Republic of the Philippines

CEBU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

TUBURAN CAMPUS
Brgy 8, Poblacion Tuburan, Cebu, Philippines
Website: http://www.ctu.edu.ph E-mail:info-tuburan@ctu.edu.ph
Tel. No .: +6332 463 9313 loc. 102

GRADUATE SCHOOL

PARAMETRIC TESTS

1) The t-TEST for TWO INDEPENDENT SAMPLES/GROUPS

The following are the scores of 14 male and 14 female Grade 8 students in identification and
enumeration. Test the null hypothesis that there is no significant difference between the performance of
male and female Grade 7 students in the said tests. Use the t-test at .05 level of significance.
I. Problem : Is there a significant difference between the performance of male and female Grade 8
students in identification and enumeration?
II. Hypothesis :
Ho : There is no significant difference between the performance of male and female Grade 8
students in identification and enumeration.

Ho : X1 = X2
H1 : There is a significant difference between the performance of male and female Grade 8
students in identification and enumeration.

Ho : X1 = X2

III. Level of Significance :

α = .05
df = n1 + n2 - 2
= 14 + 14 - 2
= 26
t .05 = - 2.056 t-tabular value at .05
IV. Statistics : t-test for two independent samples/groups
Solution:
Male Female
2
X1 X 1 X2 X22
11 121 21 441
13 169 20 400
12 144 26 676
6 36 18 324
2 4 19 361
16 256 21 441
9 81 15 225
25 625 10 100
3 9 17 289
27 729 20 400
9 81 8 64
25 625 21 441
26 676 21 441
22 484 15 225
∑X1 = 206 ∑X12 = 4,040 ∑X2 = 252 ∑X22 = 4,828
n1 = 14 n2 = 14
x1 = 14.71 x2 = 18
 ( ∑X1 )2 ( ∑X2 )2
2
SS1 = ∑X1 - n1 SS2 = ∑X22 - n1

( 206 )2 ( 252 )2
= 4,040 - 14 = 4,828 - 14

42,436 63,504
= 4,040 - 14 = 4,828 - 14

= 4,040 - 3,031.14 = 4,828 - 4,536

SS1 = 1,008.86 SS2 = 292

X1 - X2
t = SS1 + SS2 1 + 1
n1 + n 2 - 2 n1 n2

14.71 - 18
= 1,008.86 + 292 1 + 1
14 + 14 - 2 14 14

- 3.29
= 1,300.86
26 .07 + .07

- 3.29
=
50.03 .0.14

- 3.29
=
7.004

- 3.29
= 2.65

t = - 1.24

V. Decision Rule : If the t-computed value is greater than or beyond the t-tabular / critical value, reject H0.

VI. Conclusion : Since the t-computed value of - 1.24 is within the critical value of - 2.056 at .05 level of
significance with 26 degrees of freedom, the null hypothesis is accepted. This means
that no significant difference between the performance of male and female Grade 8
students in identification and enumeration.

Prepared by:

RONA GELLICA P. SERENIO

Teacher 1
 Republic of the Philippines
CEBU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
TUBURAN CAMPUS
Brgy 8, Poblacion Tuburan, Cebu, Philippines
Website: http://www.ctu.edu.ph E-mail:info-tuburan@ctu.edu.ph
Tel. No .: +6332 463 9313 loc. 102

GRADUATE SCHOOL

PARAMETRIC TESTS

2) The t-TEST for CORRELATED SAMPLES

An experiment study was conducted on the effect of ICT integration in Araling Panlipunan on the
performance of 17 high school students (fifty percent of the number of students in one section). Before the
integration was implemented the pretest was administered and after 4 months, the same instrument was
used to get the post test result. Use the t-test for correlated samples at .05 level of significance.
I. Problem : Is there a significant difference between the pretest and the post test on the integration of
ICT in Araling Panlipunan?
II. Hypothesis :
Ho : There is no significant difference between the pretest and post test or the integration of ICT
did not affect the students’ performance in Araling Panlipunan.
H1 : The post test result is higher than the pretest result.

III. Level of Significance :

α = .05
df = n - 1
= 17 – 1
= 16
t .05 = - 2.120 t-tabular value at .05
IV. Statistics : t-test for correlated samples
Solution:
Pretest Post test
X1 X2 D D2
11 25 -14 196
11 25 -14 196
8 28 -20 400
15 11 4 16
19 17 2 4
19 17 2 4
17 19 -2 4
12 24 -12 -106 144
17 19 -2 24 4
15 21 -6 36
11 25 -14 196
13 23 -10 100
16 20 -4 16
23 13 10 100
21 15 6 36
16 20 -4 16
16 20 -4 16
∑D = - 82 ∑D2 = 1,484
D = - 82/17
= - 4.82
 D
t = ( ∑D )2
2
∑D - n
n(n-1)

-4.82
= ( -82 )2
1,484 - 17
17 ( 17 - 1 )

-4.82
= 6,724
1,484 - 17
17 ( 16 )

-4.82

= 1,484 - 395.53
272

- 4.82
= 1,088.47
272

- 4.82
=
4.0017

- 4.82
= 2.0004

t = - 2.41

V. Decision Rule : If the t-computed value is greater than or beyond the t-tabular / critical value, reject H0.

VI. Conclusion : The t-computed value of - 2.41 is beyond the t-tabular value of -2.120 at .05 level of
significance with 16 degrees of freedom, the null hypothesis is rejected. This means
that there is a significant difference between the pretest and post test result. It implies
that the integration of ICT in Araling Panlipunan is effective.

Prepared by:

RONA GELLICA P. SERENIO

Teacher 1
 Republic of the Philippines
CEBU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
TUBURAN CAMPUS
Brgy 8, Poblacion Tuburan, Cebu, Philippines
Website: http://www.ctu.edu.ph E-mail:info-tuburan@ctu.edu.ph
Tel. No .: +6332 463 9313 loc. 102

GRADUATE SCHOOL

PARAMETRIC TESTS

3) The F-test (One-Way ANOVA)

A sari-sari store is selling the 3 networks of cellphone loads. The owner is interested if there is a
significant difference in the average sales for one week.

Perform the analysis of variance and test the hypothesis at .05 level of significance that the average sales
of the three cellphone load networks are equal.

I. Problem : Is there a significant difference in the average sales of the three cellphone load networks?
II. Hypothesis :
Ho : There is no significant difference in the average sales of the three cellphone load networks.
H1 : There is a significant difference in the average sales of the three cellphone load networks.
.

III. Level of Significance :

α = .05
df = 2 and 18
IV. Statistics
F-test one way analysis of variance computation:
Cellphone Load Networks
SUN (x1) X12 Smart/TNT (x2) X22 Globe/TM (x3) X32
13 169 36 1,296 46 2,116
53 2,809 120 14,400 23 529
105 11,025 76 5,776 53 2,809
13 169 89 7,921 95 9,025
13 169 59 3,481 120 14,400
13 169 59 3,481 129 16,641
53 2,809 59 3,481 53 2,809
∑X1 = 263 ∑X12 = 17,319 ∑X2 = 498 ∑X22= 39,836 ∑X3 = 519 ∑X32= 48,329
n1 = 7 n2 = 7 n3 = 7
x1 = 37.57 x2= 71.14 X3 = 74.14

2
CF = (∑X1 + ∑X2 + ∑X3) = (263 + 498 + 519) 2 = (1,280) 2 = 1,638,400
n1 + n2 + n3 7+7+7 21 21
CF = 78,019.05

TSS = ∑X12 + ∑X22 + ∑X32 - CF

= 17,319 + 39,836 + 48,329 – 78,019.05
= 105,484 – 78,019.05
TSS = 27,464.95

BSS = (∑X1) 2 + (∑X2) 2 + (∑X3) 2 - CF

n1 n2 n3
= (263) + (498) + (519) 2 - 78,019.05
2 2

7 7 7
= 9,881.29 + 35,429.14 + 38,480.14 - 78,019.05
= 83,790.57 - 78,019.05
BSS = 5,771.52

WSS = TSS- BSS

= 27,464.95 – 5,771.52
WSS = 21,693.43

Analysis of Variance Table

Sources of Degrees of Sum of Mean F- Value
Variation Freedom Squares Squares Computed Tabular
Between
Groups K-1
2 5,771.52 2,885.76 2.39 3.55
Within Group
(N-1) – (K-1)
18 21,693.43 1,205.19
Total N-1 20 27,464.95

V. Decision Rule : If the F computed value is greater than or beyond the F tabular, reject H0.

VI. Conclusion : Since the F computed value of 2.39 is less than the F tabular value of 3.55 at .05 level
of significance with 2 and 18 degrees of freedom, the null hypothesis is accepted. This
means that there is no significant difference in the average sales of the three cellphone
load networks.

SUN vs. Smart/TNT

F’ = (37.57 – 71.14)2
1,205.19(7+7)
7(7)
= 1,126.94
16,872.66
49
= 1,126.94
344.34
F’ = 3.27

SUN vs. Globe/TM

F’ = (37.57 – 74.14)2
1,205.19(7+7)
7(7)
= 1,337.36
16,872.66
49
= 1,337.36
344.34
F’ = 3.88

Smart/TNT vs. Globe/TM

F’ = (71.14 – 74.14)2
1,205.19(7+7)
7(7)
= 9___
16,872.66
49
= 9___
344.34
F’ = 0.03
The table
Comparison of the Average Sales of the Three Cellphone Load Networks shows that
Between Brand F’ (F .05) Interpretation there is no
(K-1) significant
(3.55) (2) difference in
SUN vs. Smart/TNT 3.27 7.1 Not significant the average
sales of the
SUN vs. Globe/TM 3.88 7.1 Not significant three cellphone
load networks.
Smart/TNT vs. Globe/TM 0.03 7.1 Not significant
Prepared by:

RONA GELLICA P. SERENIO

 Teacher 1

Republic of the Philippines

CEBU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
TUBURAN CAMPUS
Brgy 8, Poblacion Tuburan, Cebu, Philippines
Website: http://www.ctu.edu.ph E-mail:info-tuburan@ctu.edu.ph
Tel. No .: +6332 463 9313 loc. 102

GRADUATE SCHOOL

PARAMETRIC TESTS

4) Pearson Product Moment Coefficient of Correlation

Below are the midterm (x) and final (y) grades of the Grade 8 students during SY 2019-2020.

x 87 86 91 89 84 82 90 82 87 88 91 90 81 82
y 89 86 92 93 86 88 90 86 89 90 91 95 85 89

I. Problem : Is there a significant relationship between the midterm and the final examinations of 14
students in Filipino?
II. Hypothesis :
Ho : There is no significant relationship between the midterm and the final examinations of 14
students in Filipino.
H1 : There is a significant relationship between the midterm and the final examinations of 14
students in Filipino.

III. Level of Significance :

α = .05
df = n-2
= 14-2
= 12
r.05 = .532
IV. Statistics
Pearson Product Moment Coefficient of Correlation
x Y x2 y2 xy
87 89 7,569 7,921 7,743
86 86 7,396 7,396 7,396
91 92 8,281 8,464 8,372
89 93 7,921 8,649 8,277
84 86 7,056 7,396 7,224
82 88 6,724 7,744 7,216
90 90 8,100 8,100 8,100
82 86 6,724 7,396 7,052
87 89 7,569 7,921 7,743
88 90 7,744 8,100 7,920
91 91 8,281 8,281 8,281
90 95 8,100 9,025 8,550
81 85 6,561 7,225 6,885
82 89 6,724 7,921 7,298
2 2
∑x=1,210 ∑y=1,249 ∑x = 104,750 ∑y =111,539 ∑xy=108,057
x= 86.43 y= 89.21

r= n∑xy - ∑x∑y________

[n∑x2- (∑x)2] [n∑y2-(∑y)2]

= 14(108,057)-(1,210)(1,249)__________

[14(104,750)-( 1,210)2][14(111,539)-( 1,249)2]

 = 1,512,798-1,511,290_______________

[1,466,500 – 1,464,100] [ 1,561,546 – 1,560,001]

= 1,508_______

[ 2,400] [ 1545 ]

= 1,508_____

3, 708, 000

= 1,508_____
1,925.62
r = 0.783

V. Decision Rule : If the computed r value is greater than the r tabular value, reject H0.

VI. Conclusion/Implication : Since the computed value of r which is 0.783 is greater than the tabular
value of .532 at .05 level of significance with 12 degrees of freedom, the null hypothesis
is disconfirmed in favor of the research hypothesis. This means that there is a significant
relationship between the midterm and the final examinations of 14 students in Filipino. It
implies that the higher the midterm grades the higher also are the final grades because
the value of r is positive. Likewise the lower the midterm grades the lower also are the
final grades.

. . .

High . . . . .
. . . . .
r= +
. . . .
. . .

Low High x

Prepared by:

RONA GELLICA P. SERENIO

Teacher 1