Indian Institute of Technology Bombay

Department of Civil Engineering

CE 401: Water Resources Engineering

Numerical Assignment -3

Part A

1) Define ‘rain gauge density’, and Write the factors you consider while selecting a site for a
rain-gauge station?

2) How will you reduce the evaporation losses from a reservoir?

3) Discuss briefly methods used to estimate evapotranspiration.

4) Prove that the area of corner segment of cross section in area-velocity method is
W2 2 where a1, d1, W1, and W2 are as defined in the class.
( )
W+
a1=d 1 ( ) 1

2 W1
2

5) Explain the procedure adopted in measuring streamflows in Moving Boat Method.

6) The rainfall on five successive days was measured as 100 mm, 80 mm, 60 mm, 40 mm and
20 mm respectively. If the infiltration index or the storm loss rate for the catchment area is
earlier estimated as 50 mm/day, what will be the total surface runoff?

7) The infiltration capacity of a watershed is estimated as 3.75 cm/hr, and the time constant
taken to be 0.35 hr -1. The constant infiltration rate is estimated as 0.51 cm/hr. Estimate the
values of infiltration f at t = 10 min, 30 min, 1 hr, 2 hr, and 6 hr.
f =f c + ( f 0 −f c ) exp (−kt )

8) In to a stream, with no trace of salt initially, a salt solution with a concentration of 30 g/lit, is
introduced at a constant rate of 2 litres per minute. The samples collected at a downstream
section sufficiently far away indicated an equilibrium salt concentration of 0.05 ppm.
Determine the discharge in the stream from this data.

Part B

9) The annual yields from a basin for a period of 19 years in Mm3 are 1220, 1780, 1060, 750,
618, 1480, 1340, 516, 508, 1380, 1450, 1090, 944, 397, 919, 1137, 857, 412 and 523.
Determine the 75% dependable yield and the dependability of the yield of magnitude 900
Mm3 using the Weibull formula for frequency analysis.

10) The shape of a catchment is in the form of a pentagon ABCDE. There are 4 raingauge
stations P, Q, R and S inside the catchment. The position co-ordinates in km are A(0,0),
B(50,75), C(100,70), D(150,0), E(75,-50), P(50,25), Q(100,25), R(100,-25) and S(50,-25). If
the rainfalls recorded at P, Q, R and S are 88, 102, 112 and 116 mm respectively, determine
the average depth of rainfall over the catchment using Thiessen polygon method. Comment
on the method and results.
 11) Test the consistency of the following precipitation data in mm using double mass curve.

Year 198 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996
7
Station A 178 162 194 168 196 144 160 196 141 158
Other 146 147 161 155 152 117 128 193 156 164
stations
Year 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Station A 145 132 95 148 142 140 130 137 130 163
Other 155 143 115 135 163 135 143 130 146 161
stations
(a) In what year is a change in regime indicated?
(b) Adjust the recorded data at station A and determine the mean annual precipitation.
(c) Comment on your result.

12)  The following are the data obtained in a stream-gauging operation. A current meter with a
calibration equation V = (0.51N + 0.03) m/s where N = revolutions per second was used to
measure the velocity at 0.6m depth. Using the area-velocity method, calculate the discharge
in the stream. Comment on your estimation.

Distance from the right bank (m) 0 1 3 5 7 9 11 12

Depth (m) 0 1.0 2.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.0
Number of revolutions 0 40 60 110 90 50 30 0
Time of observation (s) 0 100 10 150 150 100 100 0
0

13) The monthly runoff (in Mm3) of a river at a site proposed for constructing a dam is given
below

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Monthly inflow 207 156 104 78 65 52 156 518 778 518 389 259
(Mm3)

If a uniform release at 233 Mm3 per month is desired from this dam, what minimum storage
capacity is required? Solve it by Ripple Mass Diagram method. Comment on your result.

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