
˜ ` ´ ˜ ´
ra vu tru va s song.1 Nhng nh chung ta a thay, co
´ ´ ` ˜ `
rat nhieu ly do khac nhau e tin la vu tru va s song
ˆ ´

´
tren trai at—gom ca s song cua chung ta—bat nguon
`
ˆ ˆ ´ `
t Ðang Khi Nguyen thong minh tc la Ðang Tao
´ ´ ´ `
Hoa, Ðc Chua Tri.
´ ˆ ˆ
Kinh-thanh thang than cong nhan rang “chang phai

´ ´ ˆ ˆ
het thay eu co c-tin” (2 Te-sa-lo-ni-ca 3:2). Tuy
ˆ ´ ˆ
` ´
nhien, c tin khong phai la s nhe da. Ðc tin da
` ´
vao thc tai chac chan. Trong chng ke tiep, chung ta
˜ ´ ˆ ˜ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
se xem xet them nhng ly do xac ang, co sc thuyet
´ ´ ´ `
phuc cho biet tai sao chung ta co the tin Kinh-thanh va
´
ˆ ` `
Ðang Tao Hoa Cao Ca, Ðang quan tam en tng ngi
´
chung ta.
ˆ ´ ˆ
´ ` ´ ˆ
1 Muon nghien cu them ve l ich s cac hınh thai s song tren

at, xin xem Life—How Did It Get Here? By Evolution or by
Creation? do Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.

xuat ban.

C H N G B AY
´ `
Ban
co the hoc c
gı ve
´ ` ˆ ´
Ðang Tao
Hoa t mot quyen sach?
´ ˜ ´ ˆ ´ ´ ´ ˆ
CO LE ban ong y rang, mot quyen sach co gia tr i that
` ˆ ´ ` ´ ´ ´
s la mot quyen sach hay va cha nhieu tin tc bo ıch.
´ ´ ` ´
Kinh-thanh chınh la quyen sach nh the. Trong Kinh-
´ ˜ ` ˜ ˆ ´ ˆ `
thanh, ban se tım thay nhng chuyen co that trong i
` ´ ´ ´ `
song, ham cha gia tr i ao c cao, khien ngi oc
ˆ ˜ ˜ ˆ
say me. Ban cung thay nhng minh hoa song ong ve
˜ ˜ ˆ ˆ ` ´
nhng le that quan trong. Mot ngi viet Kinh-thanh,
` ˆ ´ ˆ ` ˜
noi tieng la khon ngoan, noi rang: ong “tım-kiem nhng
ˆ ˆ ` ´ ` ˜ ` ´
cau luan tot-ep; va cac li a viet ra eu la chanh-trc
` ˆ
va chn-that” (Truyen-ao 12:10).
´ ` ´ ` ´ ˆ
Quyen sach ma chung ta goi la “Kinh-thanh” that ra
` ˆ ˆ ´
ˆ
la mot bo gom 66 cuon sach nho c viet trong mot

` ˘ ` ˘
khoang thi gian hn 1.500 nam. Chang han, t nam
˘ ˆ ˜ ˘
1513 en nam 1473 TCN, Moi-se a viet nam quyen au,
` ˆ ` ´ ´ ` `
va quyen au tien la Sang-the Ky. Ngi cuoi cung vi ˆ et
´ ` ˘ ˆ ´
´ ˆ
Kinh-thanh la Giang, mot s o cua Chua Gie-su. Ong

ˆ `
´ ˆ ´ ˆ
viet ve l ich s cuoc i cua Chua Gie-su (Phuc Am theo
˘ ˆ ´ ` ´
` ´
Giang), mot so la th ngan va sach Khai-huyen, la sach
` ´ ´
cuoi cung trong hau het cac cuon Kinh-thanh.

` ˘ ` ˆ
Trong khoang thi gian 1.500 nam t Moi-se en
˘ ´
` ´ ` ˆ
Giang, co khoang 40 ngi gop phan vao viec viet Kinh-
´ ` ˜ ` ` ˆ ˆ
thanh. Ho la nhng ngi thanh that, tan tuy muon
´ ` ´ ´ ´
giup ngi khac hoc biet ve Ðang Tao Hoa. Qua sach ho
´ ´ ˆ ´ ´
´
viet, chung ta co the hieu sau xa hn ve ca tınh cua Ðc
´ ` ` ´ ` ` ` ´
Chua Tri va biet cach lam ep long Ngai. Kinh-thanh
˜ ´ ´ ´ ` ` ˜
cung giup chung ta hieu tai sao s gian ac lan tran va se
´ ` ˜ ` ´
cham dt nh the nao. Nhng ngi viet Kinh-thanh
´ ` ` ` ˆ ˜ ´
cho thay trc thi ky ma nhan loai se song di s cai

´ ´ ` ˆ
ˆ
tr i trc tiep cua Ðc Chua Tri. Ho mo ta mot so ieu
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
104 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
ˆ ˆ ` ´ ` ´ ´
kien sinh song vo cung vui sng ˆ ma chung ta co the

ˆ
c hng (Thi-thien 37:10, 11; E-sai 2:2-4; 65:17-25;

Khai-huyen 21:3-5).
´ ˜ ˜ ` ´
Co le ban cung biet nhieu ngi coi Kinh-thanh nh
ˆ ´ ´ ˆ
mot quyen sach co xa, cha ng s khon ngoan cua

` ` ˆ ` ˆ ` ´
loai ngi. Tuy nhien, hang trieu ngi tin rang chınh
´ ´ ` ` ´
ˆ
´ `
Ðc Chua Tri la Tac Gia that cua Kinh-thanh va
` ˜ ´

`
Ngai a hng dan t tng cua ngi viet (2 Phi-e-
` ´ ´ ˜
r 1:20, 21). Lam sao ban co the xac inh nhng ieu
` ` ´ ˆ ` ` ´
ma ngi viet Kinh-thanh ghi xuong that s la t Ðc
´ `
Chua Tri?
´ ˆ ´ ` ˆ ` ´
Co mot so bang chng quy vao mot iem ma ban co
´ ` ´ ´ ´ ˆ ˜ `
the xem xet. Nhieu ngi co au oc ly luan a lam nh
ˆ ´ ˆ ´ ˆ
`
vay trc khi i en ket luan Kinh-thanh khong phai la
´
` ` ` ˆ
quyen sach cua loai ngi, nhng t mot nguon goc cao
ˆ ´
` ˆ
sieu hn. Chung ta chı can dung en mot loai bang
´ ´ ` ` ´ ´
chng e chng minh ieu nay. Lam the, chung ta co
ˆ ´
˜
the hoc them ve Ðang Tao Hoa cua vu tru, Nguon s

`
song cua con ngi.
˜ ` ˆ ´ ˜ ´ ˆ
Nh ng li tien oan a ng nghiem

` ´ ˜ ` ˆ
Nhieu ngi viet Kinh-thanh ghi lai nhng li tien
` ` ´ ´ ´
tri. Thay vı t cho la co the noi trc ve tng lai, ho
˘ ´ ´ ´
quy
ˆ nang lc o cho Ðang Tao Hoa. Chang han, chınh
´ ˆ ´ ´ ` ` ˜
E-sai xac nhan Ðc Chuaˆ Tri la Ðang “a rao s cuoi-
` ` ˆ
cung t buoi au-tien” (E-sai 1:1; 42:8, 9; 46:8-11). Kha

˘ ´ ´ ˜ ˜
nang noi trc ve nhng bien co se xay ra trong tng

` ` ˘ `
´ `
lai, t hang chuc nam hayˆ t nhieu the ky trc, lam
´ ´ `
` ˆ ˆ
cho Ðc Chua Tri cua E-sai la mot Ðang oc nhat
ˆ ` ˆ
` ˆ
vo nh i; Ngai khong phai nh hınh tng nhan gian
ˆ ` ` ˆ ` ´ ˜ `
xa nay ton sung. Li tien tri la bang chng ro rang
´

´ ˆ
` `
cho thay tac gia cua Kinh-thˆ anh khong phai la ngi.
´ ˜ ´ ´ ´ ˆ `
Chung ta hay xem xet sach E-sai xac inh s kien nay
`
nh the nao.
´ ` ´ ` ˆ ´
Ban
co the hoc
c
gı ve Ðang Tao
Hoa t mot
quyen sach? 105
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ´ ´ ˜ ˆ
So sanh noi dung sach E-sai vi cac d kien l ich s,

` ´ ` `
˘
ngi ta ˆ thay ˆ sach nay c viet vao khoang nam 732
˜ ´ ˆ ˆ `
TCN. E-sai tien tri tai hoa se giang tren dan c thanh
ˆ ` ´ ` ˆ ` ´ ` `
Gie-ru-sa-lem va nˆc Giu-a vı toi lam o mau va th
`
˜ ˆ ´ ˜
hınh tng cua ho. E-sai cung tien oan at ai se b i bo
` ˆ ` ` ˜
ˆ
hoang, thanh Gie-ru-sa-lem va en th se b i huy diet,
` ˜ ` ` ´ ˜ ˆ
va nhng ngi con ˆ song sot se b i bat sang Ba-by-lon
` ` ˜ ˆ ´ ´
lam phu tu. Nhng E-sai cung tien tri rang, Ðc Chua
` ˜ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ` ` ´ ´
Tri se khong quen dan toc b i lu ay nay. Sach ay noi
´ ˆ ` ´ ´ ˆ ` ˜
trc, mot v i vua t nc khac, ten la Si-ru, se chinh
ˆ `
´ ˆ ´

phuc Ba-by-lon va giai ph ˆ ong dan Do Thai e ho tr ve
ˆ ˆ ˆ ˜
´ ´ ` `
que hng. That vay, E-sai a ta Ðc Chua Tri la
´ ´ ` ` ˘ ˆ
Ðang “phan ve Si-ru rang: No la ngi chan chien cua

´ ˜ ` ˆ ` ˜ ´
ta; no se lam nen moi s ta ep long; lai cung phan ve
ˆ ´ ˜ ˆ ` ´
Gie-ru-sa-lem rang: No se c lap ˆ lai, va phan ve en-
` ˜ ˆ
th rang: Nen ngi se lai lap” (E-sai 2:8; 24:1; 39:5-7;
43:14; 44:24-28; 45:1).
` ` ˆ ´ ` `
´ ´ ˜
Vao thi E-sai, tc la vao the ky th tam TCN, nhng
` ˆ ˆ ´ ` `
`
li tien tri nh vay xem ra kho ma tin c vı thi
` ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
` ˆ `
iem nay, tham chı Ba-by-lon khong phai la mot cng
ˆ ´ ` ` ` ´
quoc quan s. X nay ´ van than phuc cng quoc thi o
`
´ ˆ ˆ ˆ ´
la Ðe Quoc A-si-ri. Y tng, theo o mot dan toc b i anh
` ` ˆ ´ ˆ ˜
bai, b i em i lam phu tu ni mot x xa xoi se c tha

ˆ `
ˆ ` ˆ ´
vˆ e nhan lai at ai, la ca mot ieu la lung kh ˆ ong kem.
˜ ˆ
E-sai viet: “Ai a he nghe mot s the nay?” (E-sai 66:8).
ˆ ´
˘
Tuy nhien, neu xem xet lai l ich s 200 nam sau
´ ´ `

ˆ ´
o, chung ta thay gı?ˆ L ich s cua dan Do Thai cho
` ˆ
´ ˆ `
thay li tien tri cua E-sai c ng nghiem tng chi
ˆ
ˆ ˜
ˆ ` ` ˜
tiet. Ba-by-lon qua that a tr nen hung manh va a

´ ˆ ˆ
´
huy pha Gie-ru-sa-lem. Ten cua vua nc Phe-s-r (Si-
ˆ
ˆ ˆ ˆ ´
ru), s chinh phuc Ba-by-lon cua ong, viec dan Do Thai

` ˆ ` ˜
hoi hng, tat ca eu c tha nhan la nhng s
ˆ
` ˆ ´ ˆ ´ ´
kien l ich s. Li tien tri c ng nghiem chınh xac
` ˆ
˜ ` ˆ
tng chi tiet, en o trong the ky 19, nhng nha phe
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
106 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
` ´ ´ ˆ ` ˆ ` `
bınh Kinh-thanh cho rang, sach E-sai la mot tro la
´ ´ ˆ ˜ ˜
b ip; trong thc te, ho noi: ‘Co the E-sai a viet nhng
` ` ` ˜ `
chng au, nhng vao thi Vua Si-ru, thı nhng ngi
` ˜ ´ ` `
viet sau nay a nguy tao phan sach con lai e lam ra ve
` ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ ` ` ` ´ ´
la mot sach tien tri’. Mot vai ngi nao o co the gat bo

´ ´ ˆ
´ `
` ˆ ˆ
tınh cach tien tri cua sach va cho ay chı la s theu det

` ` ˆ ˆ `
cua ngi ta ma thoi, nhng s that thı sao?
˘ ´ ` ´ ` ˆ ´ ˆ
Phai chang o la cac li tien oan that?

´ ` ˆ ´ ´ ˆ ˆ
´
Cac li tien oan trong sach E-sai khong chı gii han
´ ˆ ˆ ` ˆ ´
trong cacˆ bien co lien he en Si-ru va dan Do Thai b i
` ˜ ˆ ˆ `
lu ay. E-sai cung tien tri ve so phan cuoi cung cua Ba-
ˆ ` ´
ˆ ˜
by-lon, va sach cua ong cung cung cap nhieu chi tiet ve
ˆ ˘
´ ˜ ` ` ˜
ang Me-si hoac Ðang Giai Cu se en, va ang nay se

` ´ ´
phai ch iu au kho va roi c vinh hien. Chung ta co
` ´ ` ˜ ` ˆ ´
the nao chng minh c la nhng li tien oan nh
ˆ ˜ ´ ` ˆ ` ´ ` ˜ ` ˆ
vay a c viet trc t lau va do o la nhng li tien
´ ˆ ˆ
tri c ng nghiem khong?
´ ˜ ´ ` ˆ ˆ
Chung ta hay xem xet iem nay. E-sai viet ve so phan
`
ˆ ˆ ` ´
sau cung cua Ba-by-lon: “Ba-by-lon, la s vinh-hien cac
´ ˜
` ˆ ` ˆ ˜
nc, s hoa-mı cua long kieu-ngao ngi Canh-e, se
ˆ ˆ ` ˆ ˆ ` ´ ´ ` ˜
giong nh So-om va Go-mo-r ma Ðc Chua Tri a
ˆ ´ ˜ ´ `
˜
`
lat-
o. No se chang he coˆ ngi na, trai i no sang
` ˆ
´ ´
i kia khong ai o” (E-sai 13:19, 20; chng 47). Cac
ˆ ` ˜ `
s viec nay a thc s dien tien nh the nao?
` ˆ ´ ˆ ` ˆ ` ˆ ˆ ˆ
T lau, x Ba-by-lon tuy thuoc vao mot he thong ap
` ˆ ` ´ ´ ˜ ´ ˆ
va kenh ao dan nc phc tap gia cac song Tigris
` ´ `
˘ ` ˆ
va -ph-rat. Vao khoang nam 140 TCN, hınh nh he
` ` ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
thong nay b i h hai va sap o khi x Bat-th e xam
` ´
` ˆ
` `
chiem va pha huy vung Ba-by-lon. Ket qua la gı? Cuon

´
The Encyclopedia Americana giai thıch: “Ðat ay muoi
´ ` ˆ ´ ´ ´ ˆ ˘
khoang chat va mot lp chat kiem cng ong tren mat
ˆ `
at khien cho khong the cay cay c”. Khoang 200
˘ ´ ˆ ` ` ˆ ` ˆ
nam sau o, Ba-by-lon van con la mot thanh pho ong
´ ` ´ ` ˆ ´
Ban
co the hoc
c
gı ve Ðang Tao
Hoa t mot
quyen sach? 107
` ´ ˆ ` ˆ `
Hang the ky sau khi Kinh-thanh tien tri, cng quoc Ba-by-lon tr thanh
ˆ ` ` ´ `
mot ni hoang t an, van con lai
t i ng ay nay
ˆ ˆ ´ ` ˆ ´
dan nhng khong keo dai c bao lau. (So sanh 1 Phi-
`
´
e-r 5:13). Vao the ky th ba CN, s gia Dio Cassius

˘
ˆ ´ ˘
(khoang nam 150-235 CN) ta lai mot du khach tham
ˆ ` ` ` ˜ `
vieng Ba-by-lon chang con thay gı ngoai nhng “go at,
´ ` ´ ` ´ ´ ´
a va di tıch hoang ˆ tan” (LXVIII, 30). Ðieu ang chu y
` ` ´ ` ˜ ` ˆ ` ` ˆ ´
la vao luc nay, E-sai a chet t lau va toan bo cuon sach

ˆ ˜ ` ` `

cua ong a c lu hanh t hang nhieu the ky roi. Neu
ˆ ` ˜ ˆ `
tham quan Ba-by-lon ngay nay, ban se thay mot so tan
´
ˆ ` ˆ ` ` ˘
tıch cua mot thanh pho mot thi cng th inh. Mac dau
˜ ` ˆ ˆ `
nhng thanh pho co xa nh Ro-ma, Gie-ru-sa-lem va
ˆ ` ` ´ `
A-then van con ton tai cho en thi chung ta ngay nay,
` ˆ
` ˆ ´ `
con Ba-by-lon lai tr thanh hoang vu, khong coˆ ngi ,

ˆ ˆ ` ´ ` ˆ
`
mot ni ieu tan, ung nh li tien tri cua E-sai. Li
ˆ ´ ˜ ` ˆ
tien oan a thanh s that.
ˆ ` ´ ˆ ´ ´ ` ` ˆ

ˆ B ay gi ch ung ta t ap trung s chˆ u y vao li mo ta cua

ˆ ˜ ` ˆ
E-sai ve ang Me-si se en. Theo E-sai 52:13, ngi toi
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
108 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
´ ˘ ˆ `
´ ´ ` ` ˜ ˆ ˆ
t ac biet nay cua Ðc Chua Tri cuoi cung ‘se ton len, ˆ
ˆ ` ˆ
day len, va rat cao-trong’. Tuy nhien, chng ke tiep (E-
ˆ ` ´ ˆ
sai 53) lai tien tri la trc khi c cao trong, ang Me-

ˆ ˆ ` ` ´
si phai trai qua mot kinh nghiem hoan toan khac han.
˜ ` ˜
Ban se thay la lung ve nhng chi tiet c ghi lai trong
` ` ` ` `
chng nay la chng c rat nhieu ngi coi la li
ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
tien tri noi rieng ve ang Me-si.
´
´ ˆ ˜
Nh ban co the oc thay chng o, ang Me-si se
` ` ` ˜
b i ngi ong ˆ hng khinh d˜ e. V ı tin chac ieu nay se

ˆ
` ˜
xay ra nen E-sai viet nh a xay ra roi: “Ngi a b i
` ` ´
ˆ ˜
ngi ta khinh-de va chan-bo” (Cau 3). S ngc ai
` ` ` ˆ ` ˆ
`
nay hoan toan bat cong vı ang Me-si chı lam ieu tot
` ` ˆ ˆ ˆ ˜ ˆ ˜
cho ng ˆ i ta m a thoi. Viec ang Me-si cha benh cung
ˆ

ˆ ` ˜
c E-sai mo ta cau so 4, “ngi a mang s au-om

´ ˜ ` ˆ
cua chung ta”. Bat ke nhng ieu nay, ang Me-si van
´
` ´ ˆ ´ ˆ ` ˜
b i xet x va ket an mot cach bat cong trong khi ngai gi
˘ ´ ´
ˆ ˆ ` ˆ `
im lang trc cac ke buoc toi ngai (Cau 7, 8). Ngai e
` ` ´ ˜ ˆ ˆ
cho ngi ta bat em i giet cung vi nhng toi nhan
` ´ ` ˆ ` ˆ ` ˆ
va trong luc hanh quyet, ho am vao than the ngai (Cau
` ˆ
ˆ ` ˆ
5, 12). Du chet giong nh mot t ˆ toi, ngai c chon cat
ˆ ` ` ˆ ˜ ˘ ˘ `
nh mot ngi giau (Cau 9). E-sai a lap i lap lai la
´ ˆ
ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
cai chet bat cong cua ang Me-si co quyen lc chuoc toi
ˆ
(Cau 5, 8, 11, 12).

˜ ` ˜ ` ˆ
Tat ca nhng ieu nay a thanh s that. L ich s

˜ ` ` ` ´ ´ ˆ
c nhng ngi cung thi vi Chua Gie-su—Ma-
´ ` ˘ ´
thi-, Mac, Lu-caˆ va Giang—ghi lai, chng thc rang
˜ ` ˆ ˜
ˆ `
nhng ieu ma E-sai tien tri a xay ra. Mot vai bien co
´
´ ˆ

trong so o xay ra sau khi Chua Gie-su chet, bi the,
` ˆ ` ´ ´ ˘ ˆ
ngai khong the dung manh li e sap at s viec c
˘
(Ma-thi- 8:16, 17; 26:67; 27:14, 39-44, 57-60; Giangˆ 19:
´ ˆ ` ˆ
1, 34). S ng nghiem tron ven li tien tri cua E-sai

ˆ ´

˜ ˆ ´ ˜
ve ang Me-si co anh hng manh liet oi vi nhng
` ´ ´ ` ` ˆ
ngi oc Kinh-thanh vi long thanh that, trai qua

´ ´ ˜ ` ` ´ ˆ
nhieu the ky, trong o co nhng ngi ma trc ay
´ ` ´ ` ˆ ´
Ban
co the hoc
c
gı ve Ðang Tao
Hoa t mot
quyen sach? 109
ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ
khong chap nhan Chua Gie-su. Hoc gia William Urwick

ˆ ` ´ ´
ghi nhan: “Rat nhieu ngi Do Thai khi viet ra ly do
` ˆ
khien ho oi sang ao ang ˆ Christ, eu thˆ a nh an rang
˜ ` ` ´
khi oc ky chng nay [E-sai 53], ho khong con tin cac
` ´ ´ ˜ ˜
thay Ra-bi va cac giao ieu cu na” (The Servant of
Jehovah).1 ˆ ˜ ` ˆ ˆ `
´
Ong Urwick a bınh luan nh vay vao cuoi the ky th
` ` ` ` ˆ ` `
19, va vao thˆ i iem nay, mot so ngi van con ho nghi,
ˆ ´ `
khong biet E-sai chng 53 co c viet hang nhieu the

´ ´ ˆ ˆ ˆ
ky trc khi Chua Gie-su sinh ra khong. Tuy nhien,
˜ ´ ´ ` ´ ˜ ´ `
nhng kham pha t o en nay a xoa tan moi moi ng
˘ ˆ ` ˘ ˆ
vc. Nam 1947, mot ngi chan ˆ chien Bedouin gan Bien
` ` ˆ ´ ´ ˆ
Chet tım thay toan cuon sach E-sai rat co. Cac chuyen
ˆ
´ ˘
ˆ ´ `
vien khao cu van ban co cho rang cuon sach nay c
`
` ˘ ` ˘
viet vao khoang t nam 125 en 100 TCN. Roi vao nam
ˆ ˆ ˆ ´ ´
1990, mot cuoc phan tıch bang phng phap ong v i
´ ´ ˆ
ˆ ´ ` ` `
phong xa xac inh nien ai cua cuon sach nay la vao

˘ ´ ˆ ˆ ´
kho
ˆ ang nam 202 en 107 TCN. Ðung vay, cuon sach
` ˜ ´ ˆ ´ ´
E-sai noi tieng nay a c viet kha lau trc khi Chua
ˆ ´ ´ ` ´ ´
Gie-su sinh ra. So sanh cuon sach nay vi cac quyen
´ ´ ˆ ´ `
sach Kinh-thanh hien ai, chung ta thay gı?
˘ ˆ ´
Neu ban tham vieng Gie-ru-sa-lem, ban co the ngam
´

˜ ˆ ´ `
cac manh nho cua nhng cuon Kinh-thanh tım thay

` ˆ
´ ´
vung Bien Chet. Trong mot ban ghi chˆ u, giao s khao

´ ` ´ ´
co hoc Yigael Yadin giai thıch: “T luc E-sai noi cho en
ˆ ´ ` ´ `
´
khi cuon sach nay c sao chep vao the ky th 2 TCN,
´ ` ˘ ´ ˘ ˘ ˘
cach nhau nhieu nhat la nam hay sau tram nam. Mac
` ˆ ´ ˆ
ˆ ˆ
du cuon sach nguyen thuy hien nay nam trong vien bao
` ´ ˆ ˘
tang c viet cach ay hn 2.000 nam, nhng ieu
ˆ ˆ ` ´ ˆ ´ ` `
tuyet dieu la no giong y het Kinh-thanh ma ngay nay
´ ´ ˘ ˆ ˘
chung ta co hoac trong tieng He-b-r hoac trong ban

`
ˆ
d ich t ban nguyen thuy”.

´ ˆ ´ ´ ` ˆ
´1 So s anh Cong-vu cac S-o 8:26-38, ni ma E-sai 53:7, 8 c

trıch dan.
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
110 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
ˆ ´ ˆ ` ´ ` ´ `
Cuon
sach E-sai nay, chep vao the ky th hai TCN, c tım thay
ˆ ´ ´ ˆ ˜
trong mot `cai hang gan Bien Chet. Sach tien tri t ı mı nhng bien co
˜ ˘ ˘
se xay ra hang tram nam sau
ˆ ` ˆ

Hien nhien ieu nay nen anh hng en quan iem

´ ˆ ` ˆ ´
cua chung ta. Vˆ e viec gı? Ve viec xoa tan moi nghi van
´ ´ ˜
cho rang sach E-sai c viet sau khi cac bien co a xay
` ` ´ ˆ ˆ ´ ´
ra, va nguy tao la sach tien tri. Hien nay,ˆ co bang chng
´ ˆ ˆ
´ ´
khoa hoc xac nhan mot ban sao sach E-sai c chep
˘ ´ ´ ˆ ` ˆ
hn 100 nam trc khi Chua Gie-su sinh ra va rat lau
´ ˆ
ˆ ˆ `
trc khi Ba-by-lon tr nen hoang vu.ˆ Nh vay, lam sao
` ` ` ˆ
´ ˆ ´
con nghi ng li tien tri cua sach E-sai tien oan so
ˆ `
ˆ ˜ ˜ `
phan sau cung cua Ba-by-lon cung nh nhng gı ang
ˆ

´ ´ `
Me-si phai trai qua: s au n, cach chet, va s oi x

ˆ ´ ˜ ˆ
˜
´ ´
bat cong? Cac d kien l ich s cung loai bo bat c ly
` ` ˆ ` ` ˆ ´
do nao, ma mot ngi da vao e tranh luan ve tınh
´ ` ´ ` ˆ ´
Ban
co the hoc
c
gı ve Ðang Tao
Hoa t mot
quyen sach? 111
´ ´ ´
` ˆ
ˆ ˆ ˆ
cach chınh xac cua li tien tri cua E-sai ve viec dan Do
´ ` ` `
`
Thai b i bat i lam phu tu, va c tra t do t Ba-by-
ˆ ˜ ˆ ´ ´ ˆ
`
lon. Nhng tien oan c ng nghiem nh the chı la
ˆ ´ ´
ˆ
mot trong nhieu bang chng cho thay Tac Gia that cua
´ ` ´ ` ´ `
Kinh-thanh la Ðang Tao Hoa va Kinh-thanh la “bi

´ ´ ` ˆ ˆ
Ðc Chua Tri soi-dan” (2 Ti-mo-the 3:16).
´ ´ ´ ´ ´
Co rat nhieu bang chng khac cho thay Ðc Chua
` ` ´

´ ´
Tri la tac gia cua Kinh-thanh. Chang han, s chınh
´
´ ˆ ˘ ` ˆ
xac cua Kinh-thanh ve thien van, ia chat va y hoc; noi
`
´ ˘ ` `
dung hoa hp cua Kinh-thanh mac du do nhieu ngi
ˆ
` ` ` ˘ `
viet trong mot khoang thi gian hang ngan nam; s hoa
´ ˜ ˆ
`
`

hp vi nhieu d kien cua nganh khao co va l ich s the
´ ´
´
tuc; cac quy tac ao c troi hn han quy tac cua cac
ˆ ˆ ` ` ´ ˆ ˆ
dan toc chung quanh song cung thi vi dan Y-s-ra-en
` ˆ ` ˆ ˆ ` ˆ ˜ ´
va hien con c cong nhan la vo song. Nhng bang c
` ` ´ ˆ ´ ´ ˜
nay cung vi vo so bang chng khac a thuyet phuc
ˆ ˆ ` ˆ ˘ ` ´ `
c khong biet bao nhieu ngi sieng nang va co long
` ˆ ˆ ´ ´ ˆ ` ´
thanh that; ho nhan Kinh-thanh ung that la sach en
` ´
t Ðang Tao Hoa.1
` ˜ ´ ´ ´ ´
Ðieu nay cung co the giup chung ta rut tıa c

˜ ˆ ´ ´ ´ ´
nhng ket luan gia tr i ve Ðang Tao Hoa—giup chung
´ ´ ´
`
˘
ta thay c cac c tınh cua Ngai. Phai chang kha

˘ ` ´
` ` ´ `
nang nhın thay trc cua Ngai lam chng rang Ngai
´
˘ ˆ ` ´ ´ ` `
co kha nang sieu pham vt qua sc loai ngi? Con
` ˆ ˜ ˆ ` ˜
ngi khong nhng khong biet ieu gı se xay ra trong

` ˜ ´ ` ´
tng lai ma ho cung chang co the leo lai c tng
˜ ´ ´ ` `
lai na. Nhng Ðang Tao Hoa co the lam c. Ngai
` ´ ` ´ ` ´ ˘
va co the nhın thay trc tng lai va co the ˆsap at
´ ´
` ˆ ˜
cac bien co e y muon cua Ngai c thc hien. E-sai a
ˆ
ˆ ´ ´ ´ ` ˜
mo ta mot cach thıch hp ve Ðang Tao Hoa la Ðang “a
ˆ ´
1 Ðe biet them chi tiet ve nguon goc cuon Kinh-thanh, xin xem
´
´ ˆ ˆ ` ´ ´ ` ´
sach mong Cuon sach cho muon dan va sach Kinh-thanh—Li Ðc
´ ` ` ` `
Chua Tri hay li loai ngi?, do Watchtower Bible and Tract

Society of New York, Inc. xuat ban.

´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
112 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
` ` ˆ ` ˜ ´ `
rao s cuoi-cung t buoi au-tien, va a noi t thu xa

˜ ` ˆ ` ´
nhng s cha lam nen. [Ngai] phan rang: mu ˆ cua ta

˜ ˆ ` ˜ ` ´
se lap,
va ta se lam ra moi s ta ep y” (E-sai 46:10;
55:11).
´ ˜
Biet Tac Gia ro hn
´ ` ´ ˆ ` ˆ ´ ˆ
Chung ta lam quen vi mot ngi qua viec noi chuyen
´ ` ´
´ `
vi ho va bang cach xem ho phan ng the nao trong
˜ `
´
´ ` ´
nhng hoan canh khac nhau. Ca hai cach nay giup
´ ` ´ ˆ ` ˆ
chung ta biet ve ngi khac, vay con viec biet Ðang
´ ` ´ ˆ ´ ˆ
Tao Hoa thı sao? Chung ta khong the noi chuyen trc
´ ` ` ˆ ´ ˜ ´ ˆ `
tiep vi Ngai. Du vay, nh chung ta a xac nhan, Ngai
` ´
cho biet rat nhieu ve Ngai trong cuon Kinh-thanh—qua
˜ ` ` ´ ` ´ ` ` ˆ
nhng li Ngai noi cung cach Ngai hanh ong. Hn
˜ ´ ˆ ˆ ` ` ´
na, quyen sach oc nhat vo nh i nay mi chung ta vun
ˆ ˆ ´ ´ ´
trong mot moi lien lac vi Ðang Tao Hoa. Kinh-thanh
ˆ ´ ˜ ´ ´ ` ` `
keu goi chung ta: “Hay en gan Ðc Chua Tri, thı Ngai
˜
se en gan anh em” (Gia-c 2:23; 4:8).
˜ ´ ˆ ´ `
Hay xem xet mot bc quan trong: Neu muon la ban

ˆ ` ` ´ ´ ˆ
cua mot ngi nao o, han chung ta muon biet ten ho.
ˆ ` ˆ
´ ` ` ` ˆ
`
Vay thı ten cua Ðang Tao Hoa la gı? va ten cua Ngai
´ ` `
cho chung ta biet gı ve Ngai?
´ ˆ `
Phan Kinh-thanh bang tieng He-b-r (thng c
` ´ ´ ˆ ˆ

goi la Cu c) cho chung ta biet ten rieng cua Ðang
´ ´

´
Tao Hoa. Trong cac ban thao co, danh o c viet bang
ˆ ˆ ` ˆ
bon phu am tieng He-b-r va c chuyen ra ngon
˜ ` ` ˘

ng ngay nay la YHWH hoac JHVH. Danh cua Ðang
´ ˆ ˆ ´
Tao Hoa xuat hien gan 7.000 lan, nhieu gap boi tc
ˆ ´ ´ ` ´
hieu nh Ðc Chua Tri hay Chua. Qua nhieu the ky,

˜ ` ´ ˆ
nhng ngi oc Kinh-thanh phan tieng He-b-r eu
˜ ` ˆ ˆ ` ˆ ´ ` `
a dung ten rieng ay. Du vay, vi thi gian, nhieu ngi
´
˜ ´ ´ ´ ˆ
Do Thai nay sinh s s hai co tınh cach d i oan, khong
´ ´ ˆ
´ ´ ` ` ` ˆ
dam phat am danh cua Ðc Chua Tri va vı vay, ho
ˆ `
´ ´ ˆ ´ ´ ˜
khong con bao ton cach phat am danh thanh o na.
´ ` ´ ` ˆ ´
Ban
co the hoc
c
gı ve Ðang Tao
Hoa t mot
quyen sach? 113
ˆ ` ` ˆ ` ´ ´
ˆ M´ ot nha bınh luan
ˆ ´ ˆ
ngi Do Thai ve sach Xuat
´ ` ´ ´ ˆ
E-dıp-to Ky ghi nhan: “Vi thi gian cach phat am
ˆ
´ ˆ
nguyen thuy bien mat; cac no lc hien ai nham phuc
´ ´ ˆ
` ˜ ´
hoi cach phat am phai da vao nhng bang chng
´
` ˆ ´
khiem khuyet”. Chung ta phai tha nhan rang chung
ˆ ˆ ˜ ´ ˆ
ta khong the biet chac chan Moi-se a phat am danh

´ ´ ` ` ´ ˆ
cua Ðc Ch ua Tri nh the nao, khi danh o xuat hien
ˆ ´ ˆ ´ ` ˆ ` ˆ
ni Xuat E-dıp-to Ky 3:16 va 6:3. Tuy nhien, thanh that
` ´ ´ ` ˆ
´ ˆ ˆ ˆ
ma noi, co ai ngay nay buoc phai phat am ten Moi-se
ˆ ´ ˆ ` ˜ ˆ ` `
hay Gie-su ung nh am va ng ieu vao thi cua ho

ˆ ˆ ` ´ ˆ ´ `
khong? Vay ma chung ta au co ngan ngai dung en
ˆ ˆ ` ˆ
` ` ´
ten Moi-se hay la Gie-su. Ðiem chu yeu la thay vı qua
ˆ ´ ´ ˆ ´ ´ `
quan tam en cach phat am danh Ðc Chua Tri cua

ˆ ˆ ˆ ´ ´ ` ` ˆ
mot dan toc noi tieng khac vao thi xa, tai sao khong
` ´ ´ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˜
dung cach phat am thong dung trong ngon ng cua

´ ˆ ˆ ˜ `
chung ta? Chang han, danh “Gie-ho-va” a c dung
ˆ
˘ ˘ `
trong tieng Viet Nam ca tram nam nay va trong tieng
` ˆ `
Anh, danh ay van c nhieu ngi nhan la danh cua

´
Ðang Tao Hoa.
´
ˆ ´ ˆ ´ `
Nhng co ieu quan trong hn ca viec phat am. Ðo la
´ ˜
´ ˆ
y nghıa cua danh o. Trong tieng He-b-r, danh ay
` ˆ ˘ ˆ
ˆ ` ´ ˜
la mot the can nguyen cua ong t ha·wah1, co nghıa
`
ˆ ˘ ´
` ´ ´
la “tr nen” hoac “chng to la” (Sang-the Ky 27:29;
´
Truyen-ao 11:3). Sach The Oxford Companion to the
˜
` `
Bible cho biet nghıa cua danh ay la “ ‘Ðang lam cho’
˘ ˜ ` ` ´ ´ ´ ´
hoac ‘se lam cho thanh tu’ ”. Do o, chung ta co the noi
ˆ
´ ´ ˜ `
rang danh rieng cua Ðang Tao Hoa co nghıa en la
` ` ˜ ´ ` `
“Ðang lam cho thanh tu”. Cung can lu y la danh nay
ˆ ˆ
´ `
khong nhan manh en hoat ong cua Ðang Tao Hoa vao
` ˆ ` ` ˜ ` `
thi xa xa nh mot vai ngi nghı khi dung t “Ðang
` ` ˆ ˆ
lam thanh au tien”. Tai sao vay?
`
´ ´ ` ´ ˜ `
Tai vı danh cua Ðc Chua Tri gan lien vi nhng gı
` ´ ´ ´ ` ˆ ´ ˆ `
ma Ðang Tao Hoa co y inh lam. That ra, cac ong t
ˆ
´ ` ` ` ˆ ˆ
He-b-r chı co hai thı, va thı lien he en danh cua
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
114 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
´ ` ˆ ` `
Ðang Tao Hoa “bieu th i hanh ong nh la tien trınh
´ ´ ˆ

ˆ
ˆ
phat trien. No khong chı dien ta s lien tuc cua mot
` ˆ ` ´
` ˆ ´
hanh ong... nhng la s phat trien cua hanh ong o
` ´ ´ `
t luc khi s cho en luc hoan tat” (A Short Account of
´ ˆ
` ´
the Hebrew Tenses). Ðung vay, qua danh cua Ngai, Ðc
ˆ ˆ ` ` ´ ˆ
Gie-ho-va cho thay Ngai la Ðang tıch cc trong viec
` ` ´
` ´ ´
hoan thanh y inh cua Ngai. Do o, chung ta hoc c
ˆ ` ` ´ ` ` ` ˆ `
mot ieu la Ngai c t t hanh ong e roi Ngai tr

` ` ´ ` ´ ˆ
thanh Ðang lam cho cac li ha c nen tron. Khi biet
´ ˆ ˆ ´ ´
` ´
Ðang Tao Hoa luon luon a cac y inh cua Ngai ti
` ˆ ˜ ˜ `

cho thanh cong my man, nhieu ngi cam thay thoa da

` ˆ `
va yen long.
ˆ ` ˆ
Muc
tieu cua Ngai—Muc
tieu cua ban

´ ´ ` ´ ˆ ˆ
Trong khi danh cua Ðc Chua Tri noi len muc tieu,
` ˆ ˆ ˆ
nhieu ngi lai khong sao thay c muc tieu s hien
˜
´ ´ ` ` ˆ
hu cua chınh ho. Ho quan sat thay loai ngi lam
`

`

´ `
vao het khung hoang nay en khung hoang khac—nao
ˆ ˆ ` ´ ` ˆ ´
chien tranh, thien tai, d ich le, ngheo oi va toi ac. Ngay

˜ ` ˆ ˜

ca nhng ngi may man khong b i nhng khung hoang

´

˜ ` `
o anh hng en, cung thng nghi ng ve tng lai
` ´ ˜
`
va y nghıa cua i song.
´ ` ˆ ˆ ˆ ˜
Kinh-thanh bınh luan nh sau: “Muon vat a b i bat
ˆ
´ ` ` `
phuc s h-khong, chang phai t y mınh, ben la bi

´ ˆ ˆ ` ˜ ˜
c Ðang bat phuc. Muon vat mong rang mınh cung se

´ ˘
c giai-cu... ang d phan trong s t-do vinh-hien

´ ´ ´ ` ˆ `
cua con-cai Ðc Chua Tri” (Ro-ma 8:20, 21). S tng
ˆ ´ ´ ` ˜ ˆ `
thuat trong Sang-the Ky cho thay con ngi a mot thi
´ ` ˆ ´ ´
`
co hoa thuan vi Ðang Tao Hoa cua ho. Vı hanh kiem
ˆ ´ ´ ` ˜ ` ` ˆ ˆ
xau nen Ðc Chua Tri a e con ngi lam toi mot
` ´ ˆ ´ ´ ˜
tınh trang, trong o tuyet vong phat sinh. Chung ta hay
` ` ´ ´
xem ieu nay dien tien nh the nao, no cho chung ta
` ´ ´ ` ` ´ ´ ` `
thay gı ve Ðc Chua Tri, va chung ta co the ky vong gı

ve tng lai.
´ ` ´ ` ˆ ´
Ban
co the hoc
c
gı ve Ðang Tao
Hoa t mot
quyen sach? 115
´ `
La th nay

viet bang tieng
ˆ ˆ
He-b-r co tren
ˆ
mot manh gom
` ˆ
c ao len tai

Lachish. Danh cua
´ ´ `
Ðc Chua Tri (xin
˜ ˆ
xem mui ten) xuat
ˆ
hien hai lan, cho

thay danh cua
´
Ðang Tao Hoa
`
c nhieu ngi
` `
biet va dung en

´ ˆ ´ ´ ´
Theo l ich s ang tin cay chep trong sachˆ o, hai
` ˆ ˆ ` `
ngi au tien c dng nen la A-am va E-va. Ho
ˆ
˘ ` ˆ ´ ´
khong b i bo mac, t mo mam khong co inh hng hay

ˆ ˆ ´
´ ´ `
s chı dan lien he en y muon cua Ðc Chua Tri. Thay
` ´ ` ` ` ` ´ ˆ
vı the, nh bat c ngi cha loai ngi nao co yeu
` ˆ ´ `
thng va biet quan tam en con cai mınh, Ðang Tao
´ ˜ ˜
˜ ´ `
Hoa a ban cho ho nhng s chı dan hu ıch. Ngai bao

˜
ˆ `
ho: “Hay sanh-san, them nhieu, lam cho ay-day at;
˜ ` ` ˜
` ´ ´
hay lam cho at phuc-t ung, hay quan-tr i loai ca di
` ˆ ` ` ´ ˆ ` ˆ
bien, loai chim tren tri cung cac vat song hanh-ong
ˆ ˘ ´ ´
tren mat at” (Sang-the Ky 1:28).
´ ` ˆ ´ ˆ ´ ˜
Do o, hai ngi au tien co muc tieu ay y nghıa
ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ `
trong cuoc song. Muc tieu ay bao gom viec trong coi tınh
´
´ ` `
trang sinh thai cua trai at va lam cho at ay ˆ day
˜ ` ´ ´ ˆ ´
nhng ngi co tinh than trach nhiem. (So sanh E-sai
ˆ ´ ´ ´ ´
11:9). Khong ai co ly do chınh ang e o loi cho Ðang
´ ˆ ˆ
` ´
Tao Hoa ve hien trang o nhiem cua hanh tinh trai at,
` ˜ ´ ` ` ´
nh the Ngai a cho phep con ngi lam dung va pha
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
116 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
´ ` ` ` ˆ ´ ˜ `
hoai trai at. T ‘lam cho phuc-t ung’ khong co nghıa la

` ˜ ` ` ´ ˆ
c t do s dung ba bai. T ay bao ham trach nhiem
` ˘ ´ ` ´ ´
khai khan va cham soc hanh tinh trai at c giao pho
` ˆ ´ ´ ˜
cho con ngi trong nom (Sang-the Ky 2:15). Hn na,
` ˆ ` ˆ ˆ ˆ ´
ho con tng lai lau dai e thc hien cong viec ay y
˜ ´ ˆ
` ´
nghıa o. Trien vong khong phai chet phu hp vi s
ˆ ` ˆ ´ ` ´
˘
˘
kien la bo oc con ngi co kha nang vt xa kha nang
` ˆ ` ` ˆ ´ ´ `
ma cuoc i dai 70, 80, tham chı 100 tuoi co the dung
ˆ ´ ` ˆ ˆ
en. Bo oc c tao ra e dung en vo tan.
` ´ `
´ ˆ
`
La Ðang sang tao va cai quan cac tao vat cua Ngai,
ˆ ˆ ´ ´ ` `
Gie-ho-va Ðc Chua Tri cho con ngi c quyen t
´
` ´ ´ ` `
do e thc thi y inh cua Ngai oi vi trai at va loai
` ` ˆ `
´ ´ ˜ ˆ
ngi. Ngai khong oi hoi qua ang cung khong han
´ ` ` ˆ
che phi ly. Chang han, Ngai cho A-am ieu ma mot
` ˆ ˆ ´ ´ ´ ` ˆ ˆ ˆ ´
nha ong vat hoc thıch thu—o la cong viec nghien cu
` ˘ ˆ ´ ´ ˆ ´ ´ ´ ˘
va at ten cho cac thu vat. Sau khi quan sat cac net ac
`
´ ´ ˆ ˘ ˆ
thu cua cac thu vat, A-am at ten cho moi loai. Nhieu
ˆ ´ ´ ˜ ˆ ´ ´ ˆ
`
ten co y nghıa song ong (Sang-the Ky 2:19). Ðay chı la
ˆ ´ ` ´
mot trong nhieu thı du cho thay con ngi co the s

` ˘
` ´ ´
´ ´
dung tai nang cua ho phu hp vi y inh cua Ðc Chua
`
Tri.
´ ´ ˆ
Ban co the hieu rang Ðang Tao Hoa khon ngoan cua
` ˜ ´ ` ˜ ` ˆ
toan vu tru co the de dang nam vng moi tınh the tren
´
` `
trai at, ngay ca trng hp con ngi chon theo con
` ˆ ` ˆ ´ ´ ´
ng tai hai hay dai dot. S tng thuat co tınh cach

´ ` ´ ´ `
l ich s cho chung ta biet la Ðc Chua Tri chı ban cho

´ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˘
A-am co mot menh lenh: “Ngi c t-do an hoa-

´ ´ ˆ ` ˆ
qua cac th cay trong vn; nhng ve cay biet ieu
ˆ ` ´ ` ´ ˘ ` ˆ ˘
thien va ieu ac thı ch he an en; vı mot mai ngi an,
˜ ´ ´
chac se chet” (Sang-the Ky 2:16, 17).
ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ `
` ˆ ` ´
Menh lenh o buoc con ngi phai tha nhan la Ðc
´ ` ´ `

ˆ
Chua Tri co quyen oi hoi ho phai vang phuc. Con
` ` ` ` ´

ngi t thi A-am en thi chung ta eu phai chap
ˆ ˆ ` ` ´ ˆ ´
nhan luat ve trong lc va song phu hp vi luat o;
´ ` ´ ` ˆ ´
Ban
co the hoc
c
gı ve Ðang Tao
Hoa t mot
quyen sach? 117
ˆ ˜ ` ˆ `
neu khong, se la dai dot va
ˆ
b i ton th
ng. Vay tai sao
` ` ˆ
con ng
i lai t choi khong
` ´ ˆ
song phu h
p v
i luat hay
ˆ ˆ ´ `
menh lenh khac ma Ðang
´ ˆ
Tao H oa, Ðang h ao tam,
´ ˜
ban cho? Ðang Tao Hoa a
´ ˜ ˆ ˆ
noi ro hau qua neu bat tuan
ˆ ` ` ` ˜
luat cua Ngai, va Ng ai cung
˜ ` ˆ
a cho A-am va E-va
c
ˆ ` `
t do chon vang l
i Ngai
ˆ `
hay khong. Qua s t
ng
ˆ
thuat ve l ich s ban au ˆ ˆ
` ´ ´ Isaac Newton lap ra inh luat ve
cua con ng
i, chung ta co tr ong
l c. Lu at
ˆ
c ua

Ð ang

T ao
ˆ ´ ` ´ ´ ` `
the thay mot cach de dang Hoa h p ly va khi lam theo,
ˆ ´ ´ ` ´
chung ta c l i ıch
´
viec Ðc Chua Tr
i cho con
` ´ ´ ˆ ` ˆ
ng
i y chı t do. Tuy nhien, Ngai muon tao vat cua
` ´ ˆ ˆ
Ngai
c hanh phuc toi a, mot ket qua
ng nhien
ˆ ˆ ` `
neu song theo luat le tot lanh cua Ngai.
ˆ ´ ´
Trong mot ch
ng tr
c, chung ta
c biet Ðang
´ ˜ ˆ ˜ ˆ ˆ ˆ
Tao Hoa cung dng nen nhng tao vat thong minh vo
` ´ ` ´ ˆ
hınh—o la cac tao vat than linh. L ich s ban au cua
` ˆ ˆ ˜ ` ˆ
con ng
i tiet lo mot trong nhng than linh nay nuoi
˜ ´ ´ ´ `
d
ng y tˆ
ng chiem oat ia v i cua Ðc Chua Tr
i.
´ ˆ ˆ ˜
(So sanh E-xe-chi-en 28:13-15). Than linh ay a lam
´ ´ ` ´ ´ ` ˜
dung y chı t do ma Ðc Chua Tr
i ban cho. Han a
` ˆ ` ˆ ` `
quyen du hai ng
i au tien i vao mot tınh trang ma
´ ` ˆ ˆ
chung ta phai goi la s phan ngh ich cong khai. Do mot
` ˆ ˆ ˘ ´ ˆ
hanh vi ngang ng
c, cong khai bat tuan—an trai “cay
ˆ ` ´ ˘ ` ` ˆ ˜
biet ieu thien va ieu ac”—cap loai ng
i au tien a
ˆ ˆ ´ ´ ´ `
khang inh oc lap oi v
i s cai tr i cua Ðc Chua Tr
i.
` ˆ ˜ ˆ ` ˜
Nhng con te h
n the na, qua viec lam cua ho, ho a
´ ´ ´ ˜ ˜ ˆ
ng ve phıa cho rang Ðang Tao Hoa a gi lai mot
` ` ˆ `
ieu gı tot ma khong cho ho h
ng. Nh the A-am va
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
118 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
ˆ ` ` ` ˆ ` `
E-va oi c t quyet inh ieu gı la thien, ieu gı la
´
ˆ
ac—bat ke en s an inh cua Ðang Dng Nen.
ˆ ´ ` ` ˆ
That phi ly lam sao neu ngi ta quyet inh khong
´ ˆ ` ` ˆ
thıch luat ve trong lc va hanh ong ngc lai! A-am
` ˆ ˜ ` ˆ ´ ˆ `
va E-va a hanh ong phi ly giong nh vay khi t choi
´ ˆ ´
´
cac tieu chuan ao c cua Ðang Tao Hoa. Chac chan
` ˜ ˜ ˜ ˆ
con ngi biet se lanh nhng hau qua tai hai khi vi

ˆ

´ ´ ` `
ˆ
pham luat c ban cua Ðc Chua Tri, oi hoi s vang
` ˜ ˆ `
˜ ˆ
li, cung giong nh mot ngi biet phai lanh hau qua

ˆ ` ˆ
tang thng mot khi coi thng luat ve trong lc.

´ ˆ ˆ ˜ ` ˆ
L ich s cho thay Ðc ˆ Gie-ho-va a hanh ong. Trong
` ` ` ´
´

“ngay” ma A-am va E-va bac bo y muon cua Ðang
´ ` ˜

Tao Hoa thı the chat cung nh tinh than cua ho dan

´ ´ ´
dan h hong, tien lan en cai chet, y nh Ðc Chua
` ˜
´ ´ ´
Tri a canh cao trc. (So sanh 2 Phi-e-r 3:8). Ðieu
` ´ ˆ ´ ´ ´
nay lai cho chung ta thay mot khıa canh khac ve ca
´
´ ` ` ´ ´ ` ´
tınh cua Ðang Tao Hoa. Ngai la Ðc Chua Tri chınh
ˆ
ˆ ´ ` ´
trc, khong nhu nhc bo qua s bat tuan co y. Ngai co
˜ ˆ ˆ ` ´ ` `
nhng tieu chuan khon ngoan va chınh trc va Ngai

ˆ ˜ ˆ ´
bao ve nhng tieu chuan o.
` ´ ´ ´ ´
´
` ´
Phu hp vi cac c tınh cao ca khac cua Ngai, Ðc
´ ` ˜ ´ ˆ ´
Chua Tri a thng xot khong cham dt s song cua

` ˆ ´ ` ` ˆ
con ngi ngay lap tc. Tai sao? Tai vı Ngai quan tam
´
` ˆ `
en con chau cua A-am va E-va. Ho cha c sinh ra va
˜ ˆ ´ ´ ˆ ˆ
ˆ
cung khong co trach nhiem trc tiep ve toi loi cua to tien
ˆ `
´ ´ ` ´
ho. S quan tam nay cua Ðc Chua Tri cho chung ta
ˆ ´ ` ˆ
` ˆ
biet them ve Ðang Tao Hoa. Ngai khong phai la mot quan
´ ` ˆ `
` ` ˆ
an tan nhan khong tınh cam. Thay vı the, Ngai cong
` ´ ˆ ` `
bang, muon cho moi ngi co c hoi c song, va Ngai
˜ ˆ ´

`
cung ton trong s thanh khiet cua s song cua con ngi.
` ˆ ´ ˜ ` ´ ˆ `
Ðieu nay khong co nghıa la cac the he con ngi sau
´ ˜
` ˜ ˆ ´
o se c hng cung nhng ieu kien sung sng
` ˘ ˆ ˆ ´
nh la cap v chong au tien. Qua viec Ðang Tao Hoa
´ ´
ˆ ˆ
cho phep con chau cua A-am c sinh ra, “muon vat
´ ` ´ ` ˆ ´
Ban
co the hoc
c
gı ve Ðang Tao
Hoa t mot
quyen sach? 119
˜ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ
a b i bat phuc s h-khong”. Dau vay, ay khong phai

` ˆ ` ` ` ´ ˆ
la s tuyet vong hoan toan, vı chung ta thay ni Ro-ma
´ ˜
8:20, 21, Ðang Tao Hoa cho ho hy vong “se c giai-
´ ` ˆ ` ` ´ ˆ `
cu”. Va ay la ieu ma chung ta nen muon tım hieu
ˆ
them.
´ ` ` ˆ
Ban
co the tım c
Ngai khong?
´ ˘
` ˜ ˘ `
Kinh-thanh vach mat ke thu a a cap v chong loai
` ˆ `
´ ´ `
ngi au tien vao s phan ngh ich; o chınh la Sa-tan

´ ˜ `
`

Ma-quı co nghıa la “Ke Chong Ðoi” va “Ke Vu Khong”.

´ `

ˆ
Trong ban an danh cho ke chu mu cuoc phan ngh ich,

´ ´ ` ˜ ´ `
` `
Ðc Chua Tri a minh xac han la ke thu, nhng Ngai
˘ ˆ ˘
´ ` `
lai at mot can ban cho tng lai e con cai loai ngi
˜ ´ ´ ´ ` ´ ˜ `
se sinh ra co hy vong. Ðc Chua Tri phan: “Ta se lam
` ` ˜ ` ˜ `
cho may [Sa-tan] cung ngi n, dong-doi may cung
` ˜ ` ˜ ` ` ˜ `
dong-doi ngi n ngh ich-thu nhau. Ngi se giay-ap
` ˜ ´ ` ´ ´
au may, con may se can got chn ngi” (Sang-the Ky
ˆ ˜ ` ˜ ` ´ ´ ´
3:15). Hien nhien, nhng li le nay co tınh cach tng
` ˜ ´ ´ ` ˜ ˜ `
trng va theo nghıa bong. Khi noi “dong-doi” se en thı
` ´ ˜ `
ieu nay co nghıa gı?
´ ´
´ ` ´
ˆ
Cac phan khac cua Kinh-thanh lam sang to cau
´ ´ ´ ` ˆ ` ´ ˆ ˆ ˘ ˜ ´
Kinh-thanh ly thu nay. Cau nay co lien he chat che vi
ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ ` ˆ ` ´
viec Ðc Gie-ho-va hanh ong phu hp vi danh cua

` ` `
ˆ ´ ` `
Ngai, va Ngai “tr nen” bat c ieu gı can thiet e hoan
` ´
` ´ ` ` ˆ ´
thanh y inh cua Ngai oi vi loai ngi tren trai at.
` ` ` ˜ ` ˆ ˆ ˆ ˘ ˆ `
Ðe lam ieu nay, Ngai a dung mot dan toc ac biet, va

˜
` ´ ˆ ˆ ´
l ich s ghi lai nhng giao d ich cua Ngai vi dan toc o
ˆ ´ ´ ´ ´
chiem mot phan kha ln trong Kinh-thanh. Chung ta
˜ ´
`
hay xem xet s qua l ich s quan trong nay. Trong khi
` ´ ´ ´ ´
lam the, chung ta co the hoc c nhieu hn ve cac c
´
´ ˆ ´ ´
tınh cua Ðang Tao Hoa. That ra, chung ta co the hoc
˜ ˆ ´ ` ´ ˆ
c nhng ieu vo gia ve Ngai bang cach tra xem them
´ ` ` ˆ ´ `
quyen sach ma Ngai ban cho nhan loai; o la quyen
´
Kinh-thanh.
´
C H NG TA M
´ ˆ `
Ðang Tao
Hoa tiet lo ve Ngai
` ´ ´
—Vı li
ıch cua chung ta!
˜ ` ´ ´
ˆ
GIA tieng sam vang va chp nhoang, khoang ba trieu
` ´ ´ ` ´ ˆ ´
ngi ng trc hon nui cao ngat tren Ban Ðao

ˆ
´ ` ´ ˆ
Si-na-i. May bao phu Nui Si-na-i va at r ung ong.
`
´ ´ ` ˆ ˜
Trong hoan canh ang ghi nh nay, Moi-se a a
ˆ ˆ ` ˆ ˆ ´ ´
dan Y-s-ra-en xa vao mot moi lien lac chınh thc
´ ´
` ` ˆ ´ ˆ ´
vi Ðang Tao ˆ Hoa cua tri va at (Xuat E-dıp-to Ky,
chng 19; E-sai 45:18).
ˆ ´
˜
Tuy nhien, tai sao Ðang Tao Hoa cua vu tr u lai to

` ˆ ´ ˘ ˆ ˆ ` ´
mınh ra theo mot cach ac biet cho mot mınh nc

ˆ ˆ
` ˆ
tng oi nho nh th e? M oi-se cho c au tra li thong
´ ` ´ ˆ ˆ ˆ ´
sang nh sau: “Ay vı Ðc Gie-ho-va thng-yeu cac
` ˜ ` ` ` ˜ ˆ ` ´
ngi, va gi li the ma Ngai a lap cung to-phu cac
ˆ ˆ ´
ngi” (Phuc-truy en Luat-l e Ky 7:6-8).
` ´ ` ´ ´
Li noi nay cho thay Kinh-thanh cha ng rat
´ ` ´ ˜ ˆ
nhieu tin tc, nhieu hn la cac d kien ve nguon goc

˜ ` ˆ ´ ´ ´
cua vu tru va s song tren trai at. Kinh-thanh noi
˜
´ ´
rat nhieu en nhng giao d ich cua Ðang Tao Hoa vi
ˆ ´ ´ ˆ `
nhan loai—trong qua kh, hien tai va tng lai. Kinh-
´ ` ´ ` ˆ ´
thanh la cuon sach c nhieu ngi tren the gii
ˆ ´ ` ` ˆ ˜
nghien cu nhat va c lu hanh rong rai nhat, cho
ˆ ˜ ˆ ´ ˆ
nen nhng ai coi trong hoc van can quen thuoc vi noi

´ ` ´ ˜ ´ ´
dung cua sach nay. Chung ta hay xem xet tong quat
˜ ` ´ ´ ´ ´
nhng gı chung ta co the thay trong Kinh-thanh, chu
´ ` `
trong trc nhat en phan thng c goi la Cu
´ ` ´ ˜ ˆ
c. Lam nh the, chung ta se at c s thong hieu
´ ´ ´ ´
´
˜ `
quy gia ve ca tınh cua Ðang Tao Hoa cua vu tru va
´

´
Tac gia cua cuon Kinh-thanh.
ˆ
´
Trong Chng 6, “Mot l ich s xa xa ve s sang tao
´ ˆ ˆ ´
´
—Ban co the tin cay khong?”, chung ta thay chı co s
´ ˆ ` ` ´ ´
Ðang Tao
Hoa tiet lo ve Ngai—Vı li
ıch cua chung ta! 121
` ˆ ´ ´ ´ ´
tng thuat ve s sang tao trong Kinh-thanh mi cha
˜ ˆ
` ` ´ ` ˆ
ng nhng s kien ve thuy to loai ngi—tc la coi

´ ´ ´ ´ ˆ
nguon cua chung ta. Sang-the Ky, cuon sach au tien

´ ` ´ ˜
cua Kinh-thanh con cha ng nhieu hn na. Nh
˜ `
nhng gı?
` ˜ ´ ˜
Than thoai Hy Lap va nhng than thoai khac cung

ˆ ` ´ ` ´ ´ `
ta mot thi khi cac than va a than giao d ich vi loai
` ´ ` ˆ
˜ ` `
ngi. Cac nha nhan chung hoc cung tng trınh rang
ˆ ´ ˆ ´
trong khap nhan gian, co rat nhieu chuyen co tıch ve
ˆ ´ `
ˆ ´ ˆ
tran nc lut thi xa huy diet phan ln nhan loai.
´ ´ ´ ˜ ˆ
Ban co the co ly do e gat i nhng chuyen than thoai
ˆ ˆ ´ `
ˆ ´ ´
nh vay. Tuy nhien, ban co biet la chı rieng sach Sang-
´ ´ ˆ ˜ ˜ ˆ
˘
`
the Ky mi tiet lo nhng d kien l ich s can ban ma
`
´ ˜ ˆ
sau nay c phan anh qua nhng chuyen than thoai
˘ ´ ´ ˆ ´ ´
hoac co tıch o khong? (Sang-the Ky, chng 6, 7).1
´ ´ ´ ˜ ˜
Trong sach Sang-the Ky, ban se oc thay nhng
` ` ˆ ` ` ` ˜ ` ´ ˆ `
ngi an ong va an ba—nhng ngi co that ma
´ ´ ˆ
˜ `
chung ta co the thong cam—nhng ngi biet Ðang
´ ˆ ˜ ` ´
`
Tao Hoa hien hu ´ va song theo y muon cua Ngai.
˜ ` ´ `
Nhng ngi nh Ap-ra-ham, Y-sac va Gia-cop nam
´ ` ˆ ´ ˆ ´
trong so cac “to-phu” ma Moi-se noi en that ang cho
´ ` ´ ´ `
chung ta tım hieu.ˆ Ðang Tao Hoa biet Ap-ra-ham va goi
ˆ ` ´ ´
ong la “ban ta” (E-sai 41:8; Sang-the Ky 18:18, ´ 19). T ai
´ ˆ ˆ ˜ ´ ` `
sao? Ðc Gie-ho-va a quan sat va tin Ap-ra-ham la
ˆ ` ´ ´ ˆ
mot ngi co c tin (H´ e-b-r 11:8-10, 17-19; Gia-c
ˆ
´ ´
2:23). Kinh nghiem cua Ap-ra-ham cho thay Ðc Chua
` ` ´ ´ ` ˘
Tri rat de en gan. Ngai co sc manh va nang lc
´ ` ˆ

` ˆ ˆ
ang s, tuy th e, Ng ai kh ong ph ai ch ı l a m ot
lc vo tri
˘ ´ ` ` ˆ ´ ˆ `
hoac lc sang tao. Ngai la mot Ðang co that ma con
` ´ ´ ˆ ˆ
ngi nh chung ta co the vun trong mot moi lien lac

` ´ ´ ´ ˆ `
cao ca, nh o chung ta c li ıch lau dai.
ˆ ´ ´
´ ˆ ´ ˆ
1 Ten cac sach cua Kinh-thanh c
in am
nham giup nhan
ra
` ˆ
´ ´
de dang noi dung cua sach o.
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
122 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
´ ˆ ˆ ´ ´ ´ ´ ˆ
Ðc Gie-ho-va ha vi Ap-ra-ham: “Cac dan the-
˜ ` ` ˜ ` ´
gian eu se nh dong-doi ngi ma c phc”
´ ´ ` ´ ` ˆ ˆ ˘
(Sang-th e Ky 22:18). Li ha n ay xay tr en, ho ac
´ ˆ ` ´ ` ˜ ˜ ` ` ˜
ni rong, li ha ve “dong-doi” se en ma Ngai a
´ ` ` ´ ´ ´ ˆ
phan vao thi A-am (Sang-the Ky´ 3:15). Ðung vay,
˜ ` ´ ˆ ˆ ´ ´ ˜ ´
nhng gı Ðc Gie-ho-va noi vi Ap-ra-ham a xac
ˆ ´ ˆ ` ` ´ ´ ` `
nhan hy vong, theo o, mot ngi nao o—tc la Dong
˜ ` ˜ ˆ ` ` ` ` ´ ˆ
Doi—sau nay se xuat hien va nh ngai ma cac dan
´ ˜ ˆ `
´
c phc. Ban se thay ay la chu e chınh trong
´ ` ` ´
´
suot quyen Kinh-thanh, va lam sang to Kinh-thanh
ˆ
` ˆ ˆ ˜ ` ´ `
khong phai la bo su tap nhng gı tap nham do loai
` ˆ

´
ngi viet ra. Viec biet c chu e cua Kinh-thanh
˜ ´ ´ ´ ` ´ ´ ` ˜ ` ˆ ´
se giup ban y thc la Ðc Chua Tri a dung mot nc
` ´ ´ ´ ˆ
thi xa—vi muc ıch ban phc cho moi dan (Thi-
ˆ
thien 147:19, 20).
ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ ` ´
Viec Ðc Gie-ho-va co muc tieu nay khi giao d ich vi
ˆ ˆ ` ˆ
dan Y-s-ra-en cho thay ‘Ngai chang he v i-ne [thien v i,
ˆ ´ ´
NW] ai’ (Cong-vu cac S-o 10:34; Ga-la-ti 3:14). Hn
˜ ´ ´ `
´
na, trong´ khi Ðc Chua Tri chı giao d ich vi con
´
` ` ˆ ´ ˆ ´ ˜
chau cua Ap-ra-ham thı ngi thuoc cac dan khac cung
` ´ ˆ ˆ ´
c mi en phung s Ðc Gie-ho-va (1 Cac Vua 8:41-
` ´ ˜ ` `
43). Ðong thi nh chung ta se thay sau nay, nh s
ˆ ˆ
´ ´ ` `
´
khong thien v i cua Ðc Chua Tri ma tat ca chung ta
` ´
ˆ
ngay nay—bat ke quoc t ich hay goc gac chung toc— eu
´ ` ` ` ` `
co the biet Ngai va lam ep long Ngai.
´ ´ `

Chung ta co the hoc c nhieu t l ich s cua quoc
` ´ ˜
gia ma Ðang Tao Hoa a giao d ich trong nhieu the ky.
´ ˜
´ `
Chung ta hay chia l ich s o ra lam ba phan. Trong khi
´ ˜ ` ´ ˜ ´ ´ ˆ
xem xet nhng phan nay, chung ta hay e y Ðc Gie-
ˆ ˜ ` ` ´ ˜
` ´ `
ho-va a lam tron y nghıa danh cua Ngai tc la “Ðang
` ` ` ` ´ ´
`
lam cho thanh tu” nh the nao, va ca tınh cua Ngai
ˆ ´ ´ ˜ ` ´ ˆ
c bieu lo qua cac giao d ich vi nhng ngi co that
`
nh the nao.
´ ˆ ` ` ´ ´
Ðang Tao
Hoa tiet lo ve Ngai—Vı l i

´ ´ ˆ `
Ðang Tao Hoa giai thoat dan cua Ngai khoi canh
ˆ ˆ ` ` ˆ ´ `
no le va dung ho e thc
hien
y inh cua Ngai
ˆ ˆ ´ ´
Phan Mot—M
ot
nc c
Ðang Tao
Hoa cai tr i
´ ´ ` ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ ´
Con chau cua Ap-ra-ham tr thanh no le x E-dıp-
ˆ ` ´ ´ ` ˜ ˆ ˆ
to. Cuoi cung Ðc Chua Tri a day Moi-se len e
´ ` ˘ ˆ ˆ
giai thoat ho vao nam 1513 TCN. Khi dan Y-s-ra-en
` ˆ ´ ´ ´ ` `
tr thanh mot nc, Ðc Chua Tri la vua cai tri ho.
` ˘ `
Nhng vao nam 1117 TCN, ho muon vua cua ho la
`
ngi.
` ´ ˆ ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ
Dien bien nao a t
i viec dan Y-s
-ra-en
v
i Moi-
´ ´ ´ ´
se tai Nui Si-na-i? Cuon Sang-the Ky trong Kinh-thanh
´ ˆ ´ ´
cho chung ta biet dien tien s viec. Tr
c o, khi Gia-
˜ ` ˆ ´ ˆ ´
cˆ op (cung goi la Y-s
-ra-en) song
phıa ong bac x
´ ˆ ` ˆ ´ ´
E-dıp-to thı mot nan oi xay ra trong khap the gi
i
` ´ ´ ` ` ˆ

c bi et v ao l uc o. Vı lo lang cho gia ınh nen Gia-
´ ` ´ ˆ ´ ˆ ´ ˆ ´
cop m
i tım en x E-dıp-tˆ o, n
i co d dat thoc gao ton
˜ ´ ´
tr, e kiem thc pham. Ong kham pha ra rang quan
´ ` ˆ ´ ˆ `
quan ly thc pham lai la Gio-sep, con trai ong, ng
i
` ˆ ˜ ` ˘ ´
con ma ong t
ng â chet t nhieu nam tr
c. Gia-cop
` ` ` ´ ´ ˆ ` ` ´ ´
va gia ınh d
i t
i E-dıp-to va
c m
i
lai o (Sang-
´ ˆ ˆ ´
the Ky 45:25–46:5; 47:5-12). Tuy nhien, sau khi Gio-sep
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
124 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ ˜ ´
chet, mot vua Pha-ra-on mi len ngoi cng bach con
´
` ˆ ˆ ` ˆ ` ˆ ˆ
chau cua Gia-cop lam no le va “gay cho i dan ayˆ nen
`
` ´
cay-ang, vı noi kho-s nhoi at, lam gach” (Xuat E-dıp-
ˆ ´ ´ ` ˆ ˆ
to Ky 1:8-14). Ban co the oc s tng thuat song ong
` ` ´ ˜ ´
nay va nhieu ieu khac nˆ a trong cuon th hai cua

´ ` ´ ˆ ´
Kinh-thanh la cuon Xuat E-dıp-to Ky.
ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ
Qua nhieu thap nien, dan Y-s-ra-en phai ch iu s

` ` ˆ ˆ ´ ´
oi x ha khac, va “tieng keu-van len thau Ðc Chua
` ` ˆ ` ` ´ ´ ˆ ˆ
Tri”. Ðng loi khon ngoan la nh´ ti Ðc Gie-ho-va.
` ˆ ´
`
Ngai quan tam en con chau cua Ap-ra-ham va quyet
ˆ ` ` ´
` ˆ
tam lam thanh y inh cua Ngai trong viec cung cap
ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
mot an phc tng lai cho moi dan. Ðc Gie-ho-va

ˆ ˆ ` ˆ
‘nghe tieng than-th cua dan Y-s-ra-en va nhan-bi et

ˆ
` ´
canh ngo cua ho’. Ðieu nay cho chung ta thay Ðang
´ ˆ
´ ˜ ` ´ ´ `
Tao Hoa thong cam vi nhng ngi ang b i ap bc va
ˆ ´ ˆ ´ ` ˜ ˆ
khon kho (Xuat E-dıp-to Ky 2:23-25). Ngai a chon Moi-
ˆ ˆ

ˆ ˆ
se e em dan Y-s-ra-en ra khoi canh no le. Nhng
ˆ `
ˆ ` ˆ ˆ
khi Moi-se va ˆ anh cua ong la A-ron en yeu cau Pha-
ˆ
´ ´ ˆ ˆ ` ˆ ˆ
ra-on cua x E-dıp-to e cho dan ang lam no le ra i,
ˆ ˜ `
` ˆ ˆ ` `
ong ta a ngang tang tra li: “Gie-ho-va la ai ma tram

ˆ ` ` ˆ ˆ
ph ˆ ai´ vang li ngi, e cho dan Y-s-ra-en i?” (Xuat
ˆ ´
E-dıp-to Ky 5:2).
´ `
´
˜
Ban co the nao tng tng Ðang Tao Hoa cua vu tr u
˜ ` ` ´ ` ´ ´
le nao lai thut lui trc li thach thc nh the dau cho
` ˆ `
ˆ ` ˆ
en t mot nha cai tr i cua mot cng quoc quan s
` ` ´ ˆ ˆ ´ ´ `
manh nhat vao thi o khong? Khˆ ong, Ðc Chua Tri
˜ ´ ˆ ` ` ´ ˆ ˆ
a giang cho Pha-ra-on va ngi E-dıp-to mot chuoi tai
` ´ ` ˆ ´
va. Cuoi cung, sau tai va th m i, Pha-ra- on mi ong
´
ˆ ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ ´
y tha dan Y-s-ra-en ´ (Xuat E-dıp-t o Ky 12:29-32). Bi

´
ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
the, con chau cua Ap-ra-ham nhan biet Ðc Gie-ho-va
` ˆ ´ ˆ
´ ` `
la mot Ðang co that—Ð ang ban s giai thoat vao ky
` ˆ ´ ˜ ` ´
Ngai inh. Vang, nh y nghıa ham cha trong danh

` ´ ˆ ˆ ˆ ´ ˜ ˆ ˜
cua Ngai, Ðc Gie-ho-va, bang mot cach hu hieu, a
´ ˆ ` ` ´ ´
Ðang Tao

ˆ ` ` ´ ˆ ´ ˆ ´
tr nen Ðang lam tron li ha (Xuat E-dıp-to Ky 6:3).

ˆ ˆ ˆ `
Nhng ca Pha-ra-on lan dan Y-s-ra-en con phai hoc

ˆ ˜
them ve danh ay na.
`
` ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ
Ðieu nay xay ra vı khong bao lau sau o, Pha-ra-on
´ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ
ˆ ˆ
oi y. Ong ieu ong quan oi hoi ha uoi theo dan no
ˆ ˜ ` `
ˆ
le a di i va bat k ip ho gan Bien Ðo. D an Y-s-ra-
ˆ ˜ ` ˆ ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ
en b i mac ket gia bien va quan oi E-dıp-to. Roi
´ ˆ ˆ ˆ ´
ˆ `
Ðc Gie-ho-va can thiep bang cach m mot con ng
ˆ
´ ˜ ˆ
ˆ
xuyen qua Bien Ðo. Ðang le Pha-ra-on phai nhan biet
` ˆ ˆ
´
hanh ong ay bieu dng quyen lc vo song cua Ðc
´ ` ` ˆ ˜
Chua Tri. Thay vı the, ong lai lieu lınh dan ao binh

ˆ ˆ ˆ
cua ong uoi theo dan Y-s-ra-en—e roi b i chet uoi
` ´
` ´ ´ `
cung vi ao binh cua mınh khi Ðc Chua Tri e

´ ` ` ` ˆ
bien tr lai ˆ v i trı bınh thng. S tng thuat trong
´ ´ ˆ ´ ˆ ´ ´ ´ ` ˜
sach Xuat E-dıp-to Ky khong noi chınh xac Ngai a
ˆ ˜ ` ˆ ˜ ` `
thc hien nhng hanh ong vı ai nay nh the nao.
˜ ` ˆ ´ ´ ´ ´ `
Nhng hanh ong o co the chınh ang c goi la
˜ ´ ` ´ ˜ ´ ` `
nhng phep la vı chınh nhng bien co o va thi iem

` ´
`
xay ra eu ngoai s kiem soat cua con ngi. Chac
˜ ˆ ` ˆ ´ ` ´ ´
chan nhng viec lam nh the khong co gı qua kho oi
´ ´ ˜ ` ´ ˆ ` ˜
vi Ðang sang tao vu tru cung cac luat ieu hanh vu
ˆ ´ ˆ ´
tru (Xuat E-dıp-to Ky 14:1-31).
` ´ ˆ ˆ ` ˜
Bien co nay chng minh cho dan Y-s-ra-en—va cung
ˆ ´ ´ ˆ ˆ `
nen nhan manh cho chung ta—rang Ðc Gie-ho-va la
´ ` ` ˆ ´ ´ ´
Ðang Cu Roi. Ngai hanh ong xng ang vi danh
` ˆ ` ` ˆ ` ´
Ngai. Tuy nhien, t s tng thuat nay, chung ta phai

´ ˆ ´ `
´ ´ ` ˜
sang suot nhan ra cac ng loi cua Ðc Chua Tri ro
` ˜ ` ˆ ´ ´
hn. Chang han, Ngai a thi hanh cong ly oi vi quoc
ˆ ´ ´ ` `
ˆ `
gia gay ra ap bc, trong khi Ngai bay to s nhan t
´ ´ ˆ
` ` ` ´ `
thng xot oi vi dan s cua Ngai ma t o Dong
˜ ˜ ˆ ` ˜ ` ˜ `
Doi se sinh ra. Lien quanˆ en Dong Doi nay, nhng gı
´ ´ ˆ ´ ˜ ` ˆ
chung ta oc trong Xuat E-dıp-to Ky ro rang khong chı

`
´ ˆ ˆ ´
´
la l ich s co xa nhng co lien he en y inh cua Ðc
´ ` ´ ` ˆ
Chua Tri nham ban phc cho toan the nhan loai.
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
126 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
ˆ ` ´
Tren ng ve Ðat H a
` ´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ ` ˆ ˘
Sau khi ri x E-dıp-to, Moi-se va dan s bang qua
´ ˜ `
´ ` ˜
sa mac en Nui Si-na-i. Nhng gı xay ra tai nui nay a

´ ´ ´ `
´ ˆ ˆ
anh hng en cach Ðc Chua Tri c x vi dan toc
`
´ `
nay trong nhieu the ky tiep sau o. Ngai ban cho ho
ˆ ´ ˜ ˆ ´ ´ ` ˘
luat phap. Dı nhien, trc o hang ha sa so nam, Ðang
´ ´ ˆ
Phep la—B
an
co the tin c
khong?
ˆ ˆ ´ ` ˆ ˜
“M ˆ ot i ˆ eu xem ra ´ khong´ hp lˆ y khiˆ va chapˆ nhan ` k´ y
thu at hi en ai nh anh s ang i en, v o tuy en i en v a c ac
ˆ ` ` ` ´ `
tien´ bo ´ y hoc ong thiˆ va´ tin v` ao th´ e gii than ` linh ˆ va
cac phep la ke trong T` an c”. Li phat bieu nay cua ong
` ´ ˜ ´
Rudolf
Bultmann,
˜ nha than ` hoc ` ngi Ð c,´ a phan ´ anh
cam ˆ ngh˜ ı c ua
` nhi eu ng
˜ i ng ay nay ´ v e ph ep
´ l a.
C o ˆ phai
ay cung la cám nghı cua´ ban v´ e cac´ phep ` la` thu˜ at l ai
trong Kinh-th
ˆ anh, nh ph ep l a Ð c Ch ua Tr i l am r e Bi en
Ðo khong?
´ ˜ ´
Sach ` The ˆ Concise ` Oxford ˆ Dictionary
` ˆ inh ngh ıa “phep ˆ
la”
lâ “m` ot bi´ en coˆ ky di eu xay` ra ˆ nh mot ˆ quy en lc sieu ˆ
nhi en n ao o”. M ot bi en c o k y di eu nh v ay h an ph
ˆ ˆ ` ´ ˆ ˆ ˆ ` ai ˆ lien`
h´ e en vi ec lam gian o ` an ˆ trat t thien nhi ` en v´ a ay la
ly doˆ khien nhi eu` ng i kh ´ ´ ong mu ˆ on tin ˆ v ao ph ˆ
ep la. ´ Tuy
nhien, i eu d ´ ng ˜ nh ` trai´ vi ´ luat ´ thien nhien ´ lai ˆ co thˆ e
c ˆ giai ´ thıch ro rang di anh sang cua cac luat thien
nhien khac.
´ ´ ´ ` `
Ð` e ch ˆ ng ´ minh,ˆ tap chı New Scientist ˜ phucˆ trınh ` la ` hai
nha vat ly hoc ´ thuoc Ð` ai H oc Tokyo ˆ a cho m´ ot t trng ´
cc ´ manh tac d ung
´ vao b e
ngang m ` ot
ong c o ng
˜ nc. ˆ
Nˆ c dat ve ph ` ıa hai au´ ong, ´ cha` lai ph ˘ an gia kh ` o.
Hi˜ en ´ tng n` ay ´ c ` kham ph` a ra v´ ao nam 1994ˆ va s
dı co´ c vı n ` c la ngh ´ ` ich t` yeu t, b i nam ch am ay.`
Nc chay t cho co t trng rat manh en cho´ t
` ` ˆ ˆ ˜
trng yeu la ˆ mot hien ` tˆng ´ a ˆ c kiem ch´ ng,
c mang biet ˆ danh la Hieu ´ ng ˆ Moi-se. ´ Tˆ ap chı´ New
Scientist ghi nhan: “Ðay nc i ay o khong kho neu
´ ˆ ` ` ´ ´
Ðang Tao
´ ˜ ˆ ˜ ˆ ´ ˆ
Tao Hoa a lap ra nhng inh luat chi phoi cac thien
ˆ ˜ ` ´ ` `
the vat chat trong vu tr u ma ti ngay nay van con
ˆ ´ ` ˜ ` ˆ
hieu lc. Nhng tai Nui Si-nai, Ngai a dung Moi-se
` ˆ ´ ´ ´
e ban hanh luat phap quoc gia. Chung ta co the oc
˜ ` ´ ´ ` ˜ ` ` ˆ ˆ ` `
nhng gı Ðc Chua Tri aˆ lam va bo luat ma Ngai
` ´ ´ ˆ ´ ` ´
ban hanh trong sach Xuat E-dıp-to Ky va ba sach ke
´ ˆ ˆ ´ ´ `
ban co mot ´ thoi nam ` ` cham ˜ ln u. Neu ban co thı hau
nh ban co the lam gı cung c”.
˜ ˆ ` ˆ ´ ´ ´
D ı nhi en, ng i ta kh ong th e noi` quaˆ quy˜ et Ð c Ch
` ˜ ` ` ` ua
Tri ˆ a dungˆ tien trınh nao khi Ngai´ phan re` Bien Ðo cho
dan Y-s-ra- ˆ en. ˆ Nhng ˆ Ð ang ` T ao ´ H oa bi tng´ chi tiet` ve
et
moi ˜ luat thi ´ en nhien. ` Ng´ ai co thˆ e kiem so ˆ at
de dang ´
nh` ng kh˜ ıa canh ˆ nao o c ua m ot lu
` ˜ bang
inh at cach
ˆ ˆ ´ ` ˆ
dung nhng luat thien ´ nhien kh´ ac ma Ngai` a l˘ ap ra.ˆ Ket
qua xem ˆ ra nh phep la oi vi con ngi, ac biet khi
` ` ˜ ˆ
hoˆ khong ˆ ho an to an hi eu th au c nh ng inh luat
lien he.
´ ´ ´ ˆ
V e c ac phep la trong Kinh-th anh, ong Akiraˆ Yamada,
´ ˆ ˆ ´
giao˘ s danh ` ´ d thuoc ´ vien ˆ Ðai Hoc Kyoto, Nhat Ban, ˆ noi: ´
“Mac du ûng khi noi khong th
` e hi eu c [mot phep ˆ
la]
` ngay b ay gi ` theo ˘ quan i em c ua khoa ˆ h oc
` chuyen

nganh ˆ ` cua mınh (ho ac theo ˆ
khoa h´ oc tan ˆ thi), nhng
th` at ˘ la sai´ lam ˆ khi k et lu ˆ án r ang ˘ ph ep la khong ˆ xay ´ ra chı
vı can c tren khoa vat ly ho ac khoa nghien cu Kinh-
´ ˆ ˆ ` ˘ ˜ ` ˆ
th anh tˆ an ti` en ˜ hien ` ai. M ` i nam na thı ´ khoa ´ hoc ` tan ˆ
tien hien gi` se ch ı con ˆ la khoa hoc ˆ cua` qu ´ a kh` ma thoi.
Khoa ` hoc cang ` tien ´ bo le bao nhi
` eu th ` ı cac` nh´ a khoa hoc
ngayˆ nay cang ` c o ˜ ´ c tr ˜ th anh ` tr o c ´ i l n ` hn b ay
nhieu; ngi ta se noi nhng li nh ‘Cac nha khoa hoc
´ ˆ ` ˘ ˆ ˆ ´
cach ay mi nam ca tin nh vay, nh vay o’ ”(Gods in
the Age of Science).
` ´ ´ ˘ ˆ ˆ
Laˆ Ðang ´ Tao ˆ Hoa ˆ co kh ´ a n ang ` phoi h p m˘ oi luat thien`
nhi en, ` Ðc´ Gie-ho-va co the dung quyen nang cua Ngai
e lam phep la.
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
128 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
ˆ ´ ˆ ´ ` ˆ ˆ ´
tiep—L e-vi Ky, Dan-so Ky, va Phuc-Truy en Luat-L e Ky.
´
ˆ ˜ ´ ´ ˜
Cac hoc gia tin rang Moi-se cung viet sach Giop na.
´ ˜ ´ ˆ ` ˆ
Chung ta se xem xet mot vai iem quan trong trong noi

´ `
dung cua sach nay ni Chng 10.
ˆ ´ ´ ` ` ˆ ` ˆ
Tham chı ti ngay nay, hang trieu ngi tren the
´ ` ` ˘
gii biet en va co gang song theo Mi Ðieu Ran,
˜
´ ´
ˆ ˆ `
nhng chı th i chınh yeu ve ao c cua bo luat toan
ˆ ˆ ´ ` ´
ven. Nhng bo luat o con cha ng rat nhieu s chı

ˆ ` ´ ´ ´ ˆ `
dan tuyet vi ang than phuc khac. Khong la gı khi
´ ˆ ˆ `
ˆ
thay co nhieu luat le chi phoi i song cua dan Y-s-ra-
ˆ ` ` ´ ˆ ˆ ´
` ˆ
en vao thi o nh luat ve ve sinh, ve sc khoe va benh
˘ ` ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
hoan. Mac du c lap ra nham ieu hng mot dan
ˆ ` ` ´ ˆ ´
´
toc vao thi xa, nhng cac luat phap ay phan anh s
` ´ ˆ ˆ ´
´
hieu biet ve khoa hoc ma cac chuyen vien mi chı kham
´

` ` ˆ ˆ
pha ra trong khoang the ky va qua ma thoi (Le-vi
´ ˆ ´
Ky 13:46, 52; 15:4-13; Dan-so Ky 19:11-20; Phuc-truy en
ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ ` ´ ´ ´
Luat-l e Ky 23:12, 13). Mot ngi co the chınh ang hoi:

` ˆ ´
ˆ ˆ `
Lam sao luat phap cua dan Y-s-ra-en thi xa lai

´ ` ˆ ´
phan anh c s hieu biet va khon ngoan vt xa cac
ˆ ` ` ˆ ˆ
` ´ ` ˜ ˆ
dan cung thi? Mot cau tra li hp ly la nhng luat ay
` ´
en t Ðang Tao Hoa.
ˆ ´ ˜ ´
` ˜
Luat phap cung giup bao ton gia pho va e ra nhng
ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ `
bon phan ve ton giao cho dan Y-s-ra-en lam theo cho
` ˜ ˆ ` ´ `
en khi Dong Doi xuat hien. Vı ong y lam theo tat ca
˜ ` ´ ´ ` `
ˆ ´ ´ ˆ
nhng gı Ðc Chua Tri oi hoi nen ho co trach nhiem
ˆ ´ ´ ˆ ˆ ´
song theo Luat Phap o (Phuc-truy en Luat-l e Ky 27:26;
` ˆ ˜ ˆ ´
30:17-20). Ðanh rang ho khong gi c Luat Phap
´ `
ˆ ` ˜ ˆ
cach hoan hao, nhng ngay s kien nay cung nham mot
´ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ´ `
muc ıch tot. Mot chuyen vien luat phap sau nay giai
´ ˆ ´ ˜ ˘ ˆ ` ´ ˜
thıch rang Luat Phap ‘a [c] at them, vı c nhng
´ ´ ` ` ` ` ˜
s pham-ph ep, cho ti chng nao ngi dong-doi en,
` ` ` ` ´ ˜ ´
la ngi ma li ha a ha cho’ (Ga-la-ti 3:19, 24). Bi

ˆ ˆ ´ ˜ ` ˆ ˆ ˆ
vay, luat phap a khien ho thanh dan rieng biet, nhac
´ ˆ ` ` ´ ´
Ðang Tao
Hoa tiet lo ve Ngai—Vı l i
´
ˆ
Tai
Nui Si-na-i,ˆ quoc gia´ Y-s -ra-en thu xa
´
´
lap
giao c v i Ðang Tao Hoa
ˆ ` ˜ ` ˆ
nh
ho ve viec ho can en Dong Doi, hay la ang Me-si,
` ´
va chuan b i ho on tiep ang ay.
ˆ ˆ ´ ´ ´ ˆ ˜
Dan Y-s
-ra-en nhom tai Nui Si-na-i ong y vang gi
ˆ ´ ´ ´ ` ` ˘ `
Luat Phap cua Ðc Chua Tr
i. Vı the, ho at mınh
´ ´ ` ´ ` ˆ ´ ` ˆ
d
i cai ma Kinh-thanh goi la mot giao
c hay la mot
´ ˆ ` ´ ˜ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
thoa
c. Ðay la giao
c gia n
c o v
i Ðc Chua
` ˘ ` ´ ˆ ´ ˜
Tr
i. Mac du chınh ho muon lap giao
c, ho a to ra
` ˆ ˆ ´ ˜ ´ ˆ `
la mot dan cng co. Chang han, ho a uc mot con bo
` ` ´ ´ ` `
bang vang lam bieu t
ng cho Ðc Chua Tr
i. Hanh
ˆ ` ` ˆ ˆ ` ˆ ` `
ong nay la mot trong toi vı viec th
lay hınh t
ng vi
` ˘ ˆ ´ ˆ ´
pham trc tiep M
i Ðieu Ran (Xuat E-dıp-to Ky 20:
˜ ` ` ´ ˘ ` `
4-6). H
n na, ho phan nan ve thc an ma Ngai cung
` ˜ ˆ
cap cho ho. Ho chong ngh ich ng
i lanh ao (Moi-se)
´ ´ ` ˆ ` ˆ ` ` `
do Ðc Chua Tr
i bo nhiem, va buong mınh vao tınh
ˆ ˆ ´ ` ` ˆ ` `
duc vo luan v
i an ba dan ngoai th
lay hınh t
ng.
´ ˜ ` ´ `
Nhng tai sao chung ta, nhng ng
i song qua xa th
i
ˆ ´ ´ `
cua Moi-se, phai chu y en ieu nay?
ˆ ˜ ` ˆ `
Mot lan na, ieu nay khong phai chı la l ich s xa
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
130 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
˜ ` ˆ ´ ´
xa. Nhng s t
ng thuat cua Kinh-thanh ve cac
` ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ` ´ ´
hanh ong vo
n cua dan Y-s
-ra-en va s ap ng cua
´ ´ ` ` ˆ ˆ
Ðc Chua Tr
i cho thay Ngai that s quan tam. Kinh-
´ ´ ˆ ˆ ˜ ˆ ˆ ´
thanh noi rang dan Y-s
-ra-en a “khong thoi” th Ðc
ˆ ˆ ` ` `
Gie-ho-va, lam Ngai “cam thay ton th
ng” va “au
` ˆ ´ ´ ´
long” (Thi-thien 78:40, 41, NW). Do o, chung ta co the
` ´ ´ ´ ` ` ˆ
tin chac la Ðang Tao Hoa co cam xuc va Ngai quan tam
˜ ` ` `
en nhng gı con ng
i lam.
` ` ´ ˆ `
Theo quan iem loai ng
i cua chung ta, mot ng
i
´ ˜ ˆ ˆ ´
co the nghı rang loi lam cua dan Y-s
-ra-en co the a
ˆ ´ ´ ` ´ ` ´ ˜
en viec Ðc Chua Tr
i huy bo giao
c va co le chon
ˆ ´ ´ ` ` ` ´ `
mot n
c khac e hoan thanh l
i ha cua Ngai. Nhng
` ˜ ˆ ` ˆ ` ` `
Ngai a khong lam nh vay. Thay vı the, Ngai trng
` ˜ ˆ ´ ˆ
´
Nh gi theo luat
phap vo song cua Ðang Tao
Hoa,
ˆ `
´
dan cua Ngai vui h ng Ðat Ha
´ ˆ ` ` ´ ´
Ðang Tao
´ ´ ˜
ˆ ˆ
phat ıch ang nhng ke ngang nhien vi pham Luat
´
ˆ ` ´ ´ ˆ ˆ
Phap nhng m rong long thng xot oi vi dan toc
´ ´ ` ´ ˆ ´ ´ `
kho tr i noi chung nay. Ðung vay, Ðc Chua Tri tiep
´ ´ ` ` ` ˜ ´ ´
tuc trung tın vi li ma Ngai a ha vi ban trung
`
` ` ´
thanh cua Ngai la Ap-ra-ham.
ˆ ˆ ˆ ` ´
Chang bao lau sau, dan Y-s-ra-en vao en x Ca-na-
` ´ ` ´ ˆ ´ ˜
an ma Kinh-thanh goi la Ðat Ha. Ni ay co nhng
ˆ ˜ ` ` ˜
dan manh me chiem ngu va ho chım am trong nhng
` ˆ ´ ´ ˜
thc hanh suy oi ve luan ly. Ðang Tao Hoa a cho
´ ˘ ˆ ` ˆ ˆ ˆ
phep 400 nam troi qua ma khong can thiep, nhng bay
` ` ´ ´ ´ ´ `
gi Ngai co ly do chınh ang e giao lai vung at ay
ˆ ˆ ´ ´ ˜
cho dan Y-s-ra-en xa. (Sang-the Ky 15:16; cung xin
ˆ ´ ´ ` ˜ `
xem “Mot Ðc Chua Tri hay ghen—Theo nghıa nao?”,
` ´ ˆ
trang 132-133). Ðe chuan b i vao Ðat Ha, Moi-se sai 12
` ´ ` ` ´ `
ngi i do tham. Mi ngi trong toan nay to ra

´
´
´ ˆ ˆ
thieu c tin ni quyen lc giai cu cua Ðc Gie-ho-va.
` ´ ´
˜ ˆ
Li bao cao cua ho a khien dan s lam bam chong lai
´ ´ ` ` ˆ
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
Ðc Chua Tri va lap mu tr lai x E-dıp-to. Hau qua

` ´ ´ `

la Ðc Chua Tri phat ho phai lang thang trong ong
˘ ˆ ´
vang 40 nam (Dan-so Ky 14:1-4, 26-34).
´ ´ ˆ ` ´
An phat o at c muc tieu gı? Trc khi chet,
ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ ´ ˜ ˘
Moi-se khuyen con cai Y-s-ra-en nh lai nhng nam
´ ˆ ˆ ˜ ˆ ´ ´ ˆ
Ðc Gie-ho-va a ha ho xuong. Moi-se noi vi ho: “Vay,
´ ˆ ` ˆ ˆ ´ ´
kha nhan biet trong long rang Gie-ho-va Ðc Chua
`
ˆ `
Tri ngi sa-phat ngi nh mot ngi sa-phat

` ˆ ˆ ˆ ´
con mınh vay” (Phuc-truy en Luat-l e Ky 8:1-5). Bat ke
˜ ` ˆ ´ ` ´ ˆ ˆ
nhng hanh ong xuc pham en Ngai, Ðc Gie-ho-va
ˆ ˜ ` ´
` ˆ
van nuoi dng ho, va do o cho thay ho phai tuy thuoc
` ` ` ` `
vao Ngai. Chang han, ho song la nh Ngai cung cap
ˆ ´ ˘ ´ ˆ
ma-na, mot thc an giong nh banh ngot pha mat ong.
˜ ` ˜
` ˆ
Ro rang ho a phai hoc c rat nhieu t kinh nghiem
´ ˜ ˆ
trong ong vang. Ðang le qua kinh nghiem ay, ho phai
˜
ˆ ˆ ` ´
thay ro c tam quan trong cua viec vang li Ðc
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
132 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
´ ` ´
` `
Chua Tri ˆ ay thng xot cua ho va nng nh ni
` ´ ˆ ´
Ngai (Xuat E-dıp-to Ky 16:13-16, 31; 34:6, 7).
ˆ ´ ´ ` ´
Sau khi Moi-se chet, Ðc Chua Tri giao s mang
˜ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ` ` ˆ
lanh ao dan Y-s-ra-en cho Gio-sue. Ngi an ong
` ` ˜
` ˜ ˆ ` ´
trung thanh va dung cam nay a a dan vao x Ca-
`
` ˆ ´
na-an va can am bat tay ngay vao viec chinh phuc x
´ ˆ ˆ ` ˆ ˆ ˜ ´
o. Noi trong mot thi gian ngan, Gio-sue a anh bai
` ´ ` ´ ´
31 vua va chiem c phan ln vung Ðat Ha. Ban co
ˆ
` ´ ` ´ ˆ ˆ
the thay thien l ich s hao hng nay trong sach Gio-sue.
ˆ ´ ´ ` ˜ `
Mot Ð c Chua Tri hay ghen—Theo nghıa nao?
´ ˆ ˆ ` ` ` ` ˆ
“Ðc Gie-ho-va, danh Ngai la hay Ghen, Ngai la mot
´ ´ ` ˆ ` ` ` ˆ ´
Ðc Chua Tri hay ghen”.ˆ Ðay la li bınh luan ch ung ta
´ ´ ˆ ´
co the oc thay ni Xuat E-dıp-to Ky 34:14 (NW), nhng
ˆ ` ´ ˜ `
cau nay co nghıa gı?
` ˆ ` ´ ´ ˜ `
T He-b-r d ich ra la “hay ghen” co the co nghıa la
` ˆ ` ˆ ˆ ˆ ´
“oi hoi s ton sung chuyen oc, ´ khong dung´ tung oi
˜ ´ ˆ
ngh ich”. Theo nghıa tıch cc cò li cho ` cac ` tao vat `
` ´ ˆ ˆ
cua Ngai, Ðc Gie-ho-va ghen ˆ ˆ v ı danh Ng ai v a s th
` ` ˆ `
phng danh cho Ngai (E-xe-chi-en 39:25). Long sot
` ˆ ` ` ˜ ` `
sang cua Ngai trong viec hoan thanh nhng gı ma danh
` ´ ´ ˜ ` ` ˜ ˆ ´
Ngai chng to, co nghıa la Ngai se thc hien y inh cua
` ´ ˆ
Ngai oi vi nhan loai.
˜ ´ ´ ` ˆ ´
Chang han, hay xem xet an phat cˆ ua Ngai tren cac
ˆ ˆ
dan toc c ngu tai at Ca-na-an. Mot hoc gia dien ´ ta
ˆ `
ghe rn nh sau: “S th phng than Ba-anh, At-tat-
ˆ ` ´ ´ ´ ˜ ˆ
te va cac than Ca-na-an khac gom co nhng cuoc truy
´ ` ` ˜ ˆ
hoan xa hoa; cac en th cua ho la nhng trung tam
` ˆ `
thc ˆ hanh oi bai.... Dan Ca-na-an th phng qua s
ˆ ˆ ` `
buong tha vo luan... va roi giet con au long cua ho e
´ ´ ´ ` ˜ ` ˜
te cac than o”. Cac nha khao co a tım c nhng
` ˜ ˘
lo ng hai cot cua nhng tre b i giet e te than. Mac
` ´ ´ ` ˜ ´ ˆ ` ´ ˆ
du Ðc Chua Tri a ´ e y en viec lam sai tr` ai cua dan
´ ` ` ˆ
x Ca-na-an vao thi Ap-ra-ham, nhng Ngai to ra kien
´ ˆ ` ` ´ ´
Ðang Tao
ˆ ` `
Vua cai tr i khong phai la ng i
˜ ` ` `
Trong suot quang hanh trınh trong ong vang va
˜ ˘ ` ´ ´
trong nhng nam au ni vung Ðat Ha, nc Y-s-ra-
ˆ ˆ ` ´ ˆ ˆ ˜ ˆ
en do Moi-se va sau o do Gio-sue lanh ao. Dan Y-s-
ˆ ˆ ` ` ` ` ´ ˆ ˆ `
ra-en khong can ngi nao lam vua vı Ðc Gie-ho-va la

` ˘ ˆ ˆ
Ðang Thong Tr i cua ho. Ngai sap at viec bo nhiem

˜ ˆ
ˆ

`
trng lao e phan giai kien tung ca thanh. Ho
` ˆ ` ´ ˜ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
duy trı trat t va giup dan chung ve thieng lieng
ˆ ˆ ´ ´
(Phuc-truy
en Luat-l e Ky 16:18; 21:18-20). Sach Ru-t
´ ˘ ´ ´ ` `
nhan vi ho en 400 nam, cho phep ho co u thi gi
´ ´
e sa oi (Sang-the Ky 15:16).
ˆ ´ ´ ´ ˆ
Dan Ca-na-an co y thc c sˆ nghi em trong cua
` ´ ˆ ˆ ´
hanh vi sai trai cua ho khong? That v ay, ˆ ho c phu
ˆ ˆ ` ´ ˆ ˆ
cho mot lng tam ma cac luat gia eu cong nhan nh
ˆ ˘ ´ ´ ` ˆ ´ ˆ
mot can ban pho quat ve ao c va cong ly (Ro-ma 2:
˘ ˆ ´
12-15). Bat ke kha nang ay, dan Ca-na-an c tiep tuc
˜ ` ´ ` `
nhng thc hanh gm ghiec la giet con e te than va
` `
am mınh trong tınh duc truy lac.
` ´ ´ ˆ ˆ
Vı s chınh trc, Ðc Gie-ho-va quyet inh phai tay
ˆ ˆ ` ˆ `
sach
at. Ðay khong phai la s diet chung. Ngi Ca-
` ´ ˆ ´ ´
na-an, tng ca nhan nh Ra-hap hay ca nhom nh
` ˆ ` ` ˆ ˆ ˆ
ngi Ga-ba-on, vı tınh nguyen chap nhan tieu chuan
ˆ ´ ´ ´ ` ˜
cao ca ve luan ly cua Ðc Chua Tri, eu a c ˆ
` ˆ ˆ ´ ˜ `
cha ra (Gio-sue 6:25; 9:3-15). Ra-hap a tr thanh mot
` ` ˆ ˆ `
mau chot trong dong hoang toc cua ang Me-si, va con
´ ˆ ˘ ˆ `
chau Ga-ba-on c ac an phung s tai en th cua
´ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ
Ðc Gie-ho-va (Gio-sue 9:27; E-x-ra 8:20; Ma-thi- 1:1,
5-16).
ˆ ` ´ `
Nh the, khi bo cong tım hieu e co hınh anh ay u
` ˜ ` ˆ ´ ˆ ´ ` ˆ
va ro rang, da tren cac s kien, chung ta de dang nhan
´ ˆ ˆ ` ´ ´ ` ´ ` ´
ra Ðc Gie-ho-va la Ðc Chua Tri chınh trc va´ ang
ˆ ` ´ ´ ´
kham phuc. ´ Ng ai ghen chınh ang co li cho cac tao
ˆ `
vat
trung tın cua Ngai.
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
134 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
´ ˆ ´ ` ´ ´ ´
cho chung ta mot cai nhın thoang qua ay thıch thu ve
ˆ ´
˜ ˜ ` ˆ
viec cac trng lao a da vao luat ni Phuc-truy en
ˆ ˆ ´
´ ˆ
Luat-l e Ky 25:7-9 e x ly mot vu tranh tung nh the
`
nao.
` ˆ ´ ` ` ` ˆ `
Thi gian troi qua, nc nay thng lam phat long
´ ´ ` ` ˆ ˆ ` `
Ðc Chua Tri vı lien tiep bat tuan va quay sang th
´ ´ ` `
cac than x Ca-na-an. Nhng khi ho ri vao tınh trang
` ` ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ ´ ˜
khon kho cung cc va keu cau Ðc Gie-ho-va giup ,
` ´ ` ˆ ´ ´
Ngai lai nh en ho. Ngai day len cac quan xet e giai
´ ˆ ˆ ´
´ ´
´ ˆ
thoat dan Y-s-ra-en, cu ho khoi s ap bc cua cac dan
ˆ ´ ´ ˆ ´ ´
toc lang gieng. Quyen sach mang ten Cac Quan Xet
` ` ˆ ˜ ˆ

trınh bay song ong nhng cong trang cua 12 trong so
´ ´
` ´ ´ ˆ
cac quan xet can am nay (Cac Quan Xet 2:11-19; Ne-
ˆ
he-mi 9:27).

´ ´ ˆ ´
L ich s ghi lai: “Ðng luc o, khong co vua trong
ˆ ` ´ ` `
´
Y-s-ra-en; ai nay lam theo y mınh lay lam phai” (Cac
´ ´ ˜ ˆ
Quan Xet 21:25). Quoc gia co nhng tieu chuan an inh
ˆ ´ ˆ ´ ´ ˜
´
trong Luat Phap cho nen vi s giup cua cac trng
˜ `

´ ˆ ´ ˆ
lao va s chı day cua cac thay te le, dan s co mot c s

` ˜ ` `
` `
e ‘lam nhng gı la phai theo mat mınh’, va thay an
ˆ ˆ ` ˜ ˆ ˆ ´ ´
tam trong viec nay. Hn na, bo Luat Phap co ieu

´ ˆ ˆ ` ˆ
khoan noi ve mot en tam, hay mot en th di ong, ni
` ´ ˆ
` ˆ ˆ
ngi ta co the dang cua-le. S th phng that tap
ˆ ´ `
trung ni ay giup quoc gia hp nhat trong thi gian
`
nay.
´ ´
Phan Hai—S th inh v ng
d i trieu cac vua
´ ˆ ` ´ ´
Trong luc Sa-mu-en lam quan xet trong nc Y-s-ra-
ˆ ` ˆ ` ˆ ` `
en thı dan s oi e mot ngi lam vua ho. Ba vi vua
ˆ ´ ` ˆ ˆ
`
au tien—Sau-l, Ða-vıt va Sa-lo-mon—moi ngi cai
˘ ` ˘ ˘ ´
tri 40 nam, t nam 1117 en nam 997 TCN. Nc Y-s-
ˆ ´ ˆ ` ´ ` `
ra-en at ti tot ınh cua s giau co va vinh quang, va
´ ˜ ˆ ˜ ´
Ðang Tao Hoa a thc hien nhng bc quan trong
ˆ ` ˜ ˜
trong viec chuan bi vng quyen cho Dong Doi se en.
´ ˆ ` ` ´ ´
Ðang Tao
´ ´ ` ´ ` ` ˆ ˆ
Vi t cach la quan xet va nha tien tri, Sa-mu-en
˜ ˘ ´ ´ ` ˆ ˆ
a cham soc chu ao s an toan ve thieng lieng cua

ˆ ˆ ´
ˆ ` ˆ
dan Y-s-ra-en, nhng cac con cua ong thı khong c
ˆ ` ˆ ` ˆ ˆ `
nh vay. Cuoi cung dan s oi Sa-mu-en: “Bay gi, xin
˜ ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ ˘ ´ ´ ´
hay lap tren chung toi mot vua ang oan-xet chung
ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ ´ ˜ ´ ´ ˆ ˆ
toi, y nh cac dan-toc khac a co roi”. Ðc Gie-ho-

´ ˆ ` ´ `
va giai thıch cho Sa-mu-en biet ham y trong oi hoi

˜ ` ˆ ´
cua ho: “Hay nghe theo moi li dan-s noi... ay chang

´ ´ ` ˆ ` ` ` ´
phai chung no t-choi ngi au, ben la t-choi ta o,
´ ´ ˜ ´ ˆ ˆ
hau cho ta chang cai-tr i chung no na”. Ðc Gie-ho-va
´ ˜ ˆ

`
thay trc nhng hau qua tai hai cua dien bien nay
ˆ ˆ ` ˆ
(1 Sa-mu-en 8:1-9). Tuy nhien, the theo li yeu cau

` ˜
ˆ ` ˆ ˆ `
cua ho, Ngai a chı inh mot ngi khiem ton ten la
` ˆ ˆ ˆ
Sau-l lam vua tren dan Y-s-ra-en. Bat ke s khi

´ ˆ ˆ ˆ
au ay ha hen, sau khi len ngoi vua, Sau-l bieu lo
´ ´
` ˆ
khuynh hng bng bınh va vi pham mang lenh cua

´ ´ ` ` ˆ
´ ´ ` ˆ
Ðc Chua Tri. Nha tien tri cua Ðc Chua Tri thong
´ ` ˆ ˜ ` ` ´ ˆ ˆ
bao la ngoi vua se c ban cho ngi ma Ðc Gie-ho-
` ´ ` ´ ˜ ˆ `
va va y. Ðieu nay khien chung ta thay ro s vang li
` ` ´ ´ ` ` ` ´
t trong long co gia tri la chng nao oi vi Ðang Tao
´ ˆ
Hoa (1 Sa-mu-en 15:22, 23).
´
´ ˆ `
Ða-vıt, v i vua ke tiep cua nc Y-s-ra-en, la con trai
´ ˆ ` ˆ ´
ut trong mot gia ınh thuoc chi phai Giu-a. Ve s la
` ` ´ ´ ` ´ ´ ˆ
chon bat ng nay, Ðc Chua Tri noi vi Sa-mu-en:
` ` ` ´ ˆ ˆ `
“Loai ngi xem be ngoai, nhng Ðc Gie-ho-va nhın
` ˆ ˆ ´
thay trong long” (1 Sa-mu-en 16:7). Viec Ðang Tao Hoa
` ` ` ´ ´ ˆ
nhın vao con ngi be trong cua chung ta ch khong
` ` `
` ´ ˆ
nhın vao be ngoai chang phai la ieu khıch le hay sao?
ˆ ´ ˆ ` ´ ´ ˆ ˆ
Dau vay, Sau-l theo y rieng. T luc Ðc Gie-ho-va
´ ` ´
chon Ða-vıt lam vua tng lai, Sau-l b i am anh—b i

ˆ ´
´
ˆ ` ´ ´ ˆ ˆ
thoi thuc bi y tng diet tr Ða-vıt. Ðc Gie-ho-va
ˆ ´
` ` ` ´
khong e cho ieu o xay ra, va cuoi cung Sau-l va cac

ˆ
ˆ ´
con trai cua ong b i t tran trong khi tranh chien vi
ˆ ˆ ˆ `
mot dan gay chien goi la Phi-li-tin.
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
136 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
´ ´ ` ` ˆ
Ban
co the tham quan khu vc phıa nam t ng thanh Gie-ru-sa-lem,
´ ˘ ˆ ˆ
n i Vua Ða-vıt at
kinh o cua ong
´ ˆ ˆ ` ˆ ˆ
Ða-vıt len ngoi vua cai tr i
thanh Hep-ron. Roi ong
` ˆ ` ` ˆ ´ ˆ
chiem thanh Gie-ru-sa-lem va d
i thu o ve o. Ong
˜ ˆ ` ˜ ˆ ˆ ˆ ´
cung m
rong b
coi cua Y-s
-ra-en cho en tan bien gi
i
˜ ` ´ ˆ ˆ ˜ ´ ´
lanh ´ tho ma Ðc Gie-ho-va a ha ban cho con chau
´ ` `
cua Ap-ra-ham. Ban co the oc l ich s giai oan nay (va
´ ´ ´ ´
l ich s cac vua sau o) n
i sau sach l ich s trong Kinh-
´ ˆ ` ` ´ ´
Ðang Tao
´ ´ ´
ˆ ` ˆ `
thanh.1 Cac sach l ich s ay tiet lo la cuoc i cua Ða-
´ ˜ ´ ˜ `
vıt cung co ay nhng van e. Chang han vı chieu theo

` ˆ ˜ ˆ `
ham muon cua con ngi, ong a pham toi ngoai tınh
´ ` ´ ˆ ` ˜
vi nang Bat-Se-ba xinh ep va roi pham nhng ieu sai
´ ´ ` ´ ˆ ˆ ` ´ ´
trai khac trong khi tım cach che ay toi. La Ðc Chua
` ´ ´ ˆ ˆ ˆ
ˆ
Tri chınh trc, Ðc Gie-ho-va khong the bo qua toi loi

´ ` ´ ˆ ` ˘ ˘ ˆ ´
cua Ða-vıt. Nhng vı Ða-vıt chan thanh an nan nen Ðc
´ ` ˆ ` ˆ ´ ˆ ´ ´
Chua Tri khong oi buoc ap dung mot cach cng ran
` ˆ ´ ` ˆ ´ ˘ ´
hınh phat theo Luat Phap; du vay, Ða-vıt gap nhieu kho
˘ ` ` ˆ

ˆ
ˆ
khan trong gia ınh vı hau qua cua toi loi cua ong.

´ ˆ

` ´
Trai qua cac cuoc khung hoang nay, Ða-vıt dan dan
˜ ´ ´ ` ` ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
biet ro hn Ðc Chˆ ua Tri la mot Ðang co that—m ot
´
´ ´ ˆ ˆ
Ðang co cam xuc. Ong viet: “Ðc Gie-ho-va gan moi
` ` ˜ ˆ
ngi cau-khan Ngai... cung nghe tieng keu cau cua ho”

ˆ ` ` ˆ ` ˆ
(Thi-thien 145:18-20). Long thanh that va mo men cua

´ `
˜ ` ´ ` ´ ˆ `
Ða-vıt c bay to ro rang qua cac bai hat tuyet vi
ˆ ˆ
´ ˆ `
do ong soan chiem gan mot na sach Thi-thien. Hang
ˆ ` `
` ´ ˆ ` ´ `
trieu ngi tım c an ui va khıch le t cac bai th
` ˜ ´ ˆ `
´ ´ ´ ´
nay. Hay xem xet than tınh cua Ða-vıt vi Ðc Chua
`
´ ˆ ˜
Tri nh c phan anh ni Thi-thien 139:1-4: “Hi
´ ˆ ˆ ` ˜ ` ´ ˆ ` ˆ ´
Ðc Gie-ho-va, Ngai a do-xet toi, va biet toi. Chua biet
ˆ ´ ˆ ´ ˆ ` ´
khi toi ngoi, luc toi ng day. T xa Chua hieu-biet
´
ˆ ` `
ˆ ˜ ˆ ` ˜ ´
y-tng toi.... Vı li cha tren li toi, kıa, hi Ðc
ˆ ˆ ` ˜
Gie-ho-va, Ngai a biet tron het roi”.
´ ˘ ˆ ˜ ˘
´
´
Ða-vıt ac biet biet ro quyen nang giai cu cua Ðc
´ ` ˆ
Chua Tri (Thi-thien 20:6; 28:9; 34:7, 9; 37:39). Moi lan
ˆ ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
nghiem c, ong tin cay Ðc Gie-ho-va nhieu hn. Ban
´ ´ ´ ˆ
co the thay bang chng ve ieu o ni Thi-thien 30:5;
` ˘ ´ ˆ ˆ
62:8; va 103:9. Hoac ban co the oc Thi-thien 51, mot
` ´
` ˆ ´
bai th Ða-vıt viet sau khi c sa tr i vı pham toi vi
´ ˆ ˆ
´ ` ´ ´
Bat-Se-ba. That thoai mai lam sao khi biet chung ta co
ˆ ` ˆ ˆ ´ ´ ´
1 Ðay la 1 Sa-mu-en, 2 Sa-mu-en, 1 Cac Vua, 2 Cac Vua, 1 S-ky
` ´
va 2 S-ky.
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
138 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
ˆ ` ` ´ ´ `

the tho lo long mınh vi Ðang Tao Hoa va c bao am
` ` ˆ ˆ ` ˆ `
la Ngai khong kieu ky nhng khiem nhng lang nghe!
ˆ ˆ

`
(Thi-thien 18:35; 69:33; 86:1-8). Khong phai chı nh tr ai

ˆ ` ´ ´ ` ˆ
qua kinh nghiem ma Ða-vıt co long biet n nh the. Ong
ˆ
ˆ ´ ˜ ` `
viet: “[Toi] tng en moi viec Chua a lam, va suy-gam
ˆ ˆ
´ ˆ
cong-viec cua tay Chua” (Thi-thien 63:6; 143:5).
´ ˆ ˆ ˜ ˆ ˆ ´ ˘ ˆ ´
Ðc Gie-ho-va a lap mot giao c ac biet vi Ða-
´ ˆ ´ ` ` ´ ´ ˜ ˆ
vıt ve mot nc i i. Ða-vıt co le khong hieu tron

´ ´ ˜
ven tam quan trong cua giao c o, nhng qua nhng
´ ` ´ ´
chi tiet c ghi trong Kinh-thanh sau nay, chung ta co
` ´ ´ ` ` ˜ ˜
the thay la Ðc Chua Tri muon cho biet Dong Doi a
´ ˜ ` ` ˆ ´ ˆ
ha se ra t dong toc Ða-vıt (2 Sa-mu-en 7:16).
ˆ ˆ ˆ
Sa-lo-m` ´ on, v˜ i vua
khon
` ngoan,

va y nghıa cua i song
ˆ ˆ
´ ` ˆ
Sa-lo-mon, con trai cua Ða-vıt, noi tieng la khon
` ´ ´ ´ ` ˆ
ngoan, va chung ta co the c li ıch t s khon ngoan

ˆ ` ´ ˆ ˆ ` ´
cua ong nh oc sach Cham-ngon va sach Truyen-ao
` ˜ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
la nhng sach co gia tr i het sc thc te1 (1 Cac Vua 10:
´ ˘ ˆ ´ ´ ˜
23-25). Sach Truyen-ao ac biet giup ıch cho nhng ai
` ´ ˜
ˆ ´ ˆ
ang i tım y nghıa cua cuoc song nh chınh Sa-lo-
ˆ ˆ ˜ ` ` ´
mon, v i Vua khon ngoan, a lam. La vua nc Y-s-ra-
ˆ ˆ ` ` ` ˆ ˆ ˆ ´
en au tien sinh ra t dong hoˆ ang toc, Sa-lo-mon co rat
´ ˘ ˜
´ ´
nhieu trien vong trc mat. Ong cung am trach d an
ˆ ˜ ˆ ´

ˆ ˆ `
xay cat vı ai; ong co u loai cua ngon vat la tren ban;
ˆ
ˆ ` ´ ´
ong vui hng am nhac va giao du vi gii sang trong.
ˆ ˆ ´ ´ ˆ ˆ
Tuy nhien, ong viet: “Ðoan ta xem-xet cac cong-viec tay
` ˜ ` ` ` ˜ ` ´ `
mınh a lam va s lao-kho mınh a ch iu e lam no; kıa,
´ ` ˆ
moi ieu o la s h-khong” (Truyen-ao 2:3-9, 11). Sa-
ˆ ˆ ˆ `
lo-mon i en ket luan gı?
ˆ ˆ ´ ˜ `
´
Sa-lo-mon viet: “Chung ta hay nghe li ket cua ly-
` ´ ´ ´ ´ ` ` ˜ ´
thuyet nay: Kha kınh-s Ðc Chua Tri va gi cac
ˆ ˜ ´ ˜ ˆ ` ` ` ˆ `
1 Ong cung
vietˆ sach
´ Nh

a-ca,
´ m` ot
bai˘ th tınh
ˆ lam
` noi bat
long
trung trinh cua co gai tre vi chang chan chien hen mon.
´ ˆ ` ` ´ ´
Ðang Tao
˘ ` ` ˆ
` ´
ieu-ran Ngai; ay la tron phan-s cua ngi. Vı Ðc
´ ` ˜ ´ ´ ´ ˆ ˆ
Chua Tri se em oan-xet cac cong-viec, en noi
ˆ ´ ˆ ˘ ˆ ˘ ´ ˜ ˆ
viec kın-nhiem hn het, hoac thien hoac ac cung vay”
` ´ ´ ˆ ˆ
(Truyen-ao 12:13, 14). Phu hp vi ieu o, Sa-lo-mon
˜ ` ´ ˆ ˆ `
a tham d vao d an xay cat mot en th nguy nga
´ `
˘ ` ˆ ´ `
keo dai bay nam e lam ni cho dan chung th phng
´ ´ ` ´
Ðc Chua Tri (1 Cac Vua, chng 6).
˘ ´ ˆ ˆ ´ ´
Nhieu nam di trieu ai Sa-lo-mon, nc c thai
` ` ´ ` ˆ `
bınh va th inh vng (1 Cac Vua 4:20-25). Du vay, long

ˆ ˆ ´
´ ´ ˆ ˆ
cua ong khong chng to tron ven vi Ðc Gie-ho-va nh
´ ˆ ˆ ´ `
Ða-vıt. Sa-lo-mon ci nhieu v ngoai va e cho ho xoay
` ˆ ´
` ´ ˆ ˆ
long ong ve cac than cua ho. Cuoi cung Ðc Gie-ho-va
´ ˜ ´
` ´ ´
phan: “Ta se oat lay nc khoi ngi... Vı c Ða-vıt,
´ ` ` ´ ˆ ` ˜ ˜
ay-t ta, va vı c Gie-ru-sa-lem ma ta a chon, ta se e
ˆ ´ ´
lai mot chi-phai cho con trai ngi” (1 Cac Vua 11:4, 11-
13).
ˆ
Phan Ba—V ng quoc b i phan chia
ˆ ˆ ` ˘ `
Sau khi Sa-lo-mon chet vao nam 997 TCN, mi chi
´ ´ ` ˆ `
phai phıa bac ly khai va lap thanh vng quoc Y-s-ra-
ˆ ` ` ˘
en. Vng quoc nay bi A-si-ri chinh phuc vao nam 740
´ ˆ ´
TCN. Cac vua Gie-ru-sa-lem chı cai tri co hai chi
´ `
phai. Vng quoc Giu-a nay ton tai cho en khi Ba-by-
ˆ ` ˆ ` ˘
lon chinh phuc thanh Gie-ru-sa-lem vao nam 607 TCN;
` ˆ ` `
va dan c bi bat i lam phu tu. Giu-a bi bo hoang
˘
trong 70 nam.
ˆ ˆ ˆ ` ˆ ˆ ˆ
Sau khi Sa-lo-mon chet, con trai ong la Ro-bo-am len
` ` ´ ˆ ´ `
nam quyen va ha khac oi vi dan chung. Ðieu nay dan
ˆ ˆ ` ` ´
en mot cuoc noi loan va mi chi phai ly khai tr

` ´ ˆ ´
thanh nc Y-s-ra-en (1 Cac Vua 12:1-4, 16-20). Qua
˘ ´ ` ˆ ` ´
nhieu nam, vng quoc phıa bac nay khong con gan bo
´ ´ ´ ` ˆ ˜ ˆ ´ ` `
vi Ðc Chua Tri that na. Dan chung thng quy lay
´ ` ` ` ˘ ` ˜
trc hınh tng con bo bang vang hoac ri vao nhng
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
140 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
` ´ `
´ ˆ ´ ´
hınh thc th phng gia khac. Mot so vua b i am sat
`
ˆ ` ´ ˆ
va trieu ai cua ho b i lat o va b i tiem oat. Ðc Gie-
ˆ ˜ `
` ˆ
´ ` ˆ
ho-va a bay to long kien nhan ln lao; Ngai khong
´ ´ ˆ
´
´
`
ngt sai cac tien tri canh cao ca nc ve th ˆ am hoa ch
´ ´ ˆ ´ ˆ `
on ho neu ho c tiep tuc boi ao. Sach O-se va A-mot
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ ` ˆ
do cac tien tri viet cha ng thong iep danh rieng
´ ` ` ˘
cho vng quoc phıa bac. Cuoi cung, vao nam 740 TCN,
˜
´ ˆ
´
A-si-ri a em en tham hoa nh cac tien tri cua Ðc
´ ` ˜ ´ ´
Chua Tri a noi trc.
´ ˆ ` ´
Ve phıa nam, 19 vua lan lt ke v i thuoc nha Ða-vıt
ˆ ´ ˘ ´
cai tr i tren Giu-a ˆ cho ti nam 607 TCN. Cac Vua A-sa,
ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ ` ˆ
Gie-ho-sa-phat, E-xe-chia, va Gio-si-a cai tr i giong nh

` ´ `
´ ˆ ˆ
to phu cua ho la Ða-vıt, va ho c n cua Ðc Gie-ho-
´ ´
´
va (1 Cac Vua 15:9-11; 2 Cac Vua 18:1-7; 22:1, 2; 2 S-ky
´ ´ ` ´ ˆ ˆ ´
17:1-6). Di trieu cac vua nay, Ðc Gie-ho-va ban phc
´
cho vng quoc. Sach The Englishman’s Critical and
ˆ ˘ ´
Expository Bible Cyclopædia ghi nhan: “Ðac iem sang
´
` ` ´ ` ˆ
choi cua vng quoc Giu-a la en th, chc te le, va luat
´ ` ˘
´ ´ `
`
phap thanh van thay eu do Ðc Chua Tri chı inh, va
ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ´ ´ ` ´ ˆ ` ˆ
s cong nhan Gie-ho-va Ðc Chua Tri co mot va that
` ˆ ` ´ ˆ ´
la vua than quyen that.... S trung thanh vi luat phap
ˆ ´ ´ `
san xuat ra mot loat vua trong o co nhieu vua tot va
ˆ
ˆ ´ ˜ ˆ `
khon ngoan... Bi vay nc Giu-a a ton tai lau hn la
´ ´ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ´
nc ch i em phıa bac ong dan hn”. So vua thien that ıt
´ ˆ ´ `
´ `
oi so vi so vua khong bc theo ng cua Ða-vıt. Du
ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ ˜ ˆ ´
vay, Ðc Gie-ho-va a sap xep moi s viec e roi ‘Ða-vıt,
ˆ ´
` ´ ˆ ` ´ ˘ `
toi t cua Ngai, hang co mot ngon en trc mat Ngai

ˆ ` ` ´ ´ ´ ` ˜
Gie-ru-sa-lem, thanh ma chınh Ðc Chua Tri a chon
˘ `
´ ´
e at danh Ngai o’ (1 Cac Vua 11:36).
ˆ
Ði en cho huy diet

` ˆ ´
`
Ma-na-se la mot
trong cac vua Giu-a bo s th
ˆ ` `
ˆ
phng
that.
“Ngi a con trai mınh qua la, tap-

´ ˆ ` ` ´ ´
Ðang Tao
` ´ ˆ ˘ ` ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ ˜
tanh phep thien-van va viec boi iem; lap nen nhng
` ´ ` ` ´ ´ ˘ ´
ong-cot va thay boi. Ngi lam ieu ac trc mat Ðc
ˆ ˆ ´ ` ˆ ` ` ´
Gie-ho-va qua chng, choc gian Ngai hoai” (2 Cac Vua
ˆ ` ´
21:6, 16). Vua Ma-na-se quyen du dan s “lam ac hn
´ ˆ ˆ ` ´ ˆ ˆ ˜
ˆ
cac dan-toc ma Ðc Gie-ho-va a huy-diet”. Sau khi
ˆ
´ ` ˆ
ˆ
lien tiep canh cao Ma-na-se va dan s cua ong, Ðang
´ ˆ ˜ ´ ˆ
Tao Hoa tuyen bo: “Ta se xoa sach Gie-ru-sa-lem nh
` `
´ ˜
´ ´
ngi ta chui-ra cai ıa” (2 S-ky 33:9, 10; 2 Cac Vua
21:10-13).

´ ˆ ˆ
Nh m au, Ðc Gie-ho-va e cho A-si-ri bat Ma-
` ˆ ` ` `
na-se va xieng ong vao cum bang ong em i lam phu
`
´ ´ `
ˆ
tu (2 S-ky 33:11). Ni x lu ay, Ma-na-se tınh ngo
` ` ´ ˘ ´ ´ `
va “ha mınh xuong lam trc mat Ðc Chua Tri cua

` ´ ˆ ˆ
´ `
to-phu ngi”. Ðc Gie-ho-va phan ng nh the nao?
´ ´ `
` `
`
“[Ðc Chua Tri] du nghe li nai-xin cua ngi, dan
` ˆ ´ `
ngi ve Gie-ru-sa-lem trong nc ngi; khi ay Ma-
` ˆ ˆ ` ´ ´ `
na-se nhın biet Gie-ho-va la Ðc Chua Tri”. Vua Ma-
` ´
ˆ ` ˆ
ˆ
na-se va chau cua ong la Vua Gio-si-a, ca hai thc hien
˜
´ ˆ ˆ
nhng cai cach can thiet. Tuy vay, quoc gia van khong
`
˜ ˆ ` ˆ ˆ ´
t bo vınh vien s suy oi tren bınh dien rong ln ve
ˆ ´ ` ´
´ ´
ton giao va ao c (2 S-ky 33:1-20; 34:1–35:25; 2 Cac
Vua, chng 22).
ˆ ´ ` ´ ˆ ˆ ˜ ´ ˆ
Mot ieu ang ke la Ðc Gie-ho-va a sai cac tien tri
ˆ
` ˜ `
sot sang i tuyen bo quan iem cua Ngai ve nhng gı
ˆ ˆ ˆ `
´ ˆ ˆ
ang dien ra.1 Gie-re-mi thuat lai li cua Ðˆ c Gie-ho-
` ` ´
´ ˆ
va: “T ngay to-phu cac ngi ra khoi at E-dıp-to cho
` ˜ ´ ´ ´ ˆ
en ngay nay, ta a sai moi ay-t ta, tc cac tien-tri,
` ´ ` ˆ ´
en cung cac ngi; moi ngay ta day sm sai ho en”.
ˆ ˆ ´ ´ ` ` ´
Nhng dan s khong nghe Ðc Chua Tri. Ho lam ac
˜ ˆ ˆ ´ ´ ´ ˆ
1 Nhng thong iep co tınh cach tien tri c soi dan nh
ˆ ˆ ´ ´ ˆ ˆ ˆ
tren nam trong mˆ ot ˆ so sach trong Kinh-thanh nh E-sai, Gie-re-
ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
mi, Ca-thng, E-x ´ e-chien, Gi o- en, Mi-ch e, Ha-ba-c uc, S o-ph o-
` ´ ´ ˆ ` ´ ˜
ni. Con cac sach Ap-ia, Gio-na, va Na-hum chu trong en nhng
ˆ ˆ ` ´
´

dan toc chung quanh ma cac giao d ich cua ho co anh hng en
ˆ
´ ´ `
dan s cua Ðc Chua Tri.
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
142 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?

ˆ ˆ ` ˆ
hn to phu cua ho! (Gie-re-mi 7:25, 26). Ngai khong
´
´ ` ` ´ ` ´ ˆ
ngt canh cao ho “vı [Ngai] co long thng-xot dan-s

` ˆ ´ ´ ´ `
[cua Ngai]”. Ho van khong ch iu ap ng. Do o, Ngai
˜ ´ ˆ ´
ˆ ` `
a cho phep Ba-by-lon pha huy Gie-ru-sa-lem va lam
´ ˆ ` ˘ ´
cho x nen hoang vu vao nam 607 TCN. X b i bo hoang

˘
´ ˆ ˆ
trong 70 nam (2 S-ky 36:15, 16; Gie-re-mi 25:4-11).
ˆ ˆ ´ ` ˆ
´ ´ ` ˆ
Viec on qua cac hanh ong cua Ðc Chua Tri nen
´ ´ ˆ ´ ˆ ` ´
giup chung ta nhan thc c s quan tam va cach c

´
´ ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ
`
x chınh trc cua Ðc Gie-ho-va oi vi dan cua Ngai.
` ˆ ´ ` ˆ ` `
Ngai khong r ut lui va khong ngoi ch xem ngi ta
` ` ` ˜ ` ´ ´
lam gı, nh the Ngai lanh am. Ngˆ ai tıch cc co giup
´ ˆ
´ ˜ ´
ho. Ban co the thong cam tai sao E-sai noi: “Hi Ðc
ˆ ˆ ` ` ´ ˆ ´ ˆ
`
Gie-ho-va,... Ngai la Cha ˆ chung toi!... Chung toi thay la
ˆ
` ` ˆ `
viec cua tay Ngai” (E-sai 64:8). Vı vay ngay nay nhieu
` ´ ´ ` ` ` ´
ngi noi en Ðang Tao Hoa nh la “Cha” vı Ngai ap
` ˆ ` ´ ˆ ` ˆ
nh la mot
lai ngi cha co yeu thng va quan tam.
ˆ ` ˜ ´
Tuy nhien, Ngai cung biet rang chung ta phai ch iu

´ ˆ ` ˆ
´ ` ˆ
trach nhiem ve ng loi rieng cua chung ta cung hau

´
qua cua no.
ˆ ˆ
` ` ˘ `
Sau khi dan toc trai qua thi ky 70 nam phu tu Ba-
ˆ ˆ ˆ ´ ´ ` ˜ ` ` ` ˆ
by-lon, Gie-ho-va Ðc Chua Tri a lam thanh li tien

` ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ
tri cua Ngai ve viec khoi phuc Gie-ru-sa-lem. Dan s

´ ` ´
ˆ ˆ
c giai phong va c phep tr ve que hng e ‘xay-
`
´ ˆ ˆ
ˆ
cat lai en-thˆ cua Ðc Gie-ho-va Gie-ru-sa-lem’ (E-
ˆ ´
x-ra 1:1-4; E-sai 44:24–45:7). Mot so sach trong Kinh-
´ ´ ˆ ` ˆ ˆ ´
thanh1 noi ve s khoi phuc nay, cong cuoc tai thiet en
` ˘ ˜ ´ ˆ ´ ´
th, hoac nhng bien co sau o. Mot trong cac sach ay,
´ ˆ ˘ ` ˜ ˆ ˆ ´ ´
sach Ða-ni-en, rat ac s ac v ı a ti en tri mot cach chınh
´ ` ` ˜ ˘ ˆ ˆ `
xac khi nao Dong Doi hoac ang Me-si xuat hien va
˜ ˆ ˜ ´ `
cung tien tri ve nhng dien bien the gii trong thi ai
´
chung ta.
˜ ´
` ˆ ` ´ ˆ ˆ
ˆ 1 Nhng
ˆ
sach l ich s va tien tri nay gom co E-x-ra, Ne-he-mi,
ˆ `
E-x-te, A-ghe, Xa-cha-ri, va Ma-la-chi.
´ ˆ ` ` ´ ´
Ðang Tao
` ` ´ ˆ
Cuoi cung en th c tai thiet, nhng Gie-ru-sa-
` `
` `
lem van con trong tınh trang tham thng. Tng va

` ´ ` ˆ ´ ´ ` ˜ ˆ
ca thanh o nat. Vı vay Ðc Chua Tri a day len
˜ ` ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ ` ´
nhng ngi nh Ne-he-mi e khıch le va to chc lai
` ´ ˆ ` ˆ ` ´ ´
ngi Do Thai. Mot bai cau nguyen ma chung ta co the
ˆ ˆ ˜ ´
´
oc thay ni Ne-he-mi chng 9 a tom lc ay u cac

´ ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ `
giao d ich cua Ðc Gie-ho-va vi dan Y-s-ra-en. Bai cau
ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ ` ˆ ´ ´ `
nguyen cho thay Ðc Gie-ho-va la “mot Ðc Chua Tri
´ ` ` ´ ˆ ´
san tha-th, hay lam n, va thng-xot, cham nong
ˆ ` ˆ ` ` ˆ ˜
gian, va d ay nhan-t”. Bai cau nguyen cung cho
´ ˆ ˆ ` ˆ ` ´ ˆ
thay Ðc Gie-ho-va hanh ong phu hp vi tieu chuan
` ` ˆ ´
`
´ ´
hoan toan ve cong ly cua Ngai. Ngay ca khi co ly do
´ ´ ` ˘ ` ´ `
chınh ang e dung quyen nang thi hanh an phat, Ngai
` ` ˆ ´ ´ ` ˆ `
san sang dung hoa cong ly vi tınh yeu thng. Ngai
` ` ˆ ´ ˘ ` ˆ
lam c ieu nay mot cach thang bang va gay c s
ˆ ` ˆ ˜ ` ´
kham phuc, h an Ng ai r at kh on ngoan. R o r ang cach
´ ´ ˆ ˆ
Ðang Tao Hoa giao d ich vi quoc gia Y-s-ra-en nen
´ ´ ` ` ´ ´ `
khien chung ta en vi Ngai va thuc ay chung ta lam
´
`
theo y muon cua Ngai.
´ ` ´ ´ `
Khi phan Kinh-thanh nay (Cu c) ket thuc thı
´ ` ˆ
vng quoc Giu-a vi en th tai Gie-ru-sa-lem c
´
ˆ ˆ `
phuc h oi nhng d i s
cai tr i cua dan ngoai. Vay lam
` ´
´ ´ ` ´ ´ ˆ
the nao giao c cua Ðc Chua Tri vi Ða-vıt ve mot
` ˜ ˜ ` ` `
“dong-doi” se cai tr i “i i” c thanh tu? (Thi-
ˆ ` ´ ˆ
thien 89:3, 4; 132:11, 12). Ngi Do Thai van trong i
ˆ
ˆ ˆ ˜ `
s xuat hien cua mot “ang Me-si, v i Lanh Ðao” la
` ˜
´ ˆ
´ ´ ` ` ˆ
ngi se giai thoat dan cua Ðc Chua Tri va thiet lap
ˆ ´ ´ ´ ` ˆ
mot nc than quyen (do Ðc Chua Tri cai tr i) tren
ˆ ` ´ ´
` ´
at (Ða-ni-en 9:24, 25, NW). Du sao o co phai la y inh

´ ´ ` ˆ ˆ
`
cua Ðc Chua Tri khong? Neu khong phai thı ang
ˆ ˜
´ ` ` ´
Me-si se em lai s giai thoat nh the nao? Va ieu o

´ ` ´
anh hng en chung ta ngay nay ra sao? Chng ti
˜ ´ ˜ `
se xem xet nhng van e quan trong nay.
´
CH NG CH IN
ˆ ´ ´ ´
Mot
Thay day
ln giup chung ta biet
´ ˜
Ðang Tao Hoa ro hn
˜ ` ˆ ` ´ ˆ
NHNG ngi Pha-le-tin vao the ky th nhat “trong-
ˆ ` ˆ
i”. Trong i gı? Trong i “Ðang Christ” hay “ ang
ˆ ` ´ ˆ ´ ´ ` ˜ ´ `
Me-si” ma cac tien tri cua Ðc Chua Tri a noi en t
´ ` ´
nhieu the ky trc. Ngi ta tin Kinh-thanh c viet
´ ´ ´ ` ` ´ ˜
di s soi dan cua Ðc Chua Tri va cha ng nhng
` ˆ ˆ ˜ ` ˆ
li tien tri ve tng lai. Mot trong nhng li tien tri
´ ´ ˆ ˆ ˜ `
o trong sach Ða-ni-en cho biet ang Me-si se en vao
´ ˆ
khoang au the ky th nhat (Lu-ca 3:15; Ða-ni-en 9:24-
26, NW).
ˆ ˆ ` ´ ` ˜
Tuy nhien, ho can than trong vı co nhieu ngi se

ˆ ˆ ` ˆ
noi len mao nhan la ang me-si (Ma-thi- 24:5). S gia Do
´ ´ ˆ ` ` ˆ ˆ
Thai Josephus noi en mot vai ngi: Theu- a dan o e
´ ˆ ˆ ` ´ ` ´ ˆ ˜ ˜ ˆ `
ti Sˆ ong Gio- anh va noi la nc song se re ra; mot ngi
` ´ ˆ ` ´ ˆ ` `
t E-dıp-to dan ngi ta en Nui O-li-ve, va qua quyet la
` ` ˆ ˜ ˆ ˆ
tng thanh Gie-ru-sa-lem se sap xuong theo lenh cua
ˆ ` ` `
ˆ ´ ˆ
ong ta; va vao thi quan tong oc Phe-tu, co mot ke gia mao
´ ´ ˆ ´ ˆ ´
ha giai thoat khoi moi phien muon. (So sanh Cong-vu cac
´
S- o 5:36; 21:38).
´ ´ ˜ ˆ ´ ` ˆ ˆ ´ `
Trai vi nhng o e b i anh la tren, mot nhom ngi
` ´ ˆ ´ ˆ
c goi la “tın o ang Christ” nhan biet Chua Gie-su
` ´ ` ´ ` ` ˆ ˆ
ngi Na-xa-ret la thay day ln va la ang me-si that
ˆ ´ ´ ´ ´ ˆ
(Cong-vu cac S- o 11:26, NW; Mac 10:47). Chua Gie-su
ˆ ` ˆ ` ´
khong phai la ang Me-si gia mao; ngai co nhieu bang
´ ´ ´ ´ ˆ ´
chng co tın lc nhˆ c xac nhan trong bon cuon sach
` ´ ` ´
l ich s goi la Phuc Am.1 Chang han, ngi Do Thai biet
´ ` ˘ ` ˜ ˆ ´ ´ ˆ
1 Ma-thi-,
` Mac va Giˆ ang ˆ la nhˆ ng nhˆ an ´ chngˆ chng ˆ ki` en tan ´
m` at. C ˆ on Lu-ca
` ´ th ´ c
hi en
´ mot cu
˜ oc
nghi` en cu
´ uyen th´ am d ung
´ c
´ ac
tai li´ eu ˆ va cac
ch´ ng ˘ c
cua nh ` ng ` ngiˆ chng ` muc ˆ kıch.´ Cac ´sach`
Ph´ uc Am ˆ eu co ac iem la tng ´ thuat thˆ anhˆ that,
chınh xac va
ang tin cay. (Xin xem Cuon sach cho muon dan, trang 16, 17, do
Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc. xuat ban).
ˆ ´ ´ ´ ´ ˜
Mot
Thay day
ln giup chung ta biet Ðang Tao
Hoa ro hn 145
ˆ ˜ ˆ ˆ ` ˜
rang ang Me-si se sinh ra tai Bet-le-hem, thuoc dong doi
´ ` ˜ ` ˆ ˆ ` ˆ
˜
Ða-vıt va se lam nhieu cong viec ky dieu. Tat ca nhng
` ´ ˆ ´ ˆ ` ´
ieu nay eu ng nghiem ni Chua Gie-su, va chınh
˜
` ˜
` ˆ ˆ
nhng ke chong oi ngai cung phai nhın nhan nh vay.
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
´ ˆ ` ˆ
Ðung vay, Chua Gie-su hoi u cac ieu kien la ang Me-si
` ´ ´ ˘
ma Kinh-thanh noi en (Ma-thi- 2:3-6; 22:41-45; Giang 7:
31, 42).
` ˜ ˘ ´ ˆ ´ ´ ˆ
Rat nhieu ngi a gap Chua Gie-su, quan sat cac viec
` ´ ˜ ` ˆ ˆ ´ ` ˆ
lam ln lao, nghe nhng li khon ngoan oc ao, va nhan

˘ ´
` ` `
biet kha nang thay trc cua ngai, eu tin ngai la ang
ˆ ` ` ` ´ ´
Me-si. Trong thi gian ngai lam thanh chc (29-33 CN),
´ ´ ´ ˆ
`
cac bang chng ve chc v i Me-si cua ngai chat cao nh
´ ˆ ˆ ` ` ` ` ˆ
nui. That vay, ngai cho thay ngai con hn la ang Me-si
˜ ˆ ˆ ` ´ ˆ `
ˆ ´
na. Mot mon o, t cac s kien ma ban than chng
˜ ˆ ´ ´ ˆ ` ´
kien, a ket luan: “Ðc Chua Jesus la Ðang Christ, tc
` ´ ´ ` ˘
la Con Ðc Chua Tri”1 (Giang 20:31).
` ´ ˆ ˆ ´ ´ ´ `
Vı co moi quan he mat thiet vi Ðc Chua Tri nh
ˆ ´ ˆ ´
´ ` ˆ
the nen Chua Gie-su co the giai thıch va tiet lo ve Ðang
´ ˘ ´ ˆ
Tao Hoa (Lu-ca 10:22; Giang 1:18). Chua Gie-su qua

ˆ ˆ ˆ ` ` ´ ´ `
quyet rang moi lien he mat thiet ma ngai co vi Cha ngai
` ˆ ` ´ ` ` ˆ ´ ´ ´
bat au t tren tri, ni o ngai lam viec vi Ðc Chua
` ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˜ `
Tri trong cong cuoc tao dng muon vat, vat hu sinh va
ˆ ˆ ˘ ˆ ˆ
vat vo sinh (Giang 3:13; 6:38; 8:23, 42; 13:3; Co-lo-se 1:
15, 16).
´ ` ˜ `
Kinh-thanh cho biet ngi Con a c chuyen t
˜ `
ˆ ` `
lanh vc than linh va “tr nen giong nh loai ngi”
´ ` ˜ ` ˆ
1 Kinh Koran noi: “Ngai se c goi la Gi e-su Christ, con trai

ˆ ` `
cua Ma-ri, c ton trong ` trong the gian nay va trong Tng Lai
ˆ ` ˆ `
mai sau” (Sura 3:45). La mot ng i, Gi e-su l a con trai cua Ma-ri.
´ ˆ ` ˆ ´
Nhng ai ch iu trach nhiem ˆ la cha? Kinh Koran ghi nhan: “Trc
˘ ´ ´ `
mat Ðc Chua´ Tri, Gie-su tng t nh A-am” (Sura 3:59).
´ ` ´ ´ `
Kinh-thanh noi A-am la “con Ðc Chua Tri” (Lu-ca 3:23, 38).

ˆ ˆ
` `

Cha cua ca A-am lan Gie-su eu khong phai la ngi; ca hai eu
ˆ
´ ` ` ` ` ˆ
khong bi s giao hp vi an ba ma sinh ra. Vı vay, ´ nh´ A-am
` ´ ´ ` ` ´ ˆ ˜ ` `
la con Ðc Chua Tri thı Chua Gie-su cung la con Ðc Chua Tri.
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
146 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
´ ˆ
(Phi-lıp 2:5-8). Mot bien co
ˆ ˆ `
nh the that khong bınh
` ´
thng, nhng co the c
ˆ ´ `
khong? Cac nha khoa hoc
´ ˆ ` ˆ ˆ
xac nhan la mot nguyen to
ˆ ˆ ´
thien nhien nh urani, co
` ˆ
the chuyen thanh nguyen
´ ˆ ´ ´
to khac. Tham chı ho co the
´

tınh c ket qua khi khoi
` ˘
lng chuyen thanh nang
ˆ
l ng (E6mc 2 ). Vay t ai
´ ˆ
sao chung ta ho nghi viec
´ ´ ˆ
Kinh-th anh n oi m ot t ao
ˆ
vat than linh c chuyen
` ˆ `
thanh mot ngi?
´ ´
´
Cac nha khoa hoc
`
thc hien
ˆ
s Ð e ch ng m inh c ach
ˆ kh ac, ch ung ta h ay suy
´ ´ ˜
thu tinh trong ong nghiem. Ðang
´ ˜
´ ´ ˜
Tao Hoa chuyen s song cua Con
` ` ` nghı ve ket qua cac bac sı
Ngai thanh ngi ˜ ˆ
a at c trong viec thu
ˆ ˆ ˆ ` ` `
tinh trong “ong nghiem”. Mot phoi bao thanh hınh trong
ˆ `

` ` ` `
ong nghiem c cay vao t cung cua ngi an ba va
´ ˆ ´ `
sau o mot em be c sinh ra. Trong trng hp cua

´ ˆ ´

´ ´ `
Chua Gie-su, Kinh-thanh bao am vi chung ta la s

` ` ˆ ` ˜
song cua ngai c chuyen vao mot ngi n ong trinh
ˆ `
´
`
ten la Ma-ri bi “quyen-phep cua Ðang Rat Cao”. Nang
ˆ ` ´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˜ ` ` `
thuoc dong Ða-vıt nen Chua Gie-su se la ngi tha ke
˜ ´
ˆ ˜ ´ ´ ´
vınh vien Nc cua ang Me-si a c ha vi Ða-vıt
(Lu-ca 1:26-38; 3:23-38; Ma-thi- 1:23).
` ´ ˆ ˆ ´ ´ `
Vı co moi quan he mat thiet vi Ðang Tao Hoa va
`
` ˆ ´ ˆ ´ ˜
mang hınh anh giong Ngai nen Chua Gie-su noi: “Ai a
´ ` ˜ ˘ ` ˜ ´
thay ta, tc la a thay Cha” (Giang 14:9). Ngai cung noi:
` ` ` ` `
` `
“Ngoai Con, va ngi nao ma Con muon to ra cung, thı
˜ ˆ ´ ` ´
cung khong co ai biet Cha la ai” (Lu-ca 10:22). Do o, khi
˜ ´ ˆ ` ` ˆ ´
biet nhng ieu Chua Gie-su day va lam tren at, chung
ˆ ´ ´ ´ ´ ˜
Mot
Thay day
Hoa ro hn 147
´ ´ ´
´ ˜ ´
ta co the thay ca tınh cua Ðang Tao
Hoa ro hn. Chung
˜ ´ ` ˆ
˜
ta hay xem xet ieu nay qua kinh nghiem cua nhng
` ` ˆ ` ` ` ` ´ ´ ˆ
ngi an ong va an ba tng giao d ich vi Chua Gie-su.
` ` `
Ng i an ba Sa-ma-ri
´ ˆ ´ ´ ˆ ˆ ´ `
Sau khi noi chuyen vi Chua Gie-su mot luc, ngi
` ` `

`
an ba Sa-ma-ri bay to s kinh ngac “Ay chang phai la
˘ ` ` ˜
Ðang Christ sao?” (Giang 4:29). Ba con i goi nhng
` ´ ` ˆ ˆ ˘ ´ ˆ
ngi khac t th i tran Si-kha lan can en gap Chua Gie-
˜ ` ˜ ´ ` ˆ ´ ˆ
su na. Ðieu gı a thuc ay ba chap nhan Chua Gie-su
` ˆ
la ang Me-si?
` ` ` ` ˘ ´ ˆ ´ `
Ngi an ba nay gap Chua Gie-su luc ngai ngoi nghı

ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ ˜ `
sau suot mot buoi sang i bo tren nhng con ng bui
ˆ
` ´ ˘ `
ˆ ´ ˆ
bam vung oi x Sa-ma-ri. Mac du moi met, Chua Gie-
´ ˆ ´ ` ´ ` ´
su van noi chuyen vi ba. Quan sat thay ba ham thıch ve
ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ
´ ` ˜ ˜ ˆ
thieng lieng, Chua Gie-su chia se vi ba nhng le that
ˆ
ˆ ` ˜ ˆ `
sau xa ve s can thiet phai “lay tam-than va le that ma
` ` ` ˆ ` ˆ `
th-phng Cha”. Cuoi cung ngai tiet lo ngai that la
ˆ ` ` ` ˆ
ang Christ, mot ieu ma ngai cha tng tuyen xng
´ ˆ ´ ˘
trc cong chung (Giang 4:3-26).
` ` ` ` ˆ ˘ ˜ `
Ngi an ba Sa-ma-ri nay thay cuoc gap g bat ng
´ ´ ˆ ´ ˜ ´ ˆ ` ˆ ´
vi Chua Gie-su ay y nghıa. Trc ay, ba c ton giao

` ` ´ ` ˆ
cua ba day th phng tai Nui Ga-ri-xim va da tren
´ ˘
´ ` ´
co nam cuon au cua Kinh-thanh. Ngi Do Thai xa
´ ` ` `
lanh ngi Sa-ma-ri; nhieu ngi trong ho la con lai do
ˆ ´
˜ ` ´ ˆ ` ´ ˆ
viec ci ga gia mi chi phai Y-s-ra-en va cac dan
´ ´ ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ ` `
khac. Chua Gie-su that khac biet lam sao! Ngai muon
` ` ` ´
` `
day ngi Sa-ma-ri nay, du s mang cua ngai la i en
` ´ ˆ
` ˆ
cung “cac con chien lac-m at cua nha Y-s-ra-en” (Ma-
´ ` ´ ˆ ´
thi- 15:24). Bang cach nay, Chua Gie-su cho thay Ðc
ˆ ˆ ` ˆ ˜ ` ` ˆ
Gie-ho-va san sang chap nhan nhng ngi thanh that
` ˆ ˆ ´ ´ ˆ
´ ˆ
t muon dan (1 Cac Vua 8:41-43). Ðung vay, ca Chua Gie-
´ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ
su lan Ðc Gie-ho-va eu khong chap nhan thai o co
´ ` ˆ ´ `
chap, au oc hep hoi ve ton giao ang lan tran trong the
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
148 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
´ ˆ ` ´ ` ´
Khi nghe Chua Gie-su va thay cach c x cua ngai vi
` ` ´ ´ ` ˜
ngi ta, nhieu ngi biet Ðc Chua Tri ro hn
´ ` `
´ ´
gii ngay nay. S hieu biet nay phai keo chung ta lai gan
´ `
`
Ðang Tao Hoa va Con cua Ngai.
` ˆ ` ´ ` ´ ´ ´
` ˆ
Con mot bai hoc khac ma chung ta co the rut tıa t viec
´ ˆ ` ` ` ` ´ ´ `
Chua Gie-su muon day ngi an ba nay. Luc o, ba
´ ˆ ` ` ˆ ˆ
`
ang song vi mot ngi an ong khong phai la chong
˘ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
(Giang 4:16-19). Tuy nhien, Chua Gie-su khong e cho
`

` ´ ˆ ´ ` ´
ieu nay can tr ngai noi chuyen vi ba. Ban co the hieu
` ` ˜ ` ˆ
` ˆ
la ba a biet n vı nhan pham cua ba c ton trong.
`
` ˆ
` `
Trng hp cua ba khong phai la duy nhat. Khi vai
` ˜ ´
´ ´ ˆ
ngi lanh ao Do Thai (Pha-ri-si) chı trıch Chua Gie-su
˘ ´
´ ˆ ˘ ˘ ` ´
an chung vi ke co toi biet an nan, ngai noi: “Chang phai

` `
ˆ ` `
la ngi khoe-manh can thay thuoc au, song la ngi
´ ˜ ` ˆ ˜ ` `
co b inh. Hay i, va hoc cho biet cau nay nghıa la gı: Ta
´
`
muon s thng-xot, nhng chang muon cua-le. Vı ta
ˆ ˆ
ˆ
ˆ ` ˆ
en ay khong phai e keu ke cong-bınh, song keu ke

´ ˆ ´ ˆ
´ ˜
co toi” (Ma-thi- 9:10-13). Chua Gie-su m tay giup
˜ `
´ ´ ˘
ˆ
nhng ngi ang than th di ganh nang cua toi loi
ˆ ´ ´ ´ ´ ˜
Mot
Thay day
Hoa ro hn 149

` ˆ ´ ` ˆ
´
cua ho—v ı vi pham luat phap hay la tieu chuan cua Ðc
´ ` ˆ ` ´ ´ `
Chua Tri. That am long biet bao khi biet Ðc Chua Tri
`
` ˜ ´ ˜

va Con cua Ngai se giup nhng ai kho s do hanh kiem

` ´ ´ ˆ
cua mınh trong qua kh gay ra! (Ma-thi- 11:28-30).1
´ ˆ ` ´ ˆ ˆ
`
Co mot iem ma chung ta khong nen bo qua la trong
`
´ ˆ ˜ ´ ˆ
`
d ip nay Sa-ma-ri, Chua Gie-su a noi chuyen t te va
´ ˜ ˆ ` ` ` ` ´ ´ ´
giup mot ngi an ba. Tai sao iem nay ang chu y?
` ` ´ ` ` ˆ ´ ` ˆ
Vao thi o, ngi an ong Do Thai c day la nen
´ ´ ˆ ´ ` ` ˆ ˆ ` ` ´
tranh noi chuyen vi an ba ni cong cong du la vi v
` ´
´ ´ ˜ ` `
mınh. Cac thay ra-bi cua Do Thai Giao nghı an ba
ˆ ´
˘ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ
khong co kha nang thau nhan s day do sau xa ve thieng
ˆ ` ´ ´ ˆ ` ´
lieng va coi ho nh co “au oc han hep”. Mot so ngi noi:
` ´ `
ˆ ´ ` ` ´ `
“Tha ot chay li cua luat phap con hn la noi cho an
` ` ´ ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ
ba hay”. Vı ln len trong bau khong khı nh the nen khi

´ ˆ
´ ˆ ˜ ` `
tr lai, cac mon o cua Chua Gie-su “eu sng-s ve Ngai
´ ´ ˆ ` ` ` ˘ ` ˆ
noi vi mot ngi n-ba” (Giang 4:27). S tng thuat
` ˆ ` ˆ ´ ˜ `
nay—mot trong nhieu tng thuat khac—cho thay ro la
´ ˆ `

`
Chua Gie-su mang hınh anh cua Cha ngai, Ðang dng
ˆ `
` ˆ ` ` ´ ´
nen va coi trong ca an ong lan an ba (Sang-the Ky
2:18).
´ ` ` ` ˜ `
Sau o ngi an ba Sa-ma-ri a thuyet phuc ngi
`
` ´ ˆ `
trong thanh cua ba en nghe Chua Gie-su. Nhieu ngi
˜ ´ ´ ˆ `
` ` ´ ˆ
a xem xet cac s kien va tr thanh ngi tin Chua Gie-
´ ´ ` ˆ ` ´ ´
su. Ho noi ho “biet rang chınh Ngai that la Cu-Chua

˘ ` ´
cua the-gian” (Giang 4:39-42). Vı chung ta nam trong

ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ
“the-gian” cua nhan loai nen Chua Gie-su quan trong

´ ˜
cho tng lai cua chung ta na.
ˆ ` ´ ´
Quan iem cua mot
ng i anh ca
ˆ ` ´ ˜ ` ´ ˆ ´ ˘
Bay gi chung ta hay nhın Chua Gie-su di cap
mat

` ˆ ´ ` ` ˘
cua hai ngi ban than, o la Phi-e-r va Giang. Hai
´ ˆ
´ ˆ ` ´ ´ ˆ
´ ˆ ˆ
1 Thai o cua Chua Gie-su phu hp vi th ai o cua Ðc Gie-ho-

ˆ ` ˆ
va nh c dien ta ni Thi-thien 103 va E-sai 1:18-20.
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
150 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
` ´ ´ ` ` ˜
ngi anh ca tam thng nay nam trong so nhng
ˆ ˆ

` ˘
mon o tien khi cua ngai (Ma-thi- 4:13-22; Giang
` ˆ `
1:35-42). Ngi Pha-ri-si xem ho thuoc thanh phan
˜ ` ´ ˆ ˜ ` ˆ `
nhng “ngi dot-nat khong hoc”, nhng ngi que mua
˜ ` ` ` ˆ
(am-ha·a1rets), nhng ngi b i khinh thng vı khong

` ˜ ˆ ´
c hoc trng nh nhng thay ra-bi (Cong-vu cac
´ ˘ ` ˆ `
S-o 4:13; Giang 7:49). Nhieu ngi dan tam thng ay
ˆ
` ´ ˘ ´ ´ ´
˜
˜
b i “met-m oi va ganh nang” di cai ach cua nhng ke gi
´ ´
ao theo truyen thong; ho khao khat c soi sang ve
ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ
thieng lieng. Giao s Charles Guignebert thuoc ai hoc
` ˆ ` ˆ ´
Sorbonne bınh luan rang “tron long ho thuoc ve Ðc Gia-
ˆ ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ ´ ˜
ve [Gie-ho-va]”. Chua Gie-su khong xoay lng vi nhng
` ` ` ` ` ˜ ` `
ngi hen mon nay ma hua theo nhng ngi giau sang
˘ ´ ´ `
´
hoac co the lc. Trai lai, ngai to Cha ra cho ho qua cac
` ´ `
day do va qua cach ngai c x (Ma-thi- 11:25-28).

´ ˆ ´ ˆ
Chınh Phi-e-r trc tiep nghiem c thai o ay quan
ˆ
` ´ ˆ ` ´
tam cua ngai. Sau khi theo Chua Gie-su i lam thanh
´ ˆ ` `
ˆ ´ `
chc mot thi gian ngan, ba gia cua ong b i nong sot. Va
´ ` ` ´ ˆ ` `
bc vao nha Phi-e-r, Chua Gie-su cam lay tay ba, va cn
´ ´ ˆ ´
sot bien mat! Chung ta co the khong biet dien tien chınh
´ ˆ ˜ ` ˜ ´ ˜ `
xac trong viec cha tr i nay, cung giong nh cac y sı ngay
ˆ
´
´ ˆ ˜
nay khong the giai thıch thoa ang mot so s cha tr i

` ` ˜ `
` `
xay ra nh the nao, du sao cn sot a ri khoi ngi an
` ` ˆ ´ ˜
´ ˆ
ba nay. Viec biet phng phap cha tr i cua Chua Gie-su
ˆ ˆ ´ ´ ˜
khong quan trong bang viec y thc rang qua s cha tr i
` ˆ ` ` ` `
ngi benh va ngi khon kho, ngai cho thay long thng
´ ´ ` ` ˆ
xot oi vi ho. Giong nh Cha ngai, ngai that s muon
´ ´ ´ ´ ` ˆ
Ban˜ cò the `thıch th u so sanh s tng thuat song song´ ve s
cha lanh ba gia cua Phi-e-r (Ma-thi-
´ 8:14-17;
ˆ ˆ M ac 1:29-31;

Lu-ca
ˆ 4:38,
` ` 39).ˆ Thay thu oc Lu-ca n` oi ´ them ´ mot chi ˆ tiet v˜ e cn
benh
` l` a ba bi “len
` cn´ sot”. Ðieu´ gı giup ˆ Ch ` ua Gi e-su ch ´ a cho´
ba va cho ´ ng ˆ iˆ khac? Lu-ca xac ` nhan ´ la “quy ˆ en-ph ep˜ Chua
[Ðc Gi` e-ho-va]
´ trong Ngai [Ch ua Gie-su] e ch a
lanh cac b inh” (Lu-ca 5:17; 6:19; 9:43).
ˆ ´ ´ ´ ´ ˜
Mot
Thay day
Hoa ro hn 151
´ ` ´ ` ´ ´
giup ngi ta (Mac 1:29-31, 40-43; 6:34). Nh tiep xuc vi
´ ˆ ´ ´
Chua Gie-su, Phi-e-r co the thay Ðang Tao Hoa coi moi
` ` ´ ˘ ´
ngi la trong, eu ang c cham soc (1 Phi-e-r 5:7).
` ˆ ´ ´ ˆ `
Vao mot lan khac, Chua Gie-su ngoi trong Hanh Lang
` ˜
` ˆ `
danh cho phu n en th Gie-ru-sa-lem. Ngai quan
´ `
´ ´ ` ˜ `
sat ngi ta bo tien ong gop vao rng. Nhng ngi
`
` ˘ ´ ´ ` ˆ
giau bo vao nhieu tien. Cham chu quan sat, ngai thay mot
` ` ` ´
´ ´ ´ ´ ˆ ´
ngi an ba goa bo hai xu co gia tr i ıt oi. Chua Gie-su noi
´ ˘ ` ´ ˜ ` ´
ˆ
vi Phi-e-r, Giang va vi nhng ngi khac: “Qua that,
´ ` ´ ´ ` ˜
`
ta noi cung cac ngi, mu goa ngheo nay a bo tien vao

˜ ` ˜
` `
rng nhieu hn het thay nhng ngi a bo vao. Vı moi

´
`
` ` `
ke khac lay cua d mınh bo vao, con mu nay ngheo-cc
˜

` ´ `
´ ˆ `
lam, a bo het cua mınh co, la het cua co e nuoi mınh”
´
(Mac 12:41-44).
´ ` ´ ˆ ` `
Ban co the thay la Chua Gie-su nhın vao iem tot cua
` ` ` ´
`
ngi ta, va ngai quy s co gang cua moi ngi. Theo ban
˜ ` ´ ´ ´ ` ´ ´ ˆ ` ˆ `
nghı thı cac c tınh nay co tac ong gı tren Phi-e-r va
´ ´ ´ ˆ ´ ´ ˆ ˆ
cac s o khac? Nhan thc c Ðc Gie-ho-va nh the
`
´ ˆ ` ´
nao qua gng cua Chua Gie-su, sau nay, Phi-e-r trıch
` ˆ
´ ´ ˆ ` ˆ
bai Thi-thien: “Mat cua Chua oai-trong ngi cong-
` ` ´ ` ˆ `
bınh, tai Ngai long nghe li cau-nguyen ngi” (1 Phi-e-
ˆ ˆ

r 3:12; Thi-thien 34:15, 16). Ban lai khong cam thay c
´ ´ ` ` `
keo lai gan Ðang Tao Hoa va Con Ngai la hai Ðang chı
` ` ` ˜ ` ˆ
nhın vao iem tot ni ban va se lang nghe li keu cau cua
ban hay sao?
´ ´ ˆ
˘
Sau khi ket hp vi Chua Gie-su khoang hai nam, Phi-
´ ˆ ` ˆ ˆ
e-r tin chac Chua Gie-su la ang Me-si. Mot lan kia,
´ ˆ
´ ˆ ` ´ ` ´
Chua Gie-su hoi cac mon o: “Ngi ta noi ta la ai?” Cac
ˆ
` ´ `
´
mon o tra li khac nhau. Roi ngai hoi ho: “Nhng cac
` ´ ` ´ ˆ ´
ngi thı noi ta la ai?” Phi-e-r ap lai mot cach ay t
` ´ ˜ ` `
tin: “Thay la Ðang Christ”. Co le ban lay lam la ve hanh
ˆ ´
´ ˆ ` ` ˘ ˆ
ong sau o cua Chua Gie-su. Ngai “ben cam ngat mon-o
´ ´ ` ` ´
ch noi s mınh cung ai het” (Mac 8:27-30; 9:30; Ma-thi-
` ´ `
˜ ˆ `
12:16). Tai sao ngai lai noi the? Vı ang gia ho nen ngai
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
152 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
` `
Bai giang hay nhat ch a t ng thay

` ˜ ˆ ` ´
` Nh a lanh ` ao An Ðo˜ Mohandas ` Gandhi
tng ` phat bieu`
la n´ eu lam ˜ theo nh ng l i d ay ˜ d o trong b ai gi
ang th ı
“ch´ ung ta` se gi ˆ ai quy et c nh ng
v an e... c ua c a th e
gi
i”. Nhã nhan ´ chung´ hoc ˆ noi tieng Ashley Montagu viet
rang
` nh ˆ ng kham ˆ pha hien ai ˆ ve ˆ tam ´ quan ` trong cˆ ua
tınhˆ yeu ´ thng` tren phng ` dien tam ly chı la “s cong
nhan gia tr i” bai giang nay.
˜ ˆ ˆ ˆ ´ ` ˆ ´
ng Nh ´ nhan ˆ vat ˆ tren muon noi˜ en ´Bai
Giang tren Nui
cua Chua ` Gie-su.´ Ong Gandhi `cung noi` rang´ “s day d´ o
trong Bai Giang ap dung ´ choˆ tng ng ˆ i ch
ung ta”.
Giao
s` Hans Dieter ˆ Betz´ m` i ay ghi nhan: ` “Anh ˆ h´ ng cua
Bai´ Giang ´ tr en
` N ui th ng v t ˆ ra ngo ai ´ bi en ` gi i
˘ c ua Do ´
Thˆ ai Giao va ao ˆ ang ` Christ, ˆ th
` am ` ch ı ngoai ` ca´ vanˆ hoa
Tay Phng”. ` Ong ˆ c on ` th em l a b ai gi ang n ay c o “m ot s
hap dan ky la tren toan cau”.
´ ˆ ` `
ˆ Ch` ung toi´ mi b´ an ` oc bai gi´ ang tng ` oi ng` an nhng ´
vo cung thıch thu nay. Ban co the tım th` ay bai giang o
niˆ Ma-thi- ` ˆ chng
5˘ en chng ´ 7 v´ a Lu-ca 6:20-49. ` `
Ðay la m ot s o iem ´ ac sac chung ta co the lay ra t bai
giang noi tieng o:
` ` ´
Lam the nao e c hanh phuc
(Ma-thi- 5:3-12; Lu-ca 6:20-23).
` ` ˜
Lam the nao e gi c s t trong
(Ma-thi- 5:14-16, 37; 6:2-4, 16-18; Lu-ca 6:43-45).
` ` ˆ ˆ ´ ` ´
Lam the nao e cai thien moi lien lac vi ngi khac
(Ma-thi- 5:22-26, 38-48; 7:1-5, 12; Lu-ca 6:27-38,
41, 42).
` ` ´ ˆ ˆ
Lam the nao e giam thieu cac van e trong hon nhan
(Ma-thi- 5:27-32).
` ` ´ ´ ˆ
Lam the nao e oi pho vi s lo au (Ma-thi- 6:25-34).
` ` ˆ ` ˆ ´
Lam the nao e nhan ra s la doi ve ton giao
(Ma-thi- 6:5-8, 16-18; 7:15-23).
` ` ` ´ ˜ `
Lam the nao e tım ra y nghıa cua i song
(Ma-thi- 6:9-13, 19-24, 33; 7:7-11, 13, 14, 24-27; Lu-
ca 6:46-49).
ˆ ´ ´ ´ ´ ˜
Mot
Thay day
Hoa ro hn 153
ˆ ` `
khong muon ngi ta da vao tin on e quyet inh. Ðieu
` ´
ˆ ˘ `
nay hp ly phai khong? (Giang 10:24-26). Ðiem cot yeu la
´
´ ˜ ´ `
Ðang Tao Hoa cua chung ta cung muon chung ta tım hieu
` ˆ ´ ´ ˜ ´
ve Ngai qua viec chınh chung ta tra xem nhng bang c
`
´ `
chac chan. Ngai muon s tin quyet cua chung ta da vao
´ ˆ ˆ ´ ´
cac s kien (Cong-vu cac S-o 17:27).
´
ˆ `
Nh ban co the tng tng, mot so ngi ong hng

´ ˆ ˆ ˆ ` ˘ ` ´ ˆ
cua Chua Gie-su khong chap nhan ngai, mac du co vo so
´ ` ´
ˆ
bang chng cho thay ngai c Ðang Tao Hoa ung ho.
` ´ ` ´ ˆ ˆ ´ ˘
Nhieu ngi khac, vı qua ban tam ti ia v i hoac muc
ˆ ´ ˆ ` ˆ ˆ
tieu chınh tr i, thay ang Me-si thanh that nhng khiem
` ` ˆ ´ ´ ´ ´
nhng nay khong hp y ho thıch. Khi thanh chc cua

` ´ ´ ˆ ´ ˜ ˆ
ngai gan cham dt, Chua Gie-su noi: “Hi Gie-ru-sa-lem,
´ ˆ ` ´ ´ ˜
ngi giet cac ang tien-tri va nem a nhng ke ch iu sai

` ˆ ´ ´
en cung ngi, bao nhieu lan ta muon nhom-hop cac con
` ´ ´ ` ´ ˜
ngi... ma cac ngi chang khng! Nay, nha cac ngi se

` `
bo hoang!” (Ma-thi- 23:37, 38). Tınh trang thay oi nay
´ ´ ´ ˆ ´
oi vi quoc gia o anh dau mot bc quan trong trong
ˆ ˆ ´
´ ´ ` ` ´
viec thc hien y inh cua Ðc Chua Tri la ban phc cho
ˆ
moi dan.
ˆ ´ ` ´ ´
Chang bao lau sau o, Phi-e-r va ba s o khac c
´ ˆ ˆ `
ˆ
nghe Chua Gie-su tien tri chi tiet ve “s cuoi cung cua he
˜ ` ´ ˆ ˆ ˜
thong moi s” (NW).1 Nhng gı Chua Gie-su tien tri a
´ ˆ ˆ
´ ˆ ˆ
ˆ ˜
ng nghiem tien khi vi cuoc tan cong cua quan La Ma
` ` ˆ ` ´
` ` `
vao thanh Gie-ru-sa-lem va s pha huy thanh nay vao
˘
´ ˆ ˜ ` ´ ˆ
nam 66-70 CN. L ich s xac nhan nhng gı Chua Gie-su
ˆ ˜
´ ˆ
tien tri a xay ra. Phi-e-r c chng kien tan mat
´ ˆ ˜ ˆ ` `
nhieu ieu Chua Gie-su a tien tri, va ieu nay c

´ ´ ˆ ´ ` ´ `
phan anh trong hai cuon sach do ong viet; o la sach 1 va
2 Phi-e-r (1 Phi-e-r 1:13; 4:7; 5:7, 8; 2 Phi-e-r 3:1-3,
11, 12).
´ ´ ` ˆ ´ ´
1 Chung ta co the oc
li tien tri o ni Ma-thi- chng 24, Mac
`
chng 13, va Lu-ca chng 21.
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
154 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
` ` ´ ´ ´ ˆ ˆ
Trong thi gian lam thanh chc, Chua Gie-su kien

ˆ ` ˆ ` ´ ` ´
nhan m rong long nhan t oi vi ngi Do Thai quanh
` ` ˆ ˆ ´ ´
ngai. Nhng ngai khong ngan ngai len an s gian ac.
` ˜ ´ ` ˜ ˆ ´ ´
Ðieu nay a giup Phi-e-r, va cung nen giup chung ta,
´
˜
hieu Ðang Tao Hoa ay u hn. Khi thay nhng ieu
´ ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ
Chua Gie-su tien tri c ng nghiem, Phi-e-r viet
´ ´ ˆ ` ˆ
rang cac tın o ang Christ nen “ch-i trong-mong cho
` ´ ´ ` ˜ ´
ngay Ðc Chua Tri mau en”. Phi-e-r cung viet: “Chua
ˆ ˆ ` ´
` `
khong cham-tr e ve li ha cua Ngai nh may ngi kia

ˆ ` ` ´
tng au, nhng Ngai lay long nh in-nhuc oi vi anh
ˆ ˆ ` `
em, khong muon cho mot ngi nao chet mat, song muon
` ˘ ˘ ˜
cho moi ngi eu an-nan”. Roi Phi-e-r a ra nhng
` ´ ˆ ` ´ ´ ` ˆ ` ˘
li khıch le ve ‘tri mi at mi, la ni s cong-bınh an-

´ ´
’ (2 Phi-e-r 3:3-13). Chung ta co giong Phi-e-r biet
´ ´ ´ ´
´ ´ `
´
quy trong cac c tınh cua Ðc Chua Tri phan anh
´ ˆ ` ´ `
ni Chua Gie-su va co bay to

` ´
`
niem tin ni li ha cua Ngai
ˆ
ve tng lai khong?
´ ˆ
Tai
sao Chua Gie-su chet?
` ˆ ` ´ ´
Vao em cuoi cung vi cac
´ ´ ˆ ` ˆ
s o, Chua Gie-su dung mot
˜ ˘ ˘ ˆ ´
ba an ac biet vi ho. Trong
ˆ ˜ ˘ `
mot ba an nh the, thng
` ´
` `
ngi Do Thai chu nha bay

` ´ ´
to long hieu khach bang cach

ˆ ´ ´
ra chan cho khach co the
´ ˆ ˆ ´ ˜ ˆ ´ ˆ ´ ˆ
Chua Gie-su ra chan cho cac
´ ˆ ˆ ˆ
a i bo vi oi dep tren con
s o, neu mot gng ve khiem ng ` ˆ
` ˆ ´ ´ ay bui. Tuy nhien,
nhng, mot c tınh c ˆ ˜ ˆ `

Ðang Tao
´
Hoa coi trong khong ai nghı en viec lam
` ´ ˆ
ieu nay cho Chua Gie-su.

ˆ ` ˆ ` ´ ˆ ˘ ` ˆ
Bi vay, ngai khiem nhng ng day, lay khan va chau,
`
ˆ ´ ´ ´ ˆ
va bat au ra chan cho cac s o. Ti lt Phi-e-r, ong
´ ˆ ´
thay xau ho e Chua Gie-su phuc d ich. Phi-e-r noi:
ˆ ´ ´ ´ ´ ˜
Mot
Thay day
Hoa ro hn 155
´ ˜
ˆ ` ´ ˆ
“Chua se chang ra chn toi bao gi”. Chua Gie-su tra

` ˆ
´
li: “Neu ta khong ra cho ngi, ngi chang co phan
´ ` ˆ ˜ ` ˜ ˆ
chi vi ta het”. Vı biet chang bao lau na ngai se chet nen
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ` ´ ` ` ˜
Chua Gie-su noi them: “Neu ta la Chua la Thay, ma a

´ ` ´ ˜ ˆ
ra chn cho cac ngi, thı cac ngi cung nen ra chn

` ˜ ` ´ ´
lan cho nhau. Vı ta a lam gng cho cac ngi, e cac
˜ ` ˜ ` ´ ˘
ngi cung lam nh ta a lam cho cac ngi” (Giang 13:
5-17).
ˆ
ˆ ´ ´
Nhieu thap ky sau, Phi-e-r keu goi cac tın o ang
´ ´ ˆ ˆ
Christ bat chc gng Chua Gie-su, khong phai trong

ˆ ˆ `
nghi le ra chan, nhng trong s khiem nhng phuc
` ´ `
˜ ´
vu ngi khac hn la “cai quan” ho. Phi-e-r cung y
´
´ ˆ ´
´ ´
thc rang gng cua Chua Gie-su chng to “Ðc Chua
`
ˆ `
ˆ
Tri chong-c ke kieu-ngao, ma ban n cho ke khiem-
` ˆ ` ˆ ` ´ ´ ´
nhng”. That la mot bai hoc quy gia ve Ðang Tao Hoa!
ˆ ˆ
(1 Phi-e-r 5:1-5, NW; Thi-thien 18:35). Tuy nhien, Phi-
` ˜
e-r con c hoc nhieu hn na.´
˜ ˘ ` ` ` ˆ
Sau ba an cuoi cung, Giu-a Ich-ca-ri-ot, tng la mot
´
`
ˆ ˆ ´ `
s o nhng tr thanh ke trom, dan mot toan ngi
˜ ´ ´ ˆ `
trang b i vu khı en bat Chua Gi ˆ e-su. Khi ho tra tay hanh
ˆ ˜
´ ´ ` ´
ong, Phi-e-r a phan ng. Ong rut gm ra va anh b i
ˆ ` ´ ˆ
thng mot ngi trong bon. Chua Gie-su sa sai Phi-e-

˜ `
` ` ˜
r: “Hay nap gm vao vo; vı he ai cam gm thı se b i
´ ˆ ` ` `
chet ve gm”. Roi Chua Gie-su s vao ngi b i thng
` ˜ ` ´ `
va cha lanh cho trong khi Phi-e-r ng nhın (Ma-thi-
˜ ` ´ ˆ `
26:47-52; Lu-ca 22:49-51). Ro rang Chua Gie-su song phu
´
` ` ˜ ˆ
`
hp vi s day do cua ngai la “hay yeu ke thu-ngh ich”.
` ´ ` ˘ ` ˆ
Ngai bat chc Cha ngai, Ðang “khien mat tri moc len

˜ `
` `
ˆ ` `
soi ke d cung ke lanh, lam ma cho ke cong-bınh cung

ˆ ´
ke oc- ac” (Ma-thi- 5:44, 45).
ˆ ˘ ´ ˆ ` ´
Trong em cang thang ay, Chua Gie-su b i toa an toi cao
´ ´
ˆ ˜ ` ´ ˆ
Do Thai xet x voi va. Ngai b i cao gian toi pham thng,

˜ ` `
b i giai en Quan Tong Ðoc La Ma, va roi b i em i hanh
ˆ ´ ˆ ` ´ ` ` ˜
quyet mot cach bat cong. Ngi Do Thai va ngi La Ma
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
156 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
` ` ´ ˆ ` ` `
che nhao ngai. Ngai b i anh ap tan nhan va cuoi cung b i
´ ´
` ˆ ` ` ´ ˆ
ong inh. Phan ln s oi x tan te nay lam ng nghiem
˜ ` ˆ `
´ ˆ ´
nhng li tien tri viet t nhieu the ky trc. Tham chı
˜ ` ´ ` ´ ˆ ˆ ˆ
nhng ngi lınh nhın Chua Gie-su treo tren cay kho
` ˜
ˆ ˆ ` ` ´ ´
hınh cung phai nhan: “That ngi nay la Con Ðc Chua
` ˘
Tri” (Ma-thi- 26:57–27:54; Giang 18:12–19:37).
˜ ` ˜ ` ˜ `
Nhng dien tien nay a khien Phi-e-r va nhng ngi
´

khac phai hoi: ‘Tai sao ang Christ phai b i chet?’ Chı
` ´ ˆ ´ ` ˜ `
sau nay ho mi hieu. Mot ly do la nh ˆ ng bien co ay lam
´ ˆ ` ˆ ´
ng nghiem li tien tri trong sach E-sai chng 53, theo
´ ˜
´ ˆ ˜
o, ang Christ se em lai s giai thoat khong nhng
` ´ ` ` ` ˆ ˜
cho ngi Do Thai ma con cho toan the nhan loai na.
` ´ ˆ ´ ˆ
Phi-e-r viet: “Ngai ganh toi-l oi chung ta trong than-the
` ˆ ˆ ´ `
˜ ˆ
Ngai tren cay go, hau cho chung ta la ke a chet ve toi-l oi,
ˆ ` ˜ `
c s ong cho s c ong-b ınh; l ai nhn nh ng l an on cua

` ` ˜ `
Ngai ma anh em a c lanh b inh” (1 Phi-e-r 2:21-25).
´ ˜
ˆ ˜ ˆ ` ´ ˆ
Phi-e-r nam c y nghıa cua mot le that ma Chua Gie-
˜ ˆ ` ˜ ˆ
`
su a tiet lo: “Con ngi a en, khong phai e ngi ta
ˆ ` ` ˆ ` ` ´
hau viec mınh, song e mınh hau viec ngi ta, va pho s
` ` ´ ˆ `
song mınh lam gia chuoc nhieu ngi” (Ma-thi- 20:28).
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˜
Ðung vay, Chua Gie-su a hy sinh quyen c song cua

ˆ ` ` ` ˆ ˆ
`
mot ngi hoan toan e chuoc nhan loai khoi tınh trang
ˆ ` ` ´ ` ˆ

toi loi tha ke t A-am. Ðo la mot s day do c ban cua

´ ´ ˆ
Kinh-thanh—gia chuoc.
´ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˜ ` ´ ˜
Gia chuoc lien he en nhng gı? Ban co the suy nghı ve
´ ˆ ´ `

´ ´
´
gia chuoc theo cach nay: Gia th may vi tınh cua ban co
ˆ ˆ
´ ˜ `

` ˆ
mot ho s ien t ang le toan hao nhng b i hong vı mot
` ˆ ` ` ´ ˜ ˘ ` ˆ
loi (hay virut) ma mot ngi nao o a at vao. S kien
` ˆ

˜ ` ` ˜ `
nay minh hoa hau qua cua nhng gı ma A-am a lam
ˆ ˆ ` ˆ ˆ ´ ´
cho nhan loai khi ong co tınh bat tuan lenh Ðc Chua
` ` ˆ ´ ˜ `
Tri, hay la pham toi. Chung ta hay tiep tuc dung minh
` ˆ

´ ` ˆ
hoa. T ho s ien t b i hong, ban co lam bao nhieu ban

˜

ˆ `
sao i na, tat ca eu b i hong het. Tuy nhien tınh trang
ˆ
` ˆ ´ ˆ ` ˘ ˆ
khong phai la vo vong. Vi mot chng trınh ac biet, ban
ˆ ´ ´ ´ ´ ˜
Mot
Thay day
Hoa ro hn 157
´ ˆ ` ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ
Co the loai
mot
´ loi (hay la mot
´ virut)ˆ ra kh oi he thong vi tınh; nhan loai

ˆ ` `
can gia chuoc cua Chua Gie-su e loai s bat toan do tha ke
´ ´ ˆ `
`
´
co the phat hien va loai i loi sai khoi ho s va khoi may vi
´ ˆ ˆ ˜ ˆ ˆ ´
tınh. Tng t nh vay, nh an loai a nhan mot “virut” tc
` ˆ ` ` ˆ ` ´ ´ ˜
la toi loi t A-am va E-va va chung ta can s giup
` ˆ ` ´ ˆ
t ben ngoai e loai han no i (Ro-ma 5:12). Theo Kinh-
´ ´ ´ ` ˜ ` ´
´ ˆ
thanh, Ðc Chua Tri a dung cai chet cua Chua Gie-su
ˆ ˆ ` ˆ ˘ ˆ
e loai han toi loi. Ðay la mot s sap at ay yeu thng
´ ´ ˆ ˆ
em lai li ıch cho chung ta (1 Co-rinh-to 15:22).
` ˜ ` ´ ˆ ˜ `
Vı biet n nhng gı Chua Gie-su a lam, Phi-e-r c
´ ` ´ ˆ `
thuc ay e khi “con song trong xac-th it bao lau thı
´ ˜ ` ´ ˆ
ch lai theo nhng s ngi ta a-thıch, mot phai theo

´ ´ ´ ` ´ ˜
y-muon Ðc Chua Tri”. Ðoi vi Phi-e-r cung nh oi
´ ´ ` ´ ˜ `
´ ˜ ´
vi chung ta, ieu nay co nghıa la phai tranh nhng thoi

` ˆ ˆ ´ ` ˆ ´
quen h hong va loi song vo luan. Co ngi lai gay kho
˘ ˜ ´ ` ´ ´ ´
khan cho nhng ai gang sc lam theo “y-muon Ðc Chua
` ` ` ˜ ` ` ˜ `
Tri”. Du the nao nhng ngi nay se thay i song
`
ˆ ´ ` ´ ´ ˜
mınh tr nen phong phu va co y nghıa hn (1 Phi-e-r 4:
ˆ ˆ
1-3, 7-10, 15, 16). Ve phan Phi-e-r, ong thay nh vay.
´ ˜ ˜ ˆ ´ ˜ ´ `
Chung ta cung se nh ong khi chung ta ‘hay c lam
` ` ´ ` ´ ` ´
lanh ma pho linh-hon mınh cho Ðang Tao-h oa thanh-tın’
(1 Phi-e-r 4:19).
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
158 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
ˆ ˆ ˆ ` ˆ
Mot
mon o nhan
ra tınh yeu th ng
´ ˘ ` ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ ´ ´
S o Giang la mot mon o khac than can vi Chua
ˆ ` ´ ` ` ´ ´ ´
Gie-su, va do o la ngi co the giup chung ta hiêu Ðang
´
˘ ˆ ´ `
Tao Hoa ay u hn. Giang viet mot cuon Phuc Am va ba
´ ` ˘ ˆ ´ ˆ ´
la th (1, 2, va 3 Giang). Trong mot la th, ong cho chung
ˆ ´ ` ´ ´ ´ `
ta s thong sang nay: “Chung ta biet Con Ðc Chua Tri
˜ ` ˜ ´ ˆ ´ ˘ ´
a en, Ngai a ban trı-khon cho chung ta ang chung
ˆ ˆ ´ ` ´
ta biet Ðang chan-that [Ðang Tao Hoa], va chung ta

ˆ ˆ `
´ ´ ˆ
trong Ðang chan-that, la trong Ðc Chua Jesus-

` ´ ` ` ´ ´ `
Christ, Con cua Ngai. Ay chınh Ngai la Ðc Chua Tri
ˆ ˆ ` ` ` ` ˘
chan-that va la s song i i” (1 Giang 5:20).
ˆ ˆ ˆ ˘
Ðe nhan c s hieu biet ve “Ðang chan-that”, Giang

` ´ ˆ ˘ ˜ ´ ˆ
phai dung en “trı-khon”. Giang a phat hien ˆ c
˜ ` ´ ´ ´
´
nhng gı ve cac c tınh cua Ðang Tao Hoa? Ong viet:
´ ´ ` ´ ` ˆ
ˆ
“Ðc Chua Tri tc la s yeu-thng, ai trong s yeu-
`
´ ´ ` ˘ ´
thng, la trong Ðc Chua Tri”. Tai sao Giang co the
ˆ
ˆ
chac chan nh the? “Nay, s yeu-thng tai ay: ay

´ ˜ ˆ ´ ´ ` `
chang phai chung ta a yeu Ðc Chua Tri, nhng Ngai
˜ ˆ ´ ` ` `
ˆ ˆ
a yeu chung ta, va sai Con Ngai lam cua-le chuoc toi
´ ˘ ˘
chung ta” (1 Giang 4:10, 16). Giong nh Phi-e-r, Giang
˜ ´ ˆ ` ˆ ` ´ ´ ` `
cung xuc ong ve tınh yeu thng ma Ðc Chua Tri bay

ˆ ` ´
to qua viec sai Con Ngai xuong e chet cho chung ta.
`
ˆ ´ ´ ˆ ˘ ˆ ˜
Vı ke can vi Chua Gie-su, Giang nhan biet ro cam

´
` ˆ
ˆ ˆ
xuc cua ngai. Mot bien co Be-tha-ni gan Gie-ru-sa-lem
ˆ ˘ ˆ ˆ `
gay cho Giang mot an tng sau xa. Ðc tin ban ngai
` ˘ ´ ˆ ˆ
la La-xa-r b i au nang, Chua Gie-su i en Be-tha-ni.
` ` ´ ´ ´ ` ˜
Khi ngai va cac s o ti ni thı La-xa-r a chet bon
` ˘ ´
ngay. Giang biet rang Ðang Tao Hoa, Nguon s song cua
` `
´ ´ ˆ ˆ ´ ` ` `
loai ngi, vi Chua Gie-su. Vay co the nao ngai lam
˘
cho La-xa-r song lai chang? (Lu-ca 7:11-17; 8:41, 42, 49-
´ ˆ ´ ´ ˆ
56). Chua Gie-su noi vi Ma-the, em cua La-xa-r: “Anh

˜ ˘
ngi se song lai” (Giang 11:1-23).
˘ ˆ ` ´ ´
Roi Giang thay Ma-ri, mot ngi em gai khac cua La-

˘ ´ ˆ ´ ˆ
´
xa-r, en gap Chua Gie-su. Chua Gie-su phan ng the
ˆ ´ ´ ´ ´ ˜
Mot
Thay day
Hoa ro hn 159
` ` `
ˆ

´
nao? Ngai “au long cam-ong”. Ðe dien ta phan ng cua

´ ˆ ˘ ` ` ´ ˜ ˆ
Chua Gie-su, Giang dung t Hy Lap mang y nghıa mot
´ ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ ` ` ˘
s xuc ong boc phat t nhien t trong long. Giang
´ ` ´ ˆ `
´
co the nhın thay Chua Gie-su “au long” hay cam xuc
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ ˜
au n ben trong. Chua Gie-su khong lanh am hay
` ˜ ` ´ ˘ ˜ ` ´
h hng. Ngai “khoc” (Giang 11:30-37). Ro rang Chua
` ˆ
Con ng i nhiet
huyet
´ ˆ ˆ ` ˆ `
ˆ Chua Giˆ e-su Christ ` ` khong ˆ ph` ai la mot ng i s ong an ˆ
dat th u ong. ` Ng` ai là mot ng i cng ` quy ´ et ay nhiet
huy´ et. Ng˜ ai i t ` “lang` nay en l ang ` kh ac, gi ang d ay”,
ˆ
giupˆ nhng ´ ng˘ i “cung-kh ´ on, va tan-lac nh chien
khong ˆ c o k e ch an” (M ac 6:6; ` ˜ Ma-thi- 9:36;ˆ Lu-ca
´ ` 8:1). ´
Khong ` giong ´ nh ˆnhieu nh ˆ a lanh ao ton ´ gi ao gi au co`
ngayˆ nay, ´ Chua Gi e-su
` kh ong h e ch at ch a c ua c ai, ng ai
“khong co cho ma goi au” (Ma-thi- 8:20).
´ ` ˘
` Trong khi ˜ don no lˆ c chˆ ınh yeu` vao ˆ s cung cap o an
va s ˆ cha tr i ve thieng ` li eng, ng
` ai kh˜ ong b ` o qua ˆ nhu cau `
ve` vat ˆ chàt cua` ngi ta. ´ Ngai´ cha ngi ´ benh, ngi`
tan tat, ` v a ng ` i b i ` qu y am (M ac 1:32-34). ` ˘ C ` o hai ` l an ng ai
cho´ hang ´ ngan ngi en nghe ngai anˆ vı ng ai thng `
xot´ ho (M ` ˆ ac 6:35-44; 8:1-8). ` ` M oi quan ´ t am
´ en ngi ta
chınh la ong lc khien ngai lam phep la (Mac 1:40-42).
´ ˆ ˜ ` ˆ
Ch ˜ ua Gi e-su ˆ a´ h anh ong cng quy et ` khi u ˜ oi
nhng ` ke bu on ´ b an ` tham ` lam
ˆ ra kh
´ oi ` en th . Nh ` ng
ngi quan ˆ sat ng ai hanh ong ` nh´ lai ˆ li cua ng ˆ i vi˘ et
Thi-thien: “S sot-s ˆ ´ ang v e ˜ nh a Ch ua
` ˜ ti eu-nu ot ˆ t oi” (Gi
´ ang
2:14-17).
` ` Khi ˆ len an nhng nh ` a lanh ˜ ao ` ton ˘ giao gia
hınh, ngai khong ng` an ˜ ngai dung ˆ nhng t nang ne (Ma- ´
thi-
´ 23:1-39). ˜ Ng ai c ung
` ´ kh ong ch iu khu at ph uc trc
ap lc cua˘ nhng nha chınh tr i quyen the (Ma-thi- 26:
59-64; Giang 18:33-37).
˜ ` ´ ´ ´
ˆ Ban s e thay ´ haoˆ hng khi oc ` ve thanh ch c song `
ong c ua Ch ` ua Gie-su. ` Nhiˆ eu ngi oc lan au thng ˆ
bat au ´ t s t ng ` thu at tuy ˆ ng an nhng ` song ong
cua Mac ve con ngi ay nhiet huyet nay.
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
160 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
ˆ ´ `
ˆ ˆ ` ` ˜
Gie-su co tınh cam sau xa ay yeu thng va ieu nay a
´ ˘ ˜ ˜ ´ ´ ˆ
giup Giang cung nh se giup chung ta nhan biet c
`

´
tınh cam cua Ðang Tao Hoa.
˘ `

´ ˆ ˆ ´ `
Giang biet tınh cam cua Chua Gie-su i oi vi hanh
ˆ ´ ` ˆ ` ˆ ´ ˜
ong tıch cc, vı ong nghe thay ngai keu ln tieng: “Hi
˜ ` `

La-xa-r, hay ra!” Va ieu nay xay ra. La-xa-r song lai
`
´ ` ´ ` ˜ `
va ra khoi mo. Ðoi vi hai ngi em gai va nhng ngi
´ ˘ ´ ` ´ `
co mat, niem vui sng nao ln cho bang! Nhieu ngi
´ ˆ
`
` ˜ ˆ
tin theo Chua Gie-su. Ke thu cua ngai cung khong the

ˆ ´ ` ` ` ` ˜
phu nhan phep la lam ngi chet song lai ma ngai a
ˆ ´ ´ `
thc hien, nhng khi tin ve phep la o c loan i thı
` ˆ ` ´ ´ ˆ
ho “ben inh giet luon La-xa-r” cung vi Chua Gie-su
˜ ˘
na (Giang 11:43; 12:9-11).
´ ˆ
´ ˆ ` ` ´

Kinh-thanh mo ta Chua Gie-su la ‘hınh-bong cua bon-

´ ˆ ´ ´ ´
the cua Ðang Tao Hoa’ (He-b-r 1:3). Do o, thanh chc

´ ˆ ´ ´ ˆ ˜ ´
cua Chua Gie-su cho chung ta bang c rong rai ve y
˜ ˆ
` `
` ˆ
muon manh liet cua ngai va cua Cha ngai trong viec giai
` `
ˆ ` ´ `
tr s tan hai cua benh hoan va s chet. So vi ieu nay
` ˆ ` ` ´ ˜ ˆ
thı mot vai s song lai ma Kinh-thanh ghi lai se khong
´ ` ˆ ˘ ´ ˘ ´ ˆ ´
tham thıa gı. That ra, Giang co mat khi Chua Gie-su noi:
` ˜ `

ˆ
“Gi se en khi moi ngi trong mo tng niem nghe

`
˘ ˜
tieng [cua Con] va ra khoi” (Giang 5:28, 29, NW). Hay e
´ ` ` `
`
ˆ ˘ ` `
y, thay vı dung t ma thı ay Giang lai dung t “mo

ˆ ˆ
tng niem”. Tai sao vay?
` ´ ˆ ˆ ´ ´
´ ´ `
Vı co lien he en trı nh cua Ðc Chua Tri. Chac
´
˜ ˆ ˆ ` ´
chan Ðang Tao Hoa cua vu tru menh mong nay co the
´ ` ˜ ` ˆ ˆ ˜
nh tng chi tiet ve nhng ngi than yeu a chet

´
˜ ´ ˘
cua chung ta, gom cˆ a nhng net do di truyen hoac do
ˆ ´ ˆ
`
´
thu thap. (So sanh E-sai 40:26). Khong phai Ngai chı co
´ ` ˆ
` `
the nh ma thoi nhng ca Ngai lan Con Ngai muon
` ˆ ˆ ˆ

lam nh vay. Ve vien tng tuyet dieu cua s song lai,
` ` ´ ´ ´ ´ ` `
ngi trung thanh Giop noi ve Ðc Chua Tri: “Neu loai
` ´ ˘ ´ ˆ ˆ ˜
ngi chet, co c song lai chang!... Chua [Gie-ho-va] se
ˆ ˜ ´ ˜ ´ ˆ ˆ
goi, toi se tha lai. Chua se oai en cong-viec cua tay

ˆ ´ ´ ´ ´ ˜
Mot
Thay day
Hoa ro hn 161
´ ´ ´ ´
Chua” (Giop 14:14, 15; Mac 1:40-42). Ðang Tao Hoa cua
´ ˆ ˆ ˆ ´ ´ `
chung ta tuyet dieu biet bao, that
ang cho chung ta th
phng!

´ ˆ ` ´ `
Chua Gie-su songˆ l` ai—Ch
ıa kh
´ ´ oa m˜ ng
cho mot i song co y nghıa
˘ ˆ ˆ ˆ
´ ˆ ˘ ´
Giang, mot mon o yeu dau cua Chua Gie-su cham chu
´ ` ´ ` ` ˜
quan sat ngai cho en luc ngai chet. Con hn the na,
˘ ˜ ˜ ` ´ ˆ
Giang a ghi lai s song lai vı ai nhat cha tng co, mot
˘
˜ ´ ´ ˆ `
bien co at nen tang vng chac e chung ta co mot i
˜
` ´ ´ ˜
song vınh cu va co y nghıa.

`
´ ˆ ˜ `

´
Ke thu cua Chua Gie-su a khien ngai b i x t, b i ong
ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ `
inh tren cay go nh mot pham nhan tam thng. Nhieu
` ´ ` ´ ´
˜ ` ˜ ˆ
ngi ng nhın—trong o co ca nhng nha lanh ao ton
´ ´ ` ` ´ `
giao—nhao bang ngai trong khi ngai b i au n nhieu gi.
˘ ` ´ ` ˆ ˆ `
Mac du au n cung cc tren cay go, khi nhın thay me
` ´ ˆ ´ ´ ` ˘ ˜ ` ` ´
ngai, Chua Gie-su noi vi ba ve Giang: “Hi n-ba kia, o
`
` ´ ´ ` ˜ ´ ` ´
la con cua ngi!” Vao luc o, ba Ma-ri han a goa, va cac
´
`
` ˆ ´ ´ ˆ
con khac cua ba cha phai la mon o.1 Do o, Chua Gie-su
ˆ ˘ ˘ ´ `
` ˆ
giao cho mon o Giang cham soc me gia cua ngai. Mot lan
˜ `
´ ´ ˜
´
na, ieu nay phan anh y nghı cua Ðang Tao Hoa khuyen
´ ˘
ˆ ` ` ´ ˘
khıch cham nom tre mo coi va ngi goa bua (Giang 7:5;
´
19:12-30; Mac 15:16-39; Gia-c 1:27).
ˆ ˜ ` ` ´ ˆ ´
Nhng mot khi a chet thı lam sao Chua Gie-su co the
ˆ ` ` ` ˜ ´ ˆ
thc hien c vai tro la “dong-doi” e “cac dan the-gian
´ ´ ´ ´ ´
eu... c phc”? (Sang-the Ky 22:18). Vi cai chet cua

` ` ˆ ´ ˘
ngai, vao mot buoi sau tra trong thang T nam 33 CN,
´ ˆ ˜ ` ˘
Chua Gie-su a hy sinh mang song e lam can ban cho

´ ˆ ` ´ `
`
`
gia chuoc. Ngi Cha co tınh cam nong nan cua ngai han
` ˆ ˆ

rat au long khi thay Con vo toi phai trai qua cn au
´ ` ˆ ´ ` ` ˜ `
n cung cc. Tuy nhien, bang cach nay, Ngai a hoan
ˆ ´ ˆ
´ ˆ
tat viec cung cap gia chuoc can thiet e giai thoat nhan
´ ´ ` `
` ˆ ` ˜
1 It nhat co hai ngi sau nay tr thanh mon o va viet nhng
´ ´ ˆ ´ ´ ` `
la th ay khıch le nam trong Kinh-thanh, o la Gia-c va Giu-e.
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
162 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?

` ˆ ` ˘ ˘
loai khoi vong toi loi va s chet (Giang 3:16; 1 Giang 1:7).

˜ ` ´
Tat ca a san sang cho hoi ket thuc.

` ´ ˆ ´ `
ˆ `
Bi vı Chua Gie-su ong vai tro chu yeu trong viec hoan
` ´ ´
´ ´ ` ˆ `
thanh cac y inh cua Ðc Chua Tri nen ngai phai c

´ ˜
` ˘ ´ `
song lai. Ðieu o a xay ra va Giang c chng kien. Vao
´ ´ ` ´ ´ ˆ `
sang sm ngay th ba sau khi Chua Gie-su chet va an
´ ` ˆ ´ ˆ ` ˆ
tang, vai mon o i ti mo va thay mo trong rong. Moi
` ´ ´ ˆ ˆ ´
ngi hoang mang cho ti khi Chua Gie-su hien ra vi
˜ ` ´ ´ ´ ˆ ˜
nhng ngi khac nhau. Ma-ri Ma--len bao cao: “Toi a
´ ´ ˆ ˆ ` ´ ´ ˆ
thay Chua!” Cac mon o khong tin ba. Sau o, khi cac mon
´ ˆ ` ´ ˘ ´ ˆ
o nhom lai trong mot phong khoa chat, Chua Gie-su xuat
ˆ ˆ ˜ ` ´ ˆ ´ ˆ ´ `
hien mot lan na va noi chuyen vi ho. Noi trong ıt ngay,
` ` ˆ ` ` ` ´ ˆ
hn 500 ngi an ong va an ba c chng kien tan
´ ˆ ˆ ` ` ´
mat Chua Gie-su that s ang song. Vao thi o, neu ai
` ´
˜ ˆ ´ ´
con ho nghi, ho co the phong van nhng nhan chng ang
ˆ ` ` ` ´
` ´
tin cay nay va kiem tra li chng cua ho. Con ve phan cac
ˆ
´ ˆ ` ˜ `
mon o cua Chua Gie-su, ho biet chac ngai a song lai va
ˆ ˆ ´
ang song nh mot tao vat than linh nh Ðang Tao Hoa
` ˆ ´ ` `
la than linh vay. Bang chng ve bien co nay thı ay day
` ´ ´ ´ ˆ ` ` `
va ang tin ti mc o nhieu ngi san sang chet hn la
` ˆ ´ ˆ ˜ ˘
t choi viec Chua Gie-su a song lai (Giang 20:1-29; Lu-ca
ˆ ˆ
24:46-48; 1 Co-rinh-to 15:3-8).1
´ ˘ ˜ ´ ` ` ´
S o Giang cung ch iu s bat b vı lam ch ˆ ng ve s

´ ˆ

song lai cua Chua Gie-su (Khai-huyen 1:9). Ong b i phat
` ` ` ˆ ˆ
lu ay, nhng trong thi gian nay, ong nhan c phan

´ ` ´ ˆ ˆ ˆ
thng khac thng. Chua Gie-su cho ong mot loat s
ˆ ` ´ ´ ´ ˜ `
hien thay, nh o chung ta biet Ðang Tao Hoa ro hn va
˜ ´ ` ˜
biet tng lai se ra sao. Ban co the tım thay nhng ieu
ˆ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˆ ´ ˆ
1 Mot sı quan La Ma cao cap a nghe Phi-e-r, mot chng nhan
ˆ ` ` ˆ ˜ ` ´ ˆ `
thay tan
m´ at, trınhˆ bay:` “Vi ec a bat au t x Ga-li-le tran ra
´ ` ´ ´
trong ca x Giu-e... thı cac ngi biet roi... Ngay th ba, Ðc
´ ` ˜ ` `
Chua Tri a khien Ngai song lai, lai cho Ngai c to ra... Lai
` ˜ ´ ´
ˆ ´ ` ´
Ngai a bieu chung ta kha giang-day cho dan-chung, va chng
´ ` ` ´ ´ ` ˜ ˆ ˆ ´ ´
quyet chınh Ngai la Ðang Ðc Chua Tri a lap len e oan-xet ke

`
ˆ ´ ´
song va ke chet” (Cong-vu cac S-o 2:32; 3:15; 10:34-42).
ˆ ´ ´ ´ ´ ˜
Mot
Thay day
Hoa ro hn 163
´ ´ ˆ ´ ´ ˆ ´ ˆ
Cac chng nhan muc
kıch Chua Gie-su c an tang trong mo (giong
` ` ` ` ` ` ´
nh hınh nay), va ngai c
song lai vao ngay th ba
` ´ ˆ ´ `
nay trong sach Khai-huyen, mot sach dung nhieu bieu
ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
` ˆ
tng. Ni ay, Chua Gie-su Christ c mieu ta la mot v i
ˆ ˜ ˜ ` ˆ
Vua chien thang chang bao lau na se hoan tat cuoc chinh

` ˜
` `
`
phuc ke thu. Nhng ke thu nay bao gom ca s chet (la ke

`
` ´ ` ˆ
thu cua moi ngi chung ta) va tao vat than linh bai hoai
`

la Sa-tan (Khai-huyen 6:1, 2; 12:7-9; 19:19–20:3, 13, 14).
ˆ ˆ ` ˆ ˘ ˆ
Gan cuoi thong iep ve ngay tan the, Giang c mot s
ˆ ` ` ` ´ ˜ ` ` ˆ
hien thay ve thi ky ma trai at se thanh ia ang. Mot
´ ˆ
` ` ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
tieng noi mieu ta tınh trang vao luc o: “Chınh Ðc Chua
` ˜
´ ˆ ` ˜ ´ ´
Tri se vi [nhan loai]. Ngai se lau rao het nc mat

´ ˜ ˆ ´ ˜ ˆ ´
khoi mat chung, se khong co s chet, cung khong co than-
´ ˆ ` ´ ˜ ` ˜ ´ ´
khoc, keu-ca, hay la au-n na; vı nhng s th nht
˜
ˆ ´
a qua roi” (Khai-huyen 21:3, 4). Trong viec thc thi y

´ ´ ` ` ` ´
´ ´ ` ´
´ inh cua Ðc Chua Tri thı li ha cua Ðc Chua Tri vi
˜ ´ ˆ ´ ´
Ap-ra-ham se c ng nghiem (Sang-the Ky 12:3; 18:18).
´ ´ ˜ ` ˆ ´ ´ ´
S song luc o se la “s song that”, co the so sanh vi
˘ ´ ˘ ˆ ˆ
s song at trc mat A-am khi ong c dng nen
ˆ ˆ ` ˆ `
`
(1 Ti-mo-the 6:19). Con ngi khong con phai mo mam
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
164 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
` ´
` ` ˆ
tım Ðang Tao Hoa cua mınh va e hieu moi quan he cua
` ´ ` ˆ ´
`
mınh vi Ngai. Tuy nhien ban co the hoi: ‘Khi nao ieu
´
` ´ ˆ
o xay ra? Va tai sao Ðang Tao Hoa ay quan tam cua
´ ´ ´ ` ´ `
chung ta lai cho phep s gian ac va au kho keo dai cho
´ ` ´ ˜ ´ ˜ ˆ
`
ti ngay nay?’ Chung ta hay xem xet nhng cau hoi nay

ke tiep.
´ ˆ ˆ ` ` ˆ
Chua Gie-su ong
en long khien ho hanh ong

´ ˆ ´ ´ ´ ˆ
Trong sach Cong-vu cac S -o, chung ta thay mot s
` ˆ ´ ´ ´ ˆ ˘ `
tng ˜ thuat ` co tınh ´ c` ach l ich ´ s ve viec Phi-e-r, ` Giang va
nhng ngi khac lam chng nh the nao ve s song lai
´ ˆ ´ ´ ˜
cua Ch ˆ uaˆ Gie-su. ˆ Phan lnˆ cuonˆ sach ˆ ke lai nhˆ ng` bien
co lien he en mot sinh vien luat thong minh ten la Sau-
ˆ ` ˜ `
l, hay Phao-lo, ngi a tng chong oi ao ang Christ
ˆ ´ ˜ ˆ ´ ˆ ˜ ˆ
m´ ot ˆ cach dˆ doi. Ch ´ ua ´ Gi e-su c s ong l ai a hi
en ra´
vi ong (Cong-vu cac S-o 9:1-16). Thay c bang c
ˆ ˜ ` ´ ˆ ˆ `
khong ˆthe ˜ choi ˆcai la` Chua` Gie-su ´ ang s ong ˆ tr en ` tr i,
Phao-lo a nhiet thanh lam chng ve s kien ` náy cho
` ´ ` ˆ ´
ng ´ i Do Th ai v a ˆ d an ngo ˆ ai,
g om c a tri et ˜ gia v` ˆ gii ch
a ´ c ´
chınh quyen. That cam ong khi oc ´ nhng gı ong noi vi
˜ ` ´ ` ´ ˆ ´ ´
nhng ngi co hoc va co the lc o (Cong-vu cac S-o
17:1-3, 16-34; 26:1-29).
` ˆ ˆ ˆ ´
Trai qua vai thap nien, Phao-lo viet nhieu sach trong
` ˆ ´ ` ´
phan c goi la Tán c hay la Kinh-th ´ anh ´ phan tieng
Hy Lap. ˆ Hˆ au het´ cac cuon Kinh-th anh eu co bang muc
ˆ ` ´ ˆ
luc
´ liet ˆ ke 14 sach˜ do Phao-l ´ o
` viet´ t sach ˜ Ro-ma ˆ ˆ en
sach He-b-r. Nhng sach nay cha ng le that sau xa
` ´ ˆ ´ ´
va s hng dan khon ngoan cho cac tın o ang Christ
´ ´ ´ ˜ ` ˆ
hoi ´ o. Ðoi vi ´ chung ´ ta,
´ nh ng ` ´ ngi ` khong ´ c tiep ˆ
xuc trc ´ tiep vi cac s o va cac ngi chng kien tan
ˆ ` ` ´ ˆ
mat ` c ac ˜ d ay ´ d o, vi ec ` l am ´ ´ v a s s ong l ai˜ c ua Ch ua˜ Gi e-su ´
thı nhng sach ay con co gia tr i hn na. Ban s` e th ay cac
´ ˆ ´ ´ ˜
sach
` do Phao-l´ o viet co the´ giup ` b an trong ` i ` song` gia
ınh, trong cach c x vi ngi s lam va ngi loi
´ ` ´ ` ´ ´ ˜
xom, va hng dan ban song sao cho` i song co y nghıa
ˆ `
that s va em lai cho ban s thoa long.
`
CH NG M I
´ ˆ
Neu Ðang ´ Tao
´ Hoa quan
t am,
tai
sao lai
co qua nhieu au kho?
´ ´ `
` ´
C 60 tieng tıch tac t chiec ong ho cua ban thı co hn
` ` ˆ ` `
30 ngi chet vı benh truyen nhiem, 11 ngi chet vı
` ` ` ˆ ˆ
ung th va 9 ngi chet vı benh tim. Nh ban biet, ay
´
` ˆ ` ˆ ` `
mi chı la mot vai benh hoan lam ngi ta au kho;
` ` ` ´ ˆ ˆ ´
nhieu ngi au kho va chet vı cac nguyen nhan khac
˜
na.
` ˘ ˆ ` ´
Vao nam 1996, mot chiec ong ho trong phong khach

` ` ˆ ˆ
` ´
cua toa nha Lien Hiep Quoc thanh pho New York phat
´ ˆ ´
ra tieng tıch tac, moi tieng tng trng cho mot em be
` ˆ ` ` ´
sinh ra t mot gia ınh ngheo—moi phut 47 tieng. Ve
ˆ ´ ´ `
˘ ˆ
mot khıa canh khac, moi ngay khoang 20 phan tram dan
ˆ ´
´ ´ ` ˆ ´
so tren trai at i ngu vi bung oi. Con ve toi ac ni

´ ˜ ˆ
ban , ban th tınh con so se ra bao nhieu?
´
ˆ ´ ˆ ` `
Chung ta phai oi dien vi s kien la ngay nay quanh
´
chung ta ay day s au kho.
ˆ ˜
´ ´ ˆ `
Mot cu sı quan canh sat noi: “Tuy vay, nhieu ngi
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
166 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
´
`
trong chung ta lai to ra th
´ ˆ
vi s bat cong xay ra

´
khap ni quanh chung ta”.
` ´
`
Du sao chung ta chı th
`
cho en khi i song cua

´
`
ch ung ta hay cua ng i
ˆ ˆ ˆ
than yeu b i lien can en.

˘
Chang han, ban th at
` ` `
mınh vao trng hp cua

ˆ
Masako phai nuoi cha me
`

ma ca hai eu b i ung th. ` ` `
´ ˆ ` Nhi ˆ eu ng ´ i tin vao v ong
Trong khi ho sut can va Nghiep Bao: sinh ra, ch et i,
ˆ
´ roi lai vong lai
`
nh vay
ˆ
r en r ı au n, Masako
` ` ` ˘
˜ ˆ
thay mınh hoan toan bat lc. Hoac th nghı en s tuyet

ˆ ´ ´ ´ ˆ ´ ´
vong cua Sharada, mot be gai A Ðong mi chın tuoi b i
´ ˜ ` ` ˆ ˆ `
cha ban, oi lay 14 My kim. B i a t lang que len thanh
˜ ´ ´ ` ` ˆ
pho xa la, em b i cng bach e cho sau ngi an ong
`
mua vui moi ngay.
´ `
Tai sao lai co ay day s au kho nh the? Va tai sao
´ ˆ ´ ` ´
Ðang Tao Hoa lai khong cham dt? Vı c s au kho
ˆ ` ´ ´ ´
ay day nen nhieu ngi xoay lng lai vi Ðc Chua
`
ˆ ˜
´ ´ ˆ ˆ
Tri. Me cua vien cu sı quan canh sˆ at noi tren b i mot
` ˆ ˆ
´
ngi mac benh tam than ´ gi et ch et. Ong gi ai th ıch ph an

´
ˆ
ˆ ´ ´ `
ng cua ong nh sau: “ Y tng ve mot Ðc Chua Tri
ˆ ´ ` ˜ ´ ˆ ´
toi cao yeu thng kiem soat toan vu tru oi vi toi qua
` ´
ˆ ´
xa vi”. Ban co the hoi: ‘Tai sao vay?’ Tai sao lai co au
ˆ ` ˆ ˆ ` ´ ´ ˆ
kho? Ðau la nguyen nhan, va Ðang Tao Hoa co quan tam
` ˆ
gı en au kho khong?
˘
Ph
` ai ch ang auˆ kho
la do tien kiep gay ra?
` ˆ ` ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
Hang trieu ngi tren the gii tin rang nguyen nhan

` ´ ´
ˆ `
cua au kho la do qua kh cua mot ngi; s au kho
ˆ ` ` ˜ ` ` ˜ `
hien tai
la hınh phat ve nhng gı ngi ay a lam trong
´ ˆ ´ ´
Neu Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam, tai sao lai co qua nhieu au kho? 167
´ `
kiep trc. Triet gia Daisetz T. Suzuki, ngi pho bien
˜ ˆ ˆ ´
Thien Ðao trong xa hoi Tay Phng, phat bieu nh sau:

` ` ` ˆ ´
“S au kho cua con ngi la vı Nghiep Bao, tat ca

´ `
˜ ´ ˘ ˆ ´
chung ta sinh ra la phai lanh ganh n ang Nghiep Bao
´ ´ ˜ ` ˆ ´ `
trong qua kh”.1 Nhng ngi c An Ðo Giao coi la
ˆ ´ ˜ ˘ ˆ ˆ ´
´
thong thai a at ra “luat Nghiep Bao” e co giai thıch

`
´
ve s au kho cua con ngi. Nhng s giai thıch cua

´ ´ ` ˆ
´ ˆ
ho co hp ly va that s thoa ang khong?
ˆ ` ` ` ˆ ´ ´ ˆ ˆ
Mot ngi an ba theo Phat Giao noi: “Toi thay that
´
´ ` `
phi ly khi phai ch iu au kho ve cai ma mınh chang biet;

` ˆ ˆ ˆ
ˆ ´
chı vı sinh ra nh vay thoi. Toi phai chap nhan no nh
` ˆ
ˆ ˆ ` ´
´
la so phan cua toi vay”. Ba thay cach giai thıch ve s au
ˆ ˆ
´ ´ ˜ ˜
kho nh vay khong thoa ang. Ban co le cung thay nh
´
´ ˆ ˆ
the. Trong khi y tng au thai co the khong pho thong
˘
` ˆ `
ni ban song, nhng ve can ban thı ay la s day do ban
´ ´ ˆ ´
co the thay trong khap cac ton giao t xng theo ang
` ˆ ´ ´ ` ´
Christ va nhieu ton giao khac—s day do con ngi co
ˆ
ˆ ´
mot linh hon bat t tiep tuc song sau khi than xac chet.
´ ` ´ ˆ ˆ ˘
Ho noi “linh hon” nay co lien he en au kho—hoac trong
` ` ˘
i nay hoac sau khi chet.
˜ ´
ˆ ´
Nhng y tng nh the rat pho thong, nhng co bang
´ ` ´ ´ ´ ˆ ˜
chng nao cho thay chung co gia tr i khong? Ve nhng
` ´ `
van e quan trong nh the nay, chung ta e cho li cua

´ ´
` ˆ
Ðang Tao Hoa hng dan chang phai la khon ngoan hn
˜ ´
`
hay sao? Trong khi nhng y tng va s tin quyet cua

` ´ ` ´
´ ´
con ngi co the lam lan, nhng li noi cua Ðc Chua
` ˜ ´
` ´ ˆ
Tri a chng to la ang tin cay.
´ ˜ ˆ ´ ˆ
Nh chung ta a ghi nhan trong chng trc, toi cua

ˆ ˜ ` ` ˆ
cha me au tien a em lai cho loai ngi mot tham hoa
ˆ ` ´ ` ´
´
tot
cung; o la s chet. Ðang Tao Hoa canh cao A-am:
` ` ˆ ˆ ` ˆ
“Trong ngay ma ngi [khong vang li, hay pham toi]
ˆ ˆ ´ ´ ` ˆ ´ ´
1 Luat
` Nghi ep Bao cho rang “cac hanh ong trong qua kh cua
ˆ ´

˜
` `
mot ng i co anh hng en nhng kiep sau cua ngi ay, hay la

s au thai”.
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
168 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
˜ ´ ´ ´
ngi chac se chet” (Sang-the Ky 2:17; 3:19, NW). Ðc
´ ` ˆ ´ ` ˆ ´ ˆ
Chua Tri khong he noi gı ve viec A-am co mot linh hon

ˆ ` ˆ ` ` `
bat t; ong la mot ngi. Theo t vng dung trong Kinh-
´ ´ ´ ˜ ˆ ` ˆ ´
thanh, ieu o co nghıa ong la mot linh hon. Do o, khi
ˆ ` ˜ ´ ˆ ˆ
chet, linh hon ten la A-am cung chet. Sau o ong khong
´ ´ ` ˜
y thc hay au kho gı na.
´ ˆ ´ ˘ ´ ´
Ðang Tao Hoa khong e xng hoac ong y vi s day
ˆ ´ ˆ ˘ ˆ
´
do ve Nghiep Bao, luan hoi, hoac mot linh hon bat t co
ˆ ˆ ˜
the au kho trong mot s hien hu sau khi chet. Tuy
ˆ ´ ´ ´ ˜ ˆ
ˆ
nhien, neu chung ta y thc c nhng hau qua do toi
ˆ ´
Khong co linh hon bat t
´ ` ` ` ˆ
`Kinh-thanh d˜ ay la m oi ng ˆ ˆ i laˆ mot linh h´ on; khi chet
th` ı linh hon cˆ ung` ch˜ et. E-x e-chi-en` 18:4 noi:ˆ “Linh-h ` on
nao´ pham ` toi thı s e ch ˆ et”. Ng ` i ch ´ et kh ong
ˆ ˆ c on tri

thc hay la s ong mot ni nao kh ac. Sa-lo-mon viet:
“Ke `chet chang ´ biet´ chi´ het” (Truy en-ao 9:5, ` 10). C a
ng i Do ˆ Thai lan cac tın o ang Christ thi ban au
eu khong he day linh hon bat t.
´ ˆ ´ ˜ ` ˆ
“Linh
h on trong ` Cu c kh ` ong he co ngh ` ıa la mot `
ph an cua con ngi, nhng ˆ la ca con ˆ ng ´ i—con ng i´
song. ˜ Tng ` t nh vay, trong ` Tan c, linh ´ hon ˆ co
ngh ıa´ la s song ˆ cua con ˆ ng` i... Kinh-thanh khong
he noi en mot linh hon ˆ vo hınh ´ ti ep t uc
s ong” (New ˆ
Catholic
´ Encyclopedia [Tan bach khoa t ien Cong
Giao]).
´ ` ´
“Y tng ` ve linh h` on bat t´ vaˆ c tin niˆ s´ song ´ lai ˆ
cua` ngi ` chet... ´ la hai khai niem da tren y thc ` he
hoan toan khac nhau”(Dopo ` la morte: immortalita o
resurrezione? do nha than hoc Philippe H. Menoud).
` ˆ ` ` ˆ ˆ ˆ ´
“Vı nguy en caˆ con´ ng ` i l a mot toi nhan, do o
khi ` chet,` ca than˜ xac´ cung linh ` hon eu chet ´ (chet ˆ
hoan toan)... ´ Gia ´ cai´ ch´ et va s song l ai, co mot
khoang cach” (Sach giao ly ao Lutheran Evangelischer
Erwachsenenkatechismus).
´ ˆ ´ ´
Neu Ðang Tao

ˆ ´ ´ ˜
cua A-am gay ra, chung ta co the hieu ro hn tai
sao
` ´
ngay nay co au kho.
` ˆ
Ðau kho en t au?
´ ` ` ˆ
Trong khi kho ma hieu c toan dien s au kho cua

` ˆ ` ´ ´ ´ ˜
con ngi, viec dung dung cu thıch hp co the giup .
ˆ ` ` ´ ` ˜
Giong nh viec dung ong nhom giup nhın thay nhng
ˆ ` ` ˆ ´ ˜ ` ˆ ` ´
vat t ang xa mot cach ro rang, viec dung Kinh-thanh
˜ ´ ´ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ
cung giup chung ta nhan ra c nguyen nhan gay ra

au kho.
ˆ ´ ` ´
´ ´ ˆ
Mot ly do la Kinh-thanh canh giac chung ta ve s kien
` `
`
“thi the va s bat trac xay ra” cho moi ngi (Truyen-
´ ˆ
ao 9:11, NW). Chang han, Chua Gie-su nhac en mau
`
` ` ´ `
tin trong thi cua ngai: 18 ngi b i thap o xuong e
` ˜ ˆ ` ˆ
`
chet. Ngai cho thay nhng nan nhan nay khong phai la
´ ˆ ˜ ` ´
co toi trong hn nhng ngi khac (Lu-ca 13:1-5). Ho
` ´ ˘ ˆ ´ ` ˆ
b i nan chang qua vı co mat khong ung cho va khong
´ ´ ´
´ ˆ `
ung luc. Nhng Kinh-thanh giai thıch them va cung
˜ ´
´ ˆ ˆ ´
cap nhng tin tc thoa ang ve nguyen nhan chınh yeu

˜ ´ ` `
cua s au kho. Nhng tin tc ay la gı?
` ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ
Sau khi hai ngi au tien pham toi, v i Quan An thien
` ´ ˆ ˆ ´ `
thng la Ðc Gie-ho-va ra phan quyet la ho mat quyen
˜ ˘ ´ ˆ
tiepˆ tuc song. Nhng nam trc khi that s chet, A-am
`
ˆ ´ ´ ˜
va E-va phai oi dien vi kha nhieu au kho. Nhng au
ˆ ` ` ` ` ˆ `
kho do ho t gay ra—nao la tuoi gia va benh hoan, nao
` ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ ` ` `
la s vat lon vi cuoc song cc nhoc, va nao la s au
` ` ´ `
buon khi nhın thay gia ınh tan hoang do ganh ghet va
ˆ ˆ ´ ´ ˆ `
bao ong gay ra (Sang-the Ky 3:16-19; 4:1-12). That la
´ ˆ ` ´
quan trong e nh au la nguon goc chınh yeu e quy
´ ´ ˆ ˆ `
trach moi au kho o. Ho t gay ra cho ho. Dau vay, lam
´ ´ ´
sao chung ta co the hieu tai sao au kho tiep tuc cho ti
` ´ `
thi ai chung ta ngay nay?
` ` ˆ ˆ ` ` ´ ˆ
Du nhieu ngi khong nhan mınh la co toi, Kinh-
´ ´ ´
ˆ
thanh a ra quan iem ung an khi noi: “Bi mot
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
170 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
` ` ˆ `
ˆ ` ´
ngi ma toi-l oi vao trong the-gian, lai bi toi-l oi ma co
` ˜
ˆ
`
s chet, thı s chet a trai qua tren het thay moi ngi
ˆ ` ` ˆ ˆ ˘
nh vay, vı moi ngi eu pham toi” (Ro-ma 5:12). Cap
` ` ˆ ˜ ˘ ˆ

`
v chong loai ngi au tien a gat hau qua cua ng
´ ´
˜
loi tai hai do chınh ho la, nhng con chau cua ho cung

´ `
b i anh hng theo (Ga-la-ti 6:7). Con chau ho tha ke
` ` ´ ˆ
s bat toan dan en s chet. Ðieu nay de hieu vi mot
` ´ ˜ ˆ ´
so ngi khi ho xem xet d kien khoa hoc, theo o, ngay
` ´ ˜ ` ˆ ` ˆ
ngay nay con cai cung tha ke benh hoan va khuyet tat
` ˆ
´ ´
t cha me nh benh de chay mau, thieu mau Cooley,
ˆ ` ˆ ˆ ` `
ong mach vanh, mot loai benh tieu ng, va ngay ca

´ ´ ´ ˆ ´ ` ˆ
ung th vu. Con cai t chung khong co loi gı, tuy vay
´

ˆ
˜ ` ´
chung phai ch iu au kho bi hau qua nhng gı chung
`
tha ke.
ˆ
´ ` ` ˆ ˜ ´ `
To tien cua chung ta la A-am va E-va a t y t choi
´
´ ˆ ˆ `

cach cai tr i cua Ðc Gie-ho-va.1 T l ich s, ban biet
ˆ ˜

´

nhan loai a th u loai chınh phu trong no lc cai tr i
´ ˆ ` ` ˆ ˜ ` ` ´ ´
trai at. Mot so ngi, an ong cung nh an ba, co y
` ˆ
tot trong no lc nay. Tuy nhien, ban tham inh ket qua

ˆ ` ` ` ` ´
cua viec con ngi t cai tr i nh the nao? Loai ngi co
´ ˆ ` ` ˆ ´
bt kho au khong? Hoan toan khong. Trai lai, nhieu
´ ´ ` ˜ ´ ` ˘
chınh sach va chien tranh gia cac quoc gia lam gia tang
´ ˆ ˘ ˆ ` ˆ
au kho. Cach ay 3.000 nam, mot nha cai tr i khon
ˆ ´ ´ ` ˆ `
ngoan nhan xet: “Co khi ngi nay cai-tr i tren ngi kia
` ` `
ma lam tai hai cho ngi ay” (Truyen-ao 8:9).
´ ` ` ´ ˘
Ban co thay tınh trang ngay nay khac nhieu, hoac
´ ˜ ´ ˆ ´ ˜
` ˆ
co le kha hn khong? Phan ln se tra li: “khong”.
´ ´ ´ ´ ` ˆ
1 Ni Sang-the Ky 2:17, Ðc Chua Tri ban lenh cho A-am
ˆ ˘ ´ ˆ ˆ ` ´ ˆ ´
khong c an trai cay biet ieu thien va ieu ac. Trong mot c` c
´ ` ´
chu ve ieu nay, Kinh-thanh The New Jerusalem Bible (1985) bınh
ˆ ` ˘
luan ve s hieu biet ay nh sau: “Ay la nangˆ lc quyet ˆ inh cho
` ` ` ˆ ` ` ´ ` `
mınh ieu gı la thien, ieu gı la ac va hanh ong theo, mot s cho
` ` ` ˆ ˆ ´
´ ` `
rang mınh hoan toan oc lap
ve ao c, bi o con ˆ ngi t choi
` ˆ
` ` ˆ ˆ
tha nhan ia v i ˆ cua mınh la vat tho tao, xin xem E-sai 5:20. Toi
ˆ `
´ ´ `
au tien la tan cong uy quyen toi thng cua Ðc Chua Tri”.
171
` ` ˆ ` `
Nhieu ngi an ong, an ba
`
ˆ
va tre em ch iu au kho khong

` ˆ `
phai chı vı toi loi va s bat
` `
toan di truyen nhng con
` ˜ ` ` ´
vı nhng gı ngi khac
˜ ` ˜ ˜
a lam. Ban hay nghı en
ˆ `
viec con ngi lam dung
ˆ
´
trong viec quan tr i trai at
` `
thng vı tham lam. Con
` ˜ ´ ˆ ˆ
ngi cung co toi trong viec
´ ˆ `
phat sinh o nhiem, tao ra ngheo
` ` ´ ˆ
n an, va g op ph an g ay ra n an
´ ´ ` ˆ ˆ
oi kem va d ich le. Ngay mot so tai
ˆ ˆ ` `
ng thien nhien ma nhieu ngi
Alexis, con trai cua Czar ` ˆ ˜ `
` goi
la thien tai cung do con ngi
Nicholas II va Alexandra,
ˆ ´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ ˆ
bi benh
de ´ chay mau di gay ra. Co mot nguyen nhan quan
˜ ´ ˆ `
truyen. Chung ta cung bi
` ` trong khac gay ra au kho ma
bat toan di truyen t ` `
` ngi ta thng hay bo qua.

to phu la A-am
ˆ ˆ
Ke chu chot gay nen au kho
ˆ ´ ´ ˘ ˆ ˆ ˆ `
Mot sach trong Kinh-thanh ac biet tiet lo au la
ˆ ˆ ˆ
`
nguyen nhan sau xa cua s au kho va tai sao Ðang Tao
´ ˆ ´ ´
´ ` ´
Hoa ay quan tam lai cho phep no xay ra. Ðo la sach
´ ´ ` ` ´
´ ` `
Giop. Sach nay lam sang to bat c s hieu biet nao con
` ` ˆ ´ ` ˆ
l m ve van e au kho, qua viec cung cap cai nhın sau
˜ ˆ `
˜
tham trong lanh vc vo hınh, ni xay ra nhng bien co
quan trong.
´ ˆ
˘ ´ ˆ ´ ˆ
Cach ay khoang 3.500 nam, ıt lau trc khi Moi-se
˜ ´ ˆ
´ ˆ
viet nhng quyen sach au tien cua Kinh-thanh, mot
` ˆ ` ´
` ` `
ng

ˆ i t en l a Gi op s ong v ung ng ay nay c g oi l a

´ ` ` ˆ ` ˆ
A-rap. L ich s cho biet Giop la ngˆ i cong bınh, nhan
´ ` ` ´ ´

c, va c moi ngi kınh trong. Ong co nhieu cua cai

` ´ ˆ ˆ ´ ` ` ´
gom nhieu an suc vat, tham chı c goi la “ngi ln

ˆ ˆ ˆ ` ˆ ´
hn het trong ca dan Ðong-phng”. Tren bınh dien ca
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
172 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
ˆ ´ ´ ˆ ` ´
ˆ
nhan, Giop co mot gia ınh ly tng—mot v, bay con

` ´ ´ ˆ `
trai va ba con gai (Giop 1:1-3; 29:7-9, 12-16). Mot ngay
ˆ ´
´ ´ ´ ´
kia, mot s gia chay en bao cao cho Giop biet bay suc
ˆ ´
ˆ ´ ˆ ` ´ ˆ ´
vat gia tr i cua ong b i bon cp xong vao cp i. Mot lat
ˆ ´
´ ´ ´ ˜ ˆ
sau, mot s gia khac en bao cao nhng bay chien cua
ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ` ´
ong b i giet het. Roi dan Canh-e xong vao cp i 3.000
` ˆ ´
ˆ ` ´
lac a, giet het toi t, chı mot ngi chay thoat c.
` ˜ ˆ ´ ´ ` `
Cuoi cung tin d nhat en. Mot cn gio khac thng lam
ˆ ˘ `
`
` `
´
sap can nha cua ngi con ca va e chet tat ca con cai

ˆ ´
´ ˆ ´
cua ong ang nhom o. Trc dien vi s au kho nh
´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ` ˆ ´ `
the, Giop co trach moc Ðc Chua Tri khong? Ðng vao

ˆ ˜
` ´
ia v i cua ong, ban se cam thay nh the nao? (Giop 1:
13-19).
ˆ ` ˜
´ ´ ˆ
Tuy nhien, con nhieu tai hoa na xay ti. Giop b i mot
´ ˆ ´
ˆ
´ ˆ
chng benh au ˆ n khung khiep, nhot oc l loet tren
ˆ
` ˆ ` ´
khap than the.1 Ong tr thanh benh hoan va ang tm
ˆ ´ ´ ´ ` ` ´ ˜
en noi v ong trach Ðc Chua Tri. Ba noi: “Hay phı-
´ ´ ´ ` ` ´ ˆ
bang Ðc Chua Tri, va chet i!” Giop khong biet tai sao
ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ´ ´
ong b i au kho, tuy nhien, ong khong he gan cho Ðc
´ ` ˜ ˆ ´
Chua Tri a gay ra au kho. Chung ta oc: “Trong moi
ˆ ´ ´ ˆ ˆ
ˆ ˆ ` ´
viec o, Giop khong pham toi bi moi mieng mınh” (Giop
2:6-10).
`
´ `
Hay biet tınh ˆ trang khon kho cua Giop, ba ngi ban
˘ ˆ ` ´ ˜ ` ´ ˆ
en tham ong. E-li-pha quyet la Giop han a lam ac nen
˘ ˆ
ˆ ´ ` ` ˆ
at cau hoi: “Ðau co ˆ ngi ngay-thang lai b i tr-diet?”
´ ˆ ˆ ´ ˜ ˆ
(Giop, chng 4, 5). E-li-pha buoc toi Giop a pham toi
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ` ´ ´ ´ ˘
tham kın, tham chı khong cho ngi oi khat banh an
` ´ ` ´ `
ˆ ´
va c hiep ngi goa bua va tre mo coi (Giop, chng 15,
`

` ˜ ´ ´
22). Hai ngi an ui gia hınh kia cung trach mang Giop
˜ ` ˆ ` ´ ˆ ˆ
nh the nhng au kho ma ong ch iu la do chınh ong gay
´ ´ ˆ ` ` ˆ
ra. Ho co ung khong? Hoan toan khong.
˜ ˘ ´ ` `

1 Nh
ng o´ an
`van ` khac cho
th´ ay toˆ an th e h` ınh anh ve s au
´

kh o cua Giop. Nao doi bo phu k ın th an th
´ e, tng ´ manh vay cng`
ˆ ˆ `
ˆ
noi len tren da, nao hi th hoi thoi. Giop au n quan quai va
`
˜ ´ ´
tng mang da a hoa en ri ra (Giop 7:5; 19:17; 30:17, 30).
´ ˆ ´ ´
Neu Ðang Tao
´ ´ ´ ´ ˆ ˆ
Sach Giop giup chung ta nhan ra c coi re cua s

` ´
` ´
au kho ma Giop phai ch iu va thay c tai sao Ðc
´ ` ´
`
Chua Tri cho phep s au kho xay ra. Chng 1 va
ˆ ˜ `
´ ˆ ´ ´
ˆ
chng 2 tiet lo nhng gı xay ra ıt lau trc o tren
` ˆ ` ˜
tri vo hınh, trong lanh vc than linh. Than linh phan

ˆ ` ´ ´ ´ ´
ngh ich ten la Sa-tan1 en nhom vi cac than linh khac
´ ˘ ´ ´ `
´
trc mat Ðc Chua Tri. Khi s tron ven cua Giop
´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
c nhac ti, Sa-tan lien thach thc: “Giop ha kınh-s
´ ´ ` ˆ ˆ ` ˜
Ðc Chua Tri luong-cong sao?... Nhng bay gi hay gi
´ ´ ˆ ` ´ ` `
tay Chua ra, ung en hai cac vat ngi co, at la ngi
˜
´ ´ ´ ˘ ´
se phı-bang Chua trc mat” (Giop 1:9-12).
´ ´ ´ ˆ ˆ ´ ´ ` ˆ
Noi cach khac, Sa-tan buoc toi Ðc Chua Tri hoi lo
´ ` `
Giop. Than linh ngang ngc nay cho rang neu tai san
` ´
´ ´ ˜

´ ˆ ˆ
va sc khoe b i tc oat, Giop se rua sa Ðc Gie-ho-va.
´ ˆ
` ˆ ` ` ˆ
Noi rong hn, Sa-tan qua quyet la khong ngi nao yeu
` ` ´ ´ ´ `

thng va trung thanh vi Ðc Chua Tri khi phai oi
ˆ ´ ´ ´ ´

dien vi au kho. S thach thc o tao ra anh hng

ˆ ` ˆ ` ˆ ˆ
lau dai tren toan cau. Van e Sa-tan neu len phai c

´ ´ ˆ ˆ ´
giai quyet. Do o, Ðc Gie-ho-va cho phep Sa-tan c
´ ` ˆ ´ ` ˜ ˆ
phep t do hanh ong chong lai Giop, va Sa-tan a gay
` ` ˆ ` ´ ` ´
cho ngi an ong nay au kho di nhieu hınh thc
´
khac nhau.
˜ ` ´ ˜ ˆ ` ˆ `
Ro rang Giop a khong hieu va khong the nao hieu
´ ´ ` ˜ ˆ
c van e tranh chap co tam mc hoan vu c neu

ˆ ` ˜ ˘ ´
´
ra tren tri. Sa-tan a sap at e cho co ve nh chınh
´ ´ ` ˜ ´ ´
Ðc Chua Tri a tao ra cac tai ng cho Giop. Chang
´ ´ ˆ
´ ` ˆ ´
han, khi set anh bay chien cua Giop thı mot ay t
´ ˆ `

´ ´ `
thoat nan ket luan rang ay la “la cua Ðc Chua Tri”.
˘ ´ ˆ ˜ `
Mac dau Giop khong hieu tai sao nhng ieu nay lai xay
ˆ ˆ

ˆ ˆ ´ ´ `
ra, ong khong he rua hay bo Gie-ho-va Ðc Chua Tri
´
(Giop 1:16, 19, 21).
´ ` ´ ` ˆ
1 Trong chng “Ban co˜ the hoc
´ c
g` ı ve
Ðang Tao
Hoa t
mot

´ ´
quyen sach?”, chˆ ung ta a xem xet vai tro cua Sa-tan Ma-quı trong
ˆ ` ˆ
viec
A-am va E-va pham toi.
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
174 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
ˆ ´ ` ˆ
Neu phan tıch tınh huong nam ang sau kinh nghiem

´ ˜ ` ´
cua Giop, ban se thay van e tranh chap: Con ngi co
´ ˆ ˆ ` ` ˆ
phung s Ðc Gie-ho-va vı long yeu thng bat chap moi
´ ˘ ˆ ´ ´ ´
` ˆ
`
kho khan khong? Giop giup chung ta tra li cau hoi nay.

´ ` ˆ ˆ ˆ ´ ´ ´ `
Chı co tınh yeu thng chan that oi vi Ðc Chua Tri
´ ´ ´ ˆ ` ˜ ` ` ´
mi co the thuc ay mot ngi gi long trung thanh vi
´ ˆ ˆ ` ˆ ` ` ´ ˜ ` ˆ `
Ðc Gie-ho-va, va ay la ieu ma Giop a lam. That la
ˆ ´ ´ ´
mot bang chng ngh ich lai vi s cao gian cua Sa-tan!
ˆ ` ˆ ` ˜ ˆ ´
Tuy nhien, vu nay khong bat au va cung khong ket thuc
´ `
´ ` ` ´ ´ `
vi trng hp cua Giop vao thi ay; no keo dai nhieu

` ´ ˆ ˆ
´ ˜
the ky va co lien he en ca chung ta na.
` ˆ ˆ ` ` `
´ `
Du nguyen nhan la gı, nhieu ngi phan ng the nao
˘ ˘ ´ ˆ
khi ho thay hoac gap au kho? Co the ho khong biet van
ˆ `
´ ˘ ˆ ´
e c neu ra trong thi cua Giop, hoac tham chı ho
ˆ ` ´ ´ ` ` ˆ
khong tin la co Sa-tan. Do o, ho thng nghi ng viec
´ ˆ ´ ˘ ´ `
co mot Ðang Tao Hoa, hoac quy trach cho Ngai ve moi

` ` ´
au kho xay ra. Ban cam thay the nao ve ieu nay? Vi
˜ ` ´ ˜
nhng gı biet c ve Ðang Tao Hoa, ban han se ong
´ ´ ˆ ` ´ `
y vi mot ngi viet Kinh-thanh la Gia-c, bat chap s
˜
´ ´ ´
au kho, a qua quy et` nh sau: “Ch co ai ng b i cam-
` ´ ´ ´ ` ´ ˆ ` ´
do ma noi rang: Ay la Ðc Chua Tri cam-do toi; vı Ðc
´ ` ´ ` ´ ` ´
Chua Tri chang b i s ac nao cam-do c, va chınh
` ˜ ˆ ´
Ngai cung khong cam-do ai” (Gia-c 1:13).
´ `
´ ˆ ˜ ´ ´
Xem xet trng hp cua Chua Gie-su se giup chung
´ ˆ ˆ ´ ´
ta co mot quan iem khon ngoan. Chung ta biet Chua
ˆ ´ ` ´ ˆ ´
Gie-su c kınh trong vı co s thong sang, s hieu biet,
` ` ` ` ´ ˆ ` `
va la thay day tai ba. Ngai co lap trng nao ve Sa-tan
` ´ ˆ
va s au kho? Chua Gie-su biet chac Sa-tan Ma-quı

ˆ ˜ ` ´ ˆ `
hien hu va co the gay ra au kho. Sa-tan tng co be

` ˆ
´ ˜ ´
´
gay long trung kien cua Giop cung ra sc th thach
´ ˆ ˆ ` ˆ ´ ˆ
Chua Gie-su nh vay. Ngoai viec cho thay Sa-tan co that,
ˆ ` ˜ ´
` ˆ ˆ ˆ
s kien nay cung chng to la cuoc tranh chap neu len
` ` ´ ` ˜ ´
vao thi Giop van con tiep tuc. Cung giong nh Giop,
´ ˆ ˜
` ´ ´ `
Chua Gie-su a to ra trung thanh vi Ðang Tao Hoa du
´ ˆ ´ ´
Neu Ðang Tao

` ` ´
phai hy sinh het cua cai va quyen hanh, b i au n ve
´ ` ˆ ˆ ` `
the xac va chet tren cay kho hınh. Qua trng hp cua
´ ˆ ´ ´ ´ ` `
Chua Gie-su, chung ta thay Ðc Chua Tri van con cho
´ ˆ ´ ` ´ `
phep nhan loai chng minh ho trung thanh vi Ngai bat
´ ˘ ˘
chap kho khan (Lu-ca 4:1-13; 8:27-34; 11:14-22; Giang
19:1-30).
´ ´ ` ´ ´ ´ ´
Cho phep au kho keo dai—Vi ly do chınh ang
´
´ ´
Ðe hieu s au kho, chung ta phai y thc rang s bat
´
` ˆ
trac, khuynh hng cua con ngi toi loi, s vung ve

` ˆ
´ ` ´
cua con ngi trong viec quan tr i trai at, va chınh Sa-

` ˜ ˆ ˆ ˆ
tan Ma-quı la nhng nguyen nhan gay ra au kho. Tuy
ˆ
ˆ ˆ
`
nhien, chı biet nguyen nhan cua au kho thı cha u.
ˆ ` ` ˜ `
Khi b i au kho, mot ngi thay de dang e nghı nh nha
ˆ ´
ˆ ´ ˜ ´ ˆ ˆ
tien tri Ha-ba-cuc thu xa; ong noi: “Hi Ðc Gie-ho-
ˆ ˆ ` ` ˆ ˆ `
va! Toi keu-van ma Ngai khong nghe toi cho en chng
` ˆ ` ´ ˆ ` ` ` `
nao? Toi vı c s bao-ng c
keu-van cung Ngai, ma Ngai
´
´ ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ
chang khng giai-cu toi! Nhan sao Chua khien toi thay
´ ` ` ` ´ `
s gian-ac, va Ngai nhın-xem s ngang-trai? S tan-hai
´ ` ´ ˆ ˘
Keo dai qua lau roi chang?
` ` ´ ` ´ ˆ
˘ T thi Giop en thi Chua Gie-su, ˆ kho
` ang 1.600
nam, ´ s` au kh ´ o tiˆ ep dien ` trong m˘ ot th´ i gian ` xem ˆ ra `
kha dai. ` Ðoi
v i
` m ot ng i, 100 n am ´ c o ve l a m ot ´ th i
gian dai ˆ e ch´ i au kh o ch am d t. Nhng ch ung ta
´ ´ ˆ ˆ ˜
phˆ ai nhan thc cac v´ an e chınh yeu Sa-tan neu´ len ´ a
boi` nho ` Ðang Tao ` Hoa. Theo ´ quan iem cua ` Ðc ´ Chua
Tri,` thi gian ˆ Ngai cho ` ` phep s au ˆ kh ` o va´ gian ` ac xay ˆ
ra l` a ng˘ an thoi. ´ Ngai` la “Vua ` mu ˆ on i”;˜ vi Ng ai ‘mot
ngan ˆ nˆ am... khac nao ˆ ngay hom` qua ´ a ` qua ` roi’ (1 Ti-˜
mo-the 1:17; Thi-thi en` 90:4). ` Va ` vi˜ loai ngi, khi a
c ban
` cho s´ ong i i roi ˆ thı ˜ se thay giai o ˜ an l ich
s ma `trong ˆ o au kh o hi en
h u xem ra c ung ngan
ngui ma thoi.
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
176 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?

´ ˘ ˆ ˜ ˆ
bao-ng c trc mat toi; s tranh-au cai-lay day len”
´ ´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ ´
(Ha-ba-cuc 1:2, 3). Ðung vay, tai sao Ðc Gie-ho-va c
` ´ ` ˆ ´ ` ˆ
‘nhın-xem s ngang-trai’ ma xem ra khong co hanh ong
`
` ´ ´ ` ` ˘ ` ´ ˜ `
gı ca? La Ðc Chua Tri Toan Nang, Ngai co nhng gı
` ` ˆ ˆ ´
can thiet, nh quyen lc va long yeu men cong ly, e
´ ˆ ` ` ´ ` `
cham dt au kho. Vay khi nao Ngai mi lam ieu nay?
˜ ´ ´ ˆ ˘ ` `
Nh a noi trc ay, khi cap v chong loai ngi au
ˆ ` ` ˆ ˆ ´
tien la chon hoan toan oc lap, Ðang Tao Hoa biet chac
` ´ ˆ ´
˜ ` ˆ ´ ´
la co mot so con chau cua ho se hanh ong khac. Ðc
ˆ ˆ ˜ ˆ ´ ` ˆ
Gie-ho-va a khon ngoan cho phep thi gian troi qua. Ðe
` ` ´ ˆ ˆ ´
lam gı? Ðe minh chng s cai tr i biet lap vi Ðang Tao
´
` `
Hoa chı dan en s bat hanh va, ngc lai, song hoa hp
´ ´ ` ´ ´ ` ´
vi Ðang Tao Hoa la chınh ang va em lai hanh phuc.
` ` ´ ´ ` ˜ ˜ ´
Trong thi gian nay, Ðc Chua Tri a gi trai at
` ˆ ` ´
´ ´
sao cho van la moi trng ıt nhieu thoai mai. S o
ˆ ´ ˆ ´ ` ´ ˆ `
Phao-lo ly luan: “Trong cac i trc ay, Ngai e cho
ˆ ` ˆ ` ˆ ` ´ `
moi dan theo ng rieng mınh, dau vay, Ngai c lam
´ ˆ ` ´ ` ´ ´ `
chng luon ve mınh, tc la giang phc cho, lam ma
` ` ´ ` `
t tri xuong, ban cho cac ngi mua-mang nhieu hoa-

˘ ˆ ` ` ` ˆ ´
qua, o-an d-dat, va long ay vui-mng” (Cong-vu cac
´ ˆ ˜ ` ´ ˆ ˆ
S-o 14:16, 17). Vay ro rang Ðang Tao Hoa khong gay
` ´ ´

ra au kho, nhng Ngai cho phep no xay ra e giai quyet
˜
nhng van e toi quan trong.
` ´
Bao gi c
giai thoat?
ˆ ˆ ` ˆ ˘
That
ra, s kien au kho ngay mot gia tang cho thay
´

´ ´ ´
no sap sa phai cham dt. Tai sao co the noi nh the?
´ ˆ ˜ ` ˜
˜ ˆ
Kinh-thanh tiet lo nhng gı a xay ra trong lanh vc vo
` ` ` ´ ´ ˜ ˆ ˆ ˜
hınh vao thi Giop; Kinh-thanh cung tiet lo mot lan na
ˆ ` ` ´ ´ `
nh vay vao thi chung ta. Sach cuoi cung cua Kinh-
´ ´
´ ´ ˆ ˆ ˆ
thanh, sach Khai-huyen, chu y en mot cuoc xung ot

ˆ `
` ` ` ˜
´
xay ra tren tri. Ket qua la gı? Sa-tan va lu quy s cua

˘ ´ ´
ˆ
han “b i quang xuong at”. Kinh-thanh noi tiep: “Bi vay,
˜ ´ ` ` ´
´ ˜ `
hi cac tang tri va cac ang o, hay vui-mng i!
´ ˆ ´ ´
Neu Ðang Tao
`
` ` ` `
Khon-nan cho at va bien! vı ma-quı biet thı-gi mınh
` ˆ ˆ ˆ ` ` ´
con chang bao nhieu, nen gian hoang ma en cung cac

ngi” (Khai-huyen 12:7-12).
ˆ ´ ` ˆ ´
Mot s xem xet tı mı li tien tri cua Kinh-thanh cho
ˆ ˜ ` ´ ˜
thay bien co tren a xay ra trong the ky nay. Co le ban
˜ ´ ` ˆ ` ´ ˆ ´
biet nhng s gia uy tın eu tha nhan la co mot khuc
` ˘
quanh quan trong trong l ich s vao nam 1914 khi The
`

` ´
` ´ ˆ
Chien I bung no.1 Ke t o, au kho va khon kho tren
` ˘ ´ ˆ ˜ ´ ` ` `
a gia tang. Chua Gie-su cung noi en thi ky nay khi
´ ˆ ˆ ˆ ` `
cac mon o than can cua ngai hoi ve “ iem gı chı ve s
´ ` ˆ ´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˜
Chua en va tan-th e”. Chua Gie-su noi: “Dan nay se day
ˆ ` ˆ ´ ´ ` ´
len ngh ich cung dan khac, nc no ngh ich cung nc
˜ ´ ˆ ´ ´ ´ ´ ` ˆ
kia; se co s ong at ln, co oi-kem va d ich-le trong
´ ˜ ` ´
nhieu ni, co nhng iem la kinh-khiep va dau ln
ˆ ` ˜ `
tren tri” (Ma-thi- 24:3-14; Lu-ca 21:5-19). Nhng li
` ˜ ´
´ ˆ
nay, cho thay se co nhieu au kho, ang ng nghiem tron
ˆ
ven lan au tien trong l ich s.
´ ˆ ˜ ` ` ˆ
Kinh-thanh mo ta nhng bien co nay nh la mot s
` ˆ ´ ` ´
m man cho mot cn “hoan-n an ln, en noi t khi mi
´ ` ˆ ` ` ´ ˆ `
co tri at cho en bay gi cha tng co nh vay, ma
˜ ˆ ´ ˜ ˆ ˜
sau nay cung khong he co na” (Ma-thi- 24:21). Ðay se
` ˆ ˆ ´ ´ ` ` ˆ ˆ
la s can thiep quyet liet cua Ðc Chua Tri vao noi bo
` ` ˜ ` ˆ
´ ˆ
cua con ngi. Ngai se hanh ong e cham dt he thong
´ ˜ ˆ
`
moi s gian ac a gay ra au kho trong nhieu ngan
˘ ˆ ˆ ´ ˜ ` ˆ ˆ ˆ
nam. Nhng ay khong co nghıa la ‘tan the’ do mot cuoc
` ´ ˆ ˆ `
ˆ `
tan sat bang nguyen t huy diet toan the nhan loai. Li
´ ´ ` ` ˜ ´ ` ´ ˆ
Ðc Chua Tri bao am la se co ngi song sot. “Vo-so
` ´ ´ ˆ ˆ
ngi... bi moi nc, moi chi-phai, moi dan-toc, moi
˜ ´ ´
tieng” se song sot qua cn hoan nan o (Khai-huyen 7:
9-15).

´ ˆ ` ´ ˜ ´
Ðe co mot hınh anh tron ven, chung ta hay xem xet
ˆ ` ˆ ` ´
1 Muon biet them ve li tien tri nay, xin xem chng 9 sach Kinh
´ ˆ ` ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
Thanh that
s day
gı? do Nhan Chng Gie-ho-va xuat ban.
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
178 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
´ ´ ` ˜
´ ´
Kinh-thanh noi ieu gı se xay ra sau o. Trai at ep
ˆ ˆ ` ˆ ´ ´
nh cong vien, ma ban au c dng nen vi muc ıch
`
` ˜ ´ ˆ
lam ni cho con ngi, se c tai lap (Lu-ca ˆ 23:43).
˜ ˆ ` ` ˆ ˜
Ban se khong con thay ngi vo gia c na. E-sai viet:
ˆ ˜ ˆ ` `
` ` ˘ ´ `
“Dan ta se xay nha va , trong vn nho va an trai... vı
ˆ ˜ ˆ ˜

˜
tuoi dan ta se nh tuoi cay, nhng ke la-ch on cua ta se

ˆ ˆ ` ` ˜ ˆ
hang hng cong-viec tay m ınh l am. H o s e kh ong nhoc
` ˆ ´ ˜ ˆ
˘ `
mınh vo-ıch na, khong e con ra e gap s hoa, vı ho
` ` ˜

´
´ ˆ ˆ
la dong-doi cua ke c ban phc bi Ðc Gie-ho-va,
´ ` ´ ˜ ˆ ´ ´ ˆ
con chau ho cung vi ho na.... Muong-soi vi chien con
˜ ˘
˘ ` ˜ ´ `
se an chung, s-t an rm nh bo... Se chang co ai lam
`
´ ´ ´ ´
ton-hai, hay la huy-pha trong ˆ khap nui thanh ta, Ðc
ˆ ˆ ˜ ´ ˆ
Gie-ho-va a phan vay” (E-sai 65:21-25).
` ˆ ` ˆ ´ ˆ ` ˜
Con s au kho tren bınh dien ca nhan thı sao? Se
ˆ ` ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ
khong con chien tranh, bao ong, hay toi ac (Thi-thien
´
Khuc quanh trong l ich s
ˆ ` ` ´ ´ ˜ ` ˆ
“B ay gi khi` nhın lai, ˜ ch ung ta ˆ mi ` thay` ro la viec
The Chien
I bung no a m ra mot ‘thi ky kh ` on kho’`
trong the ky hai mi theo nh ` ´s gia ng
˘ i Anh la
Arnold Toynbee di` en ta, kˆ e t o n˜ en van minh cua
´ ˆ
chung ta khong con troi len c na” (The Fall of the
Dynasties, Edmond Taylor).
ˆ ˘ ´ ˆ ˘ ´
“Qu a that nam 1914, ´ ch
khong phai nam co bien
˜ ´ `
co Hiroshima, ´ a ` anh dau ´ khuc quanh ´ trong th
i
ai cua ´ chung ta, ngay´ nay chung ˜ ta co` the ˆ thay ` rang
... chınh th e chi en th nh at a m man´ mot ´ thi ai
chuy ` en ti ep ay hoang˜ ´ mang, trong ´ o ch ˆ ung ta i
qu quang” (Tien sı Rene Albrecht-Carrie thuoc Barnard
College).
` ˘ ´ ˘ ˜
` “Vao ` nam ´ 1914,
th
ˆ e gii mat ˜ i s ket ˆ c` au ch ˆ at ` che`
va ke t` o khong ` lay lai ˆ c na.... ˆ ˆ Ðay la mot ˜ thi ky
cc ˆ ky hon ` lo an
va ´ b ao
ong,
n oi b o qu oc gia c ung nh
ben ngoai ranh gii quoc gia” (The Economist).
´ ˆ ´ ´
Neu Ðang Tao
´ ´
Ngay trong luc cho phep s au kho xay ra,

´ ˜
` ´
Ðang Tao
Hoa cung cung cap cho con ng i nhieu vui s ng
ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ `
46:8, 9; Cham-ngon 2:22; E-sai 2:4). Ðang Dng Nen va
` ` ˜ ´ ˜
Ðang Ban S Song cho loai ng
i se tr
giup nhng
` ˆ ` ` ´ `
ng
iˆ biet vang l
i at
c va vui h
ng sc khoe toan
˜ ˆ ` ´ ˜ ` ´
hao (E-sai 25:8; 33:24). Se khong con nan oi na vı trai
˜ ` ˆ ´ `
at se
c phuc hoi tınh trang can bang sinh thai va
˜ ` ˆ ˆ ˆ ´
se san xuat d tha (Thi-thien 72:16). That vay, cac
ˆ ` ´ ˜ `
nguon gay ra au kho ma nay chˆ ung ta thay se chı con
` ´ ´ ` ˆ
la ieu trong qua kh ma thoi (E-sai 14:7).
ˆ ˆ ` ˆ ´ ˆ
Vay
ay phai la tin vui nhat. Tuy nhien co the mot so
` ˜ ` ` ´
ng
i nghı van con hai iem can
c lam sang to. S
˜ ˆ ´ ˆ ˜ ´
vui h
ng nhng an ph
c tren se rat gi
i han neu con
` ˘ `
ng
i chı song
c 70 hay 80 nam roi chet. Va phai
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
180 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
˘ ` ˆ
˜ `
chang ngi ay khong cam thay buon ve nhng ngi
ˆ ˆ ´ ´ ´
than yeu chet trc khi Ðang Tao Hoa cham dt s au
` ˆ
` ` `
kho cho con ngi sao? Cau tra li la gı?
ˆ ˆ ´ ´
Vo hieu
hoa s au kho ln nhat
´ ´
´ ` ` ˆ
Ðang Tao Hoa co giai phap. Ngai la Ðang Dng Nen
˜ ` ` ` ˆ ` ´ `
vu tru va s song loai ngi tren at. Ngai co the lam
˜ ` ´
˘
` ˘ ˜
nhng gı vt qua kha nang cua con ngi hoac nhng
` `
´ ˜ ` ´
gı con ngi chı mi nghı may ra lam c. Chung ta

´ ´ `
chı can xem xet hai vı du ve ieu nay.
´ ´ ˘ ˆ
Chung ta co tiem nang song bat tan.
´ ˜ ` ` `
Kinh-thanh ro rang a ra trien vong song i i
` ´ ´ ` ˘
ma Ðc Chua Tri ban cho (Giang 3:16; 17:3). Sau khi
ˆ ´ ´ `
` ´ ˜
nghien cu cac gen trong te bao cua con ngi, bac sı
´ `
´
Michael Fossel phuc trınh rang pham lng cua cac te
`

` ˆ ˆ
´ ´
bao sinh san cua an ong khong suy giam vi tuoi tac.
´ ` ´ ´ ˜
“Cac gen ma chung ta co san, neu ma di truyen c
ˆ ´ ˜ ´ `
´
truyen i nguyen ven, co the gi cac te bao cua chung ta
ˆ ´ ` ´ ˜ ` ´
khong can coi i”. Ðieu o hoa hp vi nhng gı chung
´ ˆ ´
´ ´
ta thay trong Chng 4, theo o, bo oc cua chung ta co
ˆ
˘ `
` ` ` ´ ˆ
mot kha nang ma ca i ngi dung ti chang bao nhieu;
` ˆ ˆ ˆ
hınh nh c phan ay c thiet ke e hoat ong en vo
ˆ ˜ ˆ ´ ´
` ˜ ´
tan.
Dı nhien, o mi chı la nhng iem phu, bo tuc cho
˜ ` ´ ´ ´ ˆ ˆ ˜
nhng gı Kinh-thanh noi trc tiep—Ðc Gie-ho-va se
` ´ ´ ` ` ˆ
lam cho chung ta co the song i i khong au kho.
˜ ´ ` ´ ´ `
Hay lu y ieu Ngai ha trong quyen sach cuoi cung

´ ´ ´ ` ˜ ´ ´
cua Kinh-thanh: “[Ðc Chua Tri] se lau rao het nc

´ ˜ ˆ ´ ˜ ˆ
mat khoi mat chung, se khong co s chet, cung khong
´ ´ ˆ ` ´ ˜

co than-khoc, keu-ca, hay la au-n na” (Khai-huyen
21:4).
´ ´ ˘ ´ ` `
Ðang Tao Hoa co kha nang giup ngi bi au kho va
˜
a chet—cho ho song lai.
` ` ˘
La-xa-r la ngi c song lai. (Giang 11:17-45; xin
´ `
xem trang 158-160). Giao s Donald MacKay dung minh
´ ˆ ´ ´
Neu Ðang Tao
ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ
´
hoa bang mot ho s ien toan. Ong viet rang huy pha
ˆ ´ ˆ ´ ˆ ´ ˜ `
mot may ien toan khong nhat thiet co nghıa la cham
´ ˜ ˆ ` ˆ `
dt vınh vien mot phng trınh hay mot chng trınh
´ ´ ` `
nam trong o. Co the e cung phng trınh hay chng
` ` ˆ ´ ˆ ´ ´ ` `
trınh ay vao mot may ien toan khac va chay, “neu nha
´ ´
toan hoc muon”. Giao s MacKay viet tiep: “Khoa hoc
ˆ ´ ´
ˆ ´ ˆ `
nghien cu c gii cua bo oc xem ra khong ngh ich gı
´ ` ` ´ ´
nhieu vi hy vong song i i noi trong Kinh-thanh von
˘ ˆ ˆ `
ac biet nhan manh ve ‘s song lai’ ”. Neu mot ngi
´ ´ ` `
chet, Ðang Tao Hoa co the lam ho song lai sau nay nh
` ´ ˆ ` ` ´ ˆ `
trng hp Chua Gie-su va trng hp Chua Gie-su lam
ˆ ` ´
ˆ `
cho La-xa-r. MacKay ket luan la cai chet cua mot ngi
ˆ ˆ
ˆ ` `
khong gay tr ngai cho viec ngi nay c song lai
ˆ ˆ ´ ´
´
trong mot than the mi “neu Ðang Tao Hoa cua chung

ta muon”.
ˆ
´ `
Vang, giai phap cuoi cung nam trong tay Ðang Tao
´
´
` ` ´ ´
˘ `
Hoa cua chung ta. Chı mınh Ngai mi co kha nang hoan
` ´
` ˆ

ˆ ` ˆ
toan xoa het au kho, giai tr hau qua cua toi loi, va vo
ˆ ´ ´ ˆ ˜ ´ ´ ´ ˆ
hieu hoa s chet. Chua Gie-su Christ a noi vi cac mon
` ˆ ` ´ ´
o ngai ve mot dien bien phi thng trc mat chung
` ´ ` `

ta. Ngai noi: “Gi en, khi moi ngi trong mo-ma

` `
˘
nghe tieng Ngai va ra khoi” (Giang 5:28, 29).
` ´ ˘
Con ng i co the song lai
chang?
´ ˜ ˆ
˜ Bac ` sı chuy ˆ en khoa ˆ ˜ ve th an kinh Richard ` ` M. ` Restak
a bınh luan ´ v e ˆ b o n ao ` c ua con ´ ng´ i v te˘ bao than˜
a
kinh´ cua ˆ no. “Mot ng ` i´ quan sat vi kha nang ´ ˆ giai ma
cac di en tièp hp va cac mach c
´ thiet trı ben trong
50 ty t˜ e bao` th an kinh c` ua c the, ´ co the` bi et c ˜ tat
ca` nh´ ng gı v˜e con ` ng i cua ch ` ung taˆ va t` at˜ ca` nhng
gı chung ´ ta a l am”.
ˆ N eu qu a nh
l a ´ vay thı le nao ˆ Ðang
Tao ` Hoa ˜ ay yeu ´ thng ˆ cua ch` ung ta lai khong` the´
dung nhng tin tc ve mot ngi e tao lai ngi o
hay sao?
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
182 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
´ ˆ ˜
Cac dien
tiep hp
cua ban
a c
em
´ ˆ ´ ´ ˆ ´ ˜ ˜
Chua Gie-su noi: “Toc tren au cac ngi cung a
` ´ ˆ
em het roi” ` (Ma-thi-´ 10:29-31).
` ˜ Con chat xam` ben `
trong
au thı sao?
Cac
te bao nao ´ (c goi la te bao
than kinh) nho li ti en noi chı kınh hien vi cc manh
´ ´ ` ˜
mi co the nhın thay c. Ban hay tng tng co
ˆ ` ˆ ˆ `
em, khong phai chı te bao than kinh khong thoi ma ca
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ´
cac dien ˆ tiep hp ` nho hn, co the len ti 250.000
trong mot so te bao than kinh.
´ ˜ ˜ ˆ ˆ
B ac s
´ Peter
ı
Huttenlocher
a tien phong
` ˆ trong ´ viec ˆ
dung kınh hien vi ien t cc manh e em cac lien
` ´ ´ ˆ
hp than` kinh t c ac t thi c ` mo ` e kh am
` nghiem ´
—cua bao thai, tre s sinh, va ngi gia. Ðieu ang
ˆ ` ´ ˜
ngac
ˆ nhi en ˜ la tat ca´ cac ` mau th , ` moi m au khoang c
mot au mui kim, co cung so te bao than kinh, khoang
70.000.
´ ˜ ˆ
Roi Bac sı Huttenlocher bat au em so dien tiep
˜ ´ `
hp trong nh ng m au th nh o li ti o. T e b ao th an kinh
´ ˆ ˆ
cua
´ thai nhi ˆ co 124´ tri´ eu dien ´ tiep ´ hp, treˆ s ´ sinh˜
co 253 trieu; em be tam thang co 572 trieu. Bac sı
´ ´ ` ´ ´ `
Huttenlocher
´ ` kham ph a ra la sau tuoi o, a tre cang
ln thı con so giam dan.
˜ ´ ´ ` ´ ´ ´ ´ ˜
Nhng kham pha nay ang chu y khi xem xet nhng
` ´ ´ ˘
g ı Kinh-thˆ anh n oi v e s s ong l ai (Gi ang 5:28,
ˆ ´ ˆ ` ` ´
29). Nguyen
ˆ caˆ bo oc ˆ cua mot ngi ˜trng ` thanh ´ co
khoang mot tri eu tı dien ´ tiep´ hp ngh˘ ıa la soˆ 1 vi ˜ 15
ˆ
so khong. Ð
ˆ ang Tao Hoa co kh a nang khong nhng
´ ` ` ˜ ` ´
em cac lien hp than kinh nay ma cung con tai tao
´ ˜ ˆ
chung na khong?
´
Sach The World Book Encyclopedia cung cap con so
´ ˜ ` ` ´
tinh tu trong vu tru la 200 ty ty hay la so 2 vi 20ˆ so
ˆ ´ ˆ ` ´
khong. Ðang Tao Hoa biet ten cua tng tinh tu (E-sai
´ ` ´ ˘ ´ ` ´
40:26). ˜ Do ˆ o, Ngai co u kh a nang e nh va tai tao
` ´ ´ ` ´
nhng dien tiep hp hp thanh trı nh va cam xuc cua
` ` `
ngi ma Ngai quyet inh cho song lai.
´ ˆ ´ ´
Neu Ðang Tao
˜ ˜ `
Ban hay suy nghı ve ieu nay! Ðang Cai Tr i Toi Cao

˜ ` ` ´
˘ ` ˜ `
cua vu tru san long va co kha nang lam nhng ngi
´ ´
` ˜ ` `
nam trong trı nh cua Ngai song lai. Nhng ngi nay
˜ ˆ ´
` ´ ˆ
se c ban cho c hoi chng to mınh ang nhan c
ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ´ ´
“s song that” (1 Ti-mo-the 6:19; Cong-vu cac S-o
24:15).
`
´ ` `
Trong khi ch i s giai thoat hoan toan khoi s au
´ ´
` ` ˆ ` ˆ `
kho, chung ta co can phai lam gı bay gi khong? Va neu
´ ` ` ´ ` ` ´ `
co, thı ieu nay co the lam cho i song chung ta ngay
´ ˆ ´ ˜ ˆ ´ ˜
nay co them y nghıa hay khong? Chung ta hay xem.
` ˆ
C H N G M I M O T
`
Tao
cho i song ban
´ ´ ˜ ˜ ˜
co y nghıa mai mai
` ` ´ ˜ ´ ´
DU SONG ni nao, chung ta cung nghe thay cac kham
´ ´ ` ˆ
`
pha khoa hoc. Cac nha sinh vat hoc, hai dng hoc va
´ ` ´ ˆ `
cac nha khoa hoc khac tiep tuc gia them vao s hieu

` ´ ` ˆ ´
biet cua con ngi ve trai at va s song tren o. Ve
ˆ ˆ ´ ` ˆ ˘ ` ˆ ´
tren khong, cac nha thien van hoc va vat ly hoc hn
` ` ´ ˆ ´ ˆ
bao gi het ang tım hieu ve thai dng he, cac ngoi
ˆ ´ ´
ˆ ` ´ `
sao, tham chı cac dai thien ha xa tıt. Ðieu nay cho
`
thay gı?
` ˜ ´ ´ ´
Nhieu ngi suy nghı sang suot ong y vi Vua Ða-
´
´ `
vıt thu xa: “Cac tang tri rao-truyen s vinh-hien

´ ´ ` ` ˜
ˆ ˆ `
cua Ðc Chua Tri, bau tri giai-to cong viec tay Ngai
` ˆ ` ˆ ` ´
lam” (Thi-thien 19:1). Ðanh rang mot so ngi co the
ˆ ´ ˘ ´ ˆ ´ ´ ´
khong ong y hoac noi ho khong chac co Ðc Chua
` ´ ´ ` `
Tri. Nhng sau khi xem xet bang chng trınh bay
´ ` ˜ ` ˆ ` ˆ ´
trong sach nay, le nao ban lai khong nhın ra vo so ly
´ ˆ ˜ ´ ` ˜
do e tin rang Ðang Tao Hoa hien hu; chınh Ngai a
ˆ ˜ `
´
dng nen vu tru va s song cua chung ta?
´ ˆ ˆ
˜ `
S o Phao-lo ghi nhan: “Bi nhng s tron lanh cua

` ˆ ´ ` ´ ` `
Ngai mat khong thay c, tc la quyen-phep i i
` ´ ` ` ` ´ ` `
va bon-tanh Ngai, thı t buoi sang-the van s-s nh
` ´ ˆ ˆ
`
mat xem-thay, khi ngi ta xem-xet cong-viec cua Ngai.
ˆ ˆ ˜ ` ˆ
Cho nen ho khong the cha mınh c” (Ro-ma 1:20).
` ˆ ` ´ ` ` ´ ´
Tai lieu ma chung ta trınh bay trong cac chng trc
ˆ ` ´ ´ ´ ´
ve cong trınh sang tao giup chung ta thay de hn Ðc
´ ` ` ˆ ` ` ˆ
Chua Tri la mot Ðang nh the nao, va nhan ra c

` ˆ `
` ` ˆ ˆ
“ban chat tot lanh vo hınh cua Ngai” (NW). Du vay, viec
` ˆ ` ´ ˆ
´
nhın ra cong trınh sang tao vat chat phan anh Ðang
´ ˆ
` ˆ `
Tao Hoa khong phai la muc tieu cuoi cung. Tai sao
ˆ
khong?
` ´ ´ ˜ ˜ ˜
Tao
cho i song ban
ˆ ˆ ´ ˜
Nhieu khoa hoc gia dan than nghien cu ve vu tru,

` ˆ `
nhng van cam thay trong rong va khong tım c
´ ˜ ˆ ` ` ˆ ´
y nghıa lau dai. Chang han, nha vat ly hoc Steven
` ˜ ˆ `
Weinberg viet: “Cang hieu ve vu tru bao nhieu thı
` ` ˜ ˆ ˜
dng nh cang thac mac tai sao vu tru hien hu
ˆ
` ˆ ˘
bay nhieu”. Ve quan iem cua nha thi en van h oc
´ ´ ´ `
Alan Dressler, tap chı Science phat bieu: “Khi cac nha
ˆ ´ ´ ˜ ˆ ´ ˆ `
nghien cu noi khoa vu tru hoc tiet lo ‘trı khon’ hay ‘tai
ˆ
´ ´ ` ´ ´ ´
nghe’ cua Ðc Chua Tri, ho ang gan cho Ðc Chua
` ´ ` ˆ ˜ ` ´ ´ ˜
Tri cai ma ket cuoc se la khıa canh th yeu trong vu
´ ` ´ ˆ
´
tru—t c la kien truc vat chat cua no”. Dressler cho
´ ˜ ˆ ˜
`
thay yˆ nghıa ve s hien hu cua con ngi quan trong
ˆ ` ˜

hn. Ong ghi nhan: “Ngi ta a bo i niem tin hoi
´ ´ ` ˆ
˜
xa, theo o, trai at la trung tam cua vu tru, nhng

´ ` ´ `
phai quay lai niem tin chınh con ngi mi la trung
ˆ
´ ˜
`
tam cua y nghıa cua i song”.
´ ´ ` ˜ `
Ð c Chua Tri theo nghıa nao?
ˆ ` `
Ong Steven Weinberg, ngi oat giai Nobel nh
ˆ ` ˆ ´ ˜ ` ˆ ´
cong trınh nghien cu ve lc c ban,` a b´ ınh ˆ luan: “C` ac
` ˜
nh` a khoa hoc
´ cung ` nh
nhi
´ eu ˆ ng ´ i` khac ´ ` oi khi dung`
t ‘Ðc Chua Tri’ e chı mot ˆ cai g` ı qu´ a tr´ u tˆ ng va
´ ˆ ˆ
xa la en ˆ noi kho phan biet Ngai vi cac luat thien
ˆ ´ ˆ
nhien”. Ong noi them:
´ ˆ ` ` ` ´ ´
“Ðoi vi toi, hınh nh neu dung t vng ˆ “Ðc Chua
` ` ´ ´ ` ´ ´
Tri” thı chı co li ˆ ıch khi t ay´ bieu th i mot Ðc Chua
` ˆ ` ˆ ˆ ´
Tri quan tam, mot ang tao hˆ oa vaˆ mot ˆ ang ` lap ´ phap,
ˆ ˜ ˆ ˆ
ang khong nhng lap ra luat thien nhien va cac luat
` ˜ ` ` ˆ ˜ ˆ
ieu hanh vu tru ma con lap ´ ra nhng tieu chuan ve
ˆ ` ´ ˆ ` ˆ ` ˆ
thien va ac, mot ang nao o quan tam en hanh ong
´ ´ ˆ ` ´ ´
cua chung ta, noi van tat, mot ang nao o thıch hp
´ ˆ ` ˆ ` ´ ´ ` `
e chung ta ton th.... Ðay la Ðc Chua Tri ma trong
` ` ` ˆ ` ` `
suot dong l ich s c nhieu ngi an ong va an ba
coi trong” (Dreams of a Final Theory).
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
186 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
ˆ ˜ ` ` ´ ˆ ˘ ˘ ˆ
Vay ro rang moi ngi chung ta nen at nang viec
´ ˆ ˜ ´ ˜ `
ˆ ˆ
chung ta hien hu co nghıa gı. Chı cong nhan Ðang
´ ˆ ˜ ` ´
Tao Hoa hay Ðang Thiet Ke Loi Lac hien hu va chung
` ˆ ` ` ´ ˆ ´ ˜
ta tuy thuoc vao Ngai co the khong em lai y nghıa cho
` ` ` ˆ `

i song, nhat la vı cuoc i xem ra ngan ngui. Nhieu
`
ˆ
ngi cam thay nh Vua Macbeth trong mot v k ich

cua William Shakespeare:

ˆ ` ` ˆ ´ ´ ´
“Cuoc i ch ˆ ang qua ˜ la mot cai bong thoang qua, giong
nh mot k ich sı` vung ve ´
ˆ ˆ ˆ
Ði khenh khang´ va lo lang luc tren san khau
` ´ ` ˆ ˆ ˆ
Va roi bien hut. Ðo la mot cau chuyen tng tng

ˆ
` ˜ ` ` ˆ ˜
Do mot ke ngu ke, toan nhng bc doc va li vo nghıa,
´ ˜ ` `
Chang co nghıa gı” (Macbeth, Hoi V, Man V).
ˆ ´ ` ´ ´ ´
Khap ni tren the gii, ngi ta co the ong y vi
˜ ` ` ´ ˘

nhng li nay; nhng khi chınh ho gap phai khung

ˆ ` ´ ´ `
hoang tram trong, ho van keu gao xin Ðc Chua Tri
´ ˜ ˆ ˆ ` ˆ ` `
giup . E-li-hu, mot ngi khon ngoan vao thi xa,
´ ` ` ˆ ` ˆ
quan sat: “Tai vı nhieu s ha-hiep, nen ngi ta keu
ˆ
´ ´ ` `
oan... Nhng khong ai hoi rang: Ðc Chua Tri, la
´
ˆ
ˆ ` ´ ˆ
Ðang Tao-h oa cua toi, au?... [Ngai] day-d o chung toi
ˆ ´ ´ ` ´ ˆ ` `
c thong-sang hn cac loai thu tren at, va lam cho

ˆ ˆ ´ ` ´
tr nen khon-ngoan hn cac chim tri” (Giop 35:9-11).
`
ˆ ` ´ ˜ ˆ
Li cua E-li-hu nhan manh la y nghıa that s cua

ˆ ˆ `
cuoc song khong nam ni con ngi nhng ni Ðang
´ ` ´ ´ ˜ ˆ ˆ ˜
Tao Hoa va do o, moi y nghıa that s ve s hien hu

´ ˆ ˆ ˆ ´ ` ` `
cua chung ta hien nhien eu lien he ti Ngai va tuy
ˆ ` ` ` ´ ˜ ´ `
˜
thuoc vao Ngai. Ðe tım c y nghıa o va s thoa man
ˆ ` ´ ´
sau xa ma no mang lai, chung ta can biet Ðang Tao
´ `
` ` ´ ´
Hoa va ieu chınh i song sao cho phu hp vi y muon

`
cua Ngai.
´ ´
Quay ve vi Ðang Tao
Hoa
ˆ ˜ ` ˆ ˆ ˜ ` ˆ
Moi-se a lam nh vay. Ong a thc te nhın nhan:

´
´ ˆ
`
“Tuoi-tac cua chung toi en c bay mi, con neu

` ´ ˆ ˘
manh-kh
oe thı en tam mi; song s kieu-cang cua
` ´ ´ ˜ ˜ ˜
Tao
cho i song ban
´ ´ ` `
no bat qua la lao-kho va buon-tham”.

ˆ ´ ` ˆ `
S nh an th c n ay kh ong l am cho
ˆ
M oi-se u s au hay
´ ´
bi quan; n o gi up
ˆ ˆ ˜ ´
ong nhan biet ro gia

ˆ
tr i cua viec quay ve
´ ´
vi Ðang Tao Hoa.
ˆ ˆ
Moi-se cau nguyen:
´
“C au-xin Ch ua d ay
´ ˆ ´ `
chung toi biet em cac ngay
´ ˆ ´
ch ung t oi, h au cho ch ung
ˆ ` ˆ ˆ ´ ´
` ´
tôi c long khon-ngoan. Moi-se y thc rang du co song
´ ´ ˆ ˆ ` ` ˘ ˜
Oi! xin Chua cho chung toi lau ´ ˆ
chng nao chang na, phai
ˆ ´ ´ `
´
co lien he vi Ðang Tao Hoa thı
buoi sang c thoa da ve s ` ´ ´ ´ ˜ ˆ
ˆ ` ´ ` ` i s ong m i c o y ngh ıa th at
nhan-t Chua, thı tron i
´ ˆ ˜ ´ `
ˆ ´ ` ´
chung toi se hat mng vui-ve. Nguyen n Chua, la Ðc
´ ` ´ ˆ ´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
Chua Tri chung toi, giang tren chung toi” (Thi-thien
90:10, 12, 14, 17).
´ ` ´ ˆ ˜ ´
‘Buoi sang c thoa da’. ‘Tron i chung toi se hat
` ´ ´ ˆ ´ ˆ
mng vui-ve’. ‘ n Chua giang tren chung toi’. Phai

˘ ˜ ` ` ˆ ` ´ ˆ ` ˜ `
chang nhng li nay khong ham y mot ngi a tım
´ ˜
` ´ ˜ ` `
c y nghıa cua i song hay sao?—y nghıa ma ngi
´ ˆ
ta noi chung khong sao nam c.
´ ´ ˆ ˆ ´ ˜
Chung ta co the tien them mot bc quan trong na
ˆ ` ´ ˜
` ´
trong viec tım y nghıa cua i song bang cach xem ia

´ ` ` ´ ´ ˆ
v i cua chung ta la gı oi vi Ðang Tao Hoa. Viec gia
˘ ˜ ´ ´ ´ ´
tang hieu biet ve vu tru co the giup chung ta. Ða-vıt
`
ˆ ` ´ ` ` ` ˆ ˆ
tng hoi: “Khi toi nhın-xem cac tng tri la cong-viec

´ ´ ˘ ˘ ` ´ ˆ ` ´
cua ngon tay Chua, mat trang va cac ngoi sao ma Chua
˜ ˘ ` ` ` ` ` ´ ´ `
a at, loai ngi la gı, ma Chua nh en? Con loai
` ` ` ´ ˘ ´ ˆ
ngi la chi, ma Chua tham-vieng no?” (Thi-thien 8:
3, 4).

ˆ ` ´ ˆ ˆ ˜ ˆ
Chı hieu biet suong la Ðc Gie-ho-va a dng nen
˘ ` ˘ ˘ ´ ˆ ` ˆ ` ˆ
mat tri, mat trang, cac ngoi sao va vo van s song tren
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
188 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
˘ ´ ´ `
´
mat at vi cac ket cau ha tang thı cha u; chung ta
` ˜ ˆ ˆ ˆ
cˆ an lam nhieu hn na (Ne-he-mi 9:6; Thi-thien 24:2;
ˆ ˆ ´ ˜
E-sai 40:26; Gie-re-mi 10:10, 12). Nh chung ta a hoc
´ ˆ ˆ ˆ
´ ˆ ˆ
trc ay, danh oc nhat vo nh i cua Ðc Gie-ho-va cho
` ` ˆ ´ ´ ` ´ ´ ` `
biet Ngai la mot Ðc Chua Tri co y inh va la Ðang
´ ˆ ´
`
duyˆ nhat co the thc hien tron ven y muon cua Ngai.
´ ´ ` ˜ ` ` `
E-sai viet: “Ðc Chua Tri a tao-th anh at va lam
´ ˜ ˆ ´ ˜
ˆ `
ra no, a lap no cho ben-vng, chang phai dng nen la
ˆ ` ˜ ` ˆ ˆ
ˆ ´
trong-khong, ben a lam nen e dan ”. Roi E-sai trıch
`
´ ˆ ˆ ` ´ ˆ ˆ ˆ ´
li cua Ðc Gie-ho-va: ˆ “Ta la Ðc Gie-ho-va, khong co
` ´ ` ˆ ´
Ðang nao khac!” (E-sai 45:18). Sau nay Phao-lo noi ve
´ ´ ` ˆ `
anh em tın o ang Christ: “Chung ta la viec Ngai
` ˜ ˆ ´ ´ ˆ
lam ra, a c dng nen trong Ðc Chua Jesus-Christ
` ˆ ` ˆ `
` `
e lam viec lanh”. “Viec lanh” chu yeu la bay to “s

ˆ ´ `
´ ´ ` ´
khon-sang moi ng ˆ cua Ðc Chua Tri... theo y inh
` `
` ˆ ˆ ˆ ´ `
i i cua Ngai” (E-phe-so 2:10; 3:8-11). Vay hp ly la
´ ´ `
´ ˆ ˆ ´
chung ta co the va phai co mot moi lien lac vi Ðang
´ ` ´
` ` ´ ´ ´
Tao Hoa, tım hieu ve y inh cua Ngai va hp tac vi y
´ ˆ
inh o (Thi-thien 95:3-6).
ˆ ˆ ´ ´ ˆ ` ˆ
Viec nhan biet co Ðang Tao Hoa ay quan tam va yeu
ˆ ´ ´ ` ˆ
thng nen thuc ay chung ta hanh ong. Chang han,
´ ˜ ´ ˆ ˜ ˆ ˆ
chung ta hay e y en moi lien ket gia viec nhan biet
` ´ ´
´ ` ´
`
ay va cach chung ta oi x vi ngi khac. “Ke ha-hiep
` ` ` ´ ` `
ngi ngheo-kho lam nhuc Ðang tao-h oa mınh; con
´ ` ` ˆ `
ai thng-xot ngi ban-cung ton-trong Ngai”. “Chang

´ ˆ ´ ´ ` ˜ ˆ ´
phai chı co mot Ðc Chua Tri a dng nen chung ta
ˆ ˜ ` ´
sao? Vay sao ai nay ai anh em mınh cach gian-doi?”
ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
(Cham-ngon 14:31; Ma-la-chi 2:10). Do o, viec nhan
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ ´
biet co mot Ðang Tao Hoa quan tam nen thuc ay
´
ˆ ˜ `
chung ta to ra quan tam nhieu hn en nhng ngi
´ ˜ ` ˆ
khac cung do Ngai dng nen.
´ ˆ
` ` ˆ `
Chung ta khong phai lam ieu nay mot mınh. Ðang
´ ˜ ´ ´ ˘ ` ` ´ ˆ
Tao Hoa se giup chung ta. Mac du ngay nay Ðc Gie-
ˆ ˆ ` ˆ ˜ ˆ ´ ˆ
ho-va khong con tao them nhng vat mi tren at,
` ´ ´ ˜ ˜ ˜
Tao
cho i song ban
´ ´ ` ´ ´ ´
nhng co the noi Ngai van sang tao theo cach khac.
` ´ ´ ˜ ˆ ´ ˜ ˆ ˜ `
Ngai tıch cc giup mot cach hu hieu nhng ai tım
´
` ˆ
kiem s hng dan cua Ngai. Sau khi pham toi, Ða-
´ ´ ´ ` ˆ ˜ ˆ ˆ
vıt cau xin: “Ðc Chua Tri oi! hay dng nen trong toi
ˆ ` ` ` ´ ˆ ˆ
mot long trong-sach, va lam cho mi lai trong toi mot
ˆ
than-linh ngay-thang” (Thi-thien 51:10; 124:8). Kinh-
´ ˜ ˆ ´ ´ `
thanh cung keu goi tın o ang Christ “thoat lot ngi
˜ ` ` ˘
cu” tng b i the gian chung quanh uon nan va “mac lay
` ´ ´ ` ` ˜ ˆ
ngi mi tc la ng ˆ i a c dng
n en gi ong nh
´ ´ ` ˆ ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
Ðc Chua Tri” (E-phe-so 4:22-24). Vang, Ðc Gie-ho-
´ ˆ ` ˆ ´ ´
va co the dng nen trong ngi ta mot trai tim mi
˜ ´ ´ ´ ˆ ˆ ´
theo nghıa bong, giup ho phat trien mot nhan cach

´ ´ ´ ´
`
phan anh cac c tınh cua Ngai.
ˆ ´
` ˜ ´ ´
Dau sao ay mi chı la nhng bc au. Chung ta
ˆ ˆ ´ ´ ` ` ˆ ´
can tien sau hn. Phao-lo noi vi vai ngi A-then co
´ ´ ` ˜ ˆ ´ ` ˆ
hoc: ‘Ðc Chua Tri a dng nen the-gii va moi vat
´ ˜ ` ` ` ´
trong o, inh nhng ky han, e ngi ta tım-kiem Ðc
´ ` ` ´ ` ` `
Chua Tri, va het sc r tım cho c, dau Ngai chang

ˆ ` ´ ˆ ´ ´
xa moi mot ngi trong chung ta’ (Cong-vu cac S-

o 17:24-27).
´ ˜ ` ´ ` ´
Y nghıa cua i song phat sinh t tri th c
` ˜ ` ` ˆ ´ ˜ `
T nhng ieu trınh bay tren, chung ta thay ro la
´ ˜ ´
´ ˆ
Ðang Tao Hoa a cung cap qua ay u tin tc qua cong
` ´ ˆ ` `
trınh sang tao vat chat va qua Li c soi dan cua
` ` ´ ` ´ ´
Ngai la Kinh-thanh. Ngai khuyen khıch chung ta gia
˘ ` ˆ ´ ` ` ˆ `
tang s hieu biet va thong sang. Ngai con tien tri thi
` ` ˜ ´ ˆ ˆ
ky ma “the gian se ay-day s hieu-bi ˆ et Ðc Gie-ho-va,
´ ` ´
nh cac dong nc che-lap bien” (E-sai 11:9; 40:13, 14).
´ ˆ ´ ´ ´
˘
Ðang Tao Hoa khong he co y gii han kha nang hoc

`

´ ˆ ` `
hoi va cai tien cua chung ta trong mot i ngi 70
˘ ˘ ´ ` ˆ `
hoac 80 nam. Ban co the thay ieu nay ni mot li
ˆ
´ ˆ ` ´ ´ `
tuyen bo noi tieng cua Chua Gie-su: “Vı Ðc Chua Tri
ˆ ˜ ˆ
`
yeu-thng the-gian, en noi a ban Con mot cua Ngai,
´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
190 Co mot
Ðang Tao
Hoa quan tam en ban
khong?
` ´ ˜ ˆ ` ` ˆ ` ˆ
Tım c
y nghıa lau dai cho i song m ra vo van c hoi

ˆ `
hau cho he ai tin Con ay khong b i h-mat ma c s
` ` ˘
song i i” (Giang 3:16).
` ` ´ ˆ
`

´
“Song i i”. Ðo khong phai la ao tng. Ðung ra,
´ ˆ ` ` ` ´ ˜ `
y niem song i i hoa hp vi nhng gı Ðang Tao
´ ˜ ˆ
´ `
Hoa a cung ˆ c ap cho
´ cha m e au tien cua chung ta la
` ˆ ` ´ ´ ˜ ˆ
A-am va E-va. Y niem ay phu hp vi cac d kien
´ `
˘
ˆ ´
khoa hoc ve cach cau tao va kha nang cua bo oc cua
´ ` ˜ ` ´ ˜ ` ´ ˆ
chung ta, va cung phu hp vi nhng gı Chua Gie-
` `
` `
su Christ day. S song i i cua con ngi la iem
ˆ ˆ
´ ˆ `
then chot trong thong iep cua Chua Gie-su. Vao buoi
` ´ ´ ´ ` ´

chieu cuoi cung vi cac s o, ngai noi: “Va, s song
` ` ` ` ´ ` ´ ´ ` ´ ˆ
i i la nhın biet Cha, tc la Ðc Chua Tri co mot
` ˆ ` ˆ ` ˜
va that, cung Jesus-Christ, la Ðang Cha a sai en”
˘
(Giang 17:3).
˜
ˆ ´ ` ´
Nh a thao luan trong chng trc, li ha cua

´ ˆ ` ` ˜
` ˆ
Chua Gie-su ve s song i i se tr thanh mot thc
´ ` ˆ ` ˆ ´ ` ˜
tai oi vi hang trieu ngi ngay tren trai at nay. Ro
` ´ ˆ ˜ ` ˆ
rang, co c mot trien vong nh the se lam cho cuoc
` ´ ´ ˜ ˜ ˜
Tao
cho i song ban
´ ˆ ´ ˜ ˆ ´ ´ ´ ˆ
song co them y nghıa boi phan. No giup phat trien mot
ˆ ´ ´ ˆ ˘
moi lien lac vi Ðang Tao Hoa. Moi lien lac ay at c

` ˆ ` ` ` ˜
s ngay t bay gi e c s song i i. Ban hay

` ` ´

tng tng en thi ky chınh ban c hng s song
˜
´ ´ `
ˆ
ay: ban se tha ho hoc hoi, kham pha va th nghiem
ˆ ˆ ` ´ ˆ
—khong b î benh hoan va s chet gii han nh hien nay.
´ ´ ` ˜ ` ` ´ `
(So sanh E-sai 40:28). Ban co the va se lam gı vi i
´ ´ ˜ ˜ ` ´
song o? Chınh ban biet ro nhat nhng gı ban thıch,
` ˘ ` ´ ´ ` ˜
tai nang nao ban khao khat phat trien, va nhng giai

´ ` ` ˜ ´ ˆ
ap nao ban muon tım ra. Ban se co ieu kien e theo
˜ ˆ ` ` ˆ ` ˜ ´
uoi nhng muc tieu nay va do vay i song ban se co
´ ˜ ˆ
y nghıa them nhieu!
ˆ ´ ´ ˜ ˜ ˆ ` `
Phao-lo co ly do vng chai e trong mong thi ky
ˆ ˆ ˜
´
` ˆ ´
“muon vat... se c giai-cu khoi lam toi s h-nat
˘
´ ´
ang d phan trong s t-do vinh hien cua con-cai Ðc
´ ` ˆ ˜
Chua Tri” (Ro-ma 8:21). Nhng ai at c s t do
´ ˜
` ´ ´ ˜ ˆ `
o se vui hng i song co y nghıa that s ngay t
ˆ ` ` ` ` `
´ ´ `
bay gi va i i vı s vinh hien cua Ðc Chua Tri

(Khai-huyen 4:11).
ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ ˆ ´ ˜
Nhan-chng Gie-ho-va khap ni tren the gii a hoc
` ` ´ ˆ ´ ` `
ve e tai nay. Ho tin chac co mot Ðang Tao Hoa va Ngai
ˆ ` ˜ ´ ´
quan tam en ho va en ban na. Ho sung sng giup
` ´ ` ´ ˜
ˆ ˆ
ngi khac tım y nghıa cua cuoc song da tren c s

´ ´ ` ´ ˆ ` ´ `
co gia tr i nay. Chung toi mi ban xem xet van e nay
´ ` ˆ ˜ ` ´
vi ho. Lam nh vay ban se tao cho i song ban co
ˆ ´ ˜ ˜ ˜
them y nghıa mai mai!
´ ˆ ` ˆ ˆ
Ban
muon co them tai lieu
khong?
ˆ ˆ ´ ˆ ´ ˆ ˆ
Xin lien he vi Nhan Chng Gie-ho-va tai
www.jw.org/vi.

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ˆ ˜ ˆ ´

Tinh Van Eagle (M16) “Nh ng c ot

IS THERE A CREATOR WHO CARES ABOUT YOU ? VIETNAMESE (ct-VT)

va au kho cho chınh ong va nh ng ng i khac. Khi cam

y nghıa”. Ong cho rang ngay ca s c khoe tinh than cua

Trai qua nhieu the ky, nhieu ng i a i tım cau giai

chap nhan co mot Ðang Tao Hoa—a khong the giai

Vı vay, nhieu nha khoa hoc cung nh th ng dan cam

cong ` bi eu di en ` anh s ang... k eo d ai theo

1 Thuyet banh tr ng suy oan ve ieu a xay ra trong khoanh

nao no bat au va  au—van con la van e nan giai

bang ch ng nhieu ng i a bo qua, nh ng lai cho ban

con so nay co the la mot thay oi d ng nh nho (1041).

hn, thı nh ng vı sao se nho hn, va ap suat cua trong

thı sao? Nh ng l c chu chot lien he  c ieu h ng

yeu cua ca hai.

cac nguyen to. Nha vat ly hoc John Polkinghorne giai

hoi khien ng i oc phai ha

Trai Ðat cung cach Mat Tri mot khoang ly t ng,

hai cua nhiet ong hoc”.

` t v a s hoa hp

87 88 104 105 106 107 108 109

cac axit nucleic (DNA va RNA) va cac phan t protein.

the a xay ra cach nao? That vay, au la nguon cua s

cau hoi quan trong hn, ay la chınh nguon goc cua s

can ai giup  va ieu khien. That la mot b c nhay vot

Nhieu ng i nh lai rang cong trınh nghien c u cua

bien oi thanh t ng nhom phan t . Ke en la b c nhay

vot sang nh ng phan t ln. Va hoi cuoi cua v k ich

ra nhau va om ghı lay nhau. Roi ngay tr c khi v k ich

kien a  c ch ng minh la s song chı sinh ra bi s

song ma thoi. Tuy nhien, cac khoa hoc gia  a ra gia

hon hp cac khı hyro, amoniac, metan, hi n c (gia

chat nay, Miller thay co nhieu axit amin—tinh chat cua

trong tr ng hoc n c thı nghiem nay nh the no giai

tien sı Frankenstein trong tieu thuyet cua Mary Shelley,

t phat cua s song a  c giai quyet. (Xem “Tay phai,

tan bien. Nhieu thap ky a troi qua, va cac bı an cua s

e a xay ra trong khoi nc sup tien

khi Miller va nhng ngi khac tong hp c axit

ch a giai quyet  c ve nguon goc cua s song”. Qua

ta tr lai cau hoi: Tat ca nh ng ieu nay a xay ra nh

kha nang t sinh san”.

la s song qua ph c tap, khong the nay sinh ra ngay ca

thien hınh van trang va hoat ong, va ng i ta phai

Vı vay ma can phai bop meo ly le e bien ho cho gia

thuyet la s song a phat sinh t nhien’. Ban co thoa

protein, DNA, RNA rat ph c tap trong te bao at phai

Cang hoc  c nhieu ve nh ng ieu ky dieu cua s

thanh noi; vı the ma ban co the  inh  c v i trı cua

thınh hn; nh ng s hai hoa gi a cac giac quan nay cua

hieu  c tam hoat ong cua mot c quan co phong

Nh ng phat minh h u ıch nh xe hi va may bay phan

trı nang, nh ng cong cuoc nghien c u hien ai ch ng to

thu thai. Tac gia Ronald Kotulak, mot ng i thang giai

ay s khon ngoan ay giuc ng i oc ‘hay bien-hoa bi

nay xay ra khi ng i ta hoc va ap dung li khuyen cua

“Vo nao tr c tran... co quan he nhieu nhat en kha

quan tam en ng i khac va l ng tam.... Chınh kha

ch ng ve s khac biet nay qua cac thanh qua cua con

e noi” (Textbook of Medical Physiology cua Guyton).

Hay xem xet s l c cach vo van ong chi phoi kha

va au kho cho chınh ong va nhng ngi khac. Khi cam

y nghıa”. Ong cho rang ngay ca sc khoe tinh than cua

Trai qua nhieu the ky, nhieu ngi a i tım cau giai

chap nhan co mot Ðang Tao Hoa—a khong the giai

Vı vay, nhieu nha khoa hoc cung nh thng dan cam

1 Thuyet banh trng suy oan ve ieu a xay ra trong khoanh

nao no bat au va au—van con la van e nan giai

bang chng nhieu ngi a bo qua, nhng lai cho ban

con so nay co the la mot thay oi dng nh nho (1041).

hn, thı nhng vı sao se nho hn, va ap suat cua trong

thı sao? Nhng lc chu chot lien he c ieu hng

hoi khien ngi oc phai ha

Trai Ðat cung cach Mat Tri mot khoang ly tng,

hai cua nhiet ong hoc”.

` t v a s hoa hp

the a xay ra cach nao? That vay, au la nguon cua s

cau hoi quan trong hn, ay la chınh nguon goc cua s

can ai giup va ieu khien. That la mot bc nhay vot

Nhieu ngi nh lai rang cong trınh nghien cu cua

bien oi thanh tng nhom phan t. Ke en la bc nhay

vot sang nhng phan t ln. Va hoi cuoi cua v k ich

ra nhau va om ghı lay nhau. Roi ngay trc khi v k ich

kien a c chng minh la s song chı sinh ra bi s

song ma thoi. Tuy nhien, cac khoa hoc gia a ra gia

hon hp cac khı hyro, amoniac, metan, hi nc (gia

trong trng hoc n c thı nghiem nay nh the no giai

t phat cua s song a c giai quyet. (Xem “Tay phai,

tan bien. Nhieu thap ky a troi qua, va cac bı an cua s

e a xay ra trong khoi nc sup tien

khi Miller va nhng ngi khac tong hp c axit

cha giai quyet c ve nguon goc cua s song”. Qua

ta tr lai cau hoi: Tat ca nhng ieu nay a xay ra nh

la s song qua phc tap, khong the nay sinh ra ngay ca

thien hınh van trang va hoat ong, va ngi ta phai

Vı vay ma can phai bop meo ly le e bien ho cho gia

thuyet la s song a phat sinh t nhien’. Ban co thoa

protein, DNA, RNA rat phc tap trong te bao at phai

Cang hoc c nhieu ve nhng ieu ky dieu cua s

thanh noi; vı the ma ban co the inh c v i trı cua

thınh hn; nhng s hai hoa gia cac giac quan nay cua

hieu c tam hoat ong cua mot c quan co phong

Nhng phat minh hu ıch nh xe hi va may bay phan

trı nang, nhng cong cuoc nghien cu hien ai chng to

thu thai. Tac gia Ronald Kotulak, mot ngi thang giai

ay s khon ngoan ay giuc ngi oc ‘hay bien-hoa bi

nay xay ra khi ngi ta hoc va ap dung li khuyen cua

“Vo nao trc tran... co quan he nhieu nhat en kha

quan tam en ngi khac va lng tam.... Chınh kha

chng ve s khac biet nay qua cac thanh qua cua con

e noi” (Textbook of Medical Physiology cua Guyton).

Hay xem xet s lc cach vo van ong chi phoi kha

dau), nhng mieng thng ong vai chınh. Tieng noi cua

D kien can thiet e hoi mot cau n gian nh: “Ban

manh khoe khong?” c tang tr trong mot phan cua

khı, tng ng vi trung khu ngon ng Broca”. Ngay ca

ay, hang ty te bao than kinh nhan biet nghıa cua

khong ai co the giai thıch c het kha nang bao la cua

Chung ta co the suy ngam: ‘Tai sao con ngi ta co kha

nang s dung ngon ng phc tap cua tre em! Sir John

song o ra bien, thı nhng ky niem, t tng, hınh anh,

Thanh that ma noi, tai sao va nh the nao y thc nay

y thc la “mot trong nhng ieu bı an sau xa nhat cua s

thc. Thı du, cac ky niem song ong ve nhng ieu xay

Chung ta co the suy ngam ve nhng kinh nghiem cua

ong va t cai hoa la ieu phan biet chung ta vi tat ca

nh mot tro c bac, co nhng hınh phat ang s cho ke

thua, lai co the sinh ra cac c tınh nh kha nang cam

cang suy ngam ve kha nang hng ve thieng lieng cua

ao cua con ngi, hay xem vai bang chng ve y thc cua

nhng bc tranh hay bc hoa ep tren tng trong

ong y thc ao c cua nhng ngi biet suy nghı

khap ni. Cai ep thuoc loai nay c Kinh-thanh mo ta

Chung ta ai nay eu biet la mot so ngi, tham chı ca

tin rang giet ngi la sai. Nhng ta co the hoi: ‘Sai theo

Mot khıa canh khac cua y thc cua con ngi la kha

so khoa hoc gia suy tng ve nhng ieu co the xay ra

oc loai ngi” (Truyen-ao 3:11). Chung ta dung kha

co tın ngng, va t tng ve y niem vınh cu?

trieu ngi ket luan rang s hien hu co y thc cua

Chang han, Albert Einstein tin tng vu tru co khi