Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Biometrics Sreevidhya@Students
Biometrics Sreevidhya@Students
Presented by
Ratna Sudha.R
CONTENTS
1.Introduction
2.Security and authentication
3.Methods of verification
a.Psychological verification
i. Finger Print.
ii. Hand Print.
iii. Face Measurement.
iv. Retinal Scanning.
v. DNA Analysis.
b.Behavioral verification
i. Typing.
ii. Signature.
iii. Voice.
4.Identification.
5.Verification.
6.Advantages
7.Limitations
8.Conclusion.
9.References
Introduction
Biometrics is an advanced technology for superb security and
authentication .The very term "biometric” it represent that "bio" means
related to the biological study and "metric " means something, which is
related to measurement. In network environment security is a crucial factor.
Provide security to pages in the network is to difficulty. Password is not a
good measurement for security. Good security mechanism is necessary on
the Internet. Security in different levels applies to various documents.
Security is depends how security assign to documents. Security depends on
following categories.
1. Confidential
2. Secret
3. Non-secret
4. Public
1.Token-based security:
It relies on the users special item -token like card-id.
Neither of the two can accurately determine whether the password that
posses a token nor knows some secret information of the individual it
represents. Tokens can be stolen and information can be guessed or
fraudulently obtained.
Biometric is a technology where the password for entry is you, which
identifies your psychological and behavioral characteristics.
Permissions:
Microsoft SQL Server uses permissions to enforce database security.
The SQL Server permissions system specifies which users are authorized to
use which Transact-SQL statements, views, and stored procedures. The
ability to assign permissions is determined by each user's status (as SA,
database owner, or database object owner). Permissions are set on database
users or groups, not on login IDs.
Permission Hierarchy:
SQL Server's permissions system recognizes four types of users: the
SA, database owners, database object owners, and other users of the
database.
The different types of users exist in a hierarchy (explained in the
following sections and illustrated below).
System Administrator
Database owners
Database object owners
Database users
database owner
The database owner (DBO) is the creator of a database. There is only
one DBO. The DBO has full privileges inside the database that he or she
owns, and determines the access and capabilities provided to other users.
In his or her own database, the user is recognized as DBO; in other
databases, the database owner is known by his or her database username.
DBO status can be reassigned to a different user. Only one login ID
can be DBO, although other login IDs can be aliased to DBO.
domain
In Windows NT security, a domain is a collection of computers that
are grouped for viewing and administrative purposes, and that share a
common security database.
group
In SQL Server, a database group is a collection of database users. The
users receive the database permissions granted to the group. Using groups
simplifies management of a large number of database users, because groups
provide a convenient way to grant and revoke permissions to more than one
user at the same time.
In Windows NT, a group is a collection of Windows NT users. The
users received the Windows NT rights and permissions granted to the group.
Groups provide a convenient way to manage the capabilities of a large
number of users with similar needs, within the security scope of a domain or
a computer.
integrated security
Integrated security allows a SQL Server to use Windows NT
authentication mechanisms to validate logins for all connections. Only
trusted (multi-protocol or named pipes) connections are allowed.
login ID
A login ID is a name by which a user is known to SQL Server. Login
IDs are also referred to as logins.
To log in to a SQL Server that is running standard security, a user
must provide a valid login ID and password.
mixed security
Mixed security allows login requests to be validated using either
integrated or standard security. Trusted connections (as used by integrated
security) and nontrusted connections (as used by standard security) can be
established.
object permissions
Object permissions regulate the use of certain statements on certain
database objects. They are granted and revoked by the owner of the object.
permissions
Microsoft SQL Server uses permissions to enforce database security.
The SQL Server permissions system specifies which users are authorized to
use which Transact-SQL statements, views, and stored procedures. The
ability to assign permissions is determined by each user's status (as SA,
database owner, or database object owner).
There are two types: object permissions and statement permissions.
standard security
Standard security uses SQL Server's own login validation process for
all connections. To log in to a SQL Server, each user must provide a valid
login ID and password.
statement permissions
Statement permissions provide the privilege to issue certain Transact-
SQL statements. Statement permissions are not object-specific. They can be
granted only by the SA or the database owner.
Statement permissions apply to these statements: CREATE
DATABASE, CREATE DEFAULT, CREATE PROCEDURE, CREATE
RULE, CREATE TABLE, CREATE VIEW, DUMP DATABASE, and
DUMP TRANSACTION.
Statement permissions are also called command permissions.
system administrator
The system administrator (SA) is the person responsible for the
administrative and operational functions that are independent of any
particular application, and is likely to be a person with a comprehensive
overview of SQL Server and all its applications.
Administering SQL Server typically includes such tasks as installing
SQL Server; configuring servers and clients; managing and monitoring the
use of disk space, memory, and connections; creating devices and databases;
authorizing SQL Server users and granting them permissions; transferring
data in and out of SQL Server databases; backing up and restoring databases;
implementing and maintaining replication; scheduling unattended
operations; monitoring and tuning SQL Server performance; and diagnosing
system problems. The system administrator may also advise application
designers about the data that already exists on SQL Server, make
recommendations about standardizing data definitions across applications,
and so on.
The system administrator operates outside the protection system,
which means that SQL Server does no permission checking for the system
administrator. The system administrator is also treated as the owner of
whatever database he or she is using. Anyone who knows the SA password
can log in and act as system administrator (unless the server is running in
Integrated login security mode).
trusted connections
Integrated security requires network protocols that support
authenticated connections between clients and servers. These are referred to
as trusted connections. The multi-protocol and named pipe protocols provide
trusted connections.
username
In SQL Server, a database username is a name assigned to a login ID
for the purpose of allowing a user to have access to a database. The abilities
a user has within a database depend on the permissions granted to the
username (and to any groups the username is a member of).
I. Fingerprint.
II. Handprint.
III. Face measurement.
IV. Retinal scans.
V. DNA analysis.
I. Finger print: It involves the user placing his finger over a glass-plate,
which resides over a high-resolution camera, which uses optical or
electromagnetic means to take its snapshot. The software analysis your
finger for pattern such as loops, worls and arches.
Advantages:
Advantage:
a. Accuracy is better than fingerprint.
b. Cheap and easy to deploy.
Disadvantage:
a. Complex in usage.
b. Implementation is expensive.
c. Any damages to hand effect more.
III. Face measurement:
Measuring this is as simple as taking a picture and analyzing the
image from a security video capture. This technique enables the computer to
use your face as your password and matching these to an existing database.
Advantage:
a. Most continents at public places.
b. Less expensive.
Disadvantage:
a. Inaccurate is affected by changes in lighting, age, and
movement, glass.
b. Face creams also effect the measurements.
IV. Retinal scans:
It involves imaging of the blood vessels in the retina of the eye when
infrared light of a certain frequency and wavelength is incident upon it.this
energy is absorbed by the blood vessels is different in different individuals.
The retinal iris patterns are unique to individuals than any biometric
yet devised.
The retina is an internal part of the eye located at the back of the eye
and is get of thin nerve which sense the light coming through a camera,
pupil, eye lenses.
The pattern of blood vessels which makeup retina are unique to each
individual i.e., <1.2 inch.
Advantage:
a. Accurate with no false match in 2 million people.
b. It s sophisticated process.
Disadvantages:
c. Expensive, difficult to deploy and use.
d. Focus of light effect measurements.
V. DNA Analysis:
It involves in checking the DNA pattern of a human used when
physical characteristics are unrecognizable. It is used to identify people, who
are died, to find out the relationship like identifying Childs natural parents.
Advantages:
a. DNA samples can be collected from toothbrush, clothes.
Disadvantages:
e. DNA testing takes longer time than other methods.
f. Twins have same DNA.
g. Researchers produce same DNA.
2.BEHAVOURAL VERIFICATION
This involves in oral thing done by the individual. There are 3 types of
behavioral verifications,
1. Typing
2. Signature
3. Voice
1. Typing:
Some systems measure things you do in addition to the things you are,
you will notice that your typing has a certain pattern. Some letters follow
others in quick succession, while others take longer.
2. Signature:
Some qualities looked into include acceleration rates, direction, and
pressure and stroke length. Here mainly concentrate on pressures. This
pressures stored in back end for future significations.
Disadvantages:
a. The disadvantage with the technology lies in the randomness or the
consistency with which a user makes his signature. If pressures are not tally
with stored pressure in the database.
3. Voice:
It involves in the recognition of the voice of the individual.
Advantages:
1) It is inexpensive.
2) It also works through telephone.
3) Some person mimicry with other person voices.
Disadvantages:
a. One can mimic the voice of the individual.
Biometric does not guarantee security. It simply offers ore convenient
and reliable means of identification and authentication.
Identification
It is a process of recognition and involves taking the biometric data and
searching for the match in the database asking it a slow process that it is
more prone to errors.
Authentication:
Advantages
It provide good security mechanism than all other security methods
It never fails in security constraints.
In public locations such as banks and airports a large number of
people transit every day including known criminals. Face recognition
systems attached to video surveillance systems are supposed to help
catch them.
A professor recently published his techniques for fooling finger print
scanners. He found that Optical finger print scanners can be fooled by
silicon rubber. However electro magnetic scanners would reject those,
because electrical characteristics are different from that of a live
finger.
Limitations
It needs high memory space in the back end.
Collect data for security is difficult
Some times fails the security with right users
Any time data loose in database high effect for security mechanism.
So many equipments are needed for provide this technology.
It highly expensive
Conclusion
Security is not just about putting big locks on the front door; it
also involves making sure all the windows are shut. Each one can be
individually fooled, but the comparison makes the system more secure as a
whole. Biometrics are have its own advantages and disadvantages. It high
expensive but it provide good security. Money is not important than security.
It is more useful for confidential maters.
References
http://Biometrics.com
http://whitepapers.com
http://www.milesresearch.com
http://microsoft/biometrics.com
IT Magazines