Professional Documents
Culture Documents
6HJXULGDG
(PHUJHQFLD
&RQWUROHV
&RQGXFFLyQ
0DQWHQLPLHQWR
,QIRUPDFLyQ
ËQGLFH
&RQWHQLGR
(VWH PDQXDO LOXVWUD \ GHVFULEH HO IXQFLRQDPLHQWR GH ODV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV R HTXLSRV TXH SXHGHQ VHU RSFLRQDOHV R HVWiQGDU
SDUD HVWH YHKtFXOR (VWH PDQXDO WDPELpQ SXHGH LQFOXLU XQD GHVFULSFLyQ GH ODV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV \ HTXLSRV TXH \D QR HVWiQ
GLVSRQLEOHV R QR VH RUGHQy HQ HVWH YHKtFXOR 3RU IDYRU FDVR RPLVR GH FXDOTXLHU LOXVWUDFLRQHV R GHVFULSFLRQHV UHODWLYDV D ODV
FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV R HTXLSRV TXH QR HVWiQ HQ HVWH YHKtFXOR
3$&&$5 VH UHVHUYD HO GHUHFKR D LQWHUUXPSLU FDPELDU ODV HVSHFL¿FDFLRQHV R FDPELDU HO GLVHxR GH VXV YHKtFXORV HQ
FXDOTXLHU PRPHQWR VLQ SUHYLR DYLVR \ VLQ LQFXUULU HQ QLQJXQD REOLJDFLyQ
/D LQIRUPDFLyQ FRQWHQLGD HQ HVWH PDQXDO HV SURSLHGDG GH .HQZRUWK /D UHSURGXFFLyQ HQ WRGR R HQ SDUWH SRU FXDOTXLHU
PHGLR HVWi HVWULFWDPHQWH SURKLELGD VLQ SUHYLD DXWRUL]DFLyQ SRU HVFULWR GH 3$&&$5 ,QF
L
6(*85,'$'
,1752'8&&,Ï1
$FHUFD GH HVWH PDQXDO
$OHUWDV GH VHJXULGDG
6HJXULGDG GHO YHKtFXOR
5HSDUDFLRQHV
)XHQWHV DGLFLRQDOHV GH LQIRUPDFLyQ
$GYHUWHQFLD VREUH OD 3URSXHVWD GH &DOLIRUQLD
5HJLVWUR GH GDWRV
$6,(1726 < &,178521(6
,QWURGXFFLyQ
&LQWXURQHV GH VHJXULGDG
&RUUHDV GH VXMHFLyQ
)XQFLyQ .RPIRUW/RN
&LQWXURQHV GH VHJXULGDG
5HSDUDFLyQ \ GDxR DO FLQWXUyQ
/LWHUDV GHO GRUPLWRULR \ UHVWULFFLRQHV
6(*85,'$'
$55$148(
,QWURGXFFLyQ
6HJXUR GH OD SXHUWD \ OODYHV
(QWUDGD VLQ OODYH D FRQWURO UHPRWR RSFLyQ
$FFHVR DO PDUFR \ OD FDELQD
6XMHFLyQ GHO FRIUH
,QFOLQDFLyQ GHO FRIUH
6HJXUR GHO FRIUH
&DEOH GH VHJXULGDG GHO FRIUH
)XQFLRQDPLHQWR VHJXUR GHO YHKtFXOR
&DUJD GHO YHKtFXOR
(TXLSR GH HPHUJHQFLD
/LVWD GH FRPSUREDFLyQ GHO FRQGXFWRU
,1752'8&&,Ï1
,1752'8&&,Ï1
(MHPSOR
,1752'8&&,Ï1
,1752'8&&,Ï1
,1752'8&&,Ï1
,1752'8&&,Ï1
KWWSZZZGPYFDJRY
,1752'8&&,Ï1
SXEVYFWRSGBYFKWP
$'9(57(1&,$
(Q HO (VWDGR GH &DOLIRUQLD VH VDEH
TXH ORV HVFDSHV GH ORV PRWRUHV
GLHVHO \ DOJXQRV GH VXV HOHPHQWRV
SURGXFHQ FiQFHU GHIHFWRV GH
QDFLPLHQWR \ RWURV GDxRV HQ HO
VLVWHPD UHSURGXFWRU $TXt WDPELpQ
VH VDEH TXH KD\ RWURV SURGXFWRV
TXtPLFRV GH HVWRV YHKtFXORV TXH
SURGXFHQ FiQFHU GHIHFWRV GH
QDFLPLHQWR X RWURV GDxRV HQ HO
VLVWHPD UHSURGXFWRU /D OH\ GH
&DOLIRUQLD SURSXHVWD H[LJH HVWH
UHTXHULPLHQWR GH DGYHUWHQFLD \ QR
HV UHVXOWDGR GH QLQJ~Q FDPELR HQ
OD IRUPD HQ TXH VH IDEULFDQ ORV
YHKtFXORV
$6,(1726 < &,178521(6
$6,(1726 < &,178521(6
$6,(1726 < &,178521(6
&LQWXUyQ GH KRPEURDEGRPLQDO
$'9(57(1&,$
1R FRQGX]FD HO YHKtFXOR VLQ /D FRPELQDFLyQ GH FLQWXUyQ GH
VX FLQWXUyQ GH VHJXULGDG \ VXV KRPEURDEGRPLQDO HVWi HTXLSDGD FRQ
FLQWXURQHV GH YLDMH DEURFKDGRV /DV XQ PHFDQLVPR GH EORTXHR (O VLVWHPD
SHUVRQDV TXH QR OOHYHQ HO FLQWXUyQ VH DMXVWD DXWRPiWLFDPHQWH DO WDPDxR
DEURFKDGR SRGUtDQ VHU ODQ]DGDV \ PRYLPLHQWRV GH OD SHUVRQD VLHPSUH
KDFLD HO SDUDEULVDV X RWUDV SDUWHV \ FXDQGR HO MDOyQ GHO FLQWXUyQ VHD
GH OD FDELQD R SRGUtDQ VHU ODQ]DGDV VXDYH
KDFLD DIXHUD GH OD FDELQD /DV 3HUVRQDV VLQ FLQWXUyQ HQ HO PRPHQWR GH
XQD FROLVLyQ (O FLQWXUyQ VH EORTXHD GXUDQWH XQD
OHVLRQHV SRGUtDQ VHU PiV JUDYHV
FROLVLyQ R IUHQDGR IXHUWH (O FLQWXUyQ
FXDQGR ODV SHUVRQDV QR OOHYDQ
3RGUtD VHU TXH VX YHKtFXOR HVWp WDPELpQ VH EORTXHD FXDQGR VH HVWi
HO FLQWXUyQ DEURFKDGR 6LHPSUH
HTXLSDGR FRQ XQ LQGLFDGRU GH ORV FRQGXFLHQGR KDFLD DUULED R KDFLD
DEURFKH VX FLQWXUyQ GH VHJXULGDG
FLQWXURQHV GH VHJXULGDG HQ OD SDQWDOOD DEDMR HQ XQD SHQGLHQWH PX\ LQFOLQDGD
\ DVHJ~UHVH GH TXH WRGRV ORV TXH
GH OXFHV GH DGYHUWHQFLD DUULED GHO R HQ FXUYDV SURQXQFLDGDV
YLDMDQ FRQ XVWHG KDJDQ OR PLVPR
6L QR FXPSOH FRQ HVWD DGYHUWHQFLD YHORFtPHWURWDFyPHWUR ³FLQWXUyQ GH
VHJXULGDG DEURFKH´ ³FLQWXUyQ GH 3DUD DEURFKDU HO FLQWXUyQ
SXHGH SURYRFDU OHVLRQHV SHUVRQDOHV
R OD PXHUWH VHJXULGDG DEURFKH´ HQ OD SiJLQD 6XMHWH OD OHQJHWD GHO FLQWXUyQ
eVWH VH HQFHQGHUi VL QR
HVWiQ DEURFKDGRV ORV FLQWXURQHV GH -DOH HO FLQWXUyQ FRQ XQ PRYLPLHQWR
VHJXULGDG FXDQGR OD OODYH GH LJQLFLyQ OHQWR \ FRQWLQXR D OR ODUJR GH VX
HVWi HQFHQGLGD SHFKR \ PXVORV
,QWURGX]FD OD OHQJHWD HQ OD KHELOOD
TXH HVWi HQ HO ODGR LQWHULRU GHO
DVLHQWR
$6,(1726 < &,178521(6
$6,(1726 < &,178521(6
&LQWXURQHV GH VHJXULGDG
&RUUHFWR ,QFRUUHFWR PX\ DUULED GH OD &RUUHFWR VREUH HO ,QFRUUHFWR GHEDMR GHO ,QFRUUHFWR UHWRUFLGR
FDGHUD EUD]R EUD]R
$6,(1726 < &,178521(6
$6,(1726 < &,178521(6
$6,(1726 < &,178521(6
$6,(1726 < &,178521(6
$6,(1726 < &,178521(6
$6,(1726 < &,178521(6
$6,(1726 < &,178521(6
$6,(1726 < &,178521(6
6XSHULRU
$'9(57(1&,$ 127$
$'9(57(1&,$ $VHJ~UHVH GH TXH QXQFD YLDMH &RQIRUPH D )0&65 1R
$VHJ~UHVH GH TXH HO VHJXUR TXH QDGLH HQ OD OLWHUD VXSHULRU (VD VH GHEHQ WUDQVSRUWDU D SHUVRQDV
VRVWLHQH D OD OLWHUD VXSHULRU HQ OD SHUVRQD SRGUtD VHU ODQ]DGD KDFLD TXH QR KDQ VLGR DXWRUL]DGDV /D
SRVLFLyQ SOHJDGD HVWp IXQFLRQDQGR IXHUD HQ FDVR GH XQ DFFLGHQWH \ OH\ IHGHUDO SURKtEH WUDQVSRUWDU
FRUUHFWDPHQWH SDUD TXH OD OLWHUD SRGUtD VDOLU JUDYHPHQWH OHVLRQDGD SHUVRQDV HQ YHKtFXORV FRPHUFLDOHV
QR VH YD\D D FDHU -DOH OD OLWHUD /D OLWHUD VXSHULRU QR HVWi HTXLSDGD D PHQRV TXH HO WUDQVSRUWLVWD KD\D
SDUD DVHJXUDUVH GH TXH HVWi ELHQ FRQ VLVWHPD GH UHVWULFFLyQ 1R DXWRUL]DGR TXH VH WUDQVSRUWHQ D
DVHJXUDGD 6L OD OLWHUD VH FDH XWLOLFH OD OLWHUD VXSHULRU PLHQWUDV HO GLFKDV SHUVRQDV HVSHFt¿FDPHQWH
SRGUtD UHVXOWDU OHVLRQDGR 6L QR YHKtFXOR HVWi HQ PRYLPLHQWR 6L QR &RQVXOWH OD )0&65 FLWDGD SDUD
FXPSOH FRQ HVWD DGYHUWHQFLD SXHGH FXPSOH FRQ HVWD DGYHUWHQFLD SXHGH REWHQHU XQD GHVFULSFLyQ FRPSOHWD
RFDVLRQDU OHVLRQHV SHUVRQDOHV OD RFDVLRQDU OHVLRQHV SHUVRQDOHV OD GH ORV UHJODPHQWRV \ H[HQFLRQHV
PXHUWH R GDxR DO HTXLSR R D OD PXHUWH R GDxR DO HTXLSR R D OD
SURSLHGDG SURSLHGDG $VHJ~UHVH GH DOPDFHQDU VLHPSUH
WRGDV ODV SHUWHQHQFLDV VXHOWDV
DQWHV GH PRYHU VX YHKtFXOR < QR
DOPDFHQH REMHWRV HQ ODV OLWHUDV
HVWRV SRGUtDQ RFDVLRQDU GDxRV
R OHVLRQHV JUDYHV GXUDQWH XQ
DFFLGHQWH
$6,(1726 < &,178521(6
$6,(1726 < &,178521(6
$55$148(
$55$148(
(QWUDGD VLQ OODYH D FRQWURO HVWi VXMHWR D ODV VLJXLHQWHV GRV )XQFLRQDPLHQWR
FRQGLFLRQHV 3DUD TXLWDU HO VHJXUR GH OD SXHUWD
UHPRWR RSFLyQ
GHO FRQGXFWRU
3XHGH VHU TXH HVWH GLVSRVLWLYR QR
(V SRVLEOH TXH HVWH YHKtFXOR FXHQWH
RFDVLRQH LQWHUIHUHQFLD SHUMXGLFLDO 3UHVLRQH XQD YH] HO ERWyQ 81/2&.
FRQ XQ VLVWHPD GH (QWUDGD VLQ OODYHV D
FRQWURO UHPRWR 5.( HO FXDO DXPHQWD (VWH GLVSRVLWLYR GHEH DFHSWDU WRGD TXLWDU VHJXUR /D SXHUWD GHO
OD VHJXULGDG \ FRQYHQLHQFLD GHO FDPLyQ OD LQWHUIHUHQFLD TXH UHFLED FRQGXFWRU TXLWDUi HO VHJXUR \ ODV OXFHV
.HQZRUWK (O VLVWHPD SRQGUi \ TXLWDUi LQFOX\HQGR LQWHUIHUHQFLD GH HVWDFLRQDPLHQWR VH HQFHQGHUiQ
HO VHJXUR GH OD SXHUWD GHO FRQGXFWRU \ TXH SRGUtD RFDVLRQDU XQ SRU VHJXQGRV
GHO SDVDMHUR FRQ HO OODYHUR \ OR DOHUWDUi IXQFLRQDPLHQWR QR GHVHDGR
FRQ ODV OXFHV GH HVWDFLRQDPLHQWR 3DUD TXLWDU HO VHJXUR GH OD SXHUWD
FXDQGR OD SXHUWD VHOHFFLRQDGD HVWp 127$ GHO SDVDMHUR
FRQ VHJXUR R VLQ VHJXUR (O VLVWHPD /RV FDPELRV R PRGL¿FDFLRQHV TXH 3UHVLRQH HO ERWyQ 81/2&. TXLWDU
LQFOX\H GRV OODYHURV TXH SURSRUFLRQDQ QR IXHURQ DSUREDGDV H[SUHVDPHQWH VHJXUR XQD YH] \ SUHVLyQHOR GH QXHYR
XQD WHFQRORJtD GH FyGLJR DOWHUQDQWH SRU OD SHUVRQD UHVSRQVDEOH SDUD GXUDQWH FLQFR VHJXQGRV /D SXHUWD GHO
VHJXUR TXH HYLWD TXH DOJXLHQ UHJLVWUH VX FXPSOLPLHQWR SRGUtDQ DQXODU OD SDVDMHUR TXLWDUi HO VHJXUR
OD VHxDO GH HQWUDGD DXWRULGDG GHO XVXDULR SDUD SRQHU
HQ IXQFLRQDPLHQWR HO HTXLSR (O 3DUD SRQHU HO VHJXUR D DPEDV
)&& ,' /&7 ,& $7
WpUPLQR ,& DQWHV GHO Q~PHUR GH SXHUWDV
)&& ,' /&5 ,& $5 FHUWL¿FDFLyQ GHO UDGLR ~QLFDPHQWH
VLJQL¿FD TXH VH FXPSOLHURQ ODV 3UHVLRQH HO ERWyQ /2&. SRQHU
(VWH GLVSRVLWLYR FXPSOH FRQ OD 3DUWH HVSHFL¿FDFLRQHV WpFQLFDV GH VHJXUR /DV SXHUWDV SRQGUiQ HO
GHO UHJODPHQWR )&& \ FRQ 566 GH ,QGXVWU\ &DQDGD VHJXUR \ ODV OXFHV GH HVWDFLRQDPLHQWR
,QGXVWU\ &DQDGD (O IXQFLRQDPLHQWR VH HQFHQGHUiQ SRU GRV VHJXQGRV 6L
$55$148(
$55$148(
$55$148(
$55$148(
$'9(57(1&,$
6LHPSUH YXHOYD D LQVWDODU OD FXELHUWD
GHO FRPSDUWLPLHQWR GH OD EDWHUtD
JUDGD DQWHV GH HQWUDU D OD FDELQD
6L OD FXELHUWD GHO FRPSDUWLPLHQWR
6&5 R EDWHUtD QR HVWi HQ VX OXJDU
SRGUtD UHVEDODUVH \ FDHU OR TXH
SRVLEOHPHQWH OH RFDVLRQH OHVLRQHV
SHUVRQDOHV
$55$148(
$55$148(
5HFXHUGH6XMpWHVH GH ODV PDQLMDV PLHQWUDV VXEH 0DQWHQJD WUHV SXQWRV GH FRQWDFWR VLHPSUH TXH HQWUH \ VDOJD GHO iUHD GH OD FKDSD GH FXELHUWD
ODV PDQRV HQ OD DJDUUDGHUD \ ORV SLHV HQ ODV JUDGDV
$55$148(
35(&$8&,Ï1
6L QR DVHJXUD ¿UPHPHQWH HO
FRIUH SRGUtD DEULUVH GXUDQWH HO
IXQFLRQDPLHQWR \ RFDVLRQDU GDxRV
DO YHKtFXOR $VHJ~UHVH GH TXH HVWp
ELHQ VHJXUR
$55$148(
$55$148(
$55$148(
$55$148(
$55$148(
(TXLSR GH HPHUJHQFLD
*&: HV HO SHVR UHDO FRPELQDGR R $'9(57(1&,$
HO SHVR EUXWR FRPELQDGR *&: VH 6L OD FDUJD QR HVWi ELHQ GLVWULEXLGD (V XQD EXHQD FRVWXPEUH OOHYDU XQ
VX YHKtFXOR \ OD FDUJD YHKtFXOR PiV R VL pVWD HV GHPDVLDGR SHVDGD SDUD NLW GH HTXLSR GH HPHUJHQFLD HQ
UHPROTXHV PiV FDUJD XQ HMH SRGUtD DIHFWDU HO IUHQDGR VX YHKtFXOR 6L XQ GtD WLHQH XQD
\ PDQHMR GHO YHKtFXOR OR TXH HPHUJHQFLD HQ FDUUHWHUD VH DOHJUDUi
*$:5 HV OD UHODFLyQ GHO SHVR EUXWR GH WHQHU ORV VLJXLHQWHV DFFHVRULRV
SRGUtD RFDVLRQDU XQ DFFLGHQWH
GHO HMH eVWH HV HO WRWDO GH SHVR
$XQTXH OD FDUJD TXH WUDQVSRUWD OLPSLDGRU GH YHQWDQDV
TXH XQ HMH SXHGH WUDQVPLWLU DO SLVR
VHD PHQRU TXH ORV OtPLWHV OHJDOHV
(QFRQWUDUi HVWDV FDQWLGDGHV HQ HO
DVHJ~UHVH GH TXH HVWp GLVWULEXLGD FHSLOOR SDUD QLHYH
ERUGH GH OD SXHUWD GHO FRQGXFWRU
XQLIRUPHPHQWH 6L QR FXPSOH FRQ
HVWD DGYHUWHQFLD SXHGH RFDVLRQDU UHFLSLHQWH R EROVD GH DUHQD R VDO
'LVWULEXFLyQ GH OD FDUJD DVHJ~UHVH
GH TXH OD FDUJD TXH WUDQVSRUWH HVWp OHVLRQHV SHUVRQDOHV OD PXHUWH R OiPSDUD GH HPHUJHQFLD
GLVWULEXLGD GH PDQHUD TXH QLQJ~Q HMH GDxR DO HTXLSR R D OD SURSLHGDG
WHQJD TXH DJXDQWDU PiV GH VX *$:5 WULiQJXORV
SDOD SHTXHxD
H[WLQWRU GH LQFHQGLRV
$55$148(
/LVWD GH FRPSUREDFLyQ GHO PDOR \ QR SXHGH DUUHJODUOR SLGD D XQ &yPR FXLGDU VX YHKtFXOR
'LVWULEXLGRU .HQZRUWK DXWRUL]DGR R XQ
FRQGXFWRU 5HYLVH OD DSDULHQFLD \ FRQGLFLyQ
PHFiQLFR FDSDFLWDGR TXH OR UHSDUH HQ
VHJXLGD JHQHUDO ¢(VWiQ OLPSLDV \ VLQ
3DUD PDQWHQHU VX .HQZRUWK HQ
EORTXHRV ODV YHQWDQDV HVSHMRV \
ySWLPDV FRQGLFLRQHV \ PDQWHQHU XQ
(O FRQGXFWRU GHEH UHDOL]DU ODV OXFHV"
DOWR QLYHO GH VHJXULGDG SDUD XVWHG
VXV SDVDMHURV \ VX FDUJD FDGD GtD VLJXLHQWHV RSHUDFLRQHV 6L
5HYLVH OD SDUWH GH DEDMR GHO
DQWHV GH VDOLU D OD FDUUHWHUD UHDOLFH UHDOL]D HVWDV UHYLVLRQHV \ VLJXH
YHKtFXOR ¢+D\ VHxDV GH IXJD GH
XQD LQVSHFFLyQ PLQXFLRVD (VWR KDUi ORV SURFHGLPLHQWRV GH PDQWHQLPLHQWR
FRPEXVWLEOH DFHLWH R DJXD"
TXH DKRUUH WLHPSR GH PDQWHQLPLHQWR GH HVWH PDQXDO FRQWULEXLUi D
HQ HO IXWXUR \ ODV UHYLVLRQHV GH PDQWHQHU VX .HQZRUWK IXQFLRQDQGR 5HYLVH VL IDOWDQ SDUWHV R VL KD\
VHJXULGDG SRGUtDQ D\XGDUOH D SUHYHQLU FRUUHFWDPHQWH SDUWHV GDxDGDV R VXHOWDV ¢+D\
DFFLGHQWHV VHULRV 7DPELpQ UHFXHUGH SDUWHV TXH PXHVWUDQ VHxDV GH
TXH OD )HGHUDO 0RWRU &DUULHU 6DIHW\ GHVJDVWH H[FHVLYR R IDOWD GH
5HJXODWLRQ UHTXLHUH XQD OXEULFDFLyQ" 3LGD D XQ PHFiQLFR
LQVSHFFLyQ DQWHV GHO UHFRUULGR \ FDSDFLWDGR TXH H[DPLQH ORV
WDPELpQ OR UHTXLHUHQ ODV FRPSDxtDV DFFHVRULRV HQ FXHVWLyQ \ ORV
FRPHUFLDOHV GH FDPLRQHV UHSDUH OR PiV SURQWR SRVLEOH
$55$148(
5HYLVLRQHV GLDULDV PiV LQIRUPDFLyQ VREUH FyPR $VHJ~UHVH GH TXH HVWpQ WRGDV ODV
UHYLVDU OD WHQVLyQ GH OD IDMD DEUD]DGHUDV FRUUHDV TXH VXMHWDQ
5HYLVLRQHV GHO FRPSDUWLPLHQWR GHO ORV FDEOHV \ TXH HVWpQ HQ EXHQDV
PRWRU 'LDULDPHQWH 127$ FRQGLFLRQHV GH IXQFLRQDPLHQWR
1LYHOHV GH OtTXLGR GHO PRWRU /D GHVYLDFLyQ GHEH VHU GHO JURVRU GH &RIUH FHUUDGR DQWHV GH HQWUDU D OD
$JUHJXH PiV VL IXHUD QHFHVDULR XQD FRUUHD SDUD FDGD GLVWDQFLD GHO FDELQD ¢(VWi ELHQ DVHJXUDGR"
SLH HQWUH ORV FHQWURV GH ODV SROHDV
$FHLWH GHO PRWRU 5HYLVLRQHV GHO FKDVLV \ OD FDELQD
6L VH HQFXHQWUDQ UDMDGXUDV 'LDULDV
5HIULJHUDQWH UHYtVHOR FXDQGR R URWXUDV HQ OD IDMD pVWD VH
HO PRWRU HVWp IUtR $QWHV GH HQWUDU D OD FDELQD \ SRQHU
GHEH UHHPSOD]DU DQWHV GH
HQ PDUFKD HO YHKtFXOR UHYLVH
1LYHO GHO OtTXLGR GH OD GLUHFFLyQ SRQHU HQ PDUFKD HO YHKtFXOR
TXH HO VLJXLHQWH HTXLSR WHQJD HO
KLGUiXOLFD 'UHQDMH GHO VHSDUDGRU GH PDQWHQLPLHQWR DGHFXDGR
)DMD GHO PRWRU 5HYLVH OD WHQVLyQ DJXD¿OWUR GH FRPEXVWLEOH
/XFHV ¢)XQFLRQDQ HVWiQ OLPSLRV
\ HVWDGR GH ODV IDMDV (VWR HV 5HYLVH \ GUHQH 'HSHQGLHQGR GHO
\ DMXVWDGRV FRUUHFWDPHQWH ORV
LPSRUWDQWH SDUD DVHJXUDU HO GHSyVLWR GH DOPDFHQDPLHQWR GH
IDURV VHxDOHV GH JLUR OXFHV
IXQFLRQDPLHQWR FRUUHFWR GHO PRWRU FRPEXVWLEOH HV SRVLEOH TXH WHQJD
LQWHUPLWHQWHV GH HPHUJHQFLD \
\ HO FRPSUHVRU TXH GUHQDU FRQ PiV IUHFXHQFLD
OXFHV H[WHULRUHV"
1LYHO GHO OtTXLGR GH OD UHVHUYD GHO
0LGD OD WHQVLyQ GH OD IDMD 9HQWDQDV \ HVSHMRV
OLPSLDSDUDEULVDV /OpQHOR VL IXHUD
HQ OD SDUWH PiV ODUJD GH OD ¢(VWiQ OLPSLRV \ DMXVWDGRV
QHFHVDULR
IDMD &RQVXOWH HQ &RUUHDV FRUUHFWDPHQWH"
GH WUDFFLyQ DFFHVRULD HQ OD &DEOHV GH OD EDWHUtD 5HYLVH VL
SiJLQD SDUD REWHQHU /ODQWDV \ UXHGDV ¢(VWiQ LQÀDGDV
ORV FDEOHV GHO DOWHUQDGRU \ EDWHUtD
FRUUHFWDPHQWH" ¢(VWiQ WRGDV ODV
HVWiQ SHODGRV R GHVJDVWDGRV
$55$148(
$55$148(
¢(VWi HO WUHQ GH DWHUUL]DMH /XFHV *LUH OD OODYH GH LJQLFLyQ ¢(VWi FRPSOHWR VX NLW GH
VXELGR \ OD PDQLMD DVHJXUDGD" D OD SRVLFLyQ 21 HQFHQGLGDV \ HPHUJHQFLD SDUD FDUUHWHUD"
UHYLVH ODV OXFHV GH DGYHUWHQFLD \
5HYLVH OD TXLQWD UXHGD ¢(VWi DODUPD 5HYLVH HO IXQFLRQDPLHQWR ¢(VWiQ FHUUDGRV ORV
DVHJXUDGD OD FODYLMD PDHVWUD" GH ODV VHxDOHV GH JLUR \ ODV OXFHV FRPSDUWLPLHQWRV"
¢(VWD DVHJXUDGD OD TXLQWD GH HPHUJHQFLD &RPEXVWLEOH UHYLVH HO
UXHGD GHVOL]DQWH" ,QVWUXPHQWRV 5HYLVH WRGRV ORV FRPEXVWLEOH ¢7LHQH VX¿FLHQWH
LQVWUXPHQWRV FRPEXVWLEOH"
,QWHULRU GH OD FDELQD 'LDULDPHQWH
3DUDEULVDV 5HYLVH HO /tTXLGR GH HVFDSH GH GLHVHO '()
$VLHQWR $MXVWH HO DVLHQWR SDUD
IXQFLRQDPLHQWR GH ODV SOXPDV \ UHYLVDU HO QLYHO ¢7LHQH VX¿FLHQWH
TXH DOFDQFH IiFLOPHQWH ORV
GHO OLPSLDSDUDEULVDV OtTXLGR"
FRQWUROHV
&LQWXURQHV GH VHJXULGDG &OD[RQ 5HYLVH HO IXQFLRQDPLHQWR
$SULHWH \ DMXVWH ORV FLQWXURQHV GH GHO FOD[RQ
VHJXULGDG &RPSDUWLPLHQWR GHO GRUPLWRULR \
&LQWXURQHV GH VHJXULGDG GHO HTXLSDMH 7RGRV ORV DFFHVRULRV
GRUPLWRULR 5HYLVH VL HVWiQ HQ VXHOWRV GHEHQ HVWDU ELHQ
EXHQ HVWDGR DOPDFHQDGRV
$55$148(
(0(5*(1&,$
(0(5*(1&,$
48e +$&(5 6,
48e +$&(5 6,
48e +$&(5 6,
35(&$8&,Ï1
6L VLJXH RSHUDQGR VX YHKtFXOR FRQ
OD SUHVLyQ GHO DFHLWH EDMD SXHGH
RFDVLRQDU GDxRV JUDYHV DO PRWRU R
SURYRFDU XQ DFFLGHQWH TXH SRGUtD
GDxDU HO HTXLSR R OD SURSLHGDG
48e +$&(5 6,
6H HQFLHQGH OD OX] &KHFN (O PRWRU VH VREUHFDOHQWy LQWHUUXSWRU GHO YHQWLODGRU GHO PRWRU
(QJLQH UHYLVDU HO PRWRU GH $872 D 0$1 PDQXDO
5HGX]FD OD YHORFLGDG GHO
PRWRU \ GHWHQJD HO YHKtFXOR $XPHQWH OD YHORFLGDG GHO PRWRU
GH PDQHUD VHJXUD &XDQGR D DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH OD PLWDG
VH KD\D GHWHQLGR FRORTXH OD GH OD Pi[LPD YHORFLGDG GH
WUDQVPLVLyQ HQ 1HXWUR \ DSOLTXH IXQFLRQDPLHQWR R D XQ Pi[LPR GH
ORV IUHQRV GH HVWDFLRQDPLHQWR D USP
&RQVXOWH HQ 9iOYXOD GHO IUHQR
'HEHUi SUHVWDU VHUYLFLR DO YHKtFXOR 9XHOYD D OD YHORFLGDG GH UDOHQWt
GH HVWDFLRQDPLHQWR HQ OD SiJLQD
SDUD FRUUHJLU HO SUREOHPD SHUR OD QRUPDO GHO PRWRU GHVSXpV GH y
\ )81&,21$0,(172 '(
VLWXDFLyQ QR GHEH FRQVLGHUDUVH XQD PLQXWRV
/$ 75$160,6,Ï1 HQ OD SiJLQD
HPHUJHQFLD (O YHKtFXOR D~Q VH SXHGH SDUD REWHQHU LQIRUPDFLyQ GH 6XSHUYLVH OD WHPSHUDWXUD GHO
FRQGXFLU GH PDQHUD VHJXUD FDPELRV GH OD WUDQVPLVLyQ \ IUHQRV PRWRU &XDQGR OD WHPSHUDWXUD
GH HVWDFLRQDPLHQWR 0DQWHQJD HO KD\D UHJUHVDGR D OD QRUPDO GHMH
PRWRU IXQFLRQDQGR TXH HO PRWRU IXQFLRQH D UDOHQWt GH
D PLQXWRV DQWHV GH DSDJDUOR
$VHJ~UHVH GH TXH ODV OHFWXUDV
(VWR SHUPLWLUi TXH HO PRWRU VH
GHO PDQyPHWUR GH DFHLWH
HQIUtH JUDGXDO \ XQLIRUPHPHQWH
VHDQ QRUPDOHV &RQVXOWH HQ
0DQyPHWUR GH DFHLWH GHO PRWRU HQ 6L HO VREUHFDOHQWDPLHQWR VH GHEH
OD SiJLQD SDUD REWHQHU PiV D XQD FRQGLFLyQ GH IXQFLRQDPLHQWR
LQIRUPDFLyQ VHYHUR HQ HVWH PRPHQWR \D VH
GHEHUtD GH KDEHU HQIULDGR 'H QR
$VHJ~UHVH GH TXH HO YHQWLODGRU GHO
VHU DVt GHWHQJD HO PRWRU \ GHMH
PRWRU VH HQFLHQGH DO FDPELDU HO
TXH VH HQIUtH DQWHV GH UHYLVDU VL OH
IDOWD UHIULJHUDQWH
48e +$&(5 6,
48e +$&(5 6,
6H TXHPD XQ IXVLEOH R
$'9(57(1&,$ 35(&$8&,Ï1
UHOHYDGRU
1R UHHPSODFH XQ IXVLEOH SRU 6L XQ FLUFXLWR VH PDQWLHQH
/RV IXVLEOHV LQWHUUXSWRUHV GH FLUFXLWR XQ IXVLEOH GH XQ YDORU VXSHULRU TXHPDQGR IXVLEOHV VROLFLWH HQ OD
\ UHOHYDGRUHV HVWiQ XELFDGRV HQ OD 6L OR KDFH SXHGH GDxDU HO DJHQFLD GLVWULEXLGRUD DXWRUL]DGD
FDMD GH GLVWULEXFLyQ GH HQHUJtD D OD VLVWHPD HOpFWULFR \ RFDVLRQDU GH .HQZRUWK TXH LQVSHFFLRQHQ HO
L]TXLHUGD GH OD FROXPQD GH GLUHFFLyQ XQ LQFHQGLR 6L QR FXPSOH FRQ VLVWHPD HOpFWULFR SDUD YHU VL KD\ XQ
GHWUiV GHO SHGDO GHO HPEUDJXH HVWD DGYHUWHQFLD SXHGH RFDVLRQDU FRUWRFLUFXLWR R VREUHFDUJD OR PiV
&RQVXOWH &DMD GH GLVWULEXFLyQ GH OHVLRQHV SHUVRQDOHV OD PXHUWH R SURQWR SRVLEOH 6L QR OR KDFH SRGUtD
HQHUJtD HQ OD SiJLQD GDxR DO HTXLSR R D OD SURSLHGDG RFDVLRQDU GDxRV VHYHURV DO VLVWHPD
HOpFWULFR R DO YHKtFXOR
/RV IXVLEOHV DGLFLRQDOHV SDUD HO
DOWHUQDGRU FRQWURO HOHFWUyQLFR GHO 35(&$8&,Ï1
PRWRU \ FLUFXLWR GH FDUJD GH OD EDWHUtD $QWHV GH UHHPSOD]DU XQ IXVLEOH 127$
GHO UHPROTXH VH SXHGHQ XELFDU HQ DSDJXH WRGDV ODV OXFHV \ DFFHVRULRV 6L QR KD\ GLVSRQLEOH XQ IXVLEOH GHO
HO &HQWUR GH GLVWULEXFLyQ GH HQHUJtD \ UHWLUH OD OODYH GH LJQLFLyQ SDUD PLVPR YDORU SXHGH VXVWLWXLUOR FRQ
3'& GHQWUR GH OD FDMD GH OD EDWHUtD HYLWDU GDxDU HO VLVWHPD HOpFWULFR XQ IXVLEOH GH YDORU LQIHULRU 7DPELpQ
\ HQ HO ODGR GHO PRWRU GHO FRUWDIXHJRV SXHGH XWLOL]DU XQ IXVLEOH GH XQ
GH OD FDELQD &RQVXOWH HQ &HQWUR GH 35(&$8&,Ï1 FLUFXLWR GHO TXH SXHGH SUHVFLQGLU
GLVWULEXFLyQ GH HQHUJtD 3'& HQ OD WHPSRUDOPHQWH SRU HMHPSOR XQ
SiJLQD 1XQFD UHSDUH ORV IXVLEOHV FRQ SDSHO
FLUFXLWR GH DFFHVRULRV R UDGLR
DOXPLQLR R FDEOHV (VWR SXHGH
RFDVLRQDU GDxRV VHYHURV HQ RWUD
SDUWH GHO FLUFXLWR HOpFWULFR \ SXHGH 7RGRV ORV FLUFXLWRV HOpFWULFRV WLHQHQ
RFDVLRQDU XQ LQFHQGLR IXVLEOHV SDUD SURWHJHUORV GH XQ
FRUWRFLUFXLWR R VREUHFDUJD 6L DOJ~Q
GLVSRVLWLYR HOpFWULFR HQ VX FKDVLV GHMD
48e +$&(5 6,
9(+Ë&8/26 48( $55$1&$1 &21 /$ &21(;,Ï1 '( 38(17(
9(+Ë&8/26 48( $55$1&$1 &21 /$ &21(;,Ï1 '( 38(17(
35(&$8&,Ï1
6L XWLOL]D XQD EDWHUtD GH UHIXHU]R
GH YROWDMH PD\RU RFDVLRQDUi
GDxRV FRVWRVRV D FRPSRQHQWHV
HOHFWUyQLFRV VHQVLEOHV FRPR
UHOHYDGRUHV \ HO UDGLR 6L QR
FXPSOH FRQ HVWD DGYHUWHQFLD SXHGH
SURYRFDU GDxR DO HTXLSR
9(+Ë&8/26 48( $55$1&$1 &21 /$ &21(;,Ï1 '( 38(17(
9(+Ë&8/26 48( $55$1&$1 &21 /$ &21(;,Ï1 '( 38(17(
)5(126 '( 5(6257( < 5(6&$7( '(/ 9(+Ë&8/2
)5(126 '( 5(6257( < 5(6&$7( '(/ 9(+Ë&8/2
)5(126 '( 5(6257( < 5(6&$7( '(/ 9(+Ë&8/2
$SDUHMR GH UHVFDWH 1XQFD DWH XQD FDGHQD VLPSOH R 6L QR WLHQH XQD EDUUD HVSDUFLGRUD
XQ FDEOH SRU DPERV JDQFKRV FRQHFWH HO FDEOH R OD FDGHQD GH
3DUD FRQHFWDU FRQ HO .HQZRUWK VLJD
UHPROTXH SULQFLSDO D PiV GH
ORV PpWRGRV GH DSDUHMR VXJHULGRV TXH 8WLOLFH XQD EDUUD FRPSHQVDGRUD R SLHV P GHO YHKtFXOR
VH HQFXHQWUDQ D FRQWLQXDFLyQ HVSDUFLGRUD SDUD GLVWULEXLU OD FDUJD
HQ DPERV JDQFKRV
8WLOLFH XQD HVWUXFWXUD GH XQD
FDGHQD GREOH R XQ FDEOH SDUD
GLVWULEXLU OD FDUJD HTXLWDWLYDPHQWH
HQ DPERV JDQFKRV &RQVXOWH R
HQ OD VLJXLHQWH LOXVWUDFLyQ
)5(126 '( 5(6257( < 5(6&$7( '(/ 9(+Ë&8/2
)5(126 '( 5(6257( < 5(6&$7( '(/ 9(+Ë&8/2
)5(126 '( 5(6257( < 5(6&$7( '(/ 9(+Ë&8/2
)5(126 '( 5(6257( < 5(6&$7( '(/ 9(+Ë&8/2
)5(126 '( 5(6257( < 5(6&$7( '(/ 9(+Ë&8/2
&21752/(6
$&&(625,26
,QWURGXFFLyQ
5DGLR RSFLyQ
(QFHQGHGRU \ FHQLFHUR RSFLyQ
5HORM
$OPDFHQDPLHQWR HQ OD FDELQD
&$/()$&&,Ï1 < $,5( $&21',&,21$'2
,QWURGXFFLyQ
3UHFDXFLRQHV
&RQWUROHV GH OD FDELQD
&DOHIDFWRU GHO GRUPLWRULR &RQWUROHV GH $&
RSFLRQDOHV
$/(57$6 $8',%/(6
,QWURGXFFLyQ
,1',&$'25(6
,QWURGXFFLyQ
&21752/(6
&21752/(6
$&&(625,26
$&&(625,26
,QWURGXFFLyQ
$&&(625,26
$&&(625,26
$&&(625,26
$&&(625,26
3UHVLRQH HO ERWyQ ³6HOHFW´ 3UHVLRQH HO ERWyQ ³6HOHFW´ (VWH PRGR QR WLHQH QLQJXQD IXQFLyQ
VHOHFFLRQDU GRV YHFHV SDUD VHOHFFLRQDU WUHV YHFHV SDUD FDPELDU HQ HVWH PRPHQWR \ GHEH LJQRUDUVH
FDPELDU GHO PRGR GH DODUPD HO FXDO DO PRGR GH WLHPSR WUDQVFXUULGR OR TXH
VH LQGLFD SRU HO VtPEROR GH DODUPD VH LQGLFD FRQ ³(7´ HQ OD HVTXLQD LQIHULRU
HQ HO ODGR L]TXLHUGR GH OD SDQWDOOD L]TXLHUGD GH OD SDQWDOOD 3DUHFLGR
/D DODUPD VH HVWDEOHFH GH OD PLVPD DO VtPEROR GH OD DODUPD HO ³(7´ VH
IRUPD TXH OD KRUD GH QXHYR WHQJD HQFLHQGH LQWHUPLWHQWHPHQWH FXDQGR
FXLGDGR GH REVHUYDU HO HVWDGR GHO HO FURQyPHWUR VH DSDJD \ HVWi ¿MR
LQGLFDGRU 30 8WLOLFH HO ERWyQ FXDQGR HO FURQyPHWUR HVWi HQFHQGLGR
³2Q2II´ HQFHQGLGRDSDJDGR SDUD &DPELH HO FURQyPHWUR D HQFHQGLGR \
FDPELDU OD DODUPD GH HQFHQGLGR D DSDJDGR XWLOL]DQGR HO ERWyQ ³2Q2II´
DSDJDGR HQ HVWH PRGR (O VtPEROR GH &XDQGR HO FURQyPHWUR HVWi HQFHQGLGR
DODUPD VH HQFLHQGH LQWHUPLWHQWHPHQWH WDPELpQ DSDUHFH ³(7´ PLHQWUDV HVWi
FXDQGR OD DODUPD HVWi DSDJDGD \ VH HQ PRGR GH UHORM 3DUD UHHVWDEOHFHU HO
PDQWLHQH HQFHQGLGD FXDQGR OD DODUPD WLHPSR WUDQVFXUULGR SUHVLRQH HO ERWyQ
HVWi HQFHQGLGD ´ R HO ERWyQ ³³ FXDQGR HO FURQyPHWUR
HVWi DSDJDGR $ GLIHUHQFLD GH ORV
&XDQGR OD DODUPD HVWi HQFHQGLGD GHPiV PRGRV OD SDQWDOOD SHUPDQHFH
VH GHVSOLHJD HO VtPEROR GH DODUPD HQ PRGR GH WLHPSR WUDQVFXUULGR KDVWD
PLHQWUDV HVWi HQ PRGR GH UHORM 3DUD TXH VH SUHVLRQD HO ERWyQ ³6HOHFW´
DSDJDU OD DODUPD SUHVLRQH HO ERWyQ VHOHFFLRQDU
³6HOHFW´ VHOHFFLRQDU R HO ERWyQ
³2Q2II´ HQFHQGLGRDSDJDGR
$&&(625,26
$&&(625,26
&HQLFHUR $FFHVRULRV
$'9(57(1&,$
1R WHQJD REMHWRV VXHOWRV HQ OD 3DUD DEULU MDOH OD SDUWH VXSHULRU GHO 6L VX .HQZRUWK HVWi HTXLSDGR FRQ
FDELQD SRGUtD VHU SHOLJURVR (Q SDQHO 3DUD FHUUDU HPSXMH KDFLD HO WHOHYLVLyQ UHIULJHUDGRU X RWUR DSDUDWR
FDVR GH XQD SDUDGD UHSHQWLQD R SDQHO HOHFWURGRPpVWLFR DVHJ~UHVH GH TXH
KDVWD LQFOXVR DO SDVDU SRU XQ WRSH VHDQ FRPSDWLEOHV FRQ HO VLVWHPD
GH OD FDUUHWHUD HVWRV SRGUiQ VDOLU
$'9(57(1&,$ HOpFWULFR GHO YHKtFXOR < DVHJ~UHORV HQ
YRODQGR \ JROSHDUOR D XVWHG R D 1R SRQJD SDSHO QL RWUDV VXEVWDQFLDV OD FDELQD SDUD TXH HVWRV QR VH VXHOWHQ
VX SDVDMHUR 3RGUtD OHVLRQDUVH R FRPEXVWLEOHV HQ XQ FHQLFHUR HQ FDVR GH XQD SDUDGD UHSHQWLQD
KDVWD PRULU $VHJXUH WRGRV ORV pVWDV SRGUtDQ RFDVLRQDU XQ
LQFHQGLR 0DQWHQJD WRGRV ORV $'9(57(1&,$
REMHWRV VXHOWRV HQ OD FDELQD DQWHV
GH PRYHU HO YHKtFXOR 7UDQVSRUWH ORV PDWHULDOHV LQÀDPDEOHV D SDUWH GH (Q XQD SDUDGD UHSHQWLQD R HQ
REMHWRV SHVDGRV FRPR HO HTXLSDMH ORV PDWHULDOHV SDUD IXPDU IXHUD XQD FROLVLyQ XQ REMHWR SHVDGR
HQ HO FRPSDUWLPLHQWR GH DOPDFHQDMH GHO FHQLFHUR 6L QR FXPSOH FRQ HQ OD FDELQD SXHGH JROSHDUOR R D
H[WHULRU \ DVHJ~UHOR HVWD DGYHUWHQFLD SXHGH RFDVLRQDU DOJXLHQ TXH HVWp FRQ XVWHG 3RGUtD
OHVLRQHV SHUVRQDOHV OD PXHUWH R OHVLRQDUVH R KDVWD PRULU $VHJXUH
GDxR DO HTXLSR R D OD SURSLHGDG FXDOTXLHU DFFHVRULR FRPR HO UDGLR
UHIULJHUDGRU R 79 TXH DJUHJXH D VX
FDELQD
&$/()$&&,Ï1 < $,5( $&21',&,21$'2
&RQWUROHV GH OD FDOHIDFFLyQ
\ DLUH DFRQGLFLRQDGR
&$/()$&&,Ï1 < $,5( $&21',&,21$'2
&$/()$&&,Ï1 < $,5( $&21',&,21$'2
$'9(57(1&,$
'HPDVLDGR FDORU SXHGH RFDVLRQDU
TXH ORV FRPSRQHQWHV SUHVXUL]DGRV
GHO VLVWHPD GH DLUH DFRQGLFLRQDGR
H[SORWHQ 1XQFD VXHOGH OLPSLH D
YDSRU QL XWLOLFH XQ VRSOHWH FHUFD GH
DOJXQD SDUWH GHO VLVWHPD GH DLUH
DFRQGLFLRQDGR 6L QR FXPSOH FRQ
HVWD DGYHUWHQFLD SXHGH RFDVLRQDU
OHVLRQHV SHUVRQDOHV OD PXHUWH R
GDxR DO HTXLSR R D OD SURSLHGDG
&$/()$&&,Ï1 < $,5( $&21',&,21$'2
&$/()$&&,Ï1 < $,5( $&21',&,21$'2
&$/()$&&,Ï1 < $,5( $&21',&,21$'2
127$
6L QHFHVLWD TXH HO PRWRU IXQFLRQH
D UDOHQWt SRU SHUtRGRV ODUJRV
GH WLHPSR LQVWDOH XQ FDOHIDFWRU
DX[LOLDU R XQ FRQWURO GH UDOHQWt
DXWRPiWLFR (VWRV GLVSRVLWLYRV
DX[LOLDUHV SXHGHQ GLVPLQXLU HO
FRQVXPR GH FRPEXVWLEOH \ DKRUUDU
GLQHUR
127$
6L HVWi HVWDFLRQDGR MXQWR D
RWURV YHKtFXORV IXQFLRQDQGR D
UDOHQWt PXHYD VX YHKtFXOR R QR
SHUPDQH]FD HQ VX YHKtFXOR GXUDQWH
SHUtRGRV SURORQJDGRV GH WLHPSR
&$/()$&&,Ï1 < $,5( $&21',&,21$'2
&RQWUROHV GH OD FDELQD
&$/()$&&,Ï1 < $,5( $&21',&,21$'2
&$/()$&&,Ï1 < $,5( $&21',&,21$'2
&$/()$&&,Ï1 < $,5( $&21',&,21$'2
&$/()$&&,Ï1 < $,5( $&21',&,21$'2
&$/()$&&,Ï1 < $,5( $&21',&,21$'2
$/(57$6 $8',%/(6
$/(57$6 $8',%/(6
,QWURGXFFLyQ
$/(57$6 $8',%/(6
$/(57$6 $8',%/(6
'HVOL]DPLHQWR GH OD TXLQWD UXHGD 5RMR Ɣ HQ OD SiJLQD
$/(57$6 $8',%/(6
$/(57$6 $8',%/(6
$/(57$6 $8',%/(6
$GYHUWHQFLD GH GHVOL]DPLHQWR GH OD
TXLQWD UXHGD
,1',&$'25(6
,1',&$'25(6
,QWURGXFFLyQ
,1',&$'25(6
127$
(Q DOJXQRV FDVRV SXHGH WHQHU XQD
6X YHKtFXOR LQFOX\H OXFHV DODUPD R VRQLGRV GH DGYHUWHQFLD MXQWR
LQGLFDGRUDV HVWiQGDU \ RSFLRQDOHV FRQ OXFHV LQGLFDGRUDV
HQ OD SDQWDOOD GHO FO~VWHU GH
LQVWUXPHQWRV $OJXQRV LQGLFDGRUHV $'9(57(1&,$
GH ODV OXFHV GH DGYHUWHQFLD
RSFLRQDOHV QR IXQFLRQDUiQ D PHQRV 1R LJQRUH QLQJ~Q WLSR GH VRQLGR R
TXH VH KD\D HVSHFL¿FDGR HVD OX] (VWDV VHxDOHV OH LQGLFDQ TXH
DOJR HVWi IDOODQGR HQ VX YHKtFXOR
RSFLyQ HQ HO YHKtFXOR
\ OH SURSRUFLRQDQ XQD LQGLFDFLyQ
GHO VLVWHPD TXH HVWi DIHFWDGR
/RV LQVWUXPHQWRV \ HO WDEOHUR GH VX 3RGUtD VHU XQD IDOOD HQ XQ VLVWHPD
YHKtFXOR XWLOL]DQ YDULRV PpWRGRV SDUD LPSRUWDQWH FRPR ORV IUHQRV OR FXDO
LQGLFDUOH HO HVWDGR GH ORV GLIHUHQWHV OH SRGUtD RFDVLRQDU XQ DFFLGHQWH
VLVWHPDV R SDUD LQGLFDUOH TXH XQR \ OHVLRQHV SHUVRQDOHV OD PXHUWH
R PiV VLVWHPDV GHO YHKtFXOR HVWi GDxR DO HTXLSR R D OD SURSLHGDG
IDOODQGR (O PpWRGR SDUD FRPXQLFDUVH
R DOHUWDUOR VREUH XQ SUREOHPD HQ
SDUWLFXODU HV 5HFXHUGH TXH FDGD SURGXFWR .HQZRUWK
HV SHUVRQDOL]DGR (V SRVLEOH TXH
6RQLGRV GH DODUPD DXGLEOH VX SDQHO GH LQVWUXPHQWRV QR VH YHD
H[DFWDPHQWH LJXDO DO GH OD LOXVWUDFLyQ
7RQRV GH DGYHUWHQFLD DXGLEOHV
/XFHV LQGLFDGRUDV
,1',&$'25(6
(MH FRQWURO GH OD WUDFFLyQ $PDULOOR Ɣ HQ OD SiJLQD
,1',&$'25(6
,1',&$'25(6
,1',&$'25(6
,1',&$'25(6
,1',&$'25(6
(MH GLIHUHQFLDO HQWUH HMHV 6LVWHPD GH IUHQRV DQWLEORTXHR HVWR LQGLFD TXH KD\ XQ SUREOHPD
EORTXHDGR $%6 HQ HO $%6 (VWR GHEH UHYLVDUOR XQ
GLVWULEXLGRU GH .HQZRUWK OR PiV
SURQWR SRVLEOH &RQVXOWH VX 0DQXDO
GHO RSHUDGRU SDUD REWHQHU PiV
LQIRUPDFLyQ VREUH HO 6LVWHPD GH
$6H HQFLHQGH GXUDQWH OD DXWRSUXHED IUHQRV DQWLEORTXHR
GH DFWLYDFLyQ FXDQGR VH HQFLHQGH
6H HQFLHQGH FXDQGR HO LQWHUUXSWRU GHO OD LJQLFLyQ 6H DSDJD GHVSXpV GH &6L VX YHKtFXOR FXHQWD FRQ OD
GLIHUHQFLDO HQWUH HMHV HVWi HQFHQGLGR DOJXQRV VHJXQGRV VL QR VH GHWHFWDQ FDUDFWHUtVWLFD RSFLRQDO GH &RQWURO
GH PDQHUD TXH EORTXHD HO GLIHUHQFLDO SUREOHPDV HQ HO VLVWHPD GH SDWLQDMH GH OD UXHGD OD /X] GH
HQWUH HMHV (VWR DFWLYD ORV GLIHUHQFLDOHV DGYHUWHQFLD $%6 VH HQFLHQGH \
WUDVHUR SRVWHULRU \ WUDVHUR DQWHULRU GH 35(&$8&,Ï1 SHUPDQHFH HQFHQGLGD FXDQGR KD\
LJXDO PDQHUD &XDQGR VH GHVDFWLYD 6L QR VH HQFLHQGH OD OX] GH XQ SUREOHPD HQ HO VLVWHPD $7&
HO LQWHUUXSWRU GLIHUHQFLDO HQWUH HMHV DGYHUWHQFLD GH $%6 GXUDQWH OD (VWR GHEH UHYLVDUOR XQ GLVWULEXLGRU
GHVEORTXHDGR SHUPLWH TXH OD SRWHQFLD DXWRSUXHED GH DFWLYDFLyQ SXHGH GH .HQZRUWK OR PiV SURQWR SRVLEOH
GHO PRWRU ÀX\D D FXDOTXLHUD GH ODV KDEHU XQ SUREOHPD FRQ HO FDEOHDGR &RQVXOWH VX 0DQXDO GHO RSHUDGRU
OODQWDV GH WUDFFLyQ EDViQGRVH HQ HO R OD OX] 'HEH SHGLU TXH UHYLVHQ SDUD REWHQHU PiV LQIRUPDFLyQ VREUH HO
HIHFWR GHO GLIHUHQFLDO OD PD\RUtD KDFLD HVWR OR PiV SURQWR SRVLEOH 6L QR 6LVWHPD GH IUHQRV DQWLEORTXHR
HO GLIHUHQFLDO WUDVHUR SRVWHULRU (VWD FXPSOH FRQ HVWD DGYHUWHQFLD SXHGH
FDUDFWHUtVWLFD HV HVWiQGDU HQ WRGRV ORV SURYRFDU GDxR DO HTXLSR R D OD
HMHV WiQGHP SURSLHGDG
,1',&$'25(6
,1',&$'25(6
,1',&$'25(6
,1',&$'25(6
,1',&$'25(6
,1',&$'25(6
0RWRU DUUDQTXH FRQ pWHU 5HWHQFLyQ HQ EDMDGD $GYHUWHQFLD GH FDPELR GH FDUULO
(DWRQ 8OWUDVKLIW 3OXV /':
,1',&$'25(6
'DU VHUYLFLR D OD WUDQVPLVLyQ )UHQR GHVJDVWDGR 0RWRU YHQWLODGRU
,1',&$'25(6
0RWRU &DOHIDFWRU 0RWRU QLYHO EDMR GHO UHIULJHUDQWH 0RWRU 6REUHPDUFKD
35(&$8&,Ï1
'HEHUi SUHVWDU VHUYLFLR DO YHKtFXOR
SDUD FRUUHJLU HO SUREOHPD SHUR OD
VLWXDFLyQ QR VH GHEH FRQVLGHUDU XQD
HPHUJHQFLD
,1',&$'25(6
0RWRU 5HWDUGDGRU IUHQR 0RWRU 'HWHQHU HO PRWRU 0RWRU (VSHUH SDUD DUUDQFDU
$'9(57(1&,$
(VWR GHEHUi FRQVLGHUDUVH FRPR
XQD HPHUJHQFLD 'HEH GHWHQHU HO
YHKtFXOR GH OD PDQHUD PiV VHJXUD
SRVLEOH \ DSDJDU OD LJQLFLyQ 'HEH
GDU VHUYLFLR DO YHKtFXOR \ FRUUHJLU
HO SUREOHPD DQWHV GH YROYHU D
FRQGXFLUOR 'H QR KDFHUOR SRGUtD
RFDVLRQDU GDxRV JUDYHV DO PRWRU R
SURYRFDU XQ DFFLGHQWH TXH SRGUtD
RFDVLRQDU OHVLRQHV SHUVRQDOHV R OD
PXHUWH
,1',&$'25(6
7HPSHUDWXUD DOWD HQ HO VLVWHPD /XFHV DOWDV 0RGR GH OD ERPED
GH HVFDSH
,1',&$'25(6
7RPD GH IXHU]D 372 %ORTXHR HQWUH HMHV /D FDMD GH YROWHR HVWi KDFLD
DUULED
,1',&$'25(6
,1',&$'25(6
7UDQVPLVLyQ 7HPSHUDWXUD DOWD 6HxDO GH JLUR ,]TXLHUGD 6HxDO GH JLUR 'HUHFKD
GHO DFHLWH
35(&$8&,Ï1
(VWR GHEHUi FRQVLGHUDUVH FRPR
XQD HPHUJHQFLD 'HEH GHWHQHU
HO YHKtFXOR GH OD PDQHUD PiV
VHJXUD SRVLEOH \ DSDJDU OD LJQLFLyQ
'HEH GDU VHUYLFLR DO YHKtFXOR \
FRUUHJLU HO SUREOHPD DQWHV GH
YROYHU D FRQGXFLUOR 'H QR KDFHUOR
SRGUtD RFDVLRQDU JUDYHV GDxRV D OD
WUDQVPLVLyQ
,1',&$'25(6
/X] LQGLFDGRUD GH IDOOD 0,/ $JXD HQ FRPEXVWLEOH :,) 'HVOL]DPLHQWR GH OD TXLQWD UXHGD
127$
1R SDUD H[SRUWDFLyQ
,1',&$'25(6
,1',&$'25(6 < 3$17$//$6
,1',&$'25(6 <
3$17$//$6
,QWURGXFFLyQ
,1',&$'25(6 < 3$17$//$6
,QGLFDGRUHV
7DEOD 6tPERORV GH ORV LQGLFDGRUHV
(MH SUHVLyQ GH DLUH GHO HMH LPSXOVRU 1 1 1 Ɣ HQ OD SiJLQD
,1',&$'25(6 < 3$17$//$6
3ULPDULD
Ɣ
1LYHO GH FRPEXVWLEOH SULPDULR \ VHFXQGDULR VL HVWi HTXLSDGR HQ OD SiJLQD
6HFXQGDULD
Ɣ
3UHVLyQ GH DLUH JHQHUDO 1 1 Ɣ HQ OD SiJLQD
,1',&$'25(6 < 3$17$//$6
3UHVLyQ GH DLUH GHO WDQTXH GH DLUH GHO UHPROTXH Ɣ HQ OD SiJLQD
,1',&$'25(6 < 3$17$//$6
127$
2GyPHWUR
0HGLGRU GH YLDMH 3UHVLRQDU HO ERWyQ GH
UHVWDEOHFLPLHQWR GHO RGyPHWUR GH
/D SDQWDOOD GH /&' HQ OD SDUWH LQIHULRU YLDMH YHFHV HQ PHQRV TXH
(O YHORFtPHWUR LQGLFD OD YHORFLGDG GHO GHO YHORFtPHWUR FRQWLHQH HO RGyPHWUR \ VHJXQGRV FDPELDUi ODV XQLGDGHV
YHKtFXOR HQ PLOODV SRU KRUD PSK \ HQ HO PHGLGRU GH YLDMH DFWXDO GHO RGyPHWUR
NLOyPHWURV SRU KRUD NPK (O FXDGUR
GHO YHORFtPHWUR WDPELpQ LQFOX\H YDULDV (O RGyPHWUR PXHVWUD OD GLVWDQFLD TXH 3DUD UHVWDEOHFHU HO RGyPHWUR GH YLDMH
OXFHV LQGLFDGRUDV \ GH DGYHUWHQFLD VX YHKtFXOR KD UHFRUULGR 6H PRVWUDUi PDQWHQJD SUHVLRQDGR HO ERWyQ GHO
FRQVXOWH $OHUWDV DXGLEOHV HQ OD SiJLQD HQ PLOODV HQ ORV FO~VWHU HQ LQJOpV R HQ FO~VWHU /RV Q~PHURV VH UHVWDEOHFHUiQ
\ HO RGyPHWUR \ PHGLGRU GH YLDMH NLOyPHWURV HQ ORV FOXVWHUV HQ VLVWHPD D \ HPSH]DUi HO QXHYR FRQWHR GH
PpWULFR /D Pi[LPD GLVWDQFLD TXH PLOODVNP GH YLDMH
VH SXHGH PRVWUDU HQ HO RGyPHWUR HV
DQWHV GH TXH YXHOYD D FHUR 3DUD VHOHFFLRQDU XQ YLDMH GLIHUHQWH
FRQVXOWH HO PDQXDO GHO RSHUDGRU GH OD
(O RGyPHWUR GH YLDMH DFWXDO PXHVWUD SDQWDOOD PXOWLIXQFLyQ GH .HQZRUWK
OD GLVWDQFLD TXH VX YHKtFXOR UHFRUULy
HQ XQ YLDMH HQ SDUWLFXODU (O RGyPHWUR
GH YLDMH VH PRVWUDUi HQ PLOODV HQ ORV
FO~VWHU HQ LQJOpV R HQ NLOyPHWURV HQ
ORV FOXVWHUV HQ VLVWHPD PpWULFR HQ
,1',&$'25(6 < 3$17$//$6
,1',&$'25(6 < 3$17$//$6
,1',&$'25(6 < 3$17$//$6
,1',&$'25(6 < 3$17$//$6
,1',&$'25(6 < 3$17$//$6
,1',&$'25(6 < 3$17$//$6
(MH SUHVLyQ GH DLUH GHO HMH WUDVHUR )UHQR SUHVLyQ GH DLUH GH %UDNH6DYHU 3UHVLyQ GH DLUH GH
DSOLFDFLyQ DSOLFDFLyQ VyOR SDUD YHKtFXORV GH
H[SRUWDFLyQ
,1',&$'25(6 < 3$17$//$6
,1',&$'25(6 < 3$17$//$6
,1',&$'25(6 < 3$17$//$6
,1',&$'25(6 < 3$17$//$6
,1',&$'25(6 < 3$17$//$6
0RWRU SUHVLyQ GHO DFHLWH HO PRWRU GHWHQJD HO PRWRU \ LQIRUPDFLyQ GHO IUHQR GH
GHWHUPLQH ODV FDXVDV HVWDFLRQDPLHQWR \ FDPELR GH
WUDQVPLVLyQ
5HYLVH HO PDQXDO GHO IDEULFDQWH
GHO PRWRU SDUD REWHQHU ORV UDQJRV $SDJXH HO PRWRU
GH SUHVLyQ GH DFHLWH FRUUHFWRV (QFLHQGD ODV OXFHV LQWHUPLWHQWHV
SDUD HO PRWRU GH VX YHKtFXOR GH HPHUJHQFLD \ XWLOLFH RWURV
6L OD SUHVLyQ GH DFHLWH EDMD GLVSRVLWLYRV GH DGYHUWHQFLD
UHSHQWLQDPHQWH R VL VH DFWLYD OD SDUD SRQHU VREUH DYLVR D RWURV
(V LPSRUWDQWH PDQWHQHU OD SUHVLyQ GHO FRQGXFWRUHV
DODUPD \ OD OX] GH DGYHUWHQFLD
DFHLWH GHQWUR GH ORV OtPLWHV DFHSWDEOHV GH OD SUHVLyQ GH DFHLWH GHO PRWRU (VSHUH XQRV PLQXWRV SDUD SHUPLWLU
6L OD SUHVLyQ GHO DFHLWH HVWi SRU GHEDMR PLHQWUDV HVWi FRQGXFLHQGR TXH HO DFHLWH GUHQH HQ HO UHFLSLHQWH
GH SVL PtQLPD VH HQFHQGHUi XQD OX] SURFHGD GH OD VLJXLHQWH PDQHUD GH DFHLWH GHO PRWRU \ OXHJR UHYLVH
GH DGYHUWHQFLD URMD HQ HO LQGLFDGRU VH HO QLYHO GH DFHLWH &RQVXOWH HO
HQFHQGHUi OD OX] GH GHWHQHU HO PRWRU \ %DMH OD YHORFLGDG FRQ FXLGDGR
0DQXDO GHO RSHUDGRU HQ 5HYLVLyQ
VRQDUi OD DODUPD 0XpYDVH D XQ OXJDU VHJXUR IXHUD GHO QLYHO GH DFHLWH SDUD REWHQHU
GH OD FDUUHWHUD \ GHWpQJDVH GHWDOOHV VREUH FyPR UHYLVDU HO
35(&$8&,Ï1 QLYHO GH DFHLWH
&RORTXH OD WUDQVPLVLyQ HQ
6L VLJXH RSHUDQGR VX YHKtFXOR HVWDFLRQDPLHQWR \ DSOLTXH ORV $JUHJXH DFHLWH VL IXHUD QHFHVDULR
FRQ SUHVLyQ GH DFHLWH LQVX¿FLHQWH IUHQRV GH HVWDFLRQDPLHQWR 6L HO SUREOHPD FRQWLQ~D
SURYRFDUi GDxRV JUDYHV DO PRWRU &RQVXOWHHO 0DQXDO GHO FRPXQtTXHVH FRQ XQ GLVWULEXLGRU
RSHUDGRU HQ 9iOYXOD GH DXWRUL]DGR GH .HQZRUWK
6L OD SUHVLyQ GH DFHLWH QR VXEH IUHQR GH HVWDFLRQDPLHQWR
GHQWUR GH ORV VLJXLHQWHV \ )XQFLRQDPLHQWR GH OD 3DUD REWHQHU PiV LQIRUPDFLyQ VREUH
VHJXQGRV GH KDEHU DUUDQFDGR WUDQVPLVLyQ SDUD REWHQHU ODV SUHVLRQHV GH IXQFLRQDPLHQWR
,1',&$'25(6 < 3$17$//$6
QRUPDO \ HO DFHLWH GHO PRWRU FRQVXOWH 0RWRU 7HPSHUDWXUD GHO DFHLWH 0RWRU SLUyPHWUR VyOR SDUD
HO 0DQXDO GH IXQFLRQDPLHQWR \ YHKtFXORV GH H[SRUWDFLyQ
PDQWHQLPLHQWR GHO PRWRU
,1',&$'25(6 < 3$17$//$6
SDUD REWHQHU LQIRUPDFLyQ VREUH GH OD WHPSHUDWXUD Pi[LPD SRGUtD 3UHVLyQ GH UHVWULFFLyQ GHO ¿OWUR
ODV WHPSHUDWXUDV Pi[LPDV VHU XQD VHxDO DQWLFLSDGD GH SRVLEOHV GH FRPEXVWLEOH
UHFRPHQGDGDV SUREOHPDV HQ HO PRWRU
,1',&$'25(6 < 3$17$//$6
3ULPDULD
,1',&$'25(6 < 3$17$//$6
,1',&$'25(6 < 3$17$//$6
3UHVLyQ GH DLUH JHQHUDO 1 7HPSHUDWXUD GHO DFHLWH HQ 3UHVLyQ GHO GLVWULEXLGRU
1 JHQHUDO 5HIXHU]R WXUER
3UHVLyQ GH DLUH JHQHUDO 1 /RV LQGLFDGRUHV GH WHPSHUDWXUD (O PDQyPHWUR GHO GLVWULEXLGRU LQGLFD OD
GHO DFHLWH JHQHUDO VH XWLOL]DQ SDUD SRWHQFLD TXH HO PRWRU GHO YHKtFXOR HVWi
ODV DSOLFDFLRQHV GH FRPSRQHQWHV SURGXFLHQGR \ PXHVWUD OD FDQWLGDG GH
LQVWDODGRV SRU HO FOLHQWH UHIXHU]R GHO WXUER 6L OD SUHVLyQ TXH
LQGLFD HO PDQyPHWUR GHO GLVWULEXLGRU
EDMD SRGUtD KDEHU XQ SUREOHPD HQ
HO PRWRU 3LGD TXH XQD SHUVRQD
FDSDFLWDGD GH VHUYLFLR OR UHYLVH
3UHVLyQ GH DLUH JHQHUDO 1
,1',&$'25(6 < 3$17$//$6
127$
6L OD SUHVLyQ HQ XQR R DPERV
3UHVLyQ GH DLUH VHFXQGDULD FLUFXLWRV EDMD GH SVL VH
HQFHQGHUi XQD OX] GH DGYHUWHQFLD
(O LQGLFDGRU GH SUHVLyQ GH DLUH SULPDULR URMD HQ HO LQGLFDGRU \ VRQDUi XQ WRQR
LQGLFD OD SUHVLyQ GHO VLVWHPD GH IUHQRV GH DODUPD DXGLEOH FXDQGR HO PRWRU
WUDVHURV (O LQGLFDGRU VHFXQGDULR HVWp IXQFLRQDQGR
LQGLFD OD SUHVLyQ HQ HO VLVWHPD GH
IUHQRV GHODQWHURV &DGD LQGLFDGRU
,1',&$'25(6 < 3$17$//$6
,1',&$'25(6 < 3$17$//$6
6L OD OX] \ OD DODUPD QR VH DSDJDQ 3UHVLyQ GHO DLUH GH FDUJD GH OD EROVDV GH DLUH GH OD VXVSHQVLyQ
DO DUUDQFDU QR LQWHQWH FRQGXFLU HO VXVSHQVLyQ 1 1 QHXPiWLFD
YHKtFXOR KDVWD TXH VH KD\D HQFRQWUDGR
\ UHSDUDGR HO SUREOHPD &RQVXOWH HO
0DQXDO GHO RSHUDGRU HQ &yPR XWLOL]DU
HO VLVWHPD GH IUHQRV SDUD REWHQHU
PiV LQIRUPDFLyQ VREUH ORV IUHQRV
3UHVLyQ GHO DLUH GH FDUJD GH OD
VXVSHQVLyQ 1
,1',&$'25(6 < 3$17$//$6
3UHVLyQ GH DLUH GH DSOLFDFLyQ GHO 3UHVLyQ GH DLUH GH DSOLFDFLyQ GHO
&XDQGR HO YHKtFXOR HVWi HTXLSDGR IUHQR GHO WUDFWRU IUHQR GHO WUDFWRU
FRQ XQ VHJXQGR LQGLFDGRU GH SUHVLyQ
GHO DLUH GH FDUJD GH OD VXVSHQVLyQ HO
LQGLFDGRU 1 LQGLFD OD SUHVLyQ GH
DLUH HQ ODV EROVDV GH DLUH ODWHUDOHV GHO
FRQGXFWRU (O LQGLFDGRU 1 LQGLFD OD
SUHVLyQ GH DLUH HQ ODV EROVDV GH DLUH
ODWHUDOHV GHO SDVDMHUR
(O LQGLFDGRU GH SUHVLyQ GH DLUH GH OD (O LQGLFDGRU GH SUHVLyQ GH DLUH GH
DSOLFDFLyQ GHO IUHQR GHO WUDFWRU LQGLFD DSOLFDFLyQ GH ORV IUHQRV GHO UHPROTXH
OD FDQWLGDG GH SUHVLyQ GH DLUH DSOLFDGD LQGLFD OD FDQWLGDG GH SUHVLyQ GH DLUH
D ORV IUHQRV GHO WUDFWRU DSOLFDGD D ORV IUHQRV GHO UHPROTXH
GXUDQWH DSOLFDFLRQHV GH OD YiOYXOD GH
127$ FRQWURO GHO IUHQR PDQXDO R YiOYXOD GH
(VWH LQGLFDGRU HVWDUi LQFOXLGR SHGDO GHO IUHQR
FXDQGR VH RUGHQH HO LQGLFDGRU GH
SUHVLyQ GH DLUH GH DSOLFDFLyQ GH ORV
IUHQRV GHO UHPROTXH
,1',&$'25(6 < 3$17$//$6
3UHVLyQ GH DLUH GHO WDQTXH GH 7HPSHUDWXUD GHO DFHLWH GH OD 7HPSHUDWXUD GH DFHLWH GH OD
DLUH GHO UHPROTXH FDMD GH WUDQVIHUHQFLD WUDQVPLVLyQ
(O LQGLFDGRU GH SUHVLyQ GH DLUH GHO (O LQGLFDGRU GH WHPSHUDWXUD GHO (O LQGLFDGRU GH WHPSHUDWXUD GHO DFHLWH
WDQTXH GH DLUH GHO UHPROTXH LQGLFD DFHLWH GH OD FDMD GH WUDQVIHUHQFLD OD WUDQVPLVLyQ SULQFLSDO PXHVWUD
OD FDQWLGDG GH SUHVLyQ GH DLUH HQ HO LQGLFD OD WHPSHUDWXUD GHO DFHLWH OD WHPSHUDWXUD GHO DFHLWH HQ OD
WDQTXH GH DLUH GHO IUHQR GH UHPROTXH GH OD FDMD GH WUDQVIHUHQFLD 6L OD WUDQVPLVLyQ
WHPSHUDWXUD GHO DFHLWH VXSHUD HO OtPLWH
Pi[LPR VH HQFHQGHUi XQD OX] GH 127$
DGYHUWHQFLD URMD HQ HO LQGLFDGRU 1R 2EVHUYH HVWH LQGLFDGRU SDUD VDEHU
VREUHSDVH OD WHPSHUDWXUD Pi[LPD FXiQGR VH HVWi VREUHFDOHQWDQGR OD
GHO DFHLWH UHFRPHQGDGD SRU HO WUDQVPLVLyQ
IDEULFDQWH &RQVXOWH HO0DQXDO GH
IXQFLRQDPLHQWR \ PDQWHQLPLHQWR GH
1R VREUHSDVH OD WHPSHUDWXUD Pi[LPD
OD FDMD GH WUDQVIHUHQFLD SDUD REWHQHU
GHO DFHLWH UHFRPHQGDGD SRU HO
PiV GHWDOOHV
IDEULFDQWH &RQVXOWH HO0DQXDO GH
IXQFLRQDPLHQWR \ PDQWHQLPLHQWR GH
,1',&$'25(6 < 3$17$//$6
OD WUDQVPLVLyQ SDUD REWHQHU PiV 7HPSHUDWXUD GH DFHLWH GH OD OD WUDQVPLVLyQ SDUD REWHQHU PiV
GHWDOOHV WUDQVPLVLyQ GHWDOOHV
(O LQGLFDGRU GH WHPSHUDWXUD GHO
DFHLWH OD WUDQVPLVLyQ DX[LOLDU PXHVWUD
OD WHPSHUDWXUD GHO DFHLWH HQ OD
WUDQVPLVLyQ DX[LOLDU
127$
2EVHUYH HVWH LQGLFDGRU SDUD VDEHU
FXiQGR VH HVWi VREUHFDOHQWDQGR OD
WUDQVPLVLyQ
,1',&$'25(6 < 3$17$//$6
,1',&$'25(6 < 3$17$//$6
,1',&$'25(6 < 3$17$//$6
$'9(57(1&,$
/DV DOHUWDV DO FRQGXFWRU GHO &UXFHUR
DFWLYR GH %HQGL[ :LQJPDQ FRQ
IUHQRV $&% QR OH DGYHUWLUiQ
WRGRV ORV SHOLJURV SRWHQFLDOHV
6L QR DSDUHFH QLQJXQD VHxDO GH
DGYHUWHQFLD QR DVXPD TXH ³WRGR
HVWi GHVSHMDGR´
,1',&$'25(6 < 3$17$//$6
$'9(57(1&,$ $'9(57(1&,$
6L QR FXPSOH FRQ HVWD DGYHUWHQFLD 6L QR FXPSOH FRQ HVWD DGYHUWHQFLD
SXHGH RFDVLRQDU OHVLRQHV SXHGH RFDVLRQDU OHVLRQHV
SHUVRQDOHV OD PXHUWH R GDxR DO SHUVRQDOHV OD PXHUWH R GDxR DO
HTXLSR R D OD SURSLHGDG HTXLSR R D OD SURSLHGDG
,1',&$'25(6 < 3$17$//$6
&DPELRV GH FRQ¿JXUDFLyQ
GHO YHKtFXOR/LPLWDFLRQHV \ $'9(57(1&,$ $'9(57(1&,$
OLQHDPLHQWRV $JUHJDU GLVSRVLWLYRV GH 6H DOLQHy HO UDGDU GHODQWHUR GH
FRPXQLFDFLyQ GH EXV GH GDWRV DFXHUGR FRQ ORV OLQHDPLHQWRV GH
(O SRVLFLRQDPLHQWR GH ORV GLYHUVRV
HTXLSDGRV FRQ 6$( - WHQGUi LQVWDODFLyQ GH %HQGL[ 6L VXIUH
FRPSRQHQWHV GHO &UXFHUR DFWLYR
HO SRWHQFLDO GH LQWHUUXPSLU RWURV XQ DFFLGHQWH HQ HO TXH FROLVLRQD
GH %HQGL[ :LQJPDQ FRQ IUHQRV
FRPSRQHQWHV GH GDWRV 6$( OD GHIHQVD GHODQWHUD R VH GDxD OD
$&% HVWi GLVHxDGR SDUD VX
- LQFOX\HQGR SHUR VLQ DOLQHDFLyQ GHO UDGDU WHQGUi TXH
YHKtFXOR $QWHV GH DJUHJDU
OLPLWDUVH D FRQWUROHV GHO PRWRU UHYLVDUOR \ DMXVWDUOR DQWHV GH OOHYDU
FXDOTXLHU GLVSRVLWLYR HTXLSDGR
WUDQVPLVLRQHV \ &UXFHUR DFWLYR HO YHKtFXOR D VHUYLFLR .HQZRUWK
FRQ 6$( - R GH FDPELDU OD
GH %HQGL[ :LQJPDQ FRQ IUHQRV UHFRPLHQGD HQIiWLFDPHQWH TXH
DOWXUD GHO FKDVLV GHO YHKtFXOR R GH
$&% 1R XWLOLFH QLQJ~Q GLVSRVLWLYR VL FROLVLRQy OD SDUWH GHODQWHUD
UHXELFDU ORV VHQVRUHV GH &UXFHUR
DGLFLRQDO HTXLSDGR FRQ 6$( - GH VX YHKtFXOR OR OOHYH D XQ
DFWLYR GH %HQGL[ :LQJPDQ
&XDOTXLHU GLVSRVLWLYR HTXLSDGR FRQ WDOOHU GHO GLVWULEXLGRU DXWRUL]DGR
FRQ IUHQRV $&% FRPXQtTXHVH
6$( - QR DXWRUL]DGR R QR GH .HQZRUWK SDUD TXH UHYLVH
FRQ VX GLVWULEXLGRU DXWRUL]DGR
FHUWL¿FDGR TXH VH KD\D DJUHJDGR HO VLVWHPD 1R KDFHUOR SXHGH
GH .HQZRUWK PiV FHUFDQR
DO YHKtFXOR SXHGH RFDVLRQDU RFDVLRQDU OD GHJUDGDFLyQ GHO
SDUD DVHJXUDUVH GH TXH VXV
GH¿FLHQFLDV HQ HO HQODFH GH UHQGLPLHQWR GHO VLVWHPD 6L QR
FDPELRV SODQL¿FDGRV QR DIHFWHQ
FRPXQLFDFLyQ GH 6$( - 6L QR FXPSOH FRQ HVWD DGYHUWHQFLD SXHGH
HO IXQFLRQDPLHQWR GHO UHQGLPLHQWR
FXPSOH FRQ HVWD DGYHUWHQFLD SXHGH RFDVLRQDU OHVLRQHV SHUVRQDOHV OD
GHO VLVWHPD GH &UXFHUR DFWLYR
RFDVLRQDU OHVLRQHV SHUVRQDOHV OD PXHUWH R GDxR DO HTXLSR R D OD
%HQGL[ :LQJPDQ FRQ IUHQRV
PXHUWH R GDxR DO HTXLSR R D OD SURSLHGDG
$&% 3DUD REWHQHU LQIRUPDFLyQ
SURSLHGDG
DGLFLRQDO SXHGH FRPXQLFDUVH FRQ
HO (TXLSR WpFQLFR GH %HQGL[ DO
$,5%5$.
,1',&$'25(6 < 3$17$//$6
$'9(57(1&,$
/D XELFDFLyQ \ DOWXUD GH OD SRVLFLyQ
GHO VHQVRU ODWHUDO \ GHO UDGDU
GHODQWHUR GHO &UXFHUR DFWLYR GH
%HQGL[ :LQJPDQ FRQ IUHQRV
$&% VH GLVHxy HVSHFt¿FDPHQWH
SDUD VX YHKtFXOR GH DFXHUGR FRQ
ORV UHTXHULPLHQWRV %HQGL[ /D
HOHYDFLyQ \ OD XELFDFLyQ GHO UDGDU \
GHO VHQVRU ODWHUDO VRQ LPSRUWDQWHV
SDUD HO IXQFLRQDPLHQWR FRUUHFWR GHO
VLVWHPD &XDOTXLHU PRGL¿FDFLyQ
TXH VH UHDOLFH D OD DOWXUD GHO FKDVLV
GHO YHKtFXOR R D OD XELFDFLyQ GHO
VHQVRU ODWHUDO LQFOX\HQGR SHUR VLQ
OLPLWDUVH D FDPELRV HQ HO UDGLR GH
ODV OODQWDV GHEHUi VHU DSUREDGD
SRU %HQGL[ &XDOTXLHU PRGL¿FDFLyQ
TXH DIHFWD OD XELFDFLyQ GHO UDGDU
\ VHQVRU ODWHUDO SXHGH RFDVLRQDU
OD GHJUDGDFLyQ GHO UHQGLPLHQWR
GHO VLVWHPD 6L QR FXPSOH FRQ
HVWD DGYHUWHQFLD SXHGH RFDVLRQDU
OHVLRQHV SHUVRQDOHV OD PXHUWH R
GDxR DO HTXLSR R D OD SURSLHGDG
3$17$//$ 08/7,)81&,Ï1
3$17$//$ 08/7,)81&,Ï1
3$17$//$ 08/7,)81&,Ï1
3$17$//$ 08/7,)81&,Ï1
3$17$//$ 08/7,)81&,Ï1
3$17$//$ 08/7,)81&,Ï1
3$17$//$ 08/7,)81&,Ï1
3$17$//$ 08/7,)81&,Ï1
$OHUWD GH IDOOD
3$17$//$ 08/7,)81&,Ï1
3$17$//$ 08/7,)81&,Ï1
3$17$//$ 08/7,)81&,Ï1
3$17$//$ 08/7,)81&,Ï1
3$17$//$ 08/7,)81&,Ï1
3$17$//$ 08/7,)81&,Ï1
3$17$//$ 08/7,)81&,Ï1
3$17$//$ 08/7,)81&,Ï1
7UDQVPLVLyQ $%6 &DPLyQ R 6DOLU OR OOHYDUi GH UHJUHVR D OD YLxHWD LQGLFDUOH DO FRQGXFWRU TXH KDJD XQ
)LOWUR GH KROOtQ GHO PHQ~ GH GLDJQyVWLFR \ KDFHU FOLF FDPELR DVFHQGHQWH R GHVFHQGHQWH
HQ FXDOTXLHUD GH ORV RWURV SURGXFWRV
GHVSOHJDUi XQ PHQVDMH GH GLDJQyVWLFR , 3DQWDOOD GH PDQHMR GH FRQWURO
GHO YHKtFXOR GH YHORFLGDG 6ROR WUDQVPLVLRQHV
DXWRPDWL]DGDV
+ 3DQWDOOD GH OD WUDQVPLVLyQ 6ROR
WUDQVPLVLRQHV DXWRPDWL]DGDV
127$
&RQVXOWH HO 0DQXDO GHO RSHUDGRU
7UDQVPLVLyQ $XWRPiWLFD SDUD
REWHQHU XQD GHVFULSFLyQ FRPSOHWD ,QGLFDGRU GH FDPELRV DVFHQGHQWHV
GH ORV VtPERORV GH ÀHFKD PLHQWUDV TXH VH HQFXHQWUD HQ
OD 3DQWDOOD GH HQJUDQDMH GH OD
WUDQVPLVLyQ FRQ 7UDQVPLVLRQHV
DXWRFDPELDEOHV R XOWUDFDPELDEOHV
3$17$//$ 08/7,)81&,Ï1
6DOLU
(VWD SDQWDOOD GHO PHQ~ GH
FRQ¿JXUDFLyQ OH SHUPLWH DO FRQGXFWRU
YHU R FDPELDU ORV VLJXLHQWHV SURGXFWRV
GHO PHQ~
3$17$//$ 08/7,)81&,Ï1
3$17$//$ 08/7,)81&,Ï1
3$17$//$ 08/7,)81&,Ï1
3$17$//$ 08/7,)81&,Ï1
'HVSOiFHVH D +/ :LSHU IDUR *LUH HO 0&6 DO PHQ~ GH 6HWWLQJV $O DFWLYDUOR FRQ 0&6 DSDUHFH
3UXHED
OLPSLDSDUDEULVDV \ VHOHFFLyQHOR DO FRQ¿JXUDFLRQHV 3UHVLRQH HO GH OD OX] DQWHV GHO YLDMH DFWLYD
HQ
SUHVLRQDU 0&6 0&6 OD SDQWDOOD PXOWLIXQFLyQ \ YROYHUi D
3UHVLRQH 0&6 SDUD DOWHUQDU &XDQGR VH HQFXHQWUH HQ HO PHQ~ DSDUHFHU SHULyGLFDPHQWH PLHQWUDV
D OD FRQ¿JXUDFLyQ GH GH FRQ¿JXUDFLyQ GHVSOiFHVH OD SUXHED HVWi DFWLYD /D SUXHED
HQFHQGLGRDSDJDGR GHVHDGD D OR ODUJR GH OD OLVWD GHO PHQ~ HQFHQGHUi ODV OXFHV VLJXLHQWHV
GH SURGXFWRV D 8QLGDGHV /X] 6HFXHQFLD
&XDQGR HVWi HVWDEOHFLGR HQ
21
3$17$//$ 08/7,)81&,Ï1
(VWDFLRQDPLHQWR
/XFHV GH VHxDO GH
JLURSHOLJUR
,17(5583725(6
,17(5583725(6
,QWURGXFFLyQ
,17(5583725(6
,17(5583725(6
,17(5583725(6
,17(5583725(6
Ɣ &RQVXOWH6XVSHQVLyQ GHVFDUJD HQ OD
6XVSHQVLyQ GHVFDUJD ÈPEDU SiJLQD
,17(5583725(6
,17(5583725(6
(MH FRQWURO DXWRPiWLFR GH OD %ORTXHR GHO GLIHUHQFLDO GHO HMH %ORTXHR GHO GLIHUHQFLDO GHO HMH ±
WUDFFLyQ GREOH WUDVHUR DQWHULRU
3UHVLRQH PRPHQWiQHDPHQWH HO (QFLHQGD HO LQWHUUXSWRU SDUD DFRSODU (QFLHQGD HO LQWHUUXSWRU SDUD DFRSODU
LQWHUUXSWRU SDUD DFRSODU HO FRQWURO GH HO EORTXHR GHO GLIHUHQFLDO GHO HMH HO EORTXHR GHO GLIHUHQFLDO GHO HMH
OD WUDFFLyQ 7& WUDVHUR \ GHODQWHUR WUDVHUR DQWHULRU
,17(5583725(6
%ORTXHR GHO GLIHUHQFLDO GHO HMH YROWDMH EDMR /9' HO PyGXOR /9' VH
GHODQWHUR (MH GRV YHORFLGDGHV HQFXHQWUD DGHQWUR GHO SDQHO ODWHUDO
(QFLHQGD HO LQWHUUXSWRU SDUD DFRSODU 6L HVWi HTXLSDGR HO LQWHUUXSWRU GHO
HO EORTXHR GHO GLIHUHQFLDO GHO HMH HMH GH GRV YHORFLGDGHV OH SHUPLWH
LQIHULRU GHO FRQGXFWRU
GHODQWHUR VHOHFFLRQDU ORV UDQJRV EDMR \ DOWR
GHO HMH (O UDQJR EDMR DSDJDGR 127$
%ORTXHR GHO GLIHUHQFLDO GHO HMH VXPLQLVWUD HO Pi[LPR WRUTXH SDUD
WUDVHUR SRVWHULRU HO IXQFLRQDPLHQWR IXHUD GH ODV /RV GRUPLWRULRV $HURFDE GH
(QFLHQGD HO LQWHUUXSWRU SDUD DFRSODU FDUUHWHUDV (O UDQJR DOWR HQFHQGLGR SXOJDGDV WLHQHQ XQ /9' DGLFLRQDO
HO EORTXHR GHO GLIHUHQFLDO GHO HMH HV XQD YHORFLGDG PiV UiSLGD SDUD
YHORFLGDGHV GH FDUUHWHUD
XELFDGR \D VHD HQ HO SDQHO GH
WUDVHUR SRVWHULRU
IXVLEOHV GHO GRUPLWRULR R DGHQWUR
%ORTXHR GHO GLIHUHQFLDO GHO HMH 6LOHQFLDGRU GH OD DODUPD GH GH OD FDMD GH KHUUDPLHQWDV GHO
WUDVHUR VLPSOH UHYHUVD GRUPLWRULR
(QFLHQGD HO LQWHUUXSWRU SDUD DFRSODU (QFLHQGD HO LQWHUUXSWRU SDUD VLOHQFLDU
HO EORTXHR GHO GLIHUHQFLDO GHO HMH OD DODUPD GH UHYHUVD
WUDVHUR VLPSOH 2EMHWLYR
,17(5583725(6
,17(5583725(6
,17(5583725(6
,17(5583725(6
,17(5583725(6
,17(5583725(6
,17(5583725(6
,17(5583725(6
,17(5583725(6
,17(5583725(6
%DMR HVWD FRQGLFLyQ HO FRQWURODGRU GHO UHPROTXH ([LVWHQ ODV FLQFR OXFHV
VLVWHPD DFWLYD DXWRPiWLFDPHQWH ODV 35(&$8&,Ï1 FRORU iPEDU HQ OD SDUWH VXSHULRU GH
OXFHV DOWDV SHUR ORV IDURV IXQFLRQDQ 6L KD FRQ¿UPDGR TXH KD\ XQ OD FDELQD ODV OXFHV GHODQWHUDV GHO
FRQ LQWHQVLGDG UHGXFLGD 'HVSXpV SUREOHPD HQ HO FDEOHDGR GHO UHPROTXH \ ODV OXFHV URMDV WUDVHUDV GHO
GH VHJXQGR GH GHWHFWDU OD IDOOD OD FLUFXLWR GH OD OX] EDMD SURFHGD FDPLyQUHPROTXH
XQLGDG GH FRQWURO LQWHQWDUi DFWLYDU GH FRQ SUHFDXFLyQ D OD SUy[LPD
QXHYR ODV OXFHV EDMDV GH ORV IDURV 6L VDOLGDUHWRUQR GLVSRQLEOH \ VDTXH 127$
OD IDOOD QR VH ERUUD GHVSXpV GH FLQFR SRU FRPSOHWR VX YHKtFXOR GH OD 8Q LQWHUUXSWRU GH ODV OXFHV
LQWHQWRV ORV IDURV SHUPDQHFHUiQ FRQ FDUUHWHUD SDUD VROLFLWDU D\XGD LQGLFDGRUDV GHO UHPROTXH HVWiQ
OX] DOWD LQWHQVLGDG UHGXFLGD KDVWD
6L FRQGXFH VX YHKtFXOR FRQ ORV PRQWDGDV HQ HO H[WUHPR GH OD
TXH VH DSDJXH HO LQWHUUXSWRU GHO IDUR IDURV HQ OX] DOWD D LQWHQVLGDG SDODQFD GH OD VHxDO GH JLUR
UHGXFLGD GXUDQWH XQ SHUtRGR GH
&RUUHFFLyQ 5HYLVH DPERV IXVLEOHV GHO WLHPSR SURORQJDGR SRGUtD FDXVDU /XFHV
IDUR GH OX] EDMD TXH VH HQFXHQWUDQ HQ XQ DFFLGHQWH &RPXQtTXHVH FRQ LQGLFDGRUDVVHSDUDFLyQFDELQD
OD FDMD GH GLVWULEXFLyQ GH HQHUJtD VX DJHQWH GLVWULEXLGRU .HQZRUWK (QFLHQGD HO LQWHUUXSWRU SDUD FRQWURODU
ODV OXFHV LQGLFDGRUDVVHSDUDFLyQ GH
6L HQFXHQWUD XQ IXVLEOH TXHPDGR PiV FHUFDQR SDUD TXH OH FRUULMDQ HO OD FDELQD LQGHSHQGLHQWHPHQWH GHO
SUREOHPD OR PiV SURQWR SRVLEOH UHPROTXH
UHHPSOiFHOR FRQ XQ IXVLEOH GHO
PLVPR DPSHUDMH \ SUXHEH GH
/XFHV LQGLFDGRUDVVHSDUDFLyQ
QXHYR ORV IDURV
(QFLHQGD HO LQWHUUXSWRU SDUD FRQWURODU /XFHV
ODV OXFHV LQGLFDGRUDVVHSDUDFLyQ GHO LQGLFDGRUDVVHSDUDFLyQUHPROTXH
6L HO IXVLEOH VH YXHOYH D TXHPDU YHKtFXOR \ FDELQD (QFLHQGD HO LQWHUUXSWRU SDUD FRQWURODU
FRPXQtTXHVH FRQ VX GLVWULEXLGRU ODV OXFHV LQGLFDGRUDVVHSDUDFLyQ GHO
.HQZRUWK PiV FHUFDQR SDUD 8Q LQWHUUXSWRU VHSDUDGR FHUFD GHO UHPROTXH LQGHSHQGLHQWHPHQWH GH
SURSRUFLRQDUOH VHUYLFLR ODV OXFHV LQGLFDGRUDVVHSDUDFLyQ GHO
LQWHUUXSWRU GHO IDUR HQFLHQGH ODV YHKtFXOR
OXFHV LQGLFDGRUDV GH OD FDELQD \ GHO
,17(5583725(6
,17(5583725(6
,17(5583725(6
&2/801$ '( ',5(&&,Ï1
&2/801$ '( ',5(&&,Ï1
/X] DOWD
127$ 35(&$8&,Ï1
6L ODV VHxDOHV GH JLUR \ ORV &XDQGR KD\D FUX]DGR DSDJXH HO 127$
LQGLFDGRUHV GH VHxDO GH JLUR GHO VLVWHPD UHJUHVDQGR OD SDODQFD D /RV IDURV GHEHQ HVWDU HQ
YHKtFXOR GHO FO~VWHU GH LQGLFDGRUHV OD SRVLFLyQ GH ³2))´ DSDJDGR (1&(1','26 SDUD TXH IXQFLRQH
GHO WDEOHUR HPSLH]DQ D HQFHQGHUVH FHQWUR /D DFFLyQ GH OD SDODQFD HO LQWHUUXSWRU GH OX] DOWD
LQWHUPLWHQWHPHQWH D XQD YHORFLGDG GHO LQWHUUXSWRU 12 VH FDQFHOD
GH DFHOHUDFLyQ FLFORV SRU DXWRPiWLFDPHQWH 6L QR VH 3DUD FDPELDU OD OX] GH VXV IDURV
PLQXWR FXDQGR OD SDODQFD GH OD GHVDFWLYD OD VHxDO GH JLUR RWURV GHODQWHURV GH EDMDV D DOWDV MDOH
VHxDO GH JLUR HVWp HQ OD SRVLFLyQ FRQGXFWRUHV VH SXHGHQ FRQIXQGLU FXLGDGRVDPHQWH OD SDODQFD GH
2)) DSDJDGD FHQWUDO R FXDQGR \ SURYRFDU XQ DFFLGHQWH 8QD VHxDO GH JLUR KDFLD HO YRODQWH
VH KD\D VHOHFFLRQDGR OD VHxDO GH OX] LQGLFDGRUD HQ HO WDEOHUR KDVWD TXH HVFXFKH XQ FOLF GHO
JLUR GHUHFKDL]TXLHUGD HO SUREOHPD GH LQVWUXPHQWRV VH HQFHQGHUi LQWHUUXSWRU \ OD OX] FDPELH /D OX]
SXHGH GHEHUVH D TXH IDOOy XQ LQWHUPLWHQWHPHQWH KDVWD TXH VH D]XO GHO LQGLFDGRU GHO WDEOHUR GH
PyGXOR GH VHxDO GH JLUR R XQ GHVDFWLYH OD VHxDO GH JLUR LQVWUXPHQWRV HVWDUi (1&(1','$
LQWHUUXSWRU GH VHxDO GH JLUR (Q FXDQGR OD OX] DOWD HVWp HQ XVR
FXDOTXLHUD GH ORV GRV FDVRV HO
SUREOHPD QR HV XQD IDOOD GH OD 3DUD UHJUHVDU D OD OX] SUHYLD
ERPELOOD &RPXQtTXHVH FRQ VX MDOH GH QXHYR OD SDODQFD KDFLD HO
DJHQWH GLVWULEXLGRU DXWRUL]DGR PiV YRODQWH
FHUFDQR GH .HQZRUWK SDUD TXH OH 3DUD HQFHQGHU
FRUULMDQ HO SUREOHPD OR PiV SURQWR PRPHQWiQHDPHQWH VXV IDURV
SRVLEOH HQFHQGLHQGR ODV OXFHV DOWDV
SUHVLRQH OD SDODQFD GH VHxDO GH
JLUR KDFLD DGHODQWH
&2/801$ '( ',5(&&,Ï1
,QWHUUXSWRU GHO
127$ OLPSLDSDUDEULVDVODYDSDUDEULVDV
1R SXHGH HQFHQGHU
PRPHQWiQHDPHQWH ORV IDURV 6X YHKtFXOR .HQZRUWK HVWi HTXLSDGR
FXDQGR ODV OXFHV DOWDV HVWiQ FRQ XQ VLVWHPD GH OLPSLDSDUDEULVDV
HQFHQGLGDV /RV IDURV VH LQWHUPLWHQWH GH GRV YHORFLGDGHV 8Q
HQFHQGHUiQ LQWHUPLWHQWHPHQWH LQWHUUXSWRU JLUDWRULR GH OLPSLDSDUDEULVDV
VL HVWiQ DSDJDGRV VL ORV IDURV GH VLHWH SRVLFLRQHV XELFDGR HQ OD 3UHVLRQH KDFLD DGHQWUR SDUD
HVWiQ HQFHQGLGRV FRPR OXFHV SDODQFD GH VHxDO GH JLUR KDFH OD ERPED GHO OtTXLGR GHO
IXQFLRQDU ORV OLPSLDSDUDEULVDV \ ORV SDUDEULVDV
EDMDV ORV IDURV VH DWHQXDUiQ D
XQ ODYDSDUDEULVDV *LUH HO H[WUHPR GH OD *LUH SDUD FDPELDU HO PRGR
SDODQFD GH VHxDO GH JLUR SDUD FDPELDU GH OLPSLDSDUDEULVDV
1R VH SXHGH HQFHQGHU ORV IDURV HO PRGR GHO OLPSLDSDUDEULVDV 3UHVLRQH HO ERWyQ
HQ PRGHORV FRQ OD RSFLyQ GH IDURV SDUD OD OX] GH ,'
GH GHVFDUJD GH DOWD LQWHQVLGDG 127$ LQWHUPLWHQWHLQGLFDGRUD
+,'
/D OODYH GH HQFHQGLGR VH GHEH
5HYLVH VL ODV UHJXODFLRQHV ORFDOHV /D SULPHUD SRVLFLyQ GHVSXpV GH 2))
JLUDU KDFLD 21 HQFHQGLGR
GH VX HVWDGR WLHQHQ DOJXQD DSDJDGR HV HO FLFOR LQWHUPLWHQWH 1
R $&& DFFHVRULR SDUD
UHVWULFFLyQ VREUH HO XVR GH OD /DV VLJXLHQWHV SRVLFLRQHV VRQ HO
TXH ORV LQWHUUXSWRUHV GHO
IXQFLyQ GH HQFHQGLGR GH OXFHV FLFOR LQWHUPLWHQWH 1 1 \ 1
OLPSLDSDUDEULVDVODYDSDUDEULVDV
DOWDV /DV GRV ~OWLPDV SRVLFLRQHV VRQ OD
IXQFLRQHQ
YHORFLGDG EDMD GHO OLPSLDSDUDEULVDV \
OD YHORFLGDG DOWD GHO OLPSLDSDUDEULVDV
&RQVXOWH OD WDEOD GH FRQ¿JXUDFLRQHV
SDUD ORV WLHPSRV GH UHWDUGR GH OD
LQWHUPLWHQFLD
&2/801$ '( ',5(&&,Ï1
&2/801$ '( ',5(&&,Ï1
&2/801$ '( ',5(&&,Ï1
)XQFLRQDPLHQWR GH OD OX] GH &DQWLGDG Pi[LPD GH OXFHV ZDWWV HQ WRWDO SRU ODGR SDUD
DOWRVHxDO GH JLUR SHUPLWLGDV SRU FLUFXLWR FRPELQDU ODV OXFHV GH VHxDO GH JLUR
GHO UHPROTXH \ ODV OXFHV GH VHxDO GH
&LUFXLWR GH DOWRVHxDO GH JLUR GHO JLUR RULHQWDGDV KDFLD HO ODGR GHODQWHUR
6X YHKtFXOR .HQZRUWK XWLOL]D OXFHV
YHKtFXOR GHO YHKtFXOR 1R FRQHFWH PiV GH
FRPELQDGDV GH DOWRVHxDO GH JLUR
HQ OD SDUWH WUDVHUD GHO YHKtFXOR TXH QXHYH ERPELOODV LQFDQGHVFHQWHV SRU
/D XQLGDG GH FRQWURO GH LOXPLQDFLyQ
XWLOL]DQ OD PLVPD ERPELOOD SDUD UHDOL]DU ODGR SDUD FRPELQDU ODV OXFHV GH VHxDO
HVWi OLPLWDGD D DPSHULRV HQ WRWDO R
DPEDV IXQFLRQHV (VWR VLJQL¿FD TXH GH JLUR GHO UHPROTXH \ ODV OXFHV GH
GRV ERPELOODV LQFDQGHVFHQWHV GH
VH XWLOL]D XQD VROD ERPELOOD SDUD OD VHxDO GH JLUR RULHQWDGDV KDFLD HO ODGR
ZDWWV SRU ODGR 1R FRQHFWH PiV GH
OX] GH DOWR \ SDUD OD OX] GH VHxDO GH GHODQWHUR GHO YHKtFXOR 6L VH QHFHVLWDQ
GRV ERPELOODV LQFDQGHVFHQWHV SRU ODGR
JLUR (VWD ERPELOOD LQGXGDEOHPHQWH QXHYH ERPELOODV SRU ODGR LQVWDOH
D ORV DFFHVRULRV GH OD OX] WUDVHUD GHO
VH TXHPDUi FRQ ORV IUHQRV DSOLFDGRV OiPSDUDV WLSR /(' R FRPXQtTXHVH FRQ
YHKtFXOR 6L VH QHFHVLWDQ PiV GH GRV
/D PLVPD ERPELOOD VH HQFHQGHUi VX GLVWULEXLGRU .HQZRUWK PiV FHUFDQR
ERPELOODV SDUD FDGD DFFHVRULR GH OD
LQWHUPLWHQWHPHQWH FRQ OD VHxDO GH JLUR SDUD REWHQHU PiV RSFLRQHV
OX] WUDVHUD LQVWDOH OiPSDUDV WLSR /('
DFWLYDGD D~Q FRQ ORV IUHQRV DSOLFDGRV
R FRPXQtTXHVH FRQ VX GLVWULEXLGRU
.HQZRUWK PiV FHUFDQR SDUD REWHQHU
RWUDV RSFLRQHV
&2/801$ '( ',5(&&,Ï1
&2/801$ '( ',5(&&,Ï1
3DODQFD GH OD FROXPQD
GH GLUHFFLyQ DMXVWDEOH
WHOHVFySLFD RSFLRQDO
&2/801$ '( ',5(&&,Ï1
(O PyGXOR GH FRPSRQHQWHV
HOHFWUyQLFRV P~OWLSOH[ FXHQWD
FRQ UHOHYDGRUHV \ FRPSRQHQWHV
HOHFWUyQLFRV SDUD DFWLYDU ORV FLUFXLWRV
FRQWURODGRV SRU ORV FRQWUROHV GHO
&2/801$ '( ',5(&&,Ï1
&2/801$ '( ',5(&&,Ï1
&2/801$ '( ',5(&&,Ï1
&2/801$ '( ',5(&&,Ï1
&2/801$ '( ',5(&&,Ï1
&2/801$ '( ',5(&&,Ï1
(63(-26
(63(-26
(63(-26
&21'8&&,Ï1
&21'8&&,Ï1
&21'8&&,Ï1
&21'8&&,Ï1
$3$*$'2
,QWURGXFFLyQ
3URFHGLPLHQWRV GH DSDJDGR ¿QDO
$QWHV GH DSDJDU HO PRWRU
5HDEDVWHFLPLHQWR GH FRPEXVWLEOH
/LWHUD GHO GRUPLWRULR
7e&1,&$6 < &216(-26 3$5$ &21'8&,5
7e&1,&$6 < &216(-26 3$5$ &21'8&,5
7e&1,&$6 < &216(-26 3$5$ &21'8&,5
7e&1,&$6 < &216(-26 3$5$ &21'8&,5
7e&1,&$6 < &216(-26 3$5$ &21'8&,5
%RTXLOODV GH LQ\HFFLyQ
GHIHFWXRVDV R PDO FDOLEUDGDV
7e&1,&$6 < &216(-26 3$5$ &21'8&,5
7e&1,&$6 < &216(-26 3$5$ &21'8&,5
7e&1,&$6 < &216(-26 3$5$ &21'8&,5
7e&1,&$6 < &216(-26 3$5$ &21'8&,5
7e&1,&$6 < &216(-26 3$5$ &21'8&,5
7e&1,&$6 < &216(-26 3$5$ &21'8&,5
7e&1,&$6 < &216(-26 3$5$ &21'8&,5
WUDFWRU VH UHWURFHGH GHEDMR GH XQ %ORTXHR GH OD TXLMDGD GH OD TXLQWD 4XLQWD UXHGD GHVOL]DQWH FRQWURODGD
UHPROTXH UXHGD SRU DLUH
3DUD GHVEORTXHDU HO EORTXHR GH OD
TXLQWD UXHGD
7e&1,&$6 < &216(-26 3$5$ &21'8&,5
&Ï02 321(5 $ )81&,21$5 (/ 6,67(0$ '( )5(126
&Ï02 321(5 $ )81&,21$5 (/ 6,67(0$ '( )5(126
&Ï02 321(5 $ )81&,21$5 (/ 6,67(0$ '( )5(126
&Ï02 321(5 $ )81&,21$5 (/ 6,67(0$ '( )5(126
9iOYXOD GH VHJXULGDG
*REHUQDGRU \ WXEHUtD
&Ï02 321(5 $ )81&,21$5 (/ 6,67(0$ '( )5(126
&Ï02 321(5 $ )81&,21$5 (/ 6,67(0$ '( )5(126
6LVWHPD GH IUHQRV GHODQWHURV 6LVWHPD GH IUHQRV WUDVHURV GH GRVL¿FDFLyQ GHO IUHQR VLQ UHPROTXH
VH DSDJD DXWRPiWLFDPHQWH FXDQGR VH
&XDQGR HO SHGDO GHO IUHQR HVWi &XDQGR HO SHGDO GHO IUHQR HVWi FRQHFWD HO UHPROTXH
RSULPLGR OD SDUWH GHODQWHUD GHO FLUFXLWR RSULPLGR OD SDUWH WUDVHUD GHO FLUFXLWR
GH OD YiOYXOD GHO SHGDO HQYtD DLUH GHO GH OD YiOYXOD GHO SHGDO HQYtD DLUH GHO
WDQTXH GH DLUH GH VHUYLFLR GHODQWHUR D WDQTXH GH DLUH GH VHUYLFLR WUDVHUR
ODV FiPDUDV GHO IUHQR GHO HMH GHODQWHUR DO SXHUWR GH FRQWURO GH OD YiOYXOD
SRU PHGLR GH XQD YiOYXOD GH OLEHUDFLyQ GHO UHOHYDGRU GHO IUHQR GH VHUYLFLR
UiSLGD /D YiOYXOD GHO UHOHYDGRU HQYtD DLUH
GLUHFWDPHQWH GHO WDQTXH GH DLUH GH
$O PLVPR WLHPSR HQ FRQ¿JXUDFLRQHV VHUYLFLR WUDVHUR D ODV FiPDUDV GHO IUHQR
FRPSOHWDV GHO FDPLyQ WDPELpQ VH WUDVHUR HQ SURSRUFLyQ D OD SUHVLyQ GHO
VXPLQLVWUD DLUH DO SXHUWR GH FRQWURO GH SHGDO
OD YiOYXOD GH PRGXODFLyQ (Q FDVR
GH XQD IDOOD HQ HO FLUFXLWR GH VHUYLFLR (Q WUDFWRUHV TXH QR FXHQWDQ FRQ $%6
WUDVHUR OD YiOYXOD GH PRGXODFLyQ OD YiOYXOD GHO UHOHYDGRU HV SDUWH GH
H[SHOH DLUH GH ODV FiPDUDV GHO IUHQR OD YiOYXOD GHO IUHQR %35 OD FXDO
GH UHVRUWH DSOLFDQGR ORV IUHQRV GH GRVL¿FD DXWRPiWLFDPHQWH OD SUHVLyQ
UHVRUWH HQ SURSRUFLyQ D OD DSOLFDFLyQ GH OD DSOLFDFLyQ GHO IUHQR GHO HMH GH
GHO FLUFXLWR GHODQWHUR GLUHFFLyQ FXDQGR HVWp FRQGXFLHQGR
VLQ XQ WUDLOHU DFRSODGR /D YiOYXOD
GRVL¿FDGRUD GHO IUHQR %35 SHUPLWH
HO XVR FRPSOHWR GH ORV IUHQRV GHO HMH
GH GLUHFFLyQ GHODQWHUR \ GLVPLQX\H OD
SRVLELOLGDG GH TXH ORV IUHQRV GHO HMH
GH GLUHFFLyQ VH EORTXHHQ (O VLVWHPD
&Ï02 321(5 $ )81&,21$5 (/ 6,67(0$ '( )5(126
&Ï02 321(5 $ )81&,21$5 (/ 6,67(0$ '( )5(126
5HWLUH OD OODYH
&Ï02 321(5 $ )81&,21$5 (/ 6,67(0$ '( )5(126
3UHVLRQH KDFLD DGHQWUR OD SHULOOD 3UHVLRQH KDFLD DGHQWUR $0%$6 1R LQWHQWH PRYHU HO YHKtFXOR DQWHV
5RMD TXH VH HQFXHQWUD HQ HO SHULOODV GHO WDEOHUR GH TXH OD SUHVLyQ GHO VLVWHPD
WDEOHUR (O YHKtFXOR SHUPDQHFHUi DOFDQFH ORV SVL N3D \D TXH
HVWDFLRQDGR (Q FDVR GH TXH OD SUHVLyQ GH ODV UXHGDV HVWiQ EORTXHDGDV SRU OD
DLUH EDMH D PHQRV GH XQ QLYHO DFFLyQ GHO IUHQR GH UHVRUWH 3RGUtD
VHJXUR SULPHUR VH HQFHQGHUi OD RFDVLRQDU WHQVLyQ LQQHFHVDULD \
OX] GH DGYHUWHQFLD GH DLUH EDMR SRVLEOHV IDOODV HQ ORV IUHQRV VL HO
VL OD SUHVLyQ GH DLUH FRQWLQXD YHKtFXOR VH YH IRU]DGR D PRYHUVH
EDMDQGR OD YiOYXOD GH ORV IUHQRV DQWHV GH TXH HO VLVWHPD GH DLUH
GH HVWDFLRQDPLHQWR VH OLEHUDUi DOFDQFH ORV SVL N3D 6L QR
DSOLFDQGR DXWRPiWLFDPHQWH ORV FXPSOH FRQ HVWD DGYHUWHQFLD SXHGH
IUHQRV GH UHVRUWHϮ SURYRFDU GDxR DO HTXLSR
&Ï02 321(5 $ )81&,21$5 (/ 6,67(0$ '( )5(126
2SFLyQ GH IUHQRV GH
$'9(57(1&,$ $'9(57(1&,$ HVWDFLRQDPLHQWR SDUD
6L OD SUHVLyQ GH DLUH EDMD GH 1R XWLOLFH HO IUHQR GH PDQR GHO YHKtFXORV GH H[SRUWDFLyQ
SVL N3D ORV IUHQRV GH UHPROTXH QL ORV IUHQRV GH VHUYLFLR GHO 6LVWHPD GH DLUH HXURSHR
UHVRUWH SRGUtDQ GHWHQHU HO YHKtFXOR SDUD HVWDFLRQDU \ GHWHQHU XQ
UHSHQWLQDPHQWH OR TXH SRGUtD YHKtFXOR VLQ YLJLODQFLD XWLOLFH ORV )XQFLRQDPLHQWR GHO IUHQR GH
RFDVLRQDU XQ DFFLGHQWH 2EVHUYH IUHQRV GH HVWDFLRQDPLHQWR &RPR HVWDFLRQDPLHQWR
ODV OXFHV URMDV GH DGYHUWHQFLD GH ORV ORV IUHQRV GH VHUYLFLR WUDEDMDQ FRQ
LQGLFDGRUHV 6L DOJXQD VH HQFLHQGH SUHVLyQ GH DLUH HVWRV IUHQRV SRGUtDQ $'9(57(1&,$
QR XWLOLFH HO YHKtFXOR KDVWD TXH VH OLEHUDUVH OHQWDPHQWH 6X YHKtFXOR
1XQFD FRQGX]FD VX YHKtFXOR
KD\D UHSDUDGR R SUHVWDGR HO VHUYLFLR SRGUtD URGDU \ RFDVLRQDU DFFLGHQWHV
FRQ HO IUHQR GH HVWDFLRQDPLHQWR
DGHFXDGR 6L QR FXPSOH FRQ JUDYHV 1XQFD VH DWHQJD D ORV
DSOLFDGR 6LHPSUH OLEHUH HO IUHQR
HVWD DGYHUWHQFLD SXHGH RFDVLRQDU IUHQRV GH VHUYLFLR SDUD PDQWHQHU
GH HVWDFLRQDPLHQWR DQWHV GH PRYHU
OHVLRQHV SHUVRQDOHV OD PXHUWH R XQ YHKtFXOR HVWDFLRQDGR 6L QR
HO YHKtFXOR 6L QR GHVFRQHFWD HO
GDxR DO HTXLSR R D OD SURSLHGDG FXPSOH FRQ HVWD DGYHUWHQFLD SXHGH
IUHQR GH HVWDFLRQDPLHQWR DQWHV GH
RFDVLRQDU OHVLRQHV SHUVRQDOHV OD
PRYHU VX YHKtFXOR SXHGH RFDVLRQDU
PXHUWH R GDxR DO HTXLSR R D OD
TXH VH DFXPXOH GHPDVLDGR FDORU
SURSLHGDG
HQ HO VLVWHPD GH IUHQRV \ SURYRFDU
XQ LQFHQGLR 6L QR FXPSOH FRQ
HVWD DGYHUWHQFLD SXHGH RFDVLRQDU
OHVLRQHV SHUVRQDOHV OD PXHUWH R
GDxR DO HTXLSR R D OD SURSLHGDG
&Ï02 321(5 $ )81&,21$5 (/ 6,67(0$ '( )5(126
127$ $'9(57(1&,$
(Q OD DFWXDOLGDG ORV PRWRUHV (O VLVWHPD GH IUHQRV HV XQ VLVWHPD
HOHFWUyQLFRV D GLpVHO WLHQHQ EDVWDQWH GH VHJXULGDG FUXFLDO HQ HO YHKtFXOR
WRUTXH \ SRWHQFLD GH DUUDQTXH 3DUD VX VHJXULGDG \ OD GH ODV
D 530 EDMDV /D FRPELQDFLyQ GHPiV SHUVRQDV TXH VH HQFXHQWUHQ
GH OD YHORFLGDG GHO PRWRU \ HO FHUFD HQYtH VX YHKtFXOR D XQ
WRUTXH GLVSRQLEOH SRGUtD GDU &HQWUR GH VHUYLFLR DXWRUL]DGR
GHPDVLDGD SRWHQFLD DO IUHQR GH SDUD UHYLVLRQHV GH PDQWHQLPLHQWR
HVWDFLRQDPLHQWR GHO YHKtFXOR SUHYHQWLYR UHJXODUPHQWH DGHPiV
GH ODV UHYLVLRQHV LQPHGLDWDV GH
$'9(57(1&,$ SRVLEOHV SUREOHPDV 'H QR GDUOH 9LVWD VXSHULRU
HO GHELGR PDQWHQLPLHQWR DO VLVWHPD 9LVWD GHODQWHUD
1R DEDQGRQH OD FDELQD VLQ DSOLFDU GH IUHQRV SRGUtD RFDVLRQDUOH )UHQR GH HVWDFLRQDPLHQWR
HO IUHQR GH HVWDFLRQDPLHQWR (O DFFLGHQWHV TXH OH SURYRFDUiQ (1&(1','2 0DQLMD HQ
FDPLyQ SRGUtD URGDU \ RFDVLRQDU OHVLRQHV JUDYHV SRVLFLyQ KDFLD OD L]TXLHUGD
XQ DFFLGHQWH \ OHVLRQDU D DOJXQD
)UHQR GH HVWDFLRQDPLHQWR
SHUVRQD $SOLTXH HO IUHQR GH
$3$*$'2 0DQLMD HQ
HVWDFLRQDPLHQWR VLHPSUH DQWHV GH
SRVLFLyQ KDFLD OD GHUHFKD
VDOLU GH OD FDELQD 6L QR FXPSOH FRQ
HVWD DGYHUWHQFLD SXHGH RFDVLRQDU 3DUD DFWLYDU HO IUHQR GH
OHVLRQHV SHUVRQDOHV OD PXHUWH R HVWDFLRQDPLHQWR
GDxR DO HTXLSR R D OD SURSLHGDG
0XHYD OD PDQLMD KDFLD OD L]TXLHUGD
KDVWD TXH VH EORTXHH
&Ï02 321(5 $ )81&,21$5 (/ 6,67(0$ '( )5(126
&Ï02 321(5 $ )81&,21$5 (/ 6,67(0$ '( )5(126
3RVLFLyQ QRUPDO GH 6yOR SDUD DSOLFDFLyQ GH IUHQRV GH UHPROTXH /D SHULOOD 5RMD VH OLEHUDUi
IXQFLRQDPLHQWR HPHUJHQFLD R HVWDFLRQDPLHQWR GHO DXWRPiWLFDPHQWH \ GHVWDSDUi ORV
(VWDFLRQDPLHQWR GHO UHPROTXH WDQTXHV GH DLUH GHO YHKtFXOR SDUD
UHPROTXH FRQ HO YHKtFXOR SURWHJHU OD SUHVLyQ GHO VLVWHPD GH DLUH
OLEHUDGR 6L VH SUHVHQWD XQD IDOOD R VH GHO YHKtFXOR
&DUJD GHO VLVWHPD GH GHVFRQHFWD OD PDQJXHUD GH VXPLQLVWUR
HVWDFLRQDPLHQWR R UHPROTXH GH DLUH DO UHPROTXH VH DSOLFDUiQ
FRQ HO YHKtFXOR HVWDFLRQDGR ORV IUHQRV GH HVWDFLRQDPLHQWR GHO
&Ï02 321(5 $ )81&,21$5 (/ 6,67(0$ '( )5(126
&Ï02 321(5 $ )81&,21$5 (/ 6,67(0$ '( )5(126
&Ï02 321(5 $ )81&,21$5 (/ 6,67(0$ '( )5(126
&Ï02 321(5 $ )81&,21$5 (/ 6,67(0$ '( )5(126
&Ï02 321(5 $ )81&,21$5 (/ 6,67(0$ '( )5(126
OD FRPSUHVLyQ GHO PRWRU SDUD D\XGDU 6REUHFDOHQWDPLHQWR GH ORV IUHQRV VX FDPLQR D YHORFLGDG EDMD WDQ SURQWR
D ORV IUHQRV GH VHUYLFLR RSULPLHQGR FRPR VHD SRVLEOH SDUD HQIULDU ORV
HO SHGDO GHO HPEUDJXH KDVWD TXH HO (Q FRQGLFLRQHV GH IUHQDGRV QRUPDOHV IUHQRV 6L HO YHKtFXOR VH TXHGDUD
PRWRU DOFDQFH OD YHORFLGDG GH UDOHQWt OD HQHUJtD TXH VH JHQHUD KDUi TXH HVWDFLRQDGR OD WUDQVIHUHQFLD GH
OD WHPSHUDWXUD GHO WDPERU LQWHUQR FDORU SRGUtD GHVWUXLU ODV IULFFLRQHV \
GHO IUHQR OOHJXH D DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH GLVWRUVLRQDU HO WDPERU GHO IUHQR
) & (VWR HVWi DGHQWUR GH OD
]RQD GH VHJXULGDG /D WHPSHUDWXUD GH 3DUD HYLWDU TXH ORV WDPERUHV VH
VHJXULGDG Pi[LPD GH OD IULFFLyQ GH ORV GHIRUPHQ PLHQWUDV VH HQIUtDQ
IUHQRV GH WDPERU SRU OR JHQHUDO HV GH
DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH ) & (VWDFLRQH HO YHKtFXOR HQ XQD
VXSHU¿FLH QLYHODGD \ EORTXHH ODV
6L ORV IUHQRV GH VHUYLFLR VH XWLOL]DQ SDUD UXHGDV
IUHQDGRV GH HPHUJHQFLD XWLOL]DGRV
/LEHUH ORV IUHQRV GH
LQFRUUHFWDPHQWH R SRU SHUtRGRV
HVWDFLRQDPLHQWR \ SHUPLWD TXH ORV
SURORQJDGRV ODV WHPSHUDWXUDV GHO
IUHQRV VH HQIUtHQ &RQVXOWH9iOYXOD
WDPERU LQWHUQR GHO IUHQR SRGUtDQ
GHO IUHQR GH HVWDFLRQDPLHQWR HQ
VREUHSDVDU ORV ) & 'LFKR
OD SiJLQD
VREUHFDOHQWDPLHQWR GHO IUHQR SRGUtD
GHWHFWDUVH DO VHQWLU XQ RORU D TXHPDGR
R KXPR VDOLHQGR GH XQ WDPERU 6L
HVWR VXFHGH GHEHUi GHWHQHUVH GH
LQPHGLDWR \ UHYLVDU VL ODV IULFFLRQHV VH
HVWiQ TXHPDQGR R ORV WDPERUHV GHO
IUHQR HVWiQ UDMDGRV 6L QR VH SUHVHQWD
QLQJXQR GH ORV GRV SUREOHPDV VLJD
&Ï02 321(5 $ )81&,21$5 (/ 6,67(0$ '( )5(126
6LVWHPD GH IUHQRV
$'9(57(1&,$ 127$
DQWLEORTXHR
,QWURGXFFLyQ 1R FRQItH HQ XQ VLVWHPD GH 5HFRUGDWRULRV LPSRUWDQWHV VREUH OD
IUHQRV DQWLEORTXHR TXH QR HVWp VHJXULGDG
/RV .HQZRUWK HQ FDUUHWHUDV GH IXQFLRQDQGR FRUUHFWDPHQWH 3XHGH
(VWDGRV 8QLGRV FXHQWDQ FRQ HO SHUGHU HO FRQWURO GH VX YHKtFXOR \
VLVWHPD GH IUHQRV DQWLEORTXHR $%6 RFDVLRQDU XQ DFFLGHQWH JUDYH 6L QR
FRPR HTXLSR HVWiQGDU (O $%6 FXPSOH FRQ HVWD DGYHUWHQFLD SXHGH
GLVPLQX\H OD SRVLELOLGDG GH TXH ODV RFDVLRQDU OHVLRQHV SHUVRQDOHV OD
UXHGDV VH EORTXHHQ GXUDQWH IUHQDGRV PXHUWH R GDxR DO HTXLSR R D OD
EUXVFRV 6L XQD UXHGD HVWi D SXQWR GH SURSLHGDG
EORTXHDUVH GXUDQWH XQ IUHQDGR HO $%6
DMXVWDUi DXWRPiWLFDPHQWH OD SUHVLyQ
127$
GH DLUH GH ODV FiPDUDV GH ORV IUHQRV
HQ ODV UXHGDV DGHFXDGDV SDUD HYLWDU 6L VH HQFLHQGH OD OX] GH $%6
TXH VH EORTXHHQ (O $%6 VH HQFLHQGH PLHQWUDV HVWi FRQGXFLHQGR R VL VH
DXWRPiWLFDPHQWH FXDQGR HO LQWHUUXSWRU PDQWLHQH HQFHQGLGD GHVSXpV GH
GH LJQLFLyQ VH HQFLHQGH &RQVXOWH OD SUXHED GH HQFHQGLGR SRGUtD
6LVWHPD GH IUHQRV DQWLEORTXHR $%6 VHU TXH VX VLVWHPD DQWLEORTXHR QR
HQ OD SiJLQD HVWp IXQFLRQDQGR 3RGUtD VHU TXH
VX $%6 QR IXQFLRQH GXUDQWH XQD
HPHUJHQFLD 8VWHG D~Q FRQWDUi FRQ
ORV IUHQRV HVWiQGDU SHUR QR FRQ
ORV IUHQRV DQWLEORTXHR 6L OD OX]
LQGLFD TXH KD\ XQ SUREOHPD SLGD
TXH UHYLVHQ HO $%6
&Ï02 321(5 $ )81&,21$5 (/ 6,67(0$ '( )5(126
&Ï02 321(5 $ )81&,21$5 (/ 6,67(0$ '( )5(126
&Ï02 321(5 $ )81&,21$5 (/ 6,67(0$ '( )5(126
(O FRQWURO GH JLUR GH OD UXHGD VH DFWLYD \ ,QWHUUXSWRU GH ORGR \ QLHYH SURIXQGD ,QWHUUXSWRU GH IXQFLyQ $%6 HQ
GHVDFWLYD SRU Vt PLVPR XVWHG QR WLHQH RSFLRQDO FDUUHWHUD VLQ SDYLPHQWR RSFLRQDO
TXH VHOHFFLRQDU HVWD FDUDFWHUtVWLFD
6L ODV UXHGDV GH WUDQVPLVLyQ JLUDQ (O FRQWURO GH JLUR GHO YRODQWH LQFOX\H XQ 6X YHKtFXOR .HQZRUWK SRGUtD
GXUDQWH OD DFHOHUDFLyQ OD OX] GH LQWHUUXSWRU GH ORGR \ QLHYH SURIXQGD HVWDU HTXLSDGR FRQ XQ LQWHUUXSWRU
DGYHUWHQFLD $65 VH HQFLHQGH OR TXH /D IXQFLyQ GH ORGR \ QLHYH SURIXQGD LQGHSHQGLHQWH SDUD DFWLYDU XQD IXQFLyQ
LQGLFD TXH HO FRQWURO GH JLUR GHO YRODQWH D\XGD GXUDQWH OD DFHOHUDFLyQ (VWD $%6 SDUD FDUUHWHUDV VLQ SDYLPHQWR
HVWi DFWLYDGR IXQFLyQ DXPHQWD OD WUDFFLyQ GLVSRQLEOH (VWD IXQFLyQ 12 VH GHEH XWLOL]DU
HQ VXSHU¿FLHV GHPDVLDGR EODQGDV PLHQWUDV FRQGXFH HQ FDUUHWHUDV VLQR
1R SHUPLWD TXH OD OX] GH DGYHUWHQFLD FRPR QLHYH ORGR R JUDYD DXPHQWDQGR SDUD PHMRUDU HO UHQGLPLHQWR GH IUHQDGR
$65 SHUPDQH]FD HQFHQGLGD OLJHUDPHQWH HO JLUR GH OD UXHGD HQ FRQGLFLRQHV IXHUD GH OD FDUUHWHUD
FRQVWDQWHPHQWH SRU GHPDVLDGR DFHSWDEOH &XDQGR OD IXQFLyQ HVWi SRU HMHPSOR ORGR \ JUDYD VXHOWD
WLHPSR 6L OD FDUDFWHUtVWLFD $65 HQ XVR OD OX] GH DGYHUWHQFLD $65 /D IXQFLyQ $%6 SDUD FDUUHWHUDV VLQ
$7& VH XWLOL]D GHPDVLDGR WLHPSR SDUSDGHD FRQVWDQWHPHQWH SDYLPHQWR VH ORJUD DO SHUPLWLU TXH
D OD YH] SRGUtD RFDVLRQDU TXH ORV VH DFXPXOH XQD FXxD GH PDWHULDO
IUHQRV GH OD UXHGD GH WUDQVPLVLyQ VH HQ OD SDUWH GHODQWHUD GH ODV UXHGDV
VREUHFDOLHQWHQ EORTXHDGDV PRPHQWiQHDPHQWH
&DUDFWHUtVWLFDV \ EHQH¿FLRV
&Ï02 321(5 $ )81&,21$5 (/ 6,67(0$ '( )5(126
&Ï02 321(5 $ )81&,21$5 (/ 6,67(0$ '( )5(126
$%6 GH UHPROTXH
$ YHORFLGDGHV DUULED GH PSK 35(&$8&,Ï1
&RPXQLFDFLyQ HOpFWULFD 3/&
HO FRQWURODGRU $%6 IXQFLRQD HQ
PRGR QRUPDO GH FDUUHWHUD 1R OD FRQHFWH HQ HO FLUFXLWR DX[LOLDU
/RV .HQZRUWK SDUD FDUUHWHUDV GH QR FRQPXWDEOH GH OD OtQHD HOpFWULFD
$ YHORFLGDGHV HQWUH \ PSK (VWDGRV 8QLGRV HVWiQ HTXLSDGRV FRQ SULQFLSDO GH YtDV GHO UHPROTXH
HO VRIWZDUH GH FRQWURO $%6 VH XQ FLUFXLWR HOpFWULFR LQGHSHQGLHQWH 'H KDFHUOR SRGUtD RFDVLRQDU TXH
PRGL¿FD SDUD SHUPLWLU SHUtRGRV SDUD DFWLYDU HO VLVWHPD GH IUHQRV HO $%6 GHO UHPROTXH QR IXQFLRQH
FRUWRV VHJXQGRV GH FLFORV DQWLEORTXHR $%6 HQ YHKtFXORV TXH (VWH FLUFXLWR HV SDUD OD HQHUJtD GHO
GH EORTXHR GH UXHGDV VH HVWiQ UHPROFDQGR (Q OD PD\RUtD $%6 GHO UHPROTXH 3DUD DJUHJDU
GH FDVRV OD HQHUJtD SDUD HO $%6 XQ FLUFXLWR DX[LOLDU FRQPXWDEOH
$ YHORFLGDGHV PHQRUHV GH VHUi VXPLQLVWUDGD SRU PHGLR GH XQ FRPXQtTXHVH FRQ XQ GLVWULEXLGRU GH
PSK HO VRIWZDUH GH FRQWURO $%6 VH FLUFXLWR DX[LOLDU TXH VH HQFXHQWUD HQ HO .HQZRUWK
PDQWLHQH DSDJDGR SDUD SHUPLWLU FRQHFWRU GH OD OtQHD HOpFWULFD SULQFLSDO
TXH VH EORTXHHQ ODV UXHGDV GH YtDV GHO UHPROTXH 6L HO YHKtFXOR
/RV YHKtFXORV R UHPROTXHV IDEULFDGRV
IXH IDEULFDGR FRQ XQ FLUFXLWR DX[LOLDU
&XDQGR OD IXQFLyQ $%6 GH GHVSXpV GHO GH PDU]R GH
FRQPXWDEOH SDUD ORV DFFHVRULRV
FDUUHWHUDV VLQ SDYLPHQWR HVWi GHEHQ WHQHU OD FDSDFLGDG GH HQFHQGHU
GHO UHPROTXH VH SURSRUFLRQDUi XQ
DFWLYDGD VH DSDJD OD VDOLGD GH XQD OX] GH DGYHUWHQFLD GH $%6 HQ
FRQHFWRU GH YtDV DGLFLRQDO SDUD OD
GHVDFWLYDFLyQ GHO UHWDUGDGRU 2 OD FDELQD GHO UHPROTXH GH DFXHUGR
HOHFWULFLGDG GHO $%6 GHO UHPROTXH (Q
VHD TXH ORV UHWDUGDGRUHV GHO FRQ ORV (VWiQGDUHV )HGHUDOHV GH
HVWH FDVR OD OtQHD HOpFWULFD GHO $%6
PRWRU VH GHMDQ IXQFLRQDU VLQ VHJXULGDG GH YHKtFXORV GH PRWRU
GHO YHKtFXOR HVWDUi HTXLSDGD FRQ 3/&
OD LQWHUYHQFLyQ GHO $%6 3DUD )0966 /D LQGXVWULD HOLJLy OD
REWHQHU PiV LQIRUPDFLyQ FRQVXOWH FRPXQLFDFLyQ HOpFWULFD 3/& FRPR HO
HO IROOHWR GHO $%6 GH FDUUHWHUDV VLQ PpWRGR HVWiQGDU SDUD HQFHQGHUOD
SDYLPHQWR TXH VH HQFXHQWUD HQ OD
JXDQWHUD GH VX YHKtFXOR
&Ï02 321(5 $ )81&,21$5 (/ 6,67(0$ '( )5(126
&Ï02 321(5 $ )81&,21$5 (/ 6,67(0$ '( )5(126
&Ï02 321(5 $ )81&,21$5 (/ 6,67(0$ '( )5(126
&RQGXFFLyQ FRQ XQ
127$ $'9(57(1&,$ UHPROTXH VLQ FDUJD
(O IUHQR GH UHPROTXH QR VH GHEH 1R XWLOLFH HO IUHQR GH PDQR GHO
XWLOL]DU SDUD VXVWLWXLU D ORV IUHQRV GH UHPROTXH QL ORV IUHQRV GH VHUYLFLR 1R XWLOLFH HO UHWDUGDGRU GHO PRWRU
VHUYLFLR 6L XWLOL]D HVWH IUHQR FRQ SDUD HVWDFLRQDU \ GHWHQHU XQ FRPR XQ IUHQR GH HVFDSH SDUD
IUHFXHQFLD HQ YH] GH XWLOL]DU HO IUHQR YHKtFXOR VLQ YLJLODQFLD XWLOLFH ORV GHVDFHOHUDU HO YHKtFXOR FXDQGR HVWp
GH SLH RFDVLRQDUi TXH ORV IUHQRV GHO IUHQRV GH HVWDFLRQDPLHQWR &RPR MDODQGR XQ UHPROTXH YDFtR
UHPROTXH VH GHVJDVWHQ PX\ SURQWR ORV IUHQRV GH VHUYLFLR WUDEDMDQ FRQ
SUHVLyQ GH DLUH HVWRV IUHQRV SRGUtDQ $'9(57(1&,$
OLEHUDUVH OHQWDPHQWH 6X YHKtFXOR 1R XWLOLFH HO UHWDUGDGRU GHO PRWRU
SRGUtD URGDU \ RFDVLRQDU DFFLGHQWHV FXDQGR HVWp FRQGXFLHQGR FRQ XQ
JUDYHV 1XQFD VH DWHQJD D ORV UHPROTXH VLQ FDUJD 6L XWLOL]D ORV
IUHQRV GH VHUYLFLR SDUD PDQWHQHU UHWDUGDGRUHV GHO PRWRU PLHQWUDV
XQ YHKtFXOR HVWDFLRQDGR 6L QR HVWi FRQGXFLHQGR FRQ XQ UHPROTXH
FXPSOH FRQ HVWD DGYHUWHQFLD SXHGH VLQ FDUJD SRGUtD RFDVLRQDU TXH VH
RFDVLRQDU OHVLRQHV SHUVRQDOHV OD EORTXHHQ ODV UXHGDV OR TXH SURYRFD
PXHUWH R GDxR DO HTXLSR R D OD PHQRV FRQWURO R TXH FROHWHH
SURSLHGDG &XDQGR HVWi FRQGXFLHQGR FRQ
UHPROTXH VLQ FDUJD SRGUtD WHQHU XQ
JUDYH DFFLGHQWH VL VXV UXHGDV VH
EORTXHDQ UHSHQWLQDPHQWH GXUDQWH
HO IUHQDGR 6L QR FXPSOH FRQ
HVWD DGYHUWHQFLD SXHGH RFDVLRQDU
OHVLRQHV SHUVRQDOHV OD PXHUWH R
GDxR DO HTXLSR R D OD SURSLHGDG
&Ï02 321(5 $ )81&,21$5 (/ 6,67(0$ '( )5(126
&Ï02 321(5 $ )81&,21$5 (/ 6,67(0$ '( )5(126
)UHQR GH HVFDSH
6H SXHGH LQVWDODU XQD YDULHGDG GH $'9(57(1&,$
UHWDUGDGRUHV GHO PRWRU R IUHQRV GH &RQ HO LQWHUUXSWRU GHO IUHQR GH
1R XWLOLFH HO UHWDUGDGRU GHO PRWRU
HVFDSH FRPR RSFLyQ SDUD FUHDU XQ HVFDSH 21 HQFHQGLGR HO IUHQR FUHD
FXDQGR HVWp FRQGXFLHQGR FRQ XQ
HIHFWR GH IUHQDGR HQ ODV UXHGDV GH DXWRPiWLFDPHQWH VX HIHFWR GH IUHQDGR
UHPROTXH VLQ FDUJD 6L XWLOL]D ORV
WUDQVPLVLyQ (VWRV GLVSRVLWLYRV XWLOL]DQ FXDQGR XVWHG UHWLUD HO SLH GHO SHGDO GHO
UHWDUGDGRUHV GHO PRWRU PLHQWUDV
SRWHQFLD GHO PRWRU SDUD GHVDFHOHUDU DFHOHUDGRU
HVWi FRQGXFLHQGR FRQ XQ UHPROTXH
HO YHKtFXOR 'HELGR D TXH HVWRV
(O LQWHUUXSWRU GHO IUHQR HVWi XELFDGR VLQ FDUJD SRGUtD RFDVLRQDU TXH VH
GLVSRVLWLYRV SXHGHQ D\XGDU D SUHYHQLU
HQ HO SDQHO DX[LOLDU GHO WDEOHUR eVWH EORTXHHQ ODV UXHGDV OR TXH SURYRFD
HO VREUHFDOHQWDPLHQWR GH ORV IUHQRV
FRQWUROD VL HO IUHQR HVWi (1&(1','2 PHQRV FRQWURO R TXH FROHWHH
GHO YHKtFXOR D\XGDQ D LPSHGLU TXH VH
OLVWR SDUD GHVDFHOHUDU DO YHKtFXOR R &XDQGR HVWi FRQGXFLHQGR FRQ
GHVJDVWHQ ORV IUHQRV GH VHUYLFLR 6LQ
$3$*$'2 VLQ DFFLyQ GH IUHQDGR UHPROTXH VLQ FDUJD SRGUtD WHQHU XQ
HPEDUJR HO UHWDUGDGRU QR HV XQ IUHQR
JUDYH DFFLGHQWH VL VXV UXHGDV VH
GH HPHUJHQFLD
1R XWLOLFH HO UHWDUGDGRU GHO PRWRU EORTXHDQ UHSHQWLQDPHQWH GXUDQWH
'H SUHIHUHQFLD HQ VXSHU¿FLHV FRPR XQ IUHQR GH HVFDSH SDUD HO IUHQDGR 6L QR FXPSOH FRQ
QRUPDOHV GH FDUUHWHUDV GHEHUi GHVDFHOHUDU HO YHKtFXOR FXDQGR HVWD DGYHUWHQFLD SXHGH RFDVLRQDU
GHVDFHOHUDU HO YHKtFXOR FRQ HO HVWp MDODQGR XQ UHPROTXH YDFtR OHVLRQHV SHUVRQDOHV OD PXHUWH R
UHWDUGDGRU HQ GRQGH OR SHUPLWD OD &RQVXOWH )UHQRV GHO PRWRU SDUD GDxR DO HTXLSR R D OD SURSLHGDG
OH\ \ XWLOL]DU ORV IUHQRV GH VHUYLFLR REWHQHU PiV GHWDOOHV
~QLFDPHQWH SDUD GHWHQHU VX YHKtFXOR $VHJ~UHVH GH TXH HO IUHQR HVWi
SRU FRPSOHWR 6L SURFHGH GH HVWD $3$*$'2 DQWHV GH DUUDQFDU HO
IRUPD H[WHQGHUi HQRUPHPHQWH OD YLGD PRWRU
~WLO GH VXV IUHQRV 'HVSXpV GH KDEHU DUUDQFDGR \
FDOHQWDGR HO PRWRU \ XVWHG HVWp
OLVWR SDUD VDOLU D OD FDUUHWHUD
&Ï02 321(5 $ )81&,21$5 (/ 6,67(0$ '( )5(126
(1&,(1'$ HO LQWHUUXSWRU GHO IUHQR SRU HO $%6 3DUD REWHQHU PiV GHWDOOHV )UHQRV GHO PRWRU
GH HVFDSH SDUD REWHQHU XQ PHMRU VREUH FyPR XWLOL]DU HO IUHQR GH HVFDSH
HIHFWR GH IUHQDGR FRQVXOWH HO 0DQXDO GHO SURSLHWDULR GHO
IDEULFDQWH GHO IUHQR GH HVFDSH
$'9(57(1&,$
1R XWLOLFH HO UHWDUGDGRU GHO PRWRU 6tPEROR GHO LQWHUUXSWRU
FXDQGR HVWp FRQGXFLHQGR HQ HQFHQGHUDSDJDU
FDUUHWHUDV FRQ SDYLPHQWR FRQ SRFD
WUDFFLyQ WDOHV FRPR FDUUHWHUDV
K~PHGDV FRQ HVFDUFKD FDUUHWHUDV
FXELHUWDV GH QLHYH R JUDYD /RV
UHWDUGDGRUHV SRGUtDQ RFDVLRQDU TXH
ODV UXHGDV SDWLQHQ HQ XQD VXSHU¿FLH
UHVEDORVD 3RGUtD SHUGHU HO FRQWURO
GHO YHKtFXOR R FROHWHDU VL ODV UXHGDV 6tPEROR GHO LQWHUUXSWRU GH QLYHO GH
HPSLH]DQ D SDWLQDU RFDVLRQDQGR UHWDUGR
XQ DFFLGHQWH 6L QR FXPSOH FRQ
HVWD DGYHUWHQFLD SXHGH RFDVLRQDU +D\ GRV LQWHUUXSWRUHV TXH FRQWURODQ
OHVLRQHV SHUVRQDOHV OD PXHUWH R HO IUHQR GH PRWRU GH VX YHKtFXOR 8Q
GDxR DO HTXLSR R D OD SURSLHGDG LQWHUUXSWRU HQFLHQGHDSDJD HO VLVWHPD
\ HO VHJXQGR LQWHUUXSWRU FRQWUROD HO
6L VX YHKtFXOR HVWi HTXLSDGR QLYHO GH UHWDUGR (VWRV HVWiQ XELFDGRV
FRQ IUHQRV DQWLEORTXHR $%6 HO HQ HO SDQHO GH LQWHUUXSWRUHV GHUHFKR
IXQFLRQDPLHQWR GHO IUHQR GH HVFDSH &RQ HO LQWHUUXSWRU GH ORV IUHQRV GHO
VL HVWi (1&(1','2 VHUi FRQWURODGR PRWRU HQ 21 HQFHQGLGR HO IUHQR
&Ï02 321(5 $ )81&,21$5 (/ 6,67(0$ '( )5(126
FUHD DXWRPiWLFDPHQWH VX HIHFWR GH &RPSRQHQWHV GH ORV IUHQRV SVL N3D SHUPLWLHQGR TXH VDOJD
IUHQDGR FXDQGR XVWHG UHWLUD HO SLH GHO HO DLUH
SHGDO GHO DFHOHUDGRU $ FRQWLQXDFLyQ KD\ XQD EUHYH
GHVFULSFLyQ GHO VLVWHPD GH IUHQRVDLUH 6HFDGRU GH DLUH-XQWD \ HOLPLQD
'HSHQGLHQGR GHO PRWRU HV SRVLEOH TXH 7UDWD GH SURSRUFLRQDUOH LQIRUPDFLyQ OD KXPHGDG \ FRQWDPLQDFLyQ GHO
VX YHKtFXOR FXHQWH FRQ XQ LQWHUUXSWRU JHQHUDO VREUH FyPR IXQFLRQD HO DLUH PLHQWUDV SDVD GHO FRPSUHVRU DO
GH SRVLFLRQHV R GH SRVLFLRQHV VLVWHPD GHSyVLWR K~PHGR
,QWHUUXSWRU GH QLYHO GH UHWDUGR 6L
VX YHKtFXOR FXHQWD FRQ HO VLVWHPD &RPSUHVRU6XPLQLVWUD DLUH DO 7DQTXHV GH DLUH FRPSULPLGR(O
GH GRV YHORFLGDGHV XVWHG SXHGH VLVWHPD /D SUHVLyQ GHO VLVWHPD HVWi GHSyVLWR K~PHGR UHFLEH HO DLUH GHO
VHOHFFLRQDU &203/(72 R 0(',2 FRQWURODGD SRU HO JREHUQDGRU VHFDGRU GH DLUH \ OR HQIUtD XQ SRFR
6L VX YHKtFXOR FXHQWD FRQ HO VLVWHPD OR TXH SHUPLWH TXH OD KXPHGDG VH
GH WUHV YHORFLGDGHV XVWHG SXHGH *REHUQDGRU &RQWUROD OD SUHVLyQ FRQGHQVH SDUD TXH VH GUHQH (O DLUH
VHOHFFLRQDU UHWDUGR %$-2 0(',2 GH DLUH HQ HO VLVWHPD DO DFWLYDU UHODWLYDPHQWH VHFR VH VXPLQLVWUD D ORV
R $/72 XQ PHFDQLVPR GH GHVFDUJD GHO GRV WDQTXHV GH DLUH GH VHUYLFLR SDUD
FRPSUHVRU 6X SUHVLyQ GH FLHUUH HV TXH OR GLVWULEX\DQ D VXV FLUFXLWRV GH
&RQVXOWH HO 0DQXDO GH IXQFLRQDPLHQWR GH D SVL D N3D 6X IUHQRV FRUUHVSRQGLHQWHV /RV WDQTXHV
\ PDQWHQLPLHQWR GHO PRWRU R HO 0DQXDO SUHVLyQ GH FLHUUH SUHHVWDEOHFLGD VH GH DLUH GH VHUYLFLR HVWiQ VHSDUDGRV
GH IXQFLRQDPLHQWR GHO IUHQR GHO PRWRU ¿MD HQWUH \ SVL D N3D SRU PHGLR GH YiOYXODV GH UHWHQFLyQ
SDUD REWHQHU PiV GHWDOOHV VREUH HO XVR SRU GHEDMR GH OD FRQ¿JXUDFLyQ GH
GH UHWDUGDGRUHV GHO PRWRU SUHVLyQ GH FLHUUH HO LQWHUYDOR GH FLHUUH 9iOYXOD GHO SHGDO GHO IUHQR GH
\ DSHUWXUD QR VH SXHGH DMXVWDU VHUYLFLR GREOH(QYtD DLUH D ORV GRV
FLUFXLWRV GH IUHQRV GH VHUYLFLR
9iOYXOD GH VHJXULGDG,QVWDODGD HQ HO
WRPDFRUULHQWH GHO WDQTXH GH DLUH GH 9iOYXOD GH UHWHQFLyQ GREOH'LULJH OD
VXPLQLVWUR eVWD GHEH YHQWLODU D SUHVLyQ GH DLUH PiV IXHUWH GHO WDQTXH
&Ï02 321(5 $ )81&,21$5 (/ 6,67(0$ '( )5(126
&Ï02 321(5 $ )81&,21$5 (/ 6,67(0$ '( )5(126
&Ï02 321(5 $ )81&,21$5 (/ 02725
&Ï02 321(5 $ )81&,21$5 (/ 02725
&Ï02 321(5 $ )81&,21$5 (/ 02725
&Ï02 321(5 $ )81&,21$5 (/ 02725
&Ï02 321(5 $ )81&,21$5 (/ 02725
3URFHGLPLHQWR GH DUUDQTXH
35(&$8&,Ï1 35(&$8&,Ï1 FOLPD IUtR
1R SRQJD D IXQFLRQDU HO PRWRU GH 1R LQWHQWH SRQHU HQ PDUFKD HO
DUUDQTXH FXDQGR HO PRWRU HVWi YHKtFXOR DQWHV GH TXH OD SUHVLyQ $GHPiV GH ORV 3URFHGLPLHQWRV GH
IXQFLRQDQGR /RV HQJUDQDMHV GHO VLVWHPD GH DLUH DOFDQFH ORV DUUDQTXH QRUPDOHV DQWHULRUHV XWLOLFH
GHO YRODQWH \ PRWRU GH DUUDQTXH SVL N3D SRUTXH ODV UXHGDV ORV OLQHDPLHQWRV $UUDQTXH HQ FOLPDV
FKRFDUiQ R VH WUDEDUiQ 6L QR D~Q HVWDUiQ EORTXHDGDV SRU OD IUtRV FXDQGR OD WHPSHUDWXUD GHO DLUH
FXPSOH FRQ HVWD DGYHUWHQFLD SXHGH DFFLyQ GHO IUHQR GH UHVRUWH 3RGUtD HVWp SRU GHEDMR GH FLHUWD WHPSHUDWXUD
SURYRFDU GDxR DO HTXLSR RFDVLRQDU WHQVLyQ LQQHFHVDULD \ 5HYLVH VX 0DQXDO GH IXQFLRQDPLHQWR \
SRVLEOHV IDOODV HQ ORV IUHQRV VL HO PDQWHQLPLHQWR GHO PRWRU SDUD REWHQHU
(VSHUH KDVWD TXH VH UHJLVWUH OD YHKtFXOR VH YH IRU]DGR D PRYHUVH PiV GHWDOOHV VREUH FXiQGR VH QHFHVLWD
SUHVLyQ GH DFHLWH GHO PRWRU HQ DQWHV GH TXH HO VLVWHPD GH DLUH D\XGD SDUD DUUDQFDU HO YHKtFXOR HQ
HO PDQyPHWUR DQWHV GH SRQHU D DOFDQFH ORV SVL N3D 6L QR FOLPDV IUtRV
IXQFLRQDU D UDOHQWt R DFHOHUDU HO FXPSOH FRQ HVWD DGYHUWHQFLD SXHGH
PRWRU D PiV GH USP SURYRFDU GDxR DO HTXLSR 6L XWLOL]D HO HTXLSR HVSHFLDO GH
DUUDQTXH HQ IUtR pVWH OH D\XGDUi D
2EVHUYH ORV PDQyPHWURV GH DLUH DUUDQFDU HO PRWRU FRQ PiV IDFLOLGDG <
SULPDULR \ VHFXQGDULR $PERV HQ FOLPDV IUtRV HO DUUDQTXH GHO PRWRU
GHEHQ UHJLVWUDU SVL N3D UiSLGR D\XGDUi D DOLYLDU ODV FDUJDV
DQWHV GH OLEHUDU HO IUHQR GH UHVRUWH HQ HO VLVWHPD HOpFWULFR \ HO PRWRU GH
\ PRYHU HO YHKtFXOR $GHPiV DUUDQTXH 6L VLJXH HVWRV SRFRV \
UHYLVH VL KD\ DOJXQD IDOOD HQ HO VLPSOHV OLQHDPLHQWRV SURORQJDUi OD
VLVWHPD GH DODUPD \ FRUUtMDODV YLGD ~WLO GHO PRWRU GH VX YHKtFXOR
DQWHV GH SRQHU HQ PDUFKD HO
YHKtFXOR 0DQWHQJD HO VLVWHPD HOpFWULFR HQ
ySWLPDV FRQGLFLRQHV
&Ï02 321(5 $ )81&,21$5 (/ 02725
&Ï02 321(5 $ )81&,21$5 (/ 02725
&Ï02 321(5 $ )81&,21$5 (/ 02725
&Ï02 321(5 $ )81&,21$5 (/ 02725
&Ï02 321(5 $ )81&,21$5 (/ 02725
&Ï02 321(5 $ )81&,21$5 (/ 02725
&Ï02 321(5 $ )81&,21$5 (/ 02725
$'9(57(1&,$
1R XWLOLFH HO FRQWURO GH FUXFHUR
FXDQGR HVWp FRQGXFLHQGR HQ
FDUUHWHUDV FRQ SDYLPHQWR FRQ SRFD
WUDFFLyQ FDUUHWHUDV K~PHGDV FRQ ,QWHUUXSWRU GH HQFHQGLGRDSDJDGR
HVFDUFKD R QLHYH R FRQ EDVWDQWH LQWHUUXSWRU SDUD UHDQXGDUHVWDEOHFHU
WUi¿FR /D DFHOHUDFLyQ SURYRFDGD
SRU HO IXQFLRQDPLHQWR QRUPDO GHO
FRQWURO GH FUXFHUR SRGUtD RFDVLRQDU
TXH SLHUGD HO FRQWURO GH VX YHKtFXOR
\ SURYRTXH XQ DFFLGHQWH HQ HO TXH
VH SRGUtD OHVLRQDU 6L QR FXPSOH FRQ
HVWD DGYHUWHQFLD SXHGH RFDVLRQDU
OHVLRQHV SHUVRQDOHV OD PXHUWH R
GDxR DO HTXLSR R D OD SURSLHGDG
&Ï02 321(5 $ )81&,21$5 (/ 02725
&Ï02 321(5 $ )81&,21$5 (/ 02725
&Ï02 321(5 $ )81&,21$5 (/ 02725
&yPR XWLOL]DU HO FRQWURO FUXFHUR &RQWURO GHO YHQWLODGRU GHO VLJXLHQWH OD WHPSHUDWXUD GHO
SDUD RSHUDFLyQ 372 ¿MR PRWRU UHIULJHUDQWH GHO PRWRU DOFDQFH
DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH ORV )
&RQ¿JXUDFLyQ GH OD YHORFLGDG D & HO VLVWHPD GH DLUH
UDOHQWt DFRQGLFLRQDGR HVWp (1&(1','2
$VHJ~UHVH GH TXH ORV IUHQRV GH R KD\D DOFDQ]DGR XQ SXQWR GH
HVWDEOHFLPLHQWR HVWpQ DSOLFDGRV SUHVLyQ HVWDEOHFLGR R OD XQLGDG
(O YHQWLODGRU GHO PRWRU VH SXHGH GH FRQWURO GHO PRWRU GHWHFWH TXH
$VHJ~UHVH GH TXH OD WUDQVPLVLyQ OD WHPSHUDWXUD GH DGPLVLyQ GH
(1&(1'(5 FRQ XQ LQWHUUXSWRU
HVWp HQ 1HXWUDO QHXWUR DLUH OD WHPSHUDWXUD GHO DFHLWH R
TXH HVWi LQVWDODGR HQ HO SDQHO
DX[LOLDU GH LQWHUUXSWRUHV (VWR OH HO XVR GHO IUHQR GH FRPSUHVLyQ OR
&RQHFWH 372 VHJ~Q ODV
SHUPLWH HVWDEOHFHU HO YHQWLODGRU HQ UHTXLHUD
LQVWUXFFLRQHV GH IXQFLRQDPLHQWR
GHO IDEULFDQWH IXQFLRQDPLHQWR PDQXDO R DXWRPiWLFR
0XHYD HO LQWHUUXSWRU GH &RQ OD OODYH GH LJQLFLyQ HQ 21
HQFHQGLGRDSDJDGR D OD SRVLFLyQ HQFHQGLGD \ HO LQWHUUXSWRU
21 HQFHQGLGR GHO YHQWLODGRU HQ OD SRVLFLyQ
0$18$/ HO YHQWLODGRU GHO PRWRU
&DPELH HO LQWHUUXSWRU
HVWDUi (1&(1','2 VLQ LPSRUWDU
(67$%/(&(55($18'$5
OD WHPSHUDWXUD GHO PRWRU
SDUD REWHQHU ODV USP GHO PRWRU
GHVHDGDV &RQ HO LQWHUUXSWRU GHO YHQWLODGRU
GHO PRWRU HQ OD SRVLFLyQ $872
HO YHQWLODGRU GHO PRWRU VH
(1&(1'(5È DXWRPiWLFDPHQWH
FXDQGR VXFHGD DOJR GH OR
&Ï02 321(5 $ )81&,21$5 (/ 02725
&Ï02 321(5 $ )81&,21$5 (/ 02725
)81&,21$0,(172 '(/ (-( '( /$ 75$160,6,Ï175$6(52
)81&,21$0,(172 '(/ (-( '( /$ 75$160,6,Ï175$6(52
)81&,21$0,(172 '(/ (-( '( /$ 75$160,6,Ï175$6(52
)81&,21$0,(172 '(/ (-( '( /$ 75$160,6,Ï175$6(52
127$
6L VX YHKtFXOR FXHQWD FRQ
XQD WUDQVPLVLyQ DXWRPiWLFD
SRGUtD VHU QHFHVDULR FDPELDU OD
WUDQVPLVLyQ D OD SRVLFLyQ GH 1HXWUR
PRPHQWiQHDPHQWH SDUD SHUPLWLU
TXH ODV UDQXUDV GH EORTXHR GHO
GLIHUHQFLDO SULQFLSDO VH DFRSOHQ R
GHVDFRSOHQ FRPSOHWDPHQWH
)81&,21$0,(172 '(/ (-( '( /$ 75$160,6,Ï175$6(52
)81&,21$0,(172 '(/ (-( '( /$ 75$160,6,Ï175$6(52
(MH WUDVHUR GH UDQJR GREOH )XQFLRQDPLHQWR GHO HMH GH UDQJR FDPELDU HO UDQJR GH YHORFLGDG GHO
'RV YHORFLGDGHV GREOH HMH
)81&,21$0,(172 '(/ (-( '( /$ 75$160,6,Ï175$6(52
)81&,21$0,(172 '(/ (-( '( /$ 75$160,6,Ï175$6(52
%$-2 R $/72 HQ FUXFHUR 'H $/72 D %$-2 WHUUHQR WUDQVPLVLyQ QRUPDOPHQWH SDUD
HVFDEURVR PDQWHQHU OD YHORFLGDG GHVHDGD
&XDQGR FDPELD GH XQ WHUUHQR
HVFDEURVR D XQD FDUUHWHUD FDPELH 6L QHFHVLWD UHDOL]DU XQ FDPELR
HO HMH DO UDQJR $/72 GH OD VLJXLHQWH GHVFHQGHQWH GHO HMH SDUD REWHQHU PiV
PDQHUD SRWHQFLD R VL HVWi FRQGXFLHQGR HQ XQ
WHUUHQR HVFDEURVR
$VHJ~UHVH GH TXH HO GLIHUHQFLDO
HVWi '(6%/248($'2 0DQWHQJD OD YHORFLGDG GHO
YHKtFXOR DFHOHUDGRU RSULPLGR \
0DQWHQJD OD YHORFLGDG GHO
PXHYD OD SDODQFD GHO VHOHFWRU GH
YHKtFXOR DFHOHUDGRU RSULPLGR \
UDQJR D %$-2
PXHYD OD SDODQFD GHO VHOHFWRU GH
UDQJR D $/72 6LJD FRQGXFLHQGR FRQ HO
DFHOHUDGRU RSULPLGR KDVWD
6LJD FRQGXFLHQGR FRQ HO
TXH GHVHH KDFHU XQ FDPELR
DFHOHUDGRU RSULPLGR KDVWD
GHVFHQGHQWH GHO HMH
TXH GHVHH FDPELDU HO HMH
3DUD KDFHU XQ FDPELR
3DUD UHDOL]DU HO FDPELR GH HMH
GHVFHQGHQWH GHO HMH OLEHUH \
OLEHUH HO DFHOHUDGRU KDVWD TXH HO
RSULPD HO DFHOHUDGRU UiSLGDPHQWH
HMH FDPELH $KRUD HVWi HQ HO UDQJR
SDUD DXPHQWDU ODV 530 GHO PRWRU
GH HMH $/72 SDUD YHORFLGDGHV GH
(O HMH FDPELDUi DO UDQJR %$-2
FDUUHWHUD &DPELH OD WUDQVPLVLyQ
QRUPDOPHQWH SDUD DOFDQ]DU OD $KRUD HVWi HQ HO UDQJR %$-2 GHO
YHORFLGDG GH FUXFHUR GHVHDGD HMH SDUD WHUUHQRV HVFDEURVRV
\ FDUJDV SHVDGDV &DPELH OD
)81&,21$0,(172 '(/ (-( '( /$ 75$160,6,Ï175$6(52
)81&,21$0,(172 '(/ (-( '( /$ 75$160,6,Ï175$6(52
)81&,21$0,(172 '(/ (-( '( /$ 75$160,6,Ï175$6(52
)81&,21$0,(172 '(/ (-( '( /$ 75$160,6,Ï175$6(52
127$
12 '(%( VREUHSDVDU ODV
FODVL¿FDFLRQHV GH GHVOL]DPLHQWR
)81&,21$0,(172 '(/ (-( '( /$ 75$160,6,Ï175$6(52
)81&,21$0,(172 '(/ (-( '( /$ 75$160,6,Ï175$6(52
)81&,21$0,(172 '(/ (-( '( /$ 75$160,6,Ï175$6(52
/LQHDPLHQWRV GH IXQFLRQDPLHQWR
%DMH ORV HMHV LPSXOVRUHV R WUDVHURV
127$
FRQ OD YiOYXOD GH FRQPXWDFLyQ GH
FRQWURO GH HOHYDFLyQ GHO HMH (Q 6L VREUHSDVD ORV OtPLWHV GH SHVR 127$
DOJXQRV HMHV QR GH HOHYDFLyQ LQÀH ORFDOHV HVWDWDOHV R IHGHUDOHV HV /RV HMHV LPSXOVRUHV R WUDVHURV
OD VXVSHQVLyQ QHXPiWLFD SRVLEOH TXH OD SROLFtD OH H[WLHQGD GH GLUHFFLyQ VH HOHYDUiQ FXDQGR
XQD LQIUDFFLyQ &RPXQtTXHVH FRQ OD WUDQVPLVLyQ FDPELH D UHYHUVD
$MXVWH OD FDQWLGDG GH FDUJD GH OD R¿FLQD ORFDO TXH HVWDEOHFH ORV R FXDQGR DSOLTXH ORV IUHQRV GH
FDGD HMH JLUDQGR KDFLD OD GHUHFKD OtPLWHV GH SHVR FRPHUFLDO SDUD HVWDU HVWDFLRQDPLHQWR
HO UHJXODGRU GH SUHVLyQ SDUD HQWHUDGR VREUH HVWRV OtPLWHV HQ VX
DXPHQWDU OD FDUJD R KDFLD OD iUHD
L]TXLHUGD SDUD GLVPLQXLUOD (V
SRVLEOH TXH HO IDEULFDQWH GH OD
VXVSHQVLyQ KD\D HVWDEOHFLGR FRQ
DQWHULRULGDG ODV FRQ¿JXUDFLRQHV
GH SUHVLyQ GH OD UHODFLyQ SUHVLyQ \
FDUJD SDUD D\XGDUOR D REWHQHU XQ
FiOFXOR GH OD FDUJD HQ WLHUUD
'HVSXpV GH HVWDEOHFHU OD SUHVLyQ
SDUD REWHQHU OD FDUJD GH HMH TXH
GHVHD YHUL¿TXH OD FDUJD EDVH
DSURSLDGD FRQ OD EiVFXOD
)81&,21$0,(172 '(/ (-( '( /$ 75$160,6,Ï175$6(52
&yPR PD[LPL]DU OD WUDFFLyQ GHO HMH &yPR DFRSODU D XQ UHPROTXH &yPR GHVFDUJDU HO UHPROTXH
GH WUDQVPLVLyQ FDUJDGR
6LHPSUH GHVLQÀH ORV DPRUWLJXDGRUHV
$MXVWH OD SHULOOD GH FRQWURO GHO ,QÀH ORV DPRUWLJXDGRUHV QHXPiWLFRV QHXPiWLFRV GH ORV HMHV DX[LOLDUHV DQWHV
UHJXODGRU GH SUHVLyQ D XQD SUHVLyQ GH ORV HMHV DX[LOLDUHV KDVWD REWHQHU GH LQWHQWDU GHVFDUJDU HO YHKtFXOR (VWR
PiV EDMD KDVWD TXH REWHQJD OD WUDFFLyQ OD SUHVLyQ TXH GHVHD GHVSXpV GH SHUPLWH TXH OD WUDFFLyQ Pi[LPD GH
GHVHDGD $O UHGXFLU OD SUHVLyQ GH DFRSODUOR FRQ XQ UHPROTXH FDUJDGR \ ORV HMHV GH WUDQVPLVLyQ FRQWUROH HO
DLUH HQ HO HMH LPSXOVRU R WUDVHUR OD PLHQWUDV PDQWLHQH OD WUDFFLyQ FRUUHFWD YHKtFXOR
FDUJD VH WUDQVIHULUi D ORV HMHV GH GH ORV HMHV GH WUDQVPLVLyQ
WUDQVPLVLyQ 1R VREUHFDUJXH ORV HMHV
GH WUDQVPLVLyQ
)81&,21$0,(172 '(/ (-( '( /$ 75$160,6,Ï175$6(52
(MHV QR GH HOHYDFLyQ 1R GH
GLUHFFLyQ
)81&,21$0,(172 '( /$ 75$160,6,Ï1
)81&,21$0,(172 '( /$ 75$160,6,Ï1
)81&,21$0,(172 '( /$ 75$160,6,Ï1
)81&,21$0,(172 '( /$ 75$160,6,Ï1
)81&,21$0,(172 '( /$ 75$160,6,Ï1
5HFRUULGR \ IUHQR GHO HPEUDJXH RSHUDGRUFRQGXFWRU GHO IDEULFDQWH 'XUDQWH XQD FRQGXFFLyQ QRUPDO
SDUD REWHQHU GHWDOOHV DGLFLRQDOHV
(O IUHQR GHO HPEUDJXH VH XWLOL]D 6L TXLHUH FDPELDU GLUHFWDPHQWH D
SDUD GHWHQHU ORV HQJUDQDMHV GH 6L OD WUDQVPLVLyQ WLHQH XQ SUREOHPD HQ FXDOTXLHU RWUD PDUFKD TXH QR VHD
OD WUDQVPLVLyQ OR TXH OH SHUPLWH ORV GLHQWHV GH DFRSODPLHQWR \ XVWHG SULPHUD R UHYHUVD RSULPD HO SHGDO GHO
FDPELDU IiFLOPHQWH D SULPHUD PDUFKD QR SXHGH DFRSODU XQD PDUFKD OLEHUH HPEUDJXH ~QLFDPHQWH OR VX¿FLHQWH
R D UHYHUVD VLQ TXH UHFKLQHQ ORV JUDGXDOPHQWH HO HPEUDJXH $Vt HO SDUD OLEHUDU HO HPEUDJXH $O SUHVLRQDU
HQJUDQDMHV $SUR[LPDGDPHQWH OD HQJUDQDMH LPSXOVRU SRGUi URGDU OR HO HPEUDJXH KDVWD HO SLVR VH DSOLFD HO
~OWLPD SXOJDGD GHO UHFRUULGR GHO SHGDO VX¿FLHQWH SDUD SHUPLWLU TXH ORV GLHQWHV IUHQR GHO HPEUDJXH \ SRGUtD RFDVLRQDU
GHO HPEUDJXH DFWLYD HO IUHQR GHO VH DOLQHHQ FRUUHFWDPHQWH \ FRPSOHWH TXH IDOOH HO HQJUDQDMH
HPEUDJXH HO FDPELR
35(&$8&,Ï1
3DUD DSOLFDU HO IUHQR GHO HPEUDJXH
PLHQWUDV HO YHKtFXOR HVWi SDUDGR 7HQJD FXLGDGR GH QR DSOLFDU HO IUHQR
RSULPD FRPSOHWDPHQWH HO SHGDO GHO HPEUDJXH PLHQWUDV HO YHKtFXOR
GHO HPEUDJXH KDVWD OD WDEOD GHO HVWi HQ PRYLPLHQWR (O SURSyVLWR
SLVR SDUD GHWHQHU ORV HQJUDQDMHV GHO IUHQR GHO HPEUDJXH HV GHWHQHU
&RQ OD DFHOHUDFLyQ D UDOHQWt OD WUDQVPLVLyQ SDUD TXH SXHGD
VHOHFFLRQH OD SULPHUD PDUFKD \ FDPELDU D XQD PDUFKD GH DUUDQTXH
OXHJR OLEHUH HO SHGDO GHO HPEUDJXH VLQ TXH UHFKLQHQ ORV HQJUDQDMHV 6L
SDUD SHUPLWLU TXH HO YHKtFXOR DSOLFD HO IUHQR GHO HPEUDJXH FXDQGR
DUUDQTXH HQ DYDQFH KDVWD TXH HO YHKtFXOR HVWi HQ PRYLPLHQWR
HO HPEUDJXH HVWp FRPSOHWDPHQWH RFDVLRQD XQ HIHFWR GH IUHQDGR HQ HO
DFRSODGR &RQVXOWH HO 0DQXDO WUHQ PRWUL] \ DFRUWD OD YLGD ~WLO GHO
GH LQVWUXFFLRQHV SDUD HO IUHQR GHO HPEUDJXH
)81&,21$0,(172 '( /$ 75$160,6,Ï1
'REOH DSOLFDFLyQ GHO HPEUDJXH &DPELRV DVFHQGHQWHV 'HMH 0iV VXJHUHQFLDV SDUD OD
TXH HO PRWRU \ ORV HQJUDQDMHV WUDQVPLVLyQ
<D VHD TXH HVWp KDFLHQGR XQ FDPELR
GLVPLQX\DQ OD YHORFLGDG D ODV
DVFHQGHQWH R GHVFHQGHQWH HV PHMRU
530 TXH VHDQ QHFHVDULDV $UUDVWUH GHO HPEUDJXH
DSOLFDU GRV YHFHV HO HPEUDJXH /D
SDUD OD VLJXLHQWH PDUFKD
GREOH DSOLFDFLyQ GHO HPEUDJXH HV (O HPEUDJXH QR HV XQ UHSRVDSLpV 1R
PHMRU SDUD OD WUDQVPLVLyQ \ HO PRWRU &DPELRV GHVFHQGHQWHV FRQGX]FD FRQ HO SLH DSR\DGR HQ HO
D\XGD D VX YHKtFXOR D LJXDODU OD 3UHVLRQH HO DFHOHUDGRU SHGDO GHO HPEUDJXH (VWR SHUPLWLUi
YHORFLGDG GHO PRWRU FRQ OD YHORFLGDG DXPHQWH OD YHORFLGDG GHO TXH HO HPEUDJXH SDWLQH RFDVLRQDQGR
GH OD OtQHD GH OD WUDQVPLVLyQ \ ORJUDU HQJUDQDMH \ HO PRWRU D ODV GHPDVLDGR FDORU \ GHVJDVWH HVWR
FDPELRV VLQ UHFKLQLGR 530 TXH VHDQ QHFHVDULDV HQ SRGUtD GDxDUOR
OD PDUFKD PiV EDMD
3DUD DSOLFDU HO GREOH HPEUDJXH
$KRUD SUHVLRQH UiSLGDPHQWH
3UHVLRQH KDFLD DEDMR HO SHGDO GHO HO SHGDO SDUD GHVFRQHFWDU HO
HPEUDJXH SDUD GHVFRQHFWDU HO HPEUDJXH \ PXHYD OD SDODQFD
HPEUDJXH GH FDPELRV GH PDUFKD D OD
0XHYD OD SDODQFD GH FDPELR GH VLJXLHQWH SRVLFLyQ GH YHORFLGDG
HQJUDQDMHV D QHXWUR GHO HQJUDQDMH
)81&,21$0,(172 '( /$ 75$160,6,Ï1
'HVJDVWH GHO FRMLQHWH GH OLEHUDFLyQ $MXVWH GHO HPEUDJXH 1R UHDOLFH FDPELRV GHVFHQGHQWHV
FXDQGR HO YHKtFXOR VH HVWp
&XDQGR QHFHVLWH TXH VX PRWRU ,QVSHFFLRQH ORV HPEUDJXHV PDQXDOHV
PRYLHQGR PX\ UiSLGR
IXQFLRQH D UDOHQWt SRU FLHUWR WLHPSR GH DFXHUGR FRQ ODV UHFRPHQGDFLRQHV
FDPELH VX WUDQVPLVLyQ D QHXWUR \ GHO IDEULFDQWH 6H GHEH VHJXLU HO 1R JROSHH QL MDOH FRQ IXHU]D
GHVFRQHFWH HO HPEUDJXH UHWLUH VX SLH PDQWHQLPLHQWR UHJXODU SDUD PDQWHQHU OD SDODQFD GH FDPELRV SDUD
GHO SHGDO (VWR D\XGDUi D HYLWDU HO HO DMXVWH FRUUHFWR GHO HPEUDJXH FRPSOHWDU HO DFRSODPLHQWR GH OD
GHVJDVWH LQQHFHVDULR GHO FRMLQHWH GH 3LGD DO 'HSDUWDPHQWR GH VHUYLFLR GHO PDUFKD
OLEHUDFLyQ GHO HPEUDJXH \ WDPELpQ GLVWULEXLGRU TXH UHDOLFH ORV DMXVWHV
VHUi PHQRV FDQVDGR SDUD XVWHG QHFHVDULRV 1R KDJD IXQFLRQDU HO PRWRU HQ
PDUFKD OLEUH FRQ OD WUDQVPLVLyQ
&RQVHMRV HQ QHXWUR \ HO HPEUDJXH
GHVDFRSODGR
6LHPSUH XWLOLFH HO HPEUDJXH SDUD
KDFHU FDPELRV DVFHQGHQWHV R 3DUD TXH ODV PDUFKDV VH DFRSOHQ
GHVFHQGHQWHV IiFLOPHQWH PLHQWUDV VH UHDOL]D HO
FDPELR XWLOLFH OD FRRUGLQDFLyQ
6LHPSUH VHOHFFLRQH XQ HQJUDQDMH FRUUHFWD HQWUH OD SDODQFD GH
GH DUUDQTXH TXH SURSRUFLRQH FDPELRV \ HO HPEUDJXH
XQD GLVPLQXFLyQ FRQVLGHUDEOH GHO
HQJUDQDMH SDUD OD FDUJD \ WHUUHQR
)81&,21$0,(172 '( /$ 75$160,6,Ï1
)81&,21$0,(172 '( /$ 75$160,6,Ï1
(Q OD PD\RUtD GH WUDQVPLVLRQHV
7UDQVPLVLRQHV DX[LOLDUHV (MH GH GLUHFFLyQ
DXWRPiWLFDV QR KD\ SRVLFLyQ 6L WLHQH LQVWDODGD XQD WUDQVPLVLyQ 35(&$8&,Ï1
3$5. HVWDFLRQDPLHQWR SRU DX[LOLDU HQ VX .HQZRUWK FRQVXOWH
OR TXH GHEHUi DSOLFDU HO IUHQR (O FOLHQWH QR SXHGH FDPELDU ODV
HO 0DQXDO GH LQVWUXFFLRQHV GHO
GH HVWDFLRQDPLHQWR DQWHV GH UHODFLRQHV HQWUH HMHV R OODQWDV VLQ
RSHUDGRUFRQGXFWRU GHO IDEULFDQWH GH
DEDQGRQDU OD FDELQD &RQVXOWH OD DSUREDFLyQ GH ,QJHQLHUtD GH
OD WUDQVPLVLyQ SDUD DSUHQGHU FyPR
&yPR XWLOL]DU HO IUHQR GH .HQZRUWK
SRQHUOR D IXQFLRQDU FRUUHFWDPHQWH
HVWDFLRQDPLHQWR HQ OD SiJLQD
6L WLHQH LQVWDODGD XQ HMH GH GLUHFFLyQ
RULHQWDEOH HQ VX .HQZRUWK FRQVXOWH
$'9(57(1&,$ HO 0DQXDO GH LQVWUXFFLRQHV GHO
1R DEDQGRQH OD FDELQD VLQ DSOLFDU RSHUDGRUFRQGXFWRU GHO IDEULFDQWH GH
HO IUHQR GH HVWDFLRQDPLHQWR OD FDMD GH WUDQVIHUHQFLDWUDQVPLVLyQ
(O FDPLyQ SRGUtD GDU YXHOWD \ DX[LOLDU SDUD DSUHQGHU FyPR SRQHUOR D
RFDVLRQDU XQ DFFLGHQWH $SOLTXH HO IXQFLRQDU FRUUHFWDPHQWH
IUHQR GH HVWDFLRQDPLHQWR VLHPSUH
DQWHV GH VDOLU GH OD FDELQD 6L QR
FXPSOH FRQ HVWD DGYHUWHQFLD SXHGH
RFDVLRQDU OHVLRQHV SHUVRQDOHV OD
PXHUWH R GDxR DO HTXLSR R D OD
SURSLHGDG
$3$*$'2
$3$*$'2
$3$*$'2
$3$*$'2
$3$*$'2
$3$*$'2
0$17(1,0,(172
0$17(1,0,(172 35(9(17,92
,QWURGXFFLyQ
3UHFDXFLRQHV GH VHJXULGDG
0DWHULDOHV SHOLJURVRV \ SURWHFFLyQ DPELHQWDO
6(&8(1&,$ '( 0$17(1,0,(172 < /8%5,&$&,Ï1
,QWURGXFFLyQ
6HFXHQFLD H LQWHUYDORV GH PDQWHQLPLHQWR SUHYHQWLYR
(VSHFL¿FDFLRQHV GH OXEULFDFLyQ
'HSyVLWRV GH DFHLWH
*Ui¿FD GH OXEULFDFLyQ
0$17(1,0,(172 '(/ 6,67(0$ '( $,5(
,QWURGXFFLyQ
0DQWHQLPLHQWR SURJUDPDGR
7DQTXHV GH DLUH
,QGLFDGRUHV GH DLUH \ IXJDV GH DLUH
&RPSUHVRU GH DLUH
6HFDGRU GH DLUH
0$17(1,0,(172
0$17(1,0,(172
0$17(1,0,(172
0$17(1,0,(172
0$17(1,0,(172
0$17(1,0,(172
0$17(1,0,(172 35(9(17,92
0$17(1,0,(172 35(9(17,92
0$17(1,0,(172 35(9(17,92
0DWHULDOHV SHOLJURVRV \
SURWHFFLyQ DPELHQWDO $'9(57(1&,$
(VWH YHKtFXOR FRQWLHQH PDWHULDOHV
$OJXQRV GH ORV LQJUHGLHQWHV HQ HO DFHLWH TXH HO (VWDGR GH &DOLIRUQLD
GHO PRWRU DFHLWH KLGUiXOLFR DFHLWH GHO UHFRQRFH TXH RFDVLRQDQ FiQFHU R
HMH \ GH OD WUDQVPLVLyQ UHIULJHUDQWH GHO GHIHFWRV JHQpWLFRV DVt FRPR GDxRV
PRWRU FRPEXVWLEOH GLHVHO UHIULJHUDQWH HQ HO VLVWHPD UHSURGXFWLYR (VWH
GHO DLUH DFRQGLFLRQDGR 5D \ UHTXHULPLHQWR GH DGYHUWHQFLD HV
DFHLWH 3$* EDWHUtDV HWF SXHGHQ RUGHQDGR SRU OD OH\ GH &DOLIRUQLD
FRQWDPLQDU HO DPELHQWH VL VH GHUUDPDQ SURSXHVWD \ QR HV UHVXOWDGR
R QR VH GHVHFKDQ DSURSLDGDPHQWH GH FXDOTXLHU FDPELR HQ OD IRUPD HQ
(O LQFXPSOLPLHQWR GH ODV UHJXODFLRQHV TXH VRQ IDEULFDGRV ORV YHKtFXORV GH
DPELHQWDOHV SXHGH RFDVLRQDU PXOWDV R .HQZRUWK 7UXFN &RPSDQ\
HQFDUFHODFLRQHV &RPXQtTXHVH FRQ
VX DJHQFLD ORFDO GHO JRELHUQR SDUD
35(&$8&,Ï1
REWHQHU LQIRUPDFLyQ FRQ UHVSHFWR D OD
IRUPD DSURSLDGD GH GHVHFKDUORV 0DQLSXOH FRQ FXLGDGR ORV
OXEULFDQWHV /RV OXEULFDQWHV GHO
YHKtFXOR DFHLWH \ JUDVD SXHGHQ VHU
Wy[LFRV \ RFDVLRQDU HQIHUPHGDGHV
7DPELpQ SXHGHQ GDxDU OD SLQWXUD
GHO YHKtFXOR
6(&8(1&,$ '( 0$17(1,0,(172 < /8%5,&$&,Ï1
6(&8(1&,$ '( 0$17(1,0,(172 < /8%5,&$&,Ï1
9DULOOD GH GLUHFFLyQ *UDVD SDUD WUDEDMR SHVDGR 1/*, GH SUHVLyQ H[WUHPD FRQ EDVH GH OLWLR OOHQD FRQ
PROLEGHQR FRQ SLVWROD PDQXDO ~QLFDPHQWH
6RSRUWH GH OD FDMD GH *UDVD SDUD WUDEDMR SHVDGR 1/*, GH SUHVLyQ H[WUHPD FRQ EDVH GH OLWLR OOHQD FRQ
YHORFLGDGHV PROLEGHQR FRQ SLVWROD PDQXDO ~QLFDPHQWH
6(&8(1&,$ '( 0$17(1,0,(172 < /8%5,&$&,Ï1
6(&8(1&,$ '( 0$17(1,0,(172 < /8%5,&$&,Ï1
6(&8(1&,$ '( 0$17(1,0,(172 < /8%5,&$&,Ï1
6(&8(1&,$ '( 0$17(1,0,(172 < /8%5,&$&,Ï1
6(&8(1&,$ '( 0$17(1,0,(172 < /8%5,&$&,Ï1
6(&8(1&,$ '( 0$17(1,0,(172 < /8%5,&$&,Ï1
6(&8(1&,$ '( 0$17(1,0,(172 < /8%5,&$&,Ï1
6(&8(1&,$ '( 0$17(1,0,(172 < /8%5,&$&,Ï1
6(&8(1&,$ '( 0$17(1,0,(172 < /8%5,&$&,Ï1
,17(59$/26 &20(17$5,26
23(5$&,Ï1)5(&8(1&,$ PL PL PL PL
NP
NP NP NP
$QXDOPHQWH
,038/62 ,1,&,$/ $ % & '
2SHUDFLyQ GHO IUHQR GHO HPEUDJXH , , ,
5HFRUULGR OLEUH GHO SHGDO GHO HPEUDJXH
, , ,
BBBBB SXOJDGDV
6L HO YLGULR WLHQH UDMDGXUDV R DVWLOODV , , , $
2SHUDFLyQ GH OD YHQWDQD GH OD SXHUWD
/XFHV LQWHULRUHV 5HHPSODFH VHJ~Q VHD QHFHVDULR
&RQGLFLyQDSDULHQFLD LQWHULRU 5HYLVDU VL KD\ UD\RQHV PDQFKDV GHVJDVWH
$VLHQWRV , , , ,
$OIRPEUDV , , , ,
3DQHOHV GH OD SXHUWD , , , ,
)RUUR GHO WHFKR , , , ,
7DEOHUR , , , ,
'RUPLWRULR , , , ,
&XELHUWDV , , , ,
6(&8(1&,$ '( 0$17(1,0,(172 < /8%5,&$&,Ï1
,17(59$/26 &20(17$5,26
23(5$&,Ï1)5(&8(1&,$ PL PL PL PL
NP
NP NP NP
$QXDOPHQWH
2SHUDFLyQ GHO OLPSLDSDUDEULVDV , , , $
&RQGLFLyQ GH ODV KRMDV GH KXOH GHO , , , $
OLPSLDSDUDEULVDV
%RFLQDV HOpFWULFDV \ GH DLUH , , , $
(VSHMRV , , , $
(48,32 '( 6(*85,'$' $ % & '
9DFLDU HO DJXD GH ORV WDQTXHV GH DLUH , , , , 'LDULDPHQWH
9iOYXOD GH UHWHQFLyQ GHO WDQTXH GH DLUH , , , $
2SHUDFLyQ GH HPHUJHQFLD GH ORV IUHQRV GH
, , , $
UHVRUWH
3UHVLyQ GH DLUH 7LHPSR GH DFXPXODFLyQ
, $
BBBBBBB PLQ
3UHVLyQ GH DLUH FRQWURODGD BBBBBBB SVL , $
3UHVLyQ GH DLUH &DH 6LQ DSOLFDU ORV
, $
IUHQRV BBB
3UHVLyQ GH DLUH &DH 6LQ DSOLFDU ORV
, $
IUHQRV BBB
&DUJD GHO H[WLQWRU GH LQFHQGLRV 5HFRPHQGDFLyQ GH UHHPSOD]R R UHFDUJD
GH DFXHUGR FRQ ODV UHFRPHQGDFLRQHV GHO
IDEULFDQWH GHO H[WLQWRU GH LQFHQGLRV
5HÀHFWRUHVNLW GH OLQWHUQDV GH DGYHUWHQFLD $
,163(&&,Ï1 '(/ &Ë5&8/2 $ % & '
'DxR ItVLFR
/iPLQD H[WHULRU , , , ,
5HMLOOD \ UDGLDGRU , , , ,
&RQHFWRUHV \ FRUGyQ GH OX] \ GHO UHPROTXH , , , $
6(&8(1&,$ '( 0$17(1,0,(172 < /8%5,&$&,Ï1
,17(59$/26 &20(17$5,26
23(5$&,Ï1)5(&8(1&,$ PL PL PL PL
NP
NP NP NP
$QXDOPHQWH
&RQHFWRUHV UiSLGRV \ OtQHDV DpUHDV , , , $
$JXMD JDQFKRFRQGLFLyQ GHO RMR , , , $
0RQWDMH \ FRQGLFLyQ GH OD WD 5XHGD , , , $
)DURV OX] DOWD \ EDMD , , , $
/XFHV GH OD FDUUHWHUD , , , $
/XFHV LQGLFDGRUDV , , , $
6HxDOHV GH JLUR , , , $
/X] LQWHUPLWHQWH GH HPHUJHQFLD , , , $
/XFHV GHO IUHQR , , , $
/XFHV GH FDUJDUHWURFHVR , , , $
0DWUtFXODV 3HUPLVRV \ PRQWDMH , , , $
*XDUGDIDQJRVTXH VH SXHGHQ UHSDUDU , , , $
0RQWDMH GHO WDQTXH GH FRPEXVWLEOH , , , $
6LVWHPD GH HVFDSH 3HUQRV GH PRQWDMH \ , , , $
FRQGLFLyQ
7RUTXH GHO D¿DQ]DGRU GHO EDVWLGRU , $ &RQVXOWHOD FODYH GH OD WDEOD HQ OD SiJLQD
/XEULFDU
, ,
%LVDJUDV \ FHUUDGXUDV GH OD SXHUWD
6RSRUWHV GH OD FDUURFHUtD ~QLFDPHQWH
, ,
FDPLRQHV DUUHJODGRV
/DGRV GH OD FDUURFHUtD \ SDQHOHV GHO WHFKR
, ,
&DPLRQHV DUUHJODGRV
0RQWDMHV GH OD VXVSHQVLyQ GH DLUH GH OD &RQVXOWH 5HFRPHQGDFLRQHV GH ORV
, ,
FDELQD \ GHO GRUPLWRULR IDEULFDQWHV
6(&8(1&,$ '( 0$17(1,0,(172 < /8%5,&$&,Ï1
,17(59$/26 &20(17$5,26
23(5$&,Ï1)5(&8(1&,$ PL PL PL PL
NP
NP NP NP
$QXDOPHQWH
&RIUH 5HHPSOD]DU VL HVWi GDxDGR
, ,
&HUUDGXUDV GH UHWHQFLyQ
%ORTXHR GH VHJXULGDG , , 5HHPSODFH VHJ~Q VHD QHFHVDULR
(QVDPEOH GHO SLYRWH GHODQWHUR , ,
6(59,&,2 '(/ 02725 $ % & '
$FHLWH GHO PRWRU FDPELDU &RQVXOWH HO 0DQXDO GHO RSHUDGRU GHO
1LYHO GH DFHLWH GHO PRWRU IDEULFDQWH GHO PRWRU TXH VH SURSRUFLRQD
)LOWURV GH DFHLWH FRQ HVWH FKDVLV
)LOWURV GH FRPEXVWLEOH
)LOWUR GH SDUWtFXODV GH GLHVHO '3)
9DFtH HO DJXD GHO VLVWHPD GH FRPEXVWLEOH
6LQFURQL]DFLyQ GHO PRWRU
(QIULDPLHQWR
5HYLVDU DGLWLYRDFRQGLFLRQDGRU
FRPSOHPHQWDULR GH DFXHUGR FRQ ODV
HVSHFL¿FDFLRQHV GHO IDEULFDQWHBBBBBBB
1LYHO GH UHIULJHUDQWH , , , ,
3URWHFFLyQ GHO UHIULJHUDQWH BBBBBBB
, ,
JUDGRV
3UXHED GH SUHVLyQ 5HYLVDU DO PRPHQWR GHO UHHPSOD]R GHO
, , ,
UHIULJHUDQWH
5HHPSOD]DU ¿OWUR GH DJXD 5 1XHYD YHUVLyQ HQ . 6HJ~Q
UHFRPHQGDFLRQHV GHO IDEULFDQWH GHO ¿OWUR
GHO PRWRU
&RQGLFLyQ \ FRQH[LRQHV GH OD PDQJXHUD , , ,
0RQWDMH GHO UDGLDGRU , ,
6(&8(1&,$ '( 0$17(1,0,(172 < /8%5,&$&,Ï1
,17(59$/26 &20(17$5,26
23(5$&,Ï1)5(&8(1&,$ PL PL PL PL
NP
NP NP NP
$QXDOPHQWH
5HIXHU]R GHO YHQWLODGRU , ,
5HIXHU]RV GH DQLOOR , ,
(QVDPEOH GHO YHQWLODGRU \ SROHD LQWHUPHGLD , , (O VHUYLFLR QR HV QHFHVDULR HQ ODV XQLGDGHV
(6,
5HYLVDU VL OD ERPED GH DJXD WLHQH , ,
IXJDVMXHJR
5DGLDGRU FRQGLFLyQ H[WHULRU 8QD YH] FDGD PLOODV NP
5HHPSODFH HO UHIULJHUDQWH GHO PRWRU 3DUD HO UHHPSOD]R GHO UHIULJHUDQWH FRQVXOWH
HO 0DQXDO GHO RSHUDGRU GHO PRWRU LQFOXLGR
FRQ HVWH FKDVLV
7XEHUtD GHO HQIULDGRU GH DLUH GH FDUJD
$SULHWH ODV DEUD]DGHUDV GHVSXpV GH ODV
&$& SULPHUDV PLOODV NP
&RQVXOWH 9DORUHV GH WRUTXH GH OD
DEUD]DGHUD GH OD PDQJXHUD \ WXER HQ OD
SiJLQD
'HSXUDGRU GH DLUH 5 5HHPSOD]DU XQD YH] DO DxRUHVWULFFLyQ GHO
GHSXUDGRU GH DLUH 5HHPSOD]DUOR VL HV
PD\RU GH
$EUD]DGHUDV GHO WXER GH DGPLVLyQ GH DLUH
$SULHWH ODV DEUD]DGHUDV GHVSXpV GH ODV
SULPHUDV PLOODV NP
&RQVXOWH 9DORUHV GH WRUTXH GH OD
DEUD]DGHUD GH OD PDQJXHUD \ WXER HQ OD
SiJLQD
$FXPXODFLyQ GH FRQWDPLQDQWHV , , 5HYLVDU FDGD PLOODV .P
HQ FRQGLFLRQHV GH VXFLHGDG
5HVWULFFLyQ GHO GHSXUDGRU GH DLUH BBB
, , ,
UHHPSOD]DU VL HV PD\RU TXH
6(&8(1&,$ '( 0$17(1,0,(172 < /8%5,&$&,Ï1
,17(59$/26 &20(17$5,26
23(5$&,Ï1)5(&8(1&,$ PL PL PL PL
NP
NP NP NP
$QXDOPHQWH
9iOYXOD GHO HYDFXDGRU )XQFLRQDPLHQWR \
, ,
FRQGLFLyQ
3HUQRV GH PRQWDMH , ,
)XJDV , ,
,QWHUIHUHQFLD , ,
&RQGLFLyQ \ FRQH[LRQHV GH OD PDQJXHUD , , , 5HYLVDU VL KD\ IXJDV \ UDMDGXUDV
'LUHFFLyQ KLGUiXOLFD QLYHO GHO GHSyVLWR , , , ,
/tTXLGR GH OD GLUHFFLyQ KLGUiXOLFD 'DU VHUYLFLR YHFHV DO DxR ,QWHUYDORV GH
5 5
UHHPSOD]DU PLOODV NP
)LOWUR GH OD GLUHFFLyQ KLGUiXOLFD UHHPSOD]DU &RQVXOWHOD FODYH GH OD WDEOD HQ OD SiJLQD
5 5
&RQGLFLyQ GHO YHQWLODGRU \ OD FRUUHD GH 3DUD REWHQHU GHWDOOHV VREUH HO UHHPSOD]R
WUDFFLyQ DFFHVRULD , , , GH OD FRUUHD YHD HO 0DQXDO GHO RSHUDGRU GHO
PRWRU TXH VH LQFOX\H FRQ HVWH FKDVLV
0RQWDMH GHO FRPSUHVRU GH DLUH
, ,
DFRQGLFLRQDGR
$\XGDV GH DUUDQTXH HQ IUtR , , ,
6HOORV GH VHJXULGDG GH OD ERPED \
$
JREHUQDGRU HQ EXHQDV FRQGLFLRQHV
5DOHQWt DOWR BBBBBBBB 530 $
$SDJDGR GH HPHUJHQFLD , , ,
&RQGLFLyQ GHO DPRUWLJXDGRU GH YLEUDFLyQ , ,
6(&8(1&,$ '( 0$17(1,0,(172 < /8%5,&$&,Ï1
,17(59$/26 &20(17$5,26
23(5$&,Ï1)5(&8(1&,$ PL PL PL PL
NP
NP NP NP
$QXDOPHQWH
6LVWHPD GHO JLUR GHO PRWRU , , ,
5HYLVDU VL HQ HO DUQpVFDEOHV KD\ $ 3DUD JDUDQWL]DU OD LQVSHFFLyQ DGHFXDGD
FRQH[LRQHV ÀRMDV VXMHWDGRUHV GH UHWHQFLyQ SXHGH VHU QHFHVDULR LQVSHFFLRQDU GHEDMR
URWRV GHVJDVWDGRV \ D XQ ODGR GH ORV ULHOHV GHO EDVWLGRU \
&RQVXPR GHO DUUDQTXH BBBBBBBBB YROWLRV GHVWUDEDU HO FRQMXQWR GH DUQpVFDEOH
6LVWHPD GH FDUJDDOWHUQDGRU , , , 3DUD JDUDQWL]DU OD LQVSHFFLyQ DGHFXDGD
5HYLVDU VL HQ HO DUQpVFDEOHV KD\ , $ SXHGH VHU QHFHVDULR LQVSHFFLRQDU GHEDMR
FRQH[LRQHV ÀRMDV VXMHWDGRUHV GH UHWHQFLyQ \ D XQ ODGR GH ORV ULHOHV GHO EDVWLGRU \
URWRV GHVJDVWDGRV GHVWUDEDU HO FRQMXQWR GH DUQpVFDEOH
9ROWDMH GH VDOLGD BBBBBBBBB YROWLRV
6LVWHPD GH HVFDSH 5HYLVH VL KD\ IXJDV \ VL FXHQWD FRQ HO
,
VRSRUWH DGHFXDGR
$SULHWH OD SDWD FRQ ORV SHUQRV GH OD FDEH]D
6RSRUWHV WUDVHURV GHO PRWRU , GH OD EULGD GH PRQWDMH D OESLHV
1P GH WRUTXH
&20321(17(6 '(/$17(526 $ % & '
&RQGLFLyQ GH ORV FRPSRQHQWHV GH OD
, , , ,
GLUHFFLyQ
(QJUDQH GH OD GLUHFFLyQ , $
-XQWDV \ FDQDOHV GHO HMH GH GLUHFFLyQ , , , $
%UD]R 3LWPDQ , , $
9DULOOD GH GLUHFFLyQ , , $
%UD]RV GH OD GLUHFFLyQ , , $
%UD]RV GH OD EDUUD GH DFRSODPLHQWR , , $
([WUHPRV GH OD EDUUD GH DFRSODPLHQWR , , $
%UD]RV GH WRUTXHEDUUDV UDGLDOHV , , $
6(&8(1&,$ '( 0$17(1,0,(172 < /8%5,&$&,Ï1
,17(59$/26 &20(17$5,26
23(5$&,Ï1)5(&8(1&,$ PL PL PL PL
NP
NP NP NP
$QXDOPHQWH
)LVXUDV R TXHEUDGXUDV HQ HO PDUFR GHO , , , $
FKDVLV
6RSRUWHV FROJDQWHV \ ELHODV GH VXVSHQVLyQ , $ (O VHUYLFLR QR HV QHFHVDULR HQ ODV XQLGDGHV
(6,
3DVDGRUHV GH UHVRUWH , , $ (O VHUYLFLR QR HV QHFHVDULR HQ ODV XQLGDGHV
(6,
'HVJDVWH GH OD FODYLMD PDHVWUD ,
&RMLQHWH GH OD UXHGD GHO HMH GH GLUHFFLyQ , , , , ,QVSHFFLRQH VL KD\ IXJDV \ UHYLVH HO MXHJR
,QVSHFFLyQ \ DMXVWH GHO MXHJR ORQJLWXGLQDO ¿QDO PHVHV? PLOODV
&RQVXOWH HO PDQXDO GH VHUYLFLR GHO
IDEULFDQWH GHO FXER SDUD REWHQHU GHWDOOHV
KWWSZZZFRQPHWFRPSGIV
SUHVHWBVHUYLFHBPDQXDOSGI
6L QR KD\ IXJDV GH DFHLWH QR KD\ QHFHVLGDG
GH GDU VHUYLFLR DQWHV GH DxRV
PLOODV
1LYHO GH OXEULFDQWH GHO FXER GHODQWHUR , , $
+RMDV GH PXHOOH , $
$PRUWLJXDGRUHV QHXPiWLFRV $* , , $ &RQVXOWH SDUD REWHQHU LQIRUPDFLyQ VREUH
HO WRUTXH GHO SHUQR HQ 8 GH OD VXVSHQVLyQ
GHODQWHUD HQ OD SiJLQD
7RUTXH GHO D¿DQ]DGRU GH OD VXVSHQVLyQ \ , , , $SULHWH ORV SHUQRV HQ 8 GHVSXpV GH ODV
SHUQR HQ 8 SULPHUDV PLOODV .P
&RQVXOWHOD FODYH GH OD WDEOD HQ OD SiJLQD
&20321(17(6 75$6(526 $ % & '
6(&8(1&,$ '( 0$17(1,0,(172 < /8%5,&$&,Ï1
,17(59$/26 &20(17$5,26
23(5$&,Ï1)5(&8(1&,$ PL PL PL PL
NP
NP NP NP
$QXDOPHQWH
&RPSRQHQWHV GH OD VXVSHQVLyQ WUDVHUD 3DUD VXVSHQVLRQHV TXH QR VRQ .HQZRUWK
, , ,
&RQGLFLyQ &RQVXOWH D VX GLVWULEXLGRU GH .HQZRUWK
%DUUDV GH WRUVLyQGH DFRSODPLHQWR GH OD 3DUD OD VHFXHQFLDHVSHFL¿FDFLRQHV GH
, , ,
GLUHFFLyQ PDQWHQLPLHQWR SUHYHQWLYR
6ROGDGXUDV \ VRSRUWHV GH OD VXVSHQVLyQ
, , ,
UDMDGXUDV
5HVRUWHV VXVSHQVRUHV \ ELHODV GH
, , ,
VXVSHQVLyQ
%DODQFLQHV , , ,
%XMHV 'HVJDVWDGRV , , ,
6RSRUWHV \ UHVRUWHV KLGUiXOLFRV , , ,
/XEULFDFLyQ , , ,
&RQHFWRUHV GH DLUH GH OD VXVSHQVLyQ
, , ,
)XJDV
7RUTXH GHO D¿DQ]DGRU GH OD VXVSHQVLyQ \ 3DUD RWUD VXVSHQVLyQ FRQVXOWH ODV
SHUQR HQ 8 UHFRPHQGDFLRQHV GH ORV IDEULFDQWHV
$¿DQ]DGRUHV GH OD VXVSHQVLyQ WUDVHUD
, DSOLTXH WRUTXH GH QXHYR GHVSXpV GH ODV
SULPHUDV PLOODV .P &RQVXOWH
7RUTXH GHO SHUQR HQ 8 GH VXVSHQVLyQ
WUDVHUD HQ OD SiJLQD
)XJDV
5HIULJHUDQWH , , , ,
$FHLWH GHO PRWRU , , , $
'LUHFFLyQ KLGUiXOLFD , , , ,
&RPEXVWLEOH , , , ,
6(&8(1&,$ '( 0$17(1,0,(172 < /8%5,&$&,Ï1
,17(59$/26 &20(17$5,26
23(5$&,Ï1)5(&8(1&,$ PL PL PL PL
NP
NP NP NP
$QXDOPHQWH
7UDQVPLVLyQ , , , ,
(MHV , , , ,
6HOORV GHO FXER LQWHULRU \ H[WHULRU , , , ,
6RSRUWHV GH OD WUDQVPLVLyQ \ HO PRWRU , ,
/tQHDV GH WUDQVPLVLyQ -XQWDV HQ 8 \
, ,
KRUTXLOODV GHVOL]DQWHV
1LYHO GH OXEULFDQWH GHO HMH WUDVHUR , , ,
(QMXDJXH \ UHDEDVWHFLPLHQWR GH OXEULFDQWH 1R (6, PLOODV(6,
GHO HMH WUDVHUR PLOODV NP
&RQVXOWHOD FODYH GH OD WDEOD HQ OD SiJLQD
5HVSLUDGHURV GHO HMH WUDVHUR 'HVEORTXHDU , , , ,
3UXHED GH VHSDUDFLyQ GH OD YiOYXOD GH , , , ,
SURWHFFLyQ GHO YHKtFXOR
7RUTXH GHO SHUQR GH PRQWDMH GH OD FiPDUD
, , $
GH IUHQRV
6L ODV PDQJXHUDV GH ORV IUHQRV WLHQHQ
, , , $
UDMDGXUDV \ GHVJDVWH SRU IULFFLyQ
$MXVWDU IUHQRV , , $
/XEULFDFLyQ GHO WXER GHO iUERO GH OHYDV GHO *UDVD VLQWpWLFD QHFHVDULD $GLWDPHQWRV
, $
IUHQR WUDVHUR \ GHODQWHUR HVSHFLDOHV
(MH GHO SHGDO GHO HPEUDJXH (O VHUYLFLR QR HV QHFHVDULR HQ ODV XQLGDGHV
, ,
(6,
0HFDQLVPR GHO HPEUDJXH , ,
&RQHFWRUHV GH DLUH GH OD VXVSHQVLyQ , , ,
&RMLQHWH GH OLEHUDFLyQ GHO HPEUDJXH $ &RQHFWRUHV H[WHQGLGRV UHTXHULGRV
6(&8(1&,$ '( 0$17(1,0,(172 < /8%5,&$&,Ï1
,17(59$/26 &20(17$5,26
23(5$&,Ï1)5(&8(1&,$ PL PL PL PL
NP
NP NP NP
$QXDOPHQWH
&RMLQHWH FHQWUDO GH OD OtQHD GH OD WUDQVPLVLyQ , , (O VHUYLFLR QR HV QHFHVDULR HQ ODV XQLGDGHV
(6,
$MXVWDGRUHV GH MXHJR DXWRPiWLFRV , , , , (VWiQGDU QR /06
$MXVWDGRUHV GH MXHJR DXWRPiWLFRV , &RQ /06 HO OXEULFDQWH VLQWpWLFR HV
QHFHVDULR $GLWDPHQWR HVSHFLDO
)UHQRV (PSDVWDGR UHVWDQWH UHHPSODFH , , $
VHJ~Q VHD QHFHVDULR
5) BBBBBB
55) BBBBBB
555 BBBBBB
/) BBBBBB
/5) BBBBBB
/55 BBBBBB
&RQGLFLyQ GHO WDPERU , $
5) BBBBBB
55) BBBBBB
555 BBBBBB
/) BBBBBB
/5) BBBBBB
/55 BBBBBB
/XEULFDFLyQ GHO FKDVLV
1LYHO GHO OXEULFDQWH GH OD WUDQVPLVLyQ &RQVXOWH ODV 5HFRPHQGDFLRQHV \
HVSHFL¿FDFLRQHV GHO IDEULFDQWH GH OD
WUDQVPLVLyQ VXPLQLVWUDGR FRQ HO YHKtFXOR
&DPELR GH ¿OWUR \ OXEULFDQWH GH OD /XEULFDQWH VLQWpWLFR UHTXHULGR
$
WUDQVPLVLyQ 'UHQDU
6(&8(1&,$ '( 0$17(1,0,(172 < /8%5,&$&,Ï1
,17(59$/26 &20(17$5,26
23(5$&,Ï1)5(&8(1&,$ PL PL PL PL
NP
NP NP NP
$QXDOPHQWH
&DPELR GHO OXEULFDQWH GHO HMH WUDVHUR /XEULFDQWH VLQWpWLFR UHTXHULGR
$
'UHQDU
&DPELR GHO OXEULFDQWH GHO FXER GHODQWHUR /XEULFDQWH VLQWpWLFR UHTXHULGR
$
'UHQDU
%$7(5Ë$6 $ % & '
5HYLVDU VL HQ HO DUQpVFDEOHV KD\ 3DUD JDUDQWL]DU OD LQVSHFFLyQ DGHFXDGD
FRQH[LRQHV ÀRMDV VXMHWDGRUHV GH UHWHQFLyQ SXHGH VHU QHFHVDULR LQVSHFFLRQDU GHEDMR
, , ,
URWRV GHVJDVWDGRV \ D XQ ODGR GH ORV ULHOHV GHO EDVWLGRU \
GHVWUDEDU HO FRQMXQWR GH DUQpVFDEOH
6HxDOHV GH VREUH FDUJD , ,
(OLPLQH OD FRUURVLyQ \ VHOOH ODV WHUPLQDOHV , ,
&DMD \ UHWHQFLyQ 3HUQRV GH PRQWDMH , ,
%DWHUtDV GH SUXHED GH FDUJD $
7LSR VHOODGR &RQGLFLyQ , , , ,
&RORU GHO LQGLFDGRU GH FDUJD SDUD FDGD
, , , ,
EDWHUtD
BBBBBB BBBBBB BBBBBB , ,
58('$6 < //$17$6 $ % & '
6HJXURV GHO YiVWDJR \ WDSDV GH OD YiOYXOD
, , , ,
IDOWDQWHV
7DFRV GH OD UXHGD ÀRMRV R UDMDGRV , , , $
$FRSODPLHQWR GHO WiQGHP , , , ,
'HVJDVWH LUUHJXODU , , , $
3UHVLyQ GH OD OODQWD UHJLVWUH DEDMR , , , ,
%DQGD GH URGDPLHQWR UHVWDQWH UHJLVWUH
, , , $
DEDMR
6(&8(1&,$ '( 0$17(1,0,(172 < /8%5,&$&,Ï1
,17(59$/26 &20(17$5,26
23(5$&,Ï1)5(&8(1&,$ PL PL PL PL
NP
NP NP NP
$QXDOPHQWH
,QVSHFFLyQ GH ODV OODQWDV \ UXHGDV , , , $
'HUHFKD
,]TXLHUGD
6(&8(1&,$ '( 0$17(1,0,(172 < /8%5,&$&,Ï1
,17(59$/26 &20(17$5,26
23(5$&,Ï1)5(&8(1&,$ PL PL PL PL
NP
NP NP NP
$QXDOPHQWH
0HFDQLVPR GHO DFHOHUDGRU , , , ,
)XQFLRQDPLHQWR GHO IUHQR GHO PRWRU , , ,
&LQWXURQHV GH VHJXULGDG , , ,
2SHUDFLyQ GHO DVLHQWR GH DLUH , , ,
&DOHIDFWRU GH OD FDELQD , , ,
$LUH DFRQGLFLRQDGR , ,
,QVWUXPHQWRV H LQGLFDGRUHV
9HORFtPHWURRGyPHWUR , , ,
7DFyPHWUR , , ,
3UHVLyQ GH DFHLWH , , ,
7HPSHUDWXUD GHO PRWRU , , ,
,OXPLQDFLyQ , , ,
$GYHUWHQFLD GH 656 , ,
$GYHUWHQFLD GH $%6 , ,
'LVSRVLWLYRV GH DGYHUWHQFLD GH SUHVLyQ EDMD , , , $
GH ORV IUHQRV
(VSHFL¿FDFLRQHV GH XQD IRUPD PiV FRPSOHWD WRGDV ODV HVWH DVSHFWR HVHQFLDO GHO FXLGDGR
OXEULFDFLyQ RSHUDFLRQHV GH PDQWHQLPLHQWR TXH GHO YHKtFXOR SXHGH FRVWDUOH WLHPSR \
XVWHG \ XQ PHFiQLFR GH VHUYLFLR GLQHUR D ODUJR SOD]R
(QFRQWUDUi XQD *XtD FRPSOHWD GH QHFHVLWDUiQ < UHFXHUGH XQD FODYH
VHUYLFLR GH OXEULFDFLyQ GHO PRWRU SDUD PDQWHQHU VX .HQZRUWK HQ $ FRQWLQXDFLyQ HQFRQWUDUi LQIRUPDFLyQ
HQ HO 0DQXDO GH IXQFLRQDPLHQWR \ IXQFLRQDPLHQWR D XQ EDMR FRVWR \ EiVLFD QHFHVDULD SDUD UHDOL]DU OD
PDQWHQLPLHQWR GHO PRWRU (Q pVWD SURORQJDU VX YLGD HV XQ VHUYLFLR GH OXEULFDFLyQ GH UXWLQD GHO YHKtFXOR 3RU
HO IDEULFDQWH GHO PRWRU H[SOLFD HQ OXEULFDFLyQ DSURSLDGR 6L GHVFXLGD VXSXHVWR TXH XVWHG TXHUUi SURJUDPDU
6(&8(1&,$ '( 0$17(1,0,(172 < /8%5,&$&,Ï1
6(&8(1&,$ '( 0$17(1,0,(172 < /8%5,&$&,Ï1
*Ui¿FD GH OXEULFDFLyQ
127$
/DV VLJXLHQWHV HVSHFL¿FDFLRQHV GH
(O QLYHO GH DFHLWH GH IiEULFD
OXEULFDFLyQ 7DEOD VH UH¿HUHQ D
SXHGH HVWDU DUULED GH HVWH QLYHO
XQ UDQJR GH WHPSHUDWXUD DPELHQWH
SRUTXH VH PLGH FRPR XQ YROXPHQ 1LYHO GH DFHLWH LQDSURSLDGR GH IXQFLRQDPLHQWR GH D
\ QR FRPR XQ QLYHO GH DFHLWH 1LYHO GH DFHLWH DSURSLDGR ) D & 3DUD RSHUDFLRQHV
HVSHFt¿FR (VWR HV DFHSWDEOH SDUD
HQ WHPSHUDWXUD H[WUHPD FRQVXOWH
ORV IDEULFDQWHV GHO HMH VLQ HPEDUJR
ORV PDQXDOHV GHO IDEULFDQWH GH ORV
HO UHDEDVWHFLPLHQWR GHEH VHU SRU HO
FRPSRQHQWHV
QLYHO GH DFHLWH DSURSLDGR FRPR VH
PXHVWUD HQ OD VLJXLHQWH LPDJHQ
6(&8(1&,$ '( 0$17(1,0,(172 < /8%5,&$&,Ï1
35(&$8&,Ï1
1R FRQWDPLQH ODV SDVWLOODV GH ORV IUHQRV FRQ JUDVD
(QJUDVDGRUHV GHO HMH GH GLUHFFLyQ *UDVD SDUD FKDVLV (3 EDVH GH OLWLR KLGUR[LHVWHDUDWR 1/*,
6(&8(1&,$ '( 0$17(1,0,(172 < /8%5,&$&,Ï1
0$17(1,0,(172 '(/ 6,67(0$ '( $,5(
0$17(1,0,(172 '(/ 6,67(0$ '( $,5(
0$17(1,0,(172 '(/ 6,67(0$ '( $,5(
,17(59$/26 0È;,026
358(%$ &$'$ &$'$ 0(6 75(6 0(6(6 6(,6 0(6(6 $/ $f2
6(0$1$ PL PL PL PL
NP NP NP NP
&RPSUHVRU GH DLUH Ɣ
6HFDGRU GH DLUH Ɣ
*REHUQDGRU GH DLUH Ɣ
)XJD GHO VLVWHPD Ɣ
9iOYXOD GH SHGDO GHO IUHQR GH DLUH GREOH Ɣ ±±±±±± R ±±±±±± Ɣ
9iOYXOD PDQXDO GH IUHQR GH UHPROTXH Ɣ ±±±±±± R ±±±±±± Ɣ
9iOYXOD GH HVWDFLRQDPLHQWR GHO YHKtFXOR Ɣ
9iOYXOD GHO IUHQR GH HVWDFLRQDPLHQWR Ɣ
6XPLQLVWUR GH DLUH SDUD UHPROTXH Ɣ
9iOYXODV GH SURWHFFLyQ GHO YHKtFXOR Ɣ
9iOYXOD GHO UHOHYDGRU Ɣ
9iOYXOD GH LQYHUVLyQ GH IUHQRV GH UHVRUWH Ɣ
9iOYXOD GH OtPLWH DXWRPiWLFR Ɣ
9iOYXODV GH UHWHQFLyQ VLPSOHV Ɣ
9iOYXODV GH UHWHQFLyQ GREOHV Ɣ
,QWHUUXSWRU GH OD OX] GH DOWR Ɣ
$YLVR GH SUHVLyQ EDMD Ɣ
,QWHUUXSWRU GH SUHVLyQ EDMD Ɣ
9iOYXOD GH GUHQDMH DXWRPiWLFD Ɣ
9iOYXOD GH VHJXULGDG Ɣ
9iOYXOD GH OLEHUDFLyQ UiSLGD Ɣ
9iOYXOD GH GUHQDMH PDQXDO Ɣ
0$17(1,0,(172 '(/ 6,67(0$ '( $,5(
3UXHED GH IXQFLyQ GHO VLVWHPD GH 7DQTXHV GH DLUH 6pTXHODV FRQ DLUH SUHVXUL]DGR DQWHV
DLUH GH UHLQVWDODUODV
0$17(1,0,(172 '(/ 6,67(0$ '( $,5(
$'9(57(1&,$
6L GHWHFWD IXJDV HQ HO VLVWHPD GH
DLUH QR RSHUH HO YHKtFXOR 6L QR
UHYLVD ORV IUHQRV R VLJXH HVWRV 0DQyPHWUR GH DLUH SULPDULR
SURFHGLPLHQWRV SRGUtD RFDVLRQDU
XQD IDOOD HQ HO VLVWHPD DXPHQWDQGR
HO ULHVJR GH SURYRFDU XQ DFFLGHQWH
\ RFDVLRQDU OHVLRQHV SHUVRQDOHV
OD PXHUWH R GDxR DO HTXLSR R OD
SURSLHGDG
0DQyPHWUR GH DLUH VHFXQGDULR
0$17(1,0,(172 '(/ 6,67(0$ '( $,5(
0$17(1,0,(172 '(/ 6,67(0$ '( $,5(
0$17(1,0,(172 '(/ 6,67(0$ '( $,5(
0$17(1,0,(172 '(/ 6,67(0$ '( $,5(
FDUUHWHUD (VWR VH SXHGH GHEHU DLUH (VWH DLUH QR SDVD D WUDYpV GH 5HDFRQGLFLRQDPLHQWR
D GHPDQGDV GH DLUH DFFHVRULR OD FDPD GH VHFDGR
R DOJ~Q UHTXHULPLHQWR GH DLUH /RV LQWHUYDORV GH PDQWHQLPLHQWRV
SRFR XVXDO TXH QR SHUPLWD TXH HO WtSLFRV SDUD XQD RSHUDFLyQ VREUH
FRPSUHVRU VH FDUJXH \ GHVFDUJXH OD FDUUHWHUD VHUtDQ GH D DxRV
FLFOR GH FRPSUHVLyQ \ QR PLOODV .P R
FRPSUHVLyQ HQ XQ PRGR QRUPDO KRUDV
R VH SXHGH GHEHU D GHPDVLDGDV
IXJDV HQ HO VLVWHPD GH DLUH /RV LQWHUYDORV GH PDQWHQLPLHQWR
WtSLFRV SDUD XVR GH FLFOR GH WUDEDMR
(Q iUHDV GRQGH VH SUHVHQWD PiV SHVDGR FRPR EXV GH WUiQVLWR
GH XQD HVFDOD GH WHPSHUDWXUD WUDQVSRUWDGRU GH GHVHFKRV FDPLyQ
GH ) & HQ XQ GtD GH YROWHR PH]FODGRUDV GH FHPHQWR \
SHTXHxDV FDQWLGDGHV GH DJXD RSHUDFLyQ IXHUD GH OD FDUUHWHUD VHUtDQ
SXHGHQ DFXPXODUVH HQ HO VLVWHPD GH XQ DxR PLOODV
GH IUHQRV GH DLUH GHELGR D NLOyPHWURV R KRUDV
OD FRQGHQVDFLyQ %DMR HVWDV
FRQGLFLRQHV OD SUHVHQFLD GH 127$
SHTXHxDV FDQWLGDGHV GH KXPHGDG
5HYLVH OD SyOL]D GH JDUDQWtD DQWHV
HV QRUPDO \ QR VH GHEH FRQVLGHUDU
GH UHDOL]DU DOJ~Q SURFHGLPLHQWR
FRPR XQD LQGLFDFLyQ GH TXH HO
GH PDQWHQLPLHQWR 8QD JDUDQWtD
VHFDGRU QR HVWi GHVHPSHxiQGRVH
H[WHQGLGD SXHGH VHU DQXODGD VL VH
DSURSLDGDPHQWH
OOHYD D FDER XQ PDQWHQLPLHQWR QR
6H KD XWLOL]DGR XQD IXHQWH GH DLUH DXWRUL]DGR GXUDQWH HVWH SHUtRGR
H[WHULRU SDUD FDUJDU HO VLVWHPD GH
0$17(1,0,(172 '(/ 6,67(0$ '( $,5(
0$17(1,0,(172 '(/ 6,67(0$ '( $,5(
0$17(1,0,(172 '(/ 6,67(0$ '( $,5(
7XUER FDUJDGRU DFHLWH %XVTXH VL KD\ IXJDV GDxRV R 5HHPSOD]R GHO ¿OWUR \
GHWHULRUR /DV IXJDV SRGUtDQ VLJQL¿FDU GHSXUDGRUHV GH DLUH
&XDQGR Gp VHUYLFLR D ORV VLVWHPDV GH TXH KD\ VHOORV R FRQGXFWRV GH DFHLWH
HVFDSH \ DGPLVLyQ GH DLUH HQ XQ PRWRU GDxDGRV /D VLJXLHQWH LQIRUPDFLyQ GH VHUYLFLR
WXUERFDUJDGR UHYLVH ODV SDUWHV TXH VH HV EiVLFD SDUD WRGDV ODV PDUFDV \
HQXPHUDQ D FRQWLQXDFLyQ 'LVWULEXLGRU &RQ HO PRWRU HQ PRGHORV GH GHSXUDGRUHV GH DLUH 'H
IXQFLRQDPLHQWR UHYLVH VL KD\ IXJDV HQ VHUYLFLR D ORV HOHPHQWRV GHO ¿OWUR OR
$'9(57(1&,$ HO GLVWULEXLGRU R HPSDTXHV GH OD EULGD PiV SURQWR SRVLEOH FXDQGR HO LQGLFDGRU
1R RSHUH HO PRWRU FRQ OD WXEHUtD GH UHVWULFFLyQ GHO GHSXUDGRU GH DLUH
9LEUDFLyQ GH DOWD IUHFXHQFLD LQGLFD TXH VH UHTXLHUH HO VHUYLFLR
GH DGPLVLyQ GHO WXUERFDUJDGRU
/D YLEUDFLyQ SXHGH LQGLFDU XQ /OHYH HO HOHPHQWR D XQD DJHQFLD
GHVFRQHFWDGD &XDQGR HO PRWRU
GHVHTXLOLEULR GHO URWRU WXUER 6ROLFLWH GLVWULEXLGRUD GH .HQZRUWK SDUD TXH
HVWi HQ PDUFKD VH FUHD XQD
TXH LQYHVWLJXHQ HVWR GH LQPHGLDWR HQ UHFLED VHUYLFLR /RV HOHPHQWRV GH
VXFFLyQ (VWD VXFFLyQ SRGUtD MDODU
VX DJHQFLD GLVWULEXLGRUD GH .HQZRUWK SDSHO UHTXLHUHQ FXLGDGR \ PDQHMR
VX PDQR R DOJR PiV FHUFD GH
6L GHWHFWD DOJXQD GH¿FLHQFLD OOHYH HO DSURSLDGR SRUTXH VRQ LPSRUWDQWHV
pVWH KDFLD HO YHQWLODGRU LPSXOVRU
YHKtFXOR D XQD DJHQFLD GLVWULEXLGRUD SDUD OD YLGD GH VHUYLFLR GHO PRWRU
3RGUtD VDOLU OHVLRQDGR 6LHPSUH
DXWRUL]DGD GH .HQZRUWK SDUD GDUOH
PDQWHQJD OD WXEHUtD GH DGPLVLyQ
VHUYLFLR 8QD GHPRUD SRGUtD RFDVLRQDU 'p VHUYLFLR DO GHSXUDGRU GH DLUH
FRQHFWDGD FXDQGR YD D SRQHU HQ
GDxR VHYHUR \ FRVWRVR D VX YHKtFXOR HQ IRUPD SHULyGLFD 6L HO YHKtFXOR
PDUFKD HO PRWRU 6L QR FXPSOH FRQ
HVWD DGYHUWHQFLD SXHGH RFDVLRQDU RSHUD HQ iUHDV FRQ GHPDVLDGR SROYR
OHVLRQHV SHUVRQDOHV OD PXHUWH R HO PDQWHQLPLHQWR GHEH VHU PiV
GDxR DO HTXLSR R D OD SURSLHGDG IUHFXHQWH
0$17(1,0,(172 '(/ 6,67(0$ '( )5(126
0$17(1,0,(172 '(/ 6,67(0$ '( )5(126
0$17(1,0,(172 '(/ 6,67(0$ '( )5(126
0$17(1,0,(172 '(/ 6,67(0$ '( )5(126
0$17(1,0,(172 '(/ 6,67(0$ '( )5(126
0$17(1,0,(172 '(/ 6,67(0$ '( )5(126
0$17(1,0,(172 '(/ 6,67(0$ '( )5(126
0$17(1,0,(172 '(/ 6,67(0$ '( )5(126
0$17(1,0,(172 '(/ 6,67(0$ '( )5(126
$'9(57(1&,$ $'9(57(1&,$
1R LQWHQWH YROYHU D FRORFDU HQ FLFOR 1R RSHUH HO YHKtFXOR VL KD\ XQD
HO VLVWHPD DQWLEORTXHR HQFHQGLHQGR IDOOD HQ DOJ~Q FLUFXLWR GH DLUH 'LFKD
\ DSDJDQGR HO LQWHUUXSWRU GH OD IDOOD SXHGH HYLWDU TXH HO VLVWHPD
OODYH KDVWD TXH HO YHKtFXOR VH GH IUHQRV RSHUH DSURSLDGDPHQWH
KD\D GHWHQLGR FRPSOHWDPHQWH \ SRGUtD RFDVLRQDU OHVLRQHV (O
\ VH KD\D DSOLFDGR HO IUHQR GH YHKtFXOR QR VH GHEH RSHUDU KDVWD
HVWDFLRQDPLHQWR 6L QR OR KDFH TXH HO VLVWHPD VHD UHSDUDGR
SRGUtD DIHFWDU HQ IRUPD DGYHUVD HO \ DPERV FLUFXLWRV GH IUHQDGR
FRQWURO GHO IUHQDGR \ OD GLUHFFLyQ \ LQFOX\HQGR WRGRV ORV FRPSRQHQWHV
SXHGH RFDVLRQDU SpUGLGD GH FRQWURO PHFiQLFRV \ QHXPiWLFRV HVWpQ
GHO YHKtFXOR \ XQ DFFLGHQWH 6L QR IXQFLRQDQGR DSURSLDGDPHQWH 6L QR
FXPSOH FRQ HVWD DGYHUWHQFLD SXHGH FXPSOH FRQ HVWD DGYHUWHQFLD SXHGH
RFDVLRQDU OHVLRQHV SHUVRQDOHV OD RFDVLRQDU OHVLRQHV SHUVRQDOHV OD
PXHUWH R GDxR DO HTXLSR R D OD PXHUWH R GDxR DO HTXLSR R D OD
SURSLHGDG SURSLHGDG
0$17(1,0,(172 '( /$ &$%,1$
0$17(1,0,(172 '( /$ &$%,1$
0$17(1,0,(172 '( /$ &$%,1$
/LPSLH]D SURWHFFLyQ \ PX\ IUtR SDUD HYLWDU TXH ODV SXHUWDV /LPSLH]D GHO YHKtFXOR
LPSHUPHDELOL]DFLyQ \ ODV YHQWDQDV VH DGKLHUDQ GHELGR DO
KLHOR 3UHFDXFLRQHV
/DV ODYDGDV IUHFXHQWHV GHO YHKtFXOR
VRQ QHFHVDULDV SDUD UHWLUDU OD VXFLHGDG $'9(57(1&,$
\ ORV FRQWDPLQDQWHV TXH SXHGHQ 0DQLSXOH ORV DJHQWHV GH OLPSLH]D
PDQFKDU \ R[LGDU OD SLQWXUD \ DFHOHUDU FXLGDGRVDPHQWH /RV DJHQWHV
OD FRUURVLyQ GH VXSHU¿FLHV GH PHWDO GH OLPSLH]D SXHGHQ VHU Wy[LFRV
FURPDGDV \ SXOLGDV 0DQWpQJDORV OHMRV GHO DOFDQFH GH
ORV QLxRV
/D FHUD RIUHFH SURWHFFLyQ DGLFLRQDO
FRQWUD ODV PDQFKDV \ HO y[LGR 3HUR 2EVHUYH WRGDV ODV HWLTXHWDV GH
SDUD TXH KD\D VX¿FLHQWH WLHPSR SUHFDXFLyQ
SDUD TXH HO DFDEDGR GH VX FDPLyQ
VH VHTXH HVSHUH DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH 6LHPSUH OHD ODV LQVWUXFFLRQHV TXH
GtDV GHVSXpV GH OD IHFKD GH DSDUHFHQ HQ HO UHFLSLHQWH DQWHV GH
IDEULFDFLyQ DQWHV GH HQFHUDU 1R XWLOL]DU DOJ~Q SURGXFWR
DSOLTXH OD FHUD D OD OX] GHO VRO \ QR
TXHPH D IULFFLyQ OD SLQWXUD FRQ XQD 1R XWLOLFH DOJXQD VROXFLyQ TXH
PiTXLQD GH HVPHULODU SXHGD GDxDU OD SLQWXUD GH OD
FDUURFHUtD
2FDVLRQDOPHQWH URFtH
/D PD\RUtD GH OLPSLDGRUHV
LPSHUPHDELOL]DQWH HQ ODV SXHUWDV
TXtPLFRV VRQ FRQFHQWUDGRV SRU OR
\ YHQWDQDV FRQ FRPSXHVWR GH VLOLFyQ
TXH HV QHFHVDULR GLOXLUORV
SDUD D\XGDU D SUHVHUYDU OD UHVLOLHQFLD
(VWR HV HVSHFLDOPHQWH ~WLO HQ FOLPD
0$17(1,0,(172 '( /$ &$%,1$
0$17(1,0,(172 '( /$ &$%,1$
/DYDGR H[WHULRU
(QMXDJXH ODV VXSHU¿FLHV FRQ
IUHFXHQFLD PLHQWUDV ODYD SDUD 127$
&RPLHQFH D URFLDU HO DJXD VREUH
OD VXSHU¿FLH VHFD SDUD UHWLUDU WRGD HOLPLQDU OD VXFLHGDG TXH SRGUtD 3DUD TXH KD\D VX¿FLHQWH WLHPSR
OD VXFLHGDG VXHOWD DQWHV GH ODYDU UD\DU ORV DFDEDGRV GXUDQWH OD SDUD TXH HO DFDEDGR GHO FDPLyQ
HO YHKtFXOR \ DSOLFDU XQD VROXFLyQ RSHUDFLyQ GH ODYDGR VH VHTXH HVSHUH SRU OR PHQRV
GH FHUD WUHLQWD GtDV GHVSXpV GH OD IHFKD GH
6HTXH WRGR FRQ XQD JDPX]D SDUD
1R ODYDU HO YHKtFXOR D OD OX] GLUHFWD IDEULFDFLyQ DQWHV GH HQFHUDUOR
HYLWDU PDQFKDV GH DJXD
GHO VRO
3DUD HYLWDU PDQFKDV GH DJXD
1R URFtH DJXD GLUHFWDPHQWH
VHTXH ODV VXSHU¿FLHV FRVPpWLFDV
GHQWUR GH ODV YHQWLODV GH OD FDELQD
FRQ XQ SDxR R JDPX]D OLPSLD
\ GRUPLWRULR
5HWLUH OD VXFLHGDG GH OD FDUUHWHUD
8WLOL]DQGR DJXD FRQ MDEyQ ODYH
FRQ XQ UHPRYHGRU GH EUHD
HO YHKtFXOR FRQ XQ SDxR VXDYH \
SDUD DXWRPyYLOHV R DOFRKROHV
OLPSLR R XQ FHSLOOR VXDYH HVSHFLDO
PLQHUDOHV
SDUD OLPSLH]D GH DXWRPyYLO
8WLOLFH DJXD IUtD R WLELD \ XQ 'HVSXpV GH OLPSLDU \ VHFDU
MDEyQ VXDYH \ GRPpVWLFR 1R VH DSOLTXH XQD FHUD SDUD DXWRPyYLO
UHFRPLHQGDQ DJHQWHV GH OLPSLH]D GH DOWD FDOLGDG
\ GHWHUJHQWHV LQGXVWULDOHV IXHUWHV
1R XWLOLFH FHSLOORV GXURV WRDOODV 1R DSOLTXH FHUD EDMR HO VRO
GH SDSHO KHEUD GH DFHUR 1XQFD OLPSLH HO SROYR GH
R FRPSXHVWRV GH OLPSLH]D ODV VXSHU¿FLHV VHFDV FRQ XQ
DEUDVLYRV SRUTXH HVWRV UD\DUiQ SDxR SRUTXH pVWH UD\DUi ORV
ODV VXSHU¿FLHV GH PHWDO SLQWDGDV DFDEDGRV
FURPDGDV \ SXOLGDV
0$17(1,0,(172 '( /$ &$%,1$
/DYDGR GHO FKDVLV ORGR \ RWURV GHVHFKRV (O VHGLPHQWR /LPSLH]D GHO YLQLOR \ WDSLFHUtD
DEDUURWDGR HQ iUHDV FHUFDQDV DO LQWHULRUHV
0DQFKDV \ VXFLHGDG GH OD EDVWLGRU VH GHEH DÀRMDU DQWHV GH TXH
PDQJXHUD GH WRGR HO FKDVLV 6L VH HQMXDJXH 6L GHVHD VX DJHQFLD /LPSLH OD WDSLFHUtD GH YLQLOR \ HO
GHVSXpV VH SURGXFH XQD IXJD GLVWULEXLGRUD GH .HQZRUWK SXHGH IRUUR FRQ XQ OLPSLDGRU GH WDSLFHUtD
GH DFHLWH SRGUi GHWHFWDUOD PiV UHDOL]DU HVWH VHUYLFLR SDUD XVWHG FRPHUFLDO GH EXHQD FDOLGDG 1R
IiFLOPHQWH XWLOLFH DFHWRQD R VROYHQWH SDUD
EDUQL]DU
/RV PDWHULDOHV FRUURVLYRV
XWLOL]DGRV SDUD UHWLUDU HO KLHOR /LPSLH OD WDSLFHUtD GH WHOD
\ OD QLHYH \ SDUD FRQWURODU HO FRQ FKDPS~ SDUD WDSLFHUtD
SROYR SXHGH DFXPXODUORV HQ OD HVSHFLDOPHQWH IRUPXODGR
SDUWH LQIHULRU GH OD FDUURFHUtD SDUD HVWH SURSyVLWR 6LJD ODV
6L QR UHWLUD HVWRV PDWHULDOHV LQVWUXFFLRQHV GHO UHFLSLHQWH
SXHGH RFXUULU FRUURVLyQ y[LGR
DFHOHUDGD HQ ODV SDUWHV GHEDMR GH
OD FDUURFHUtD WDOHV FRPR FRQGXFWRV
GH FRPEXVWLEOH PDUFRV SDQHO GHO
SLVR \ VLVWHPD GH HVFDSH LQFOXVR
HVWRV \D WLHQHQ SURWHFFLyQ FRQWUD
OD FRUURVLyQ
0$17(1,0,(172 '( /$ &$%,1$
0$17(1,0,(172 '( /$ &$%,1$
0$17(1,0,(172 '( /$ &$%,1$
0$17(1,0,(172 '( /$ &$%,1$
/DV FRQGLFLRQHV DPELHQWDOHV GHEH UHHPSOD]DU LQPHGLDWDPHQWH VLQ /LQHDPLHQWRV SDUD OD LQVSHFFLyQ
FRPR VXFLHGDG \ UD\RV XOWUDYLROHWD LPSRUWDU HO PLOODMH
GHO VRO UHGXFLUiQ OD YLGD ~WLO GHO 6LJD HVWRV OLQHDPLHQWRV FXDQGR
VLVWHPD GHO FLQWXUyQ GH VHJXULGDG $'9(57(1&,$ LQVSHFFLRQH VL KD\ FRUWHV UDVJDGXUDV
GHVJDVWH H[WUHPR R SRFR XVXDO GH OD
(V LPSRUWDQWH UHFRUGDU TXH HQ
'HELGR D HVWRV IDFWRUHV HO VLVWHPD GHO FLQFKD \ GDxRV D OD KHELOOD UHWUDFWRU
FXDOTXLHU PRPHQWR HQ TXH HO
FLQWXUyQ GH VHJXULGDG GH WUHV SXQWRV DFFHVRULRV X RWURV IDFWRUHV /RV
YHKtFXOR HVWp LQYROXFUDGR HQ XQ
LQVWDODGR HQ VX YHKtFXOR UHTXLHUH XQD GDxRV HQ HVWDV iUHDV LQGLFDQ TXH HV
DFFLGHQWH VH GHEH UHHPSOD]DU WRGR
LQVSHFFLyQ FRPSOHWD FDGD QHFHVDULR HO UHHPSOD]R GHO VLVWHPD
HO VLVWHPD GHO FLQWXUyQ GH VHJXULGDG
PLOODV NP 6L HO YHKtFXOR GHO FLQWXUyQ GH VHJXULGDG
(O GDxR QR H[SXHVWR RFDVLRQDGR SRU
HVWi H[SXHVWR D FRQGLFLRQHV VHYHUDV
OD WHQVLyQ GH XQ DFFLGHQWH SRGUtD
GH WUDEDMR R DPELHQWDOHV HV SRVLEOH $'9(57(1&,$
LPSHGLU TXH HO VLVWHPD IXQFLRQH
TXH QHFHVLWH LQVSHFFLRQHV FRQ PiV 6L HV QHFHVDULR UHHPSOD]DU DOJXQD
FRUUHFWDPHQWH OD SUy[LPD YH] TXH
IUHFXHQFLD SDUWH GHO VLVWHPD GHO FLQWXUyQ
VH QHFHVLWH 6L QR FXPSOH FRQ
HVWD DGYHUWHQFLD SXHGH SURYRFDU GH VHJXULGDG UHHPSODFH WRGR
&XDOTXLHU VLVWHPD GHO FLQWXUyQ
OHVLRQHV SHUVRQDOHV R OD PXHUWH HO VLVWHPD ODGR GH OD KHELOOD \
GH VHJXULGDG TXH WHQJD VHxDOHV
UHWUDFWRU (O GDxR QR H[SXHVWR
GH FRUWHV UDVJDGXUDV GHVJDVWH
D XQR R PiV FRPSRQHQWHV SRGUtD
H[WUHPR R SRFR XVXDO GHFRORUDFLyQ
LPSHGLU TXH HO VLVWHPD IXQFLRQH
VLJQL¿FDWLYD GHELGR D H[SRVLFLyQ D
FRUUHFWDPHQWH OD SUy[LPD YH] TXH
UD\RV XOWUDYLROHWD DEUDVLyQ HQ OD
VH QHFHVLWH 6L QR FXPSOH FRQ
FLQFKD GHO FLQWXUyQ GH VHJXULGDG
HVWD DGYHUWHQFLD SXHGH SURYRFDU
R GDxRV D OD KHELOOD SODFD GH OD
OHVLRQHV SHUVRQDOHV R OD PXHUWH
FHUUDGXUD DFFHVRULRV GHO UHWUDFWRU
R FXDOTXLHU RWUR SUREOHPD REYLR VH
0$17(1,0,(172 '( /$ &$%,1$
0$17(1,0,(172 '( /$ &$%,1$
6LVWHPD GH FRPRGLGDG
DJULHWDGR R GDxDGR $'9(57(1&,$
)XQGLFLyQ GH OD KHELOOD 6L QR DMXVWD ODV FRUUHDV GHO FLQWXUyQ
TXHEUDGD DSURSLDGDPHQWH SXHGH RFDVLRQDU
(O DOPDFHQDPLHQWR GH OD GHPDVLDGR PRYLPLHQWR GHO DVLHQWR
FLQFKD GHO UHWUDFWRU HQ EXVFD HQ XQ DFFLGHQWH /DV FRUUHDV GH
GH GDxRV XELFDGR GHWUiV VXMHFLyQ GHEHQ DMXVWDUVH SDUD TXH
GHO SDQHO GH DFDEDGR HVWpQ WHQVDV FXDQGR HO DVLHQWR
/DV FRUUHDV SDUD HO HVWp HQ OD SRVLFLyQ PiV DOWD \
GHVJDVWH GH OD FLQFKD \ DGHODQWDGD 6L QR FXPSOH FRQ
DSUHWDGR FRUUHFWR GH ORV HVWD DGYHUWHQFLD SXHGH SURYRFDU
DFFHVRULRV GH LQVWDODFLyQ OHVLRQHV SHUVRQDOHV R OD PXHUWH
/RV DFFHVRULRV GH
LQVWDODFLyQ HQ EXVFD GH
&XDQGR VH KD\D GHWHUPLQDGR OD
FRUURVLyQ DSUHWDGR FRUUHFWR
QHFHVLGDG GH UHHPSOD]R GHO FLQWXUyQ
3XQWRV GH LQVSHFFLyQ GHO FLQWXUyQ GH GH ORV SHUQRV \ WXHUFDV
GH VHJXULGDG DVHJ~UHVH GH TXH VH
VHJXULGDG &LQFKD GHWHULRUDGD GHELGR D
UHHPSODFH ~QLFDPHQWH FRQ XQ FLQWXUyQ
OD H[SRVLFLyQ DO VRO
&RUWHV R UDVJDGXUDV GH OD GH VHJXULGDG GH UHHPSOD]R GH ODV
FLQFKD R GHVJDVWH H[WUHPR 3DUWHV 3$&&$5
HQ HO iUHD GH OD FHUUDGXUD
6L OD LQVSHFFLyQ LQGLFD TXH DOJXQD
&RUWHV R UDVJDGXUDV GH
SDUWH GHO VLVWHPD GHO FLQWXUyQ GH
OD FLQFKD HQ OD JXtD GH OD
VHJXULGDG UHTXLHUH UHHPSOD]R VH
FLQFKD GH OD DEUD]DGHUD HQ
GHEH UHHPSOD]DU WRGR HO VLVWHPD &RQ
'
FDGD FLQWXUyQ GH UHHPSOD]R VH LQFOX\H
XQD JXtD GH LQVWDODFLyQ 8WLOLFH OD JXtD
0$17(1,0,(172 '( /$ &$%,1$
0$17(1,0,(172 '(/ 6,67(0$ '( (1)5,$0,(172
0$17(1,0,(172 '(/ 6,67(0$ '( (1)5,$0,(172
0$17(1,0,(172 '(/ 6,67(0$ '( (1)5,$0,(172
0$17(1,0,(172 '(/ 6,67(0$ '( (1)5,$0,(172
$JUHJDU UHIULJHUDQWH
$'9(57(1&,$ $'9(57(1&,$
6H GHEH XWLOL]DU XQD PH]FOD GH DJXD
1XQFD UHWLUH OD WDSD GHO WDQTXH GH 1R SRQJD D IXQFLRQDU HO YHQWLODGRU
\ DQWLFRQJHODQWH EDMR HQ VLOLFDWR SDUD
FRPSHQVDFLyQ PLHQWUDV HO PRWRU FRQ HO PRWRU HQ PDUFKD (O
HO UHIULJHUDQWH (O DJXD GHEH HVWDU
D~Q HVWi FDOLHQWH (VSHUH KDVWD YHQWLODGRU GHO PRWRU SXHGH
OLPSLD \ VLQ TXtPLFRV FRUURVLYRV \
TXH OD WHPSHUDWXUD GHO UHIULJHUDQWH DFWLYDUVH HQ FXDOTXLHU PRPHQWR
TXH IRUPHQ y[LGR \ PLQHUDOHV (V
EDMH GH ) & (O OtTXLGR \ VLQ DGYHUWHQFLD &XDOTXLHUD TXH
SRVLEOH TXH HO DJXD SRWDEOH QR VHD
YDSRU KLUYLHQWH EDMR SUHVLyQ SXHGHQ HVWp FHUFD GHO YHQWLODGRU FXDQGR
EXHQD SDUD VX YHKtFXOR /RV YHKtFXORV
HVFDSDUVH \ RFDVLRQDU OHVLRQHV pVWH VH HQFLHQGD SRGUtD VXIULU
QXHYRV \D YLHQHQ SUHPH]FODGRV FRQ
SHUVRQDOHV JUDYHV OHVLRQHV $QWHV GH HQFHQGHU OD
DQWLFRQJHODQWH H LQKLELGRU GH FRUURVLyQ
LJQLFLyQ DVHJ~UHVH GH TXH QR KD\D
$VHJ~UHVH GH QR PH]FODU GLVWLQWRV
QDGLH FHUFD GHO YHQWLODGRU 6L QR
WLSRV GH UHIULJHUDQWH 3HUPDQH]FD FRQ
FXPSOH FRQ HVWD DGYHUWHQFLD SXHGH
HO PLVPR UHIULJHUDQWH KDVWD TXH VH
RFDVLRQDU OHVLRQHV SHUVRQDOHV OD
OOHYH D FDER XQ UHHPSOD]R FRPSOHWR
PXHUWH R GDxR DO HTXLSR R D OD
SURSLHGDG
0$17(1,0,(172 '(/ 6,67(0$ '( (1)5,$0,(172
0$17(1,0,(172 '(/ 6,67(0$ '( (1)5,$0,(172
0$17(1,0,(172 '(/ 6,67(0$ '( (1)5,$0,(172
0$17(1,0,(172 '(/ 6,67(0$ '( (1)5,$0,(172
0$17(1,0,(172 '(/ 6,67(0$ '( (1)5,$0,(172
0$17(1,0,(172 (/e&75,&2
0$17(1,0,(172 (/e&75,&2
,QVSHFFLyQ \ UHHPSOD]R GH
35(&$8&,Ï1
IXVLEOHV
1XQFD UHSDUH ORV IXVLEOHV FRQ SDSHO
$'9(57(1&,$ DOXPLQLR R FDEOHV (VWR SXHGH
RFDVLRQDU GDxRV VHYHURV HQ RWUD
1R UHHPSODFH XQ IXVLEOH SRU
SDUWH GHO FLUFXLWR HOpFWULFR \ SXHGH
XQ IXVLEOH GH XQ YDORU VXSHULRU
RFDVLRQDU XQ LQFHQGLR
6L OR KDFH SXHGH GDxDU HO
VLVWHPD HOpFWULFR \ RFDVLRQDU
XQ LQFHQGLR 6L QR FXPSOH FRQ 35(&$8&,Ï1
HVWD DGYHUWHQFLD SXHGH RFDVLRQDU 6L XQ FLUFXLWR VH PDQWLHQH
OHVLRQHV SHUVRQDOHV OD PXHUWH R TXHPDQGR IXVLEOHV VROLFLWH HQ OD
GDxR DO HTXLSR R D OD SURSLHGDG DJHQFLD GLVWULEXLGRUD DXWRUL]DGD
&HQWUR GH GLVWULEXFLyQ GH HQHUJtD VH GH .HQZRUWK TXH LQVSHFFLRQHQ HO
PXHVWUD VLQ FXELHUWD GH IXVLEOH 35(&$8&,Ï1 VLVWHPD HOpFWULFR SDUD YHU VL KD\ XQ
FRUWRFLUFXLWR R VREUHFDUJD OR PiV
0(*$ )86,%/( $QWHV GH UHHPSOD]DU XQ IXVLEOH
SURQWR SRVLEOH 6L QR OR KDFH SRGUtD
0,', )86,%/( DSDJXH WRGDV ODV OXFHV \ DFFHVRULRV
RFDVLRQDU GDxRV VHYHURV DO VLVWHPD
\ UHWLUH OD OODYH GH LJQLFLyQ SDUD
HOpFWULFR R DO YHKtFXOR
HYLWDU GDxDU HO VLVWHPD HOpFWULFR
0$17(1,0,(172 (/e&75,&2
0$17(1,0,(172 (/e&75,&2
6L QR HVWi IDPLOLDUL]DGR FRQ ORV 1XQFD LQVWDOH XQ LQWHUUXSWRU &$% $%6 ,*1
SURFHGLPLHQWRV \ SUiFWLFDV GH GH FLUFXLWRV HQ XQ FLUFXLWR TXH
UHSDUDFLyQ HOpFWULFD DSURSLDGDV HVWp GHVLJQDGR FRPR FLUFXLWR &$% $&&
FRQVXOWH D VX DJHQFLD GLVWULEXLGRUD ³~QLFDPHQWH SDUD IXVLEOHV´ /RV &% 3:5
DXWRUL]DGD GH .HQZRUWK SDUD FLUFXLWRV VyOR GH IXVLEOHV HVWiQ
REWHQHU DVLVWHQFLD PDUFDGRV FRQ XQ
HQ OD SDUWH &(&8 %$77 3/&6
GH DWUiV GH OD FXELHUWD GH OD FDMD
GH GLVWULEXFLyQ GH HQHUJtD $O &(&8 ,*1
127$
XWLOL]DU XQ LQWHUUXSWRU GH FLUFXLWRV '225 ,*1
/D DGLFLyQ GH FLUFXLWRV OD HQ HVRV FLUFXLWRV VyOR GH IXVLEOHV
SURSRUFLRQDQ ORV FRQHFWRUHV GH HV SRVLEOH TXH DO KDEHU XQ FRUWR (1* $8;
HQFKXIH TXH WLHQHQ XQD WLHUUD \ XQ HO FLUFXLWR VH FDOLHQWH GHPDVLDGR \
FDEOH HOpFWULFR SURYRTXH GDxRV DO HTXLSR \ OHVLRQHV (1* 6'
SHUVRQDOHV )2* /036
3DUD HO IXQFLRQDPLHQWR FRUUHFWR
GHO VLVWHPD HOpFWULFR FRQVXOWH XQ
127$ *$8*( &/
GLDJUDPD GH FDEOHDGR GHO FKDVLV DQWHV
GH DJUHJDU RSFLRQHV HOpFWULFDV 1R LQVWDOH XQ LQWHUUXSWRU GH FLUFXLWRV +,*+ %($0 683
HQ OXJDU GH XQ IXVLEOH SDUD ORV
VLJXLHQWHV FLUFXLWRV /+ '5 '225 /2&.
0$17(1,0,(172 (/e&75,&2
5$',2 0(0
5$',2 3:5
5+ '225
6/35 $&&
5.(
75/5 $%6
0$17(1,0,(172 (/e&75,&2
0$17(1,0,(172 (/e&75,&2
0$17(1,0,(172 (/e&75,&2
0$17(1,0,(172 (/e&75,&2
0$17(1,0,(172 (/e&75,&2
0$17(1,0,(172 (/e&75,&2
0$17(1,0,(172 (/e&75,&2
0$17(1,0,(172 (/e&75,&2
&XLGDGR GH OD EDWHUtD
6LJD HO SURFHGLPLHQWR TXH VH PXHVWUD $'9(57(1&,$
D FRQWLQXDFLyQ SDUD LQVWDODU GH QXHYR (O UHHPSOD]R GH EDWHUtD SXHGH /D DWHQFLyQ UHJXODU DO VLVWHPD GH
ODV EDWHUtDV HQ HO YHKtFXOR DOWHUDU R LQWHUUXPSLU HO HQUXWDPLHQWR FDUJD D\XGDUi D SURORQJDU OD YLGD
GHO FDEOH GH OD EDWHUtD $VHJ~UHVH ~WLO GH ODV EDWHUtDV $ FRQWLQXDFLyQ
127$ GH UHYLVDU TXH ORV FDEOHV GH OD HQFRQWUDUi DOJXQDV FDXVDV FRPXQHV
$VHJ~UHVH GH FRQHFWDU GH ~OWLPR HO EDWHUtD HVWpQ OLEUHV GH FXDOTXLHU GH IDOODV GH OD EDWHUtD
QXHYR HO FDEOH GH WLHUUD QHJDWLYR IDOOD SRU SXQWR GH GHVPHFKDGR 6L
6REUHFDUJDHVWD FRQGLFLyQ HV
QR FXPSOH FRQ HVWD DGYHUWHQFLD
&RORTXH ODV EDWHUtDV HQ HO YHKtFXOR RFDVLRQDGD SRU XQ DMXVWH LQDSURSLDGR
SXHGH RFDVLRQDU OHVLRQHV
\ DSULHWH HO SHUQR GH OD SODFD GH GHO UHJXODGRU GH YROWDMH 2FDVLRQD
SHUVRQDOHV OD PXHUWH R GDxR DO
VXMHFLyQ XQ VREUHFDOHQWDPLHQWR GH OD EDWHUtD
HTXLSR R D OD SURSLHGDG
SODFDV FRPEDGDV \ HYDSRUDFLyQ GH
9XHOYD D FRQHFWDU HO FDEOH HOHFWUROLWR
SRVLWLYR
&DUJD GH¿FLHQWHHO UHJXODGRU GH
&RQHFWH GH QXHYR HO FDEOH GH
YROWDMH WLHQH IDOODV OD FRUUHD GH
WLHUUD QHJDWLYR
WUDFFLyQ VH HVWi GHVOL]DQGR R VX
YHKtFXOR KD H[SHULPHQWDGR SHUtRGRV
ODUJRV GH UDOHQWt ¿MR R FRQGXFFLyQ GH
FRUWDV GLVWDQFLDV (VWDV FRQGLFLRQHV
RFDVLRQDQ TXH ODV SODFDV GH OD EDWHUtD
VH FXEUDQ FRQ XQ UHFXEULPLHQWR GXUR
0$17(1,0,(172 (/e&75,&2
&DUJD GH OD EDWHUtD
9LEUDFLyQODV VXMHFLRQHV ÀRMDV GH OD $'9(57(1&,$
EDWHUtD SXHGHQ RFDVLRQDU IDOODV HQ OD ([FHSWR SDUD XWLOL]DU FDUJDV SHTXHxDV
/DV EDWHUtDV SXHGHQ RFDVLRQDU
SODFD GH OD EDWHUtD OHQWDV FRPR VH H[SOLFy HQ &DUJD
OHVLRQHV JUDYHV &RQWLHQHQ iFLGR
OHQWD GH OD EDWHUtD HQ OD SiJLQD
&RUWRFLUFXLWRV HVWRV GHVFDUJDQ OD SURGXFHQ JDVHV H[SORVLYRV \ Wy[LFRV
SDUD PDQWHQHU OD FRQGLFLyQ GH OD
EDWHUtD GUHQDQGR OD HOHFWULFLGDG \ VXPLQLVWUDQ QLYHOHV GH FRUULHQWH
EDWHUtD GHEH FDUJDU ODV EDWHUtDV GH VX
HOpFWULFD OR VX¿FLHQWHPHQWH DOWRV
YHKtFXOR HQ XQD DJHQFLD GH VHUYLFLR
&RQH[LRQHV VXFLDV R ÀRMDVODV SDUD RFDVLRQDU TXHPDGXUDV 8QD
FDOL¿FDGD
FRQH[LRQHV LQDSURSLDGDV SXHGHQ FKLVSD R OODPD FHUFD GH XQD EDWHUtD
GHWHQHU HO ÀXMR GH HQHUJtD HOpFWULFD D \ TXH VH HVWi FDUJDQGR SXHGH
GH OD EDWHUtD RFDVLRQDU TXH pVWD H[SORWH FRQ
JUDQ IXHU]D 1XQFD UHWLUH R IXHUFH
ORV WDSRQHV GH OD EDWHUtD 6L QR
FXPSOH FRQ HVWD DGYHUWHQFLD SXHGH
RFDVLRQDU OHVLRQHV SHUVRQDOHV OD
PXHUWH R GDxR DO HTXLSR R D OD
SURSLHGDG
0$17(1,0,(172 (/e&75,&2
0$17(1,0,(172 (/e&75,&2
0$17(1,0,(172 (/e&75,&2
0$17(1,0,(172 (/e&75,&2
&XDQGR VH VLQFURQL]D
GH QXHYR HO OODYHUR ODV
SXHUWDV SRQGUiQ VHJXUR
LQPHGLDWDPHQWH GHVSXpV
TXLWDUiQ VHJXUR
6L HO OODYHUR QR VH SXHGH
VLQFURQL]DU HV SRVLEOH TXH
VH KD\D SURJUDPDGR SDUD XQ
YHKtFXOR GLIHUHQWH R TXH KD\D
IDOODGR
0$17(1,0,(172 (/e&75,&2
127$
(V QRUPDO TXH VH HPSDxH HO LQWHULRU
GH ORV OHQWHV (VWD FRQGHQVDFLyQ
VH SXHGH HOLPLQDU DO FRQGXFLU HO
YHKLFXOR SRU XQ SHUtRGR H[WHQGLGR
FRQ ORV IDURV HQFHQGLGRV (V &XELHUWD GH DFFHVR D ODV
*LUH HO GLVSRVLWLYR GH LJQLFLyQ
QHFHVDULR GDUOHV VHUYLFLR VL KD\ OXFHV EDMDV
KDFLD OD L]TXLHUGD
JRWDV GH DJXD R FKDUFRV GHQWUR GH
ORV IDURV 6LJD HO SURFHGLPLHQWR D FRQWLQXDFLyQ /D OtQHD GH DOWR YROWDMH VH
SDUD UHHPSOD]DU ODV ERPELOODV H[SXOVD DXWRPiWLFDPHQWH
+,'KDOyJHQR FRPR SUHFDXFLyQ GH
VHJXULGDG
0$17(1,0,(172 (/e&75,&2
0$17(1,0,(172 (/e&75,&2
/LPSLH]D R GHVHFKR
%RPELOOD 'HWDOOHV GH OD ERPELOOD
127$
1R WRTXH OD ERPELOOD GH YLGULR FRQ
ORV GHGRV /D JUDVD GH OD SLHO SXHGH
GDxDU OD YLGD ~WLO GH OD ERPELOOD
6L OD WRFD HO YLGULR VH SXHGH
OLPSLDU FRQ DOFRKRO GHVQDWXUDOL]DGR
\ FRQ XQ SDxR VLQ SHOXVDV /DV
ERPELOODV GH GHVFDUJD VH SXHGHQ
OOHQDU FRQ WUD]DV GH PHUFXULR /D
ERPELOOD VH PDUFD FRQ XQ VtPEROR
TXH LQGLFD PHUFXULR +J 6LJD 6tPEROR TXH LQGLFD PHUFXULR
ODV UHJXODFLRQHV GH 'HVHFKRV +J
SHOLJURVRV SDUD GHVHFKDU
,QVWDODFLyQ GH OD ERPELOOD
'XUDQWH OD LQVWDODFLyQ GH OD
ERPELOOD HO FDEOH FRQ DLVODPLHQWR &DEOH DLVODGR FRQ
FHUiPLFR GHEH DSXQWDU KDFLD FHUiPLFD
DEDMR 5DQXUDV GH
VHxDOL]DFLyQ
,QVWDOH OD ERPELOOD HQ HO
DORMDPLHQWR GHO SUR\HFWRU
0$17(1,0,(172 (/e&75,&2
0$17(1,0,(172 (/e&75,&2
$QLOOR EODQFR
/HQJHWD &LHUUH OD FXELHUWD 5HYLVLRQHV ¿QDOHV
(PSXMH HO GLVSRVLWLYR GH LJQLFLyQ ,QVWDOH \ JLUH KDFLD OD GHUHFKD OD 'HVSXpV GH YROYHU D FRQHFWDU
HQ OD SDUWH WUDVHUD GHO DORMDPLHQWR FXELHUWD GH DFFHVR D ODV OXFHV WRGR HQFLHQGD ORV IDURV \ UHYLVH
GHO SUR\HFWRU EDMDV HO IXQFLRQDPLHQWR
*LUH HO GLVSRVLWLYR GH LJQLFLyQ 5HYLVH SHULyGLFDPHQWH VL ORV IDURV
D OD GHUHFKD KDVWD TXH WUDEH HQ HVWiQ DOLQHDGRV FRUUHFWDPHQWH
VX OXJDU /RV IDURV VH GHEHQ DMXVWDU D
3RU ~OWLPR LQVWDOH HO FDEOH GH YHUWLFDO
DOWR YROWDMH HQ HO GLVSRVLWLYR GH
LJQLFLyQ
0$17(1,0,(172 (/e&75,&2
0$17(1,0,(172 '(/ 02725
0$17(1,0,(172 '(/
$'9(57(1&,$ 6H UHFRPLHQGD TXH HO VLVWHPD
02725 GHO HVFDSH GHO YHKtFXOR \ HO
1XQFD PDQWHQJD D UDOHQWt VX
YHKtFXOR SRU SHUtRGRV SURORQJDGRV GRUPLWRULRFDELQD VHD LQVSHFFLRQDGR
0DQWHQLPLHQWR GHO PRWRU
VL GHWHFWD TXH ORV KXPRV GHO HVFDSH 3RU XQ WpFQLFR FRPSHWHQWH FDGD
HVWiQ HQWUDQGR HQ OD FDELQD R HQ PLOODV NP
$'9(57(1&,$
HO GRUPLWRULR ,QYHVWLJXH OD FDXVD
(O KXPR GH HVFDSH GHO PRWRU GH ORV KXPRV \ FRUUtMDOD WDQ SURQWR &XDQGR VH REVHUYH XQ FDPELR HQ
FRQWLHQH PRQy[LGR GH FDUERQR FRPR VHD SRVLEOH 6L HO YHKtFXOR HO VRQLGR GHO VLVWHPD GH HVFDSH
JDVHV LQFRORURV H LQRGRURV 1R VH GHEH FRQGXFLU EDMR HVWDV
UHVSLUH HO JDV GHO HVFDSH GHO PRWRU FRQGLFLRQHV FRQGX]FD ~QLFDPHQWH &XDQGR HO VLVWHPD GH HVFDSH
8Q VLVWHPD GHO HVFDSH FRQ XQ FRQ ODV YHQWDQDV DELHUWDV 6L QR OD SDUWH LQIHULRU GH OD FDUURFHUtD
PDQWHQLPLHQWR GH¿FLHQWH GDxDGR UHSDUD HO RULJHQ GH ORV KXPRV GH OD FDELQD R HO GRUPLWRULR HVWpQ
R FRUURtGR SXHGH SHUPLWLU TXH HO HVFDSH SRGUtD RFDVLRQDU OHVLRQHV GDxDGRV
PRQy[LGR GH FDUERQR HQWUH HQ OD SHUVRQDOHV OD PXHUWH R GDxR DO
FDELQD R HQ HO GRUPLWRULR 7DPELpQ HTXLSR R OD SURSLHGDG
HV SRVLEOH TXH HQWUH PRQy[LGR
GH FDUEyQ HQ OD FDELQD GH RWURV
127$
YHKtFXORV FHUFDQRV 6L QR SUHVWD
XQ PDQWHQLPLHQWR DSURSLDGR D VX 'p XQ PDQWHQLPLHQWR DSURSLDGR
YHKtFXOR SRGUtD RFDVLRQDU TXH DO VLVWHPD GHO HVFDSH GHO PRWRU
HO PRQy[LGR GH FDUEyQ HQWUH HQ \ HO VLVWHPD GH YHQWLODFLyQ GHO
OD FDELQDGRUPLWRULR \ RFDVLRQH GRUPLWRULRFDELQD
HQIHUPHGDGHV R OD PXHUWH
0$17(1,0,(172 '(/ 02725
0$17(1,0,(172 '(/ 02725
GHEH HVWDU HQWUH ODV PDUFDV GH /OHQDGR FRPSOHWR GHO DFHLWH GHO
OD YDULOOD GH PHGLFLyQ PRWRU
9XHOYD D FRORFDU OD YDULOOD GH /OpQHOR FRPSOHWDPHQWH FRQ
PHGLFLyQ \ JtUHOD SDUD DMXVWDUOD HQ DFHLWH VL HV QHFHVDULR SRU PHGLR
VX OXJDU GH OD DEHUWXUD GH OOHQDGR 8WLOLFH
HO JUDGR FRUUHFWR HQ OD FDQWLGDG
FRUUHFWD 3DUD REWHQHU GHWDOOHV
VREUH HO UHHPSOD]R GH DFHLWH
FRQVXOWH HO 0DQXDO GHO RSHUDGRU
GHO PRWRU TXH VH LQFOX\H FRQ HVWH
FKDVLV
'HVSXpV GH OOHQDU FRPSOHWDPHQWH
HVSHUH PLQXWR \ UHYLVH HO QLYHO
GH DFHLWH GH QXHYR
9XHOYD D FRORFDU OD WDSD GH OOHQDGR
GH DFHLWH \ JtUHOD SDUD DMXVWDUOD
HQ VX OXJDU
0$17(1,0,(172 '(/ 02725
0$17(1,0,(172 '(/ 02725
0$17(1,0,(172 '(/ 02725
0$17(1,0,(172 '(/ 02725
0$17(1,0,(172 '(/ 02725
5HYLVH OD RSHUDFLyQ GHO HPEUDJXH $VSDV H LPSXOVRU GHO YHQWLODGRU 0RQWDMH GHO PRWRU
DUUDQFDQGR HO PRWRU FXDQGR pVWH
(VSDFLR HQWUH ODV DVSDV GHO ,QVSHFFLyQ SHULyGLFDLQVSHFFLRQH ORV
HVWp IUtR /XHJR SyQJDOR D UDOHQWt
YHQWLODGRU$OUHGHGRU GHO UHIXHU]R GHO PRWRUHV UHFLpQ LQVWDODGRV FDGD
D DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH USP
YHQWLODGRU OD GLVWDQFLD UHFRPHQGDGD PLOODV 5HYLVH OR VLJXLHQWH
(VFXFKH VL KD\ IXJDV GH DLUH
HV GH SXOJ PP GHVGH HO ERUGH
GHODQWHUR GH FXDOTXLHU SLH]D ODWHUDO GHO ,QVSHFFLRQH ORV D¿DQ]DGRUHV GH
DVSD GHO YHQWLODGRU KDVWD HO UDGLDGRU PRQWDMH \ GH ODV SDWDV 5HYLVH
(O HVSDFLR PtQLPR HV GH SXOJ VL KD\ SHUQRV ÀRMRV R URWRV
PP 5HHPSODFH VHJ~Q VHD QHFHVDULR
0$17(1,0,(172 '(/ 02725
0$17(1,0,(172 '(/ 02725
0$17(1,0,(172 '(/ %$67,'25
0$17(1,0,(172 '(/ %$67,'25
0$17(1,0,(172 '(/ %$67,'25
0DQWHQLPLHQWR GH TXLQWD UXHGD 7RGRV ORV HQJUDVDGRUHV &DGD PHVHV R PLOODV
HVSHFLDOPHQWH DTXHOORV TXH
(O PDQWHQLPLHQWR SUHYHQWLYR
HQJUDVDQ OD VXSHU¿FLH VXSHULRU GH &RQVXOWH ORV GRFXPHQWRV
DSURSLDGR HV HVHQFLDO SDUD XQ VHUYLFLR
OD TXLQWD UXHGD HVSHFt¿FRV GHO IDEULFDQWH SDUD
VLQ SUREOHPDV \ XQD RSHUDFLyQ VHJXUD
REWHQHU DOJXQD LQVWUXFFLyQ
GH OD TXLQWD UXHGD
DGLFLRQDO
&DGD PHVHV R PLOODV 5HWLUH OD TXLQWD UXHGD GHO YHKtFXOR
&RQVXOWH ORV GRFXPHQWRV &RQVXOWH HO 0DQXDO GHO WDOOHU GH
HVSHFt¿FRV GHO IDEULFDQWH SDUD .HQZRUWK 'HVLQVWDODFLyQ GH OD
REWHQHU DOJXQD LQVWUXFFLyQ TXLQWD UXHGD
DGLFLRQDO /LPSLH D YDSRU ORV VRSRUWHV GH
/LPSLH D YDSRU OD TXLQWD UXHGD PRQWDMH \ OD TXLQWD UXHGD
0$17(1,0,(172 '(/ %$67,'25
0$17(1,0,(172 '(/ (-( '(/$17(52 < 6863(16,Ï1
0$17(1,0,(172 '(/ (-( '(/$17(52 < 6863(16,Ï1
0$17(1,0,(172 '(/ (-( '(/$17(52 < 6863(16,Ï1
0$17(1,0,(172 '(/ (-( '(/$17(52 < 6863(16,Ï1
0$17(1,0,(172 '(/ &$/()$&725 < $,5( $&21',&,21$'2
0$17(1,0,(172 '(/ &$/()$&725 < $,5( $&21',&,21$'2
3UHFDXFLRQHV HVSHFLDOHV
$'9(57(1&,$
'HPDVLDGR FDORU SXHGH RFDVLRQDU
TXH ORV FRPSRQHQWHV SUHVXUL]DGRV
GHO VLVWHPD GH DLUH DFRQGLFLRQDGR
H[SORWHQ 1XQFD VXHOGH OLPSLH D
YDSRU QL XWLOLFH XQ VRSOHWH FHUFD GH
DOJXQD SDUWH GHO VLVWHPD GH DLUH
DFRQGLFLRQDGR 6L QR FXPSOH FRQ
HVWD DGYHUWHQFLD SXHGH RFDVLRQDU
OHVLRQHV SHUVRQDOHV OD PXHUWH R
GDxR DO HTXLSR R D OD SURSLHGDG
$'9(57(1&,$
6L VH GHVDUUROOD XQD IXJD GH
UHIULJHUDQWH FXDQGR KD\ GHPDVLDGR
FDORU R XQD OODPD DELHUWD VH SXHGHQ
JHQHUDU JDVHV SHOLJURVRV (VWRV
JDVHV SXHGHQ RFDVLRQDU SpUGLGD GHO
FRQRFLPLHQWR R OD PXHUWH
0$17(1,0,(172 '(/ &$/()$&725 < $,5( $&21',&,21$'2
0$17(1,0,(172 '(/ &$/()$&725 < $,5( $&21',&,21$'2
0$17(1,0,(172 '(/ &$/()$&725 < $,5( $&21',&,21$'2
127$
8Q Q~FOHR GHO FRQGHQDGRU R
HYDSRUDGRU FRQ IXJDV QR VH SXHGH
UHSDUDU VH GHEH UHHPSOD]DU
0$17(1,0,(172 '( &21752/ '( (0,6,21(6 < 58,'2
0$17(1,0,(172 '( &21752/ '( (0,6,21(6 < 58,'2
5HWLUDU R GHVFRPSRQHU ORV &yPR UHWLUDU R GHMDU VLQ &yPR UHWLUDU ORV DLVODGRUHV GH
VLOHQFLDGRUHVGHSXUDGRUHV GH DLUH IXQFLRQDPLHQWR ORV FRPSRQHQWHV UXLGR GHO EORTXH GHO PRWRU R ORV
R OD WXEHUtD GH DGPLVLyQ GHO VLVWHPD GH HVFDSH TXH HVWiQ FHUFD GHO UHFLSLHQWH GH
DFHLWH
6LVWHPD GH HQIULDPLHQWR GHO PRWRU 6LVWHPD GH FRPEXVWLEOH
&yPR SHUIRUDU DJXMHURV R FRUWDU
5HWLUDU R GHMDU VLQ IXQFLRQDPLHQWR &yPR UHWLUDU \ GHMDU VLQ
SDUWHV GH ORV DLVODGRUHV GH UXLGR
HO HPEUDJXH GHO YHQWLODGRU IXQFLRQDPLHQWR HO JREHUQDGRU GH
YHORFLGDG GHO PRWRU SHUPLWLHQGR &yPR UHWLUDU HO DLVODPLHQWR GH
&yPR UHWLUDU HO UHIXHU]R GHO TXH OD YHORFLGDG GHO PRWRU H[FHGD UXLGR PRQWDGR HQ HO FRIUH
YHQWLODGRU ODV HVSHFL¿FDFLRQHV GHO IDEULFDQWH
0RWRU
5HWLUDU HO DWHQXDGRU GH OD VHxDO
5HWLUDU R GHVFRPSRQHU HO GH DLUH HQ PRWRUHV HTXLSDGRV FRQ
JREHUQDGRU GH YHORFLGDG GHO HVWH GLVSRVLWLYR
PRWRU GH PDQHUD TXH SHUPLWD TXH )DOGRQHV GH OD FDELQD \ SURWHFWRUHV
OD YHORFLGDG GHO PRWRU H[FHGD ODV LQWHULRUHV GHO JXDUGDIDQJRV
HVSHFL¿FDFLRQHV GHO IDEULFDQWH
&yPR UHWLUDU HO SURWHFWRU R ORV
&yPR PRGL¿FDU ORV SDUiPHWURV GH IDOGRQHV
OD (&8
&yPR FRUWDU SDUWHV GH ORV
SURWHFWRUHV IDOGRQHV R SDUWHV
ÀRMDV R GDxDGDV GH ORV SURWHFWRUHV
R IDOGRQHV
0$17(1,0,(172 '( &21752/ '( (0,6,21(6 < 58,'2
0$17(1,0,(172 '( &21752/ '( (0,6,21(6 < 58,'2
0$17(1,0,(172 '( &21752/ '( (0,6,21(6 < 58,'2
5HYLVH HO ¿OWUR 6&5 DEUD]DGHUDV 5HYLVH VL OD WXEHUtD GHO HVFDSH 5HYLVH HO ¿OWUR GH SDUWtFXODV GH
\ VRSRUWHV GH PRQWDMH $SULHWH VL WLHQH y[LGR FRUURVLyQ R GDxRV GLHVHO '3) ODV DEUD]DGHUDV \
HV QHFHVDULR ,QVSHFFLRQH VL HO 5HHPSODFH OD WXEHUtD GHWHULRUDGD ORV VRSRUWHV GH PRQWDMH $SULHWH
¿OWUR 6&5 WLHQH VHxDOHV GH y[LGR DQWHV GH TXH DSDUH]FDQ DJXMHURV VL HV QHFHVDULR ,QVSHFFLRQH VL HO
R FRUURVLyQ 6L OD WXEHUtD HV SHUIRUDGD HQ DOJ~Q ¿OWUR GH SDUWtFXODV GH GLHVHO '3)
SXQWR SXHGH FRORFDU XQ SDUFKH WLHQH VHxDOHV GH y[LGR R FRUURVLyQ
R SURWHFWRU WHPSRUDO KDVWD TXH
SXHGD UHDOL]DU XQD UHSDUDFLyQ 5HYLVH HO DPRUWLJXDGRU LQWHUQR
SHUPDQHQWH (Q ORV PRWRUHV (VWD UHYLVLyQ SXHGH KDFHUOD
WXUERFDUJDGRV UHYLVH VL ODV MXQWDV SRQLHQGR DWHQFLyQ SDUD YHU VL
HQ ODV EULGDV \ ORV VRSRUWHV GH HVFXFKD UXLGRV PHWiOLFRV PLHQWUDV
PRQWDMH HVWiQ DSUHWDGDV JROSHD HO ¿OWUR GH SDUWtFXODV '3)
FRQ XQ PD]R GH FDXFKR R DFHOHUDU
R GHVDFHOHUDU HO PRWRU D WUDYpV
GH VX UDQJR GH IXQFLRQDPLHQWR
QRUPDO
0$17(1,0,(172 '( &21752/ '( (0,6,21(6 < 58,'2
0$17(1,0,(172 '( &21752/ '( (0,6,21(6 < 58,'2
TXH QR WRTXH ODV DVSDV GHO 7UDQVPLVLyQ \ OtQHD GH WUDQVPLVLyQ &REHUWRU GH DLVODPLHQWR GHO FRIUH
YHQWLODGRU
6L VXVWLWX\H FRPSRQHQWHV GH OD 5HYLVH WRGRV ORV D¿DQ]DGRUHV
5HYLVH SDUD YHUL¿FDU TXH HO OtQHD GH WUDQVPLVLyQ R WUDQVPLVLyQ SDUD YHU VX FRQGLFLyQ \ VL HVWiQ
YHQWLODGRU QR HVWi DFWLYDGR VLQ SULQFLSDO TXH QR VHDQ XQLGDGHV VHJXURV 5HSDUH R UHHPSODFH
JLUDU FRQ HO PRWRU HQ PDUFKD GH GLVHxR HVSHFL¿FDGDV SXHGH DOJ~Q D¿DQ]DGRU TXHEUDGR R
D WHPSHUDWXUDV GH RSHUDFLyQ RFDVLRQDU XQ DXPHQWR HQ OD GHIHFWXRVR
QRUPDOHV GH IUtR DO SXQWR HQ TXH HPLVLyQ GH UXLGRV GHO YHKtFXOR
VH DFWLYD HO YHQWLODGRU
0$17(1,0,(172 '( &21752/ '( (0,6,21(6 < 58,'2
0$17(1,0,(172 '( &21752/ '( (0,6,21(6 < 58,'2
0$17(1,0,(172 '( &21752/ '( (0,6,21(6 < 58,'2
0$17(1,0,(172 '(/ (-( 75$6(52 < 6863(16,Ï1
0$17(1,0,(172
127$ /D VXVSHQVLyQ GH VX YHKtFXOR SRU
'(/ (-( 75$6(52 GLVHxR UHTXLHUH XQD FDQWLGDG PtQLPD
8WLOLFH EORTXHV GH PDGHUD GH
< 6863(16,Ï1 SXOJ ; SXOJ PP ; GH PDQWHQLPLHQWR 6LQ HPEDUJR
PP R PiV JUDQGHV FRQWUD ODV ODV VXVSHQVLRQHV HQ RSHUDFLRQHV
0DQWHQLPLHQWR JHQHUDO VXSHU¿FLHV GHODQWHUD \ WUDVHUD GH VREUH OD FDUUHWHUD UHTXLHUHQ LQVSHFFLyQ
ODV UXHGDV $VHJ~UHVH GH TXH HO SHULyGLFD SDUD DVHJXUDU XQ UHQGLPLHQWR
$'9(57(1&,$ YHKtFXOR QR VH SXHGD PRYHU VLQ SUREOHPDV
1R WUDEDMH HQ HO YHKtFXOR VLQ
DSOLFDU HO IUHQR GH HVWDFLRQDPLHQWR
\ VLQ DFXxDU ODV UXHGDV HQ
IRUPD VHJXUD 6L HO YHKtFXOR
QR HVWi DVHJXUDGR SDUD HYLWDU
XQ PRYLPLHQWR LQFRQWURODGR GHO
YHKtFXOR pVWH SRGUtD URGDU \
RFDVLRQDU OHVLRQHV SHUVRQDOHV
JUDYHV OD PXHUWH R GDxR D OD
SURSLHGDG R HTXLSR
0$17(1,0,(172 '(/ (-( 75$6(52 < 6863(16,Ï1
0$17(1,0,(172 '(/ (-( 75$6(52 < 6863(16,Ï1
0$17(1,0,(172 '(/ (-( 75$6(52 < 6863(16,Ï1
0$17(1,0,(172 '(/ (-( 75$6(52 < 6863(16,Ï1
0$17(1,0,(172 '(/ (-( 75$6(52 < 6863(16,Ï1
0$17(1,0,(172 '(/ (-( 75$6(52 < 6863(16,Ï1
0$17(1,0,(172 '(/ (-( 75$6(52 < 6863(16,Ï1
0$17(1,0,(172 '( ',5(&&,Ï1 < /Ë1($ '( /$ 75$160,6,Ï1
0$17(1,0,(172 '(
',5(&&,Ï1 < /Ë1($ '( $'9(57(1&,$ 127$
0$17(1,0,(172 '( ',5(&&,Ï1 < /Ë1($ '( /$ 75$160,6,Ï1
0$17(1,0,(172 '( ',5(&&,Ï1 < /Ë1($ '( /$ 75$160,6,Ï1
5HYLVH YLVXDOPHQWH ODV VLJXLHQWHV GLUHFFLyQ OOHYH VX FDPLyQ D XQD 1LYHO GH OtTXLGR \
SDUWHV DJHQFLD GLVWULEXLGRUD DXWRUL]DGD UHDEDVWHFLPLHQWR
GH .HQZRUWK SDUD TXH OR HYDO~HQ
7XER HQ FUX] ¢(VWi UHFWR"
&DPELH HO OtTXLGR \ ORV ¿OWURV GH OD
$EUD]DGHUD GHO WXER GH OD EDUUD GH GLUHFFLyQ KLGUiXOLFD HQ XQD DJHQFLD
GLUHFFLyQ 5HYLVH VL KD\ KROJXUD R GLVWULEXLGRUD DXWRUL]DGD GH .HQZRUWK
LQWHUIHUHQFLD
5HYLVH \ FDPELH FRPSOHWDPHQWH
5yWXODV \ MXQWDV HQ 8 GH OD HO QLYHO GH OtTXLGR GH DFXHUGR
GLUHFFLyQ 5HYLVH VL HVWiQ ÀRMDV FRQ OD 7DEOD ,QWHUYDORV GH
OXEULFDFLyQ UHFRPHQGDGRV HQ OD
6L HO YRODQWH WLHQH GHPDVLDGR SiJLQD 8WLOLFH HO VLJXLHQWH
MXHJR OLEUH 3ULPHUR UHYLVH ODV SURFHGLPLHQWR
FDXVDV SUREDEOHV PiV VLPSOHV
127$
SUHVLRQHV GHVLJXDOHV GH OD
OODQWD $QWHV GH UHWLUDU OD FXELHUWD GHO
GHSyVLWR OLPSLH OD SDUWH H[WHULRU GH
WXHUFDV FLHJDV ÀRMDV OD FXELHUWD SDUD TXH OD VXFLHGDG QR
FDLJD GHQWUR GHO GHSyVLWR
WXER HQ FUX] GREODGR
0$17(1,0,(172 '( ',5(&&,Ï1 < /Ë1($ '( /$ 75$160,6,Ï1
0$17(1,0,(172 '( ',5(&&,Ï1 < /Ë1($ '( /$ 75$160,6,Ï1
0$17(1,0,(172 '( ',5(&&,Ï1 < /Ë1($ '( /$ 75$160,6,Ï1
$'9(57(1&,$
8QD OXEULFDFLyQ LQFRUUHFWD GH ODV
MXQWDV HQ 8 SXHGH RFDVLRQDU TXH
pVWDV IDOOHQ SUHPDWXUDPHQWH (O
HMH LPSXOVRU SXHGH VHSDUDUVH GHO
YHKtFXOR \ SURYRFDU XQ DFFLGHQWH
$VHJ~UHVH GH TXH HO OXEULFDQWH
VDOJD HQ ORV FXDWUR H[WUHPRV
GH FDGD MXQWD HQ 8 \ DÀRMH ORV
WDSRQHV VL HV QHFHVDULR $GHPiV
LQVSHFFLRQH UHJXODUPHQWH ODV
MXQWDV HQ 8 SDUD YHU VL WLHQHQ XQ
PRYLPLHQWR R GHVJDVWH H[FHVLYR
\ UHSDUH R UHHPSODFH VHJ~Q VHD
QHFHVDULR 6L QR FXPSOH FRQ
HVWD DGYHUWHQFLD SXHGH RFDVLRQDU
OHVLRQHV SHUVRQDOHV OD PXHUWH R
GDxR DO HTXLSR R D OD SURSLHGDG
0$17(1,0,(172 '( //$17$6 < 58('$6
0$17(1,0,(172 '( //$17$6 < 58('$6
0$17(1,0,(172 '( //$17$6 < 58('$6
ÒQLFDPHQWH SHUVRQDO
FDSDFLWDGR DSURSLDGDPHQWH
GHEH GDU VHUYLFLR D ORV
HQVDPEOHV GH OODQWD \ DUR
0$17(1,0,(172 '( //$17$6 < 58('$6
,QVSHFFLyQ \ UHHPSOD]R GH HQFXHQWUD DOJ~Q GDxR R VL VRVSHFKD &DUJD H LQÀDGR GH ODV OODQWDV
ODV OODQWDV TXH KD\ GDxRV QR LQWHQWH UHSDUDUORV
6ROLFLWH VHUYLFLR D XQ H[SHUWR HQ /D SUHVLyQ EDMD HV HO SHRU HQHPLJR GH
,QVSHFFLRQH YLVXDOPHQWH VXV OODQWDV OODQWDV ODV OODQWDV 8QD SUHVLyQ LQVX¿FLHQWH GH
FRQ IUHFXHQFLD SDUD YHU VL KD\ DOJXQD DLUH SHUPLWH TXH ODV OODQWDV VH GREOHQ
FRQGLFLyQ DQRUPDO FRPR UDVSRQHV LQDSURSLDGDPHQWH RFDVLRQDQGR TXH
SURWXEHUDQFLDV \ GHVJDVWH GHVLJXDO DXPHQWHQ ODV DOWDV WHPSHUDWXUDV (O
(VWR VH GHEH KDFHU LQPHGLDWDPHQWH FDORU RFDVLRQD GDxRV SUHPDWXURV GH OD
GHVSXpV GH TXH OD OODQWD KD\D WRSDGR OODQWD FRPR FRUWHV ÀH[LEOHV UDMDGXUDV
R VH VRVSHFKH TXH KD WRSDGR FRQ UDGLDOHV \ VHSDUDFLyQ GH OD FDSD < OD
XQ REMHWR HQ OD FDUUHWHUD KR\R SUHVLyQ EDMD SXHGH DIHFWDU HO FRQWURO
LUUHJXODULGDG GH OD FDUUHWHUD R GHVSXpV GH VX YHKtFXOR HVSHFLDOPHQWH HQ ODV
GH XQ IUHQDGR VHYHUR &RQVXOWH HVWDV UXHGDV GHODQWHUDV
FRQGLFLRQHV D XQ &HQWUR GH VHUYLFLR GH
OODQWDV DXWRUL]DGR SDUD UHSDUDFLyQ R
UHHPSOD]R 1XQFD FRQGX]FD FRQ XQD
OODQWD VL DSDUHFHQ GLFKDV FRQGLFLRQHV
6L OD OODQWD VH YH GHVLQÀDGD KiJDVH
D XQ ODGR GHO FDPLQR \ UHYLVH VL KD\
GDxRV HQ HO HQVDPEOH GH OD UXHGD
(VWR VH SXHGH KDFHU FRPSDUDQGR
YLVXDOPHQWH OD UXHGD HQ FXHVWLyQ FRQ
ODV GHPiV UXHGDV GHO YHKtFXOR 3DUD
HQVDPEOHV GH UXHGD GREOHV UHYLVH
VL KD\ GDxRV HQWUH ODV UXHGDV 6L
0$17(1,0,(172 '( //$17$6 < 58('$6
,QÀDGR GH OD OODQWD
$'9(57(1&,$ $'9(57(1&,$
/D PD\RUtD GH SUREOHPDV GH GHVJDVWH 1R UHSDUH OODQWDV GDxDGDV D PHQRV
1R RSHUH HO YHKtFXOR FRQ OODQWDV
GH OODQWDV VRQ RFDVLRQDGRV SRU SUHVLyQ TXH XVWHG HVWp FRPSOHWDPHQWH
TXH WHQJDQ SUHVLyQ LQVX¿FLHQWH GH
LQVX¿FLHQWH GH DLUH FRPR UHVXOWDGR FDSDFLWDGR \ HTXLSDGR SDUD KDFHUOR
DLUH (O H[FHVR GH FDORU RFDVLRQDGR
GH IXJDV OHQWDV 3RU OR TXH GHELHUD /RV HQVDPEOHV GH OD OODQWD \
SRU OD SUHVLyQ LQVX¿FLHQWH GH DLUH
UHYLVDU OD SUHVLyQ GH ODV OODQWDV HQ OD UXHGD QR VH SXHGHQ WUDEDMDU
SXHGH RFDVLRQDU IDOODV UHSHQWLQDV
IRUPD UHJXODU 5HYLVH YLVXDOPHQWH VLQ ODV KHUUDPLHQWDV \ HO HTXLSR
HQ ODV OODQWDV FRPR LQFHQGLR R
ODV OODQWDV WRGRV ORV GtDV \ UHYLVH OD DSURSLDGR FRPR GLVSRVLWLYRV GH
H[SORVLyQ GH ODV OODQWDV /D SUHVLyQ
SUHVLyQ GH LQÀDGR FRQ XQ LQGLFDGRU UHVWULFFLyQ R MDXODV GH VHJXULGDG
EDMD SXHGH DIHFWDU HO FRQWURO HQ ODV
FDGD VHPDQD (V UHFRPHQGDEOH TXH WRGDV ODV
UXHGDV GHODQWHUDV OR TXH SRGUtD
RFDVLRQDU XQ DFFLGHQWH 0DQWHQJD UHSDUDFLRQHV GH ODV OODQWDV ODV
&XDQGR UHYLVH OD SUHVLyQ GH ODV OODQWDV
VXV OODQWDV LQÀDGDV GH DFXHUGR FRQ HIHFW~H XQ H[SHUWR $OpMHVH GHO
LQVSHFFLRQH FDGD OODQWD SDUD YHU VL
OD SUHVLyQ GH DLUH UHFRPHQGDGD HQVDPEOH GH OD OODQWD PLHQWUDV HO
WLHQH GDxRV HQ ORV FRVWDGRV FRUWHV
GHO IDEULFDQWH 6L QR FXPSOH FRQ H[SHUWR HVWi WUDEDMDQGR 6L QR
UDMDGXUDV GHVJDVWH GHVLJXDO URFDV
HVWD DGYHUWHQFLD SXHGH RFDVLRQDU FXPSOH FRQ HVWD DGYHUWHQFLD SXHGH
HQWUH ODV UXHGDV OODQWDV GREOHV HWF
OHVLRQHV SHUVRQDOHV OD PXHUWH R SURYRFDU OHVLRQHV SHUVRQDOHV R OD
6L XQD OODQWD SDUHFH TXH WLHQH SUHVLyQ
GDxR DO HTXLSR R D OD SURSLHGDG PXHUWH
LQVX¿FLHQWH GH DLUH UHYLVH VL KD\
GDxRV HQ HO HQVDPEOH GH OD UXHGD 1R
ROYLGH UHYLVDU HQWUH ODV UXHGDV GREOHV
6L HQFXHQWUD GDxRV HQ ODV UXHGDV
OOpYHODV D XQ H[SHUWR HQ VHUYLFLR GH
OODQWDV SDUD TXH ODV UHSDUH
0$17(1,0,(172 '( //$17$6 < 58('$6
0$17(1,0,(172 '( //$17$6 < 58('$6
0$17(1,0,(172 '( //$17$6 < 58('$6
/D VREUHFDUJD GH VX YHKtFXOR HV
WDQ GDxLQD SDUD ODV OODQWDV FRPR OD
SUHVLyQ LQVX¿FLHQWH GH DLUH eVWD
DIHFWD VLJQL¿FDWLYDPHQWH OD YLGD
0$17(1,0,(172 '( //$17$6 < 58('$6
&DUJD GHO YHKtFXOR 1RUPDO 0iV GH 0iV GH 0iV GH 0iV GH 0iV GH
3UHVLyQ GH ODV 1RUPDO 0HQRV GH 0HQRV GH 0HQRV GH 0HQRV GH 0HQRV GH
OODQWDV
0LOODMH WRWDO 1RUPDO
HVSHUDGR
GH ODV OODQWDV
0$17(1,0,(172 '( //$17$6 < 58('$6
0$17(1,0,(172 '( //$17$6 < 58('$6
&21),*85$&,Ï1 '( /$ 58('$ 7$0$f2 '(/ (63È55$*2 72548( 3$5$ /$6 78(5&$6 '( /$ $%5$=$'(5$ '(/ $52 <
< '( /$ 78(5&$ 78(5&$6 &,(*$6 ,17(5,25 < (;7(5,25
1P /ESLHV
5XHGD WLSR GLVFR GH DFHUR R
DOXPLQLR PRQWDMH GH OD WXHUFD FLHJD
GREOH
$VLHQWR GH OD UyWXOD FRQ UDGLR GH
HVWiQGDU
5XHGD WLSR GLVFR GH DFHUR GH
WUDEDMR SHVDGR PRQWDMH GH OD
WXHUFD FLHJD GREOH
$VLHQWR GH OD UyWXOD FRQ UDGLR GH
5XHGD WLSR GLVFR FHQWUDGD SRU FXER 0
FRQ WXHUFDV FLHJDV FRQ EULGD GH GRV
SDUWHV
5XHGD GH DFHUR R DOXPLQLR
&RQWUDWXHUFDV GHO HVSiUUDJR
FXDQGR VH XWLOL]DQ
0$17(1,0,(172 '( //$17$6 < 58('$6
0$17(1,0,(172 '( //$17$6 < 58('$6
0$17(1,0,(172 '( //$17$6 < 58('$6
0$17(1,0,(172 '( //$17$6 < 58('$6
0$17(1,0,(172 '( //$17$6 < 58('$6
0$17(1,0,(172 '( //$17$6 < 58('$6
/ODQWDV LJXDOHV
$'9(57(1&,$
$VHJ~UHVH GH FRPSUDU OODQWDV LJXDOHV
1R FRORTXH OODQWDV GLIHUHQWHV
SDUD VX YHKtFXOR HVSHFLDOPHQWH HQ ORV
SXHGH VHU SHOLJURVR 1XQFD PH]FOH
HMHV WUDVHURV /DV OODQWDV GLIHUHQWHV
OODQWDV GH GLVWLQWR GLVHxR FRPR
SXHGHQ RFDVLRQDU WHQVLyQ HQWUH HMHV
UDGLDOHV FRQ FLQWDV GH DFHUR \
\ RFDVLRQDU TXH OD WHPSHUDWXUD GHO
OODQWDV GH FDSD GH VHVJR HWF 6L
OXEULFDQWH GHO HMH VH SRQJD PX\
PH]FOD ORV WDPDxRV \ WLSRV GH
FDOLHQWH /DV OODQWDV LJXDOHV D\XGDUiQ
OODQWDV DIHFWDUi HQ IRUPD DGYHUVD
D TXH OD OtQHD GH WUDQVPLVLyQ GXUH
OD FDSDFLGDG GH DJDUUH GH OD
PiV \ RIUHFHUiQ XQ PHMRU PLOODMH GH OD
FDUUHWHUD GH DPERV WLSRV GH OODQWDV
OODQWD
\ SXHGH SURYRFDU SpUGLGD GH FRQWURO
GHO YHKtFXOR 6L QR FXPSOH FRQ
HVWD DGYHUWHQFLD SXHGH RFDVLRQDU
OHVLRQHV SHUVRQDOHV OD PXHUWH R
GDxR DO HTXLSR R D OD SURSLHGDG
$VHJ~UHVH WDPELpQ GH XWLOL]DU ODV
OODQWDV GHO WDPDxR FRUUHFWR HQ FDGD
UXHGD $OJXQRV FDPLRQHV UHTXLHUHQ
GLVWLQWRV WDPDxRV HQ ODV UXHGDV
GHODQWHUDV \ WUDVHUDV 3DUD VX
VHJXULGDG VLHPSUH XWLOLFH HO WLSR \
WDPDxR UHFRPHQGDGR GH ODV OODQWDV
0$17(1,0,(172 '( 75$160,6,Ï1 < (0%5$*8(
0$17(1,0,(172 '( 75$160,6,Ï1 < (0%5$*8(
0$17(1,0,(172 '( 75$160,6,Ï1 < (0%5$*8(
0$17(1,0,(172 '( 75$160,6,Ï1 < (0%5$*8(
0$17(1,0,(172 '( 75$160,6,Ï1 < (0%5$*8(
,1)250$&,Ï1
,'(17,),&$&,Ï1 '(/ 9(+Ë&8/2 ( ,1)250$&,Ï1 '(/ &21680,'25
,'(17,),&$&,Ï1 '(/ 9(+Ë&8/2 ( ,1)250$&,Ï1 '(/ &21680,'25
,'(17,),&$&,Ï1 '(/ 9(+Ë&8/2 ( ,1)250$&,Ï1 '(/ &21680,'25
(WLTXHWD GH LGHQWL¿FDFLyQ GH
SLQWXUD
,'(17,),&$&,Ï1 '(/ 9(+Ë&8/2 ( ,1)250$&,Ï1 '(/ &21680,'25
*$:5 '(/$17(52
,17(50(',2 \ 75$6(52
&ODVL¿FDFLRQHV GHO SHVR EUXWR
GHO HMH SDUD HO HMH GHODQWHUR
LQWHUPHGLR \ WUDVHUR
,'(17,),&$&,Ï1 '(/ 9(+Ë&8/2 ( ,1)250$&,Ï1 '(/ &21680,'25
,'(17,),&$&,Ï1 '(/ 9(+Ë&8/2 ( ,1)250$&,Ï1 '(/ &21680,'25
,'(17,),&$&,Ï1 '(/ 9(+Ë&8/2 ( ,1)250$&,Ï1 '(/ &21680,'25
ËQGLFH
ËQGLFH
WD UXHGD GHO DVLHQWR SUHVLyQ GHO DFHLWH GHO PRWRU
PDQWHQLPLHQWR $MXVWH GHO DVLHQWR $OHUWDV DXGLEOHV
DVLHQWR GHO FRQGXFWRU FRQ $OHUWDV GH VHJXULGDG
VLVWHPD GH IUHQRV GH VXVSHQVLyQ GH DLUH $OPDFHQDPLHQWR GH OD FDELQD
HVWDFLRQDPLHQWR GHO WUDFWRU DVLHQWR HVWiQGDU GHO FRPSDUWLPLHQWRV LQWHULRUHV
FRQGXFWRU JXDQWHUD
$ DVLHQWRV UHFOLQDEOHV $OPDFHQDPLHQWR HQ OD FDELQD
D FRQWURO UHPRWR 5.( GHO OODYHUR $MXVWHV $PSHUtPHWUR
VLQFURQL]DFLyQ GHO OODYHUR GH ORV DVLHQWRV $SDJDGR
VROXFLyQ GH SUREOHPDV $MXVWHV GH ORV FLQWXURQHV DQWHV GH DSDJDU HO PRWRU
$FFHVR DO PDUFR \ OD FDELQD GH VHJXULGDG HQIULDPLHQWR GHO WXUER
$FFHVRULRV $ODUPDV FDUJDGRU
HQFHQGHGRU DODUPD GH DGYHUWHQFLD GH SUHVLyQ HVSHFL¿FDFLyQ GHO
UDGLR EDMD HQ ODV OODQWDV SULPDULD FRPEXVWLEOH
$FHUFD GH HVWH PDQXDO DODUPD GH DGYHUWHQFLD GH LQWURGXFFLyQ
$GYHUWHQFLD VREUH OD 3URSXHVWD GH SUHVLyQ EDMD HQ ODV OODQWDV OLWHUD GHO GRUPLWRULR
&DOLIRUQLD VHFXQGDULD SURFHGLPLHQWRV GH DSDJDGR
$JUHJDU RSFLRQHV HOpFWULFDV DODUPD GH GHWHQHU HO PRWRU ¿QDO
$KRUUR GH FRPEXVWLEOH GHVOL]DPLHQWR GH OD TXLQWD UHDEDVWHFLPLHQWR GH
FRQVXPR GH FRPEXVWLEOH UXHGD FRPEXVWLEOH
KiELWRV GH PDQHMR IUHQR GH HVWDFLRQDPLHQWR XELFDFLyQ GH ODV YiOYXODV GH FRUWH
$MXVWH GH OD FRUUHD GH VXMHFLyQ QLYHO EDMR GHO UHIULJHUDQWH GH FRPEXVWLEOH
ËQGLFH
ËQGLFH
$VLHQWRV &DOHIDFFLyQ \ DLUH DFRQGLFLRQDGR YHQWLODV GHO WDEOHUR \ GHO SLVR
IXQFLyQ NRPIRUWORN FDOHIDFFLyQ &DOHIDFWRU GHO PRWRU EORTXH
$VLHQWRV \ FLQWXURQHV GH FDOHIDFWRU GHO GRUPLWRULR &RQWUROHV &DOHIDFWRU \ DLUH DFRQGLFLRQDGR
VHJXULGDG GH $& DLUH DFRQGLFLRQDGR
$XWRSUXHED GH HQFHQGLGR FRQWUROHV GH OD FDELQD FDOHIDFWRU
GH DODUPDV 3267 GHVHPSDxDU \ GHVFRQJHODU HO FDOHQWDPLHQWR GH OD
SDUDEULVDV WUDQVPLVLyQ
GHVKXPLGL¿FDU &DPELRV GH FRQ¿JXUDFLyQ
% HQIULDPLHQWR GHO YHKtFXOR/LPLWDFLRQHV \
%DWHUtD
LQWHUUXSWRU GH DLUH OLQHDPLHQWRV
FDUJD GH OD EDWHUtD
SXURUHFLUFXODFLyQ OLPLWDFLRQHV \ OLQHDPLHQWRV
%DWHUtDV
LQWHUUXSWRU GH UHFLUFXODFLyQ &DUJD GHO YHKtFXOR
DFFHVR D ODV EDWHUtDV
PRGR GH DLUH SXUR GLVWULEXFLyQ GH OD FDUJD
FXLGDGR GH OD EDWHUtD
SUHFDXFLRQHV *$:5
GHVLQVWDODFLyQ H LQVWDODFLyQ GH ODV
TXp IXQFLyQ WLHQH FDGD FRQWURO *&:
EDWHUtDV
VHOHFWRU GH FRQWURO GH ÀXMR GH *9:5
YHKtFXORV DUUDQFDGRV FRQ FRQH[LyQ
DLUH &DUJD VHJXUD
GH SXHQWH
VHOHFWRU GH FRQWURO GH GHO YHKtFXOR
%ORTXHR GHO GLIHUHQFLDO FRQWURODGR SRU
WHPSHUDWXUD &LQWXUyQ GH KRPEURDEGRPLQDO
HO FRQGXFWRU
VHOHFWRU GH FRQWURO GHO &LQWXUyQ GH VHJXULGDG
%ORTXHR GHO GLIHUHQFLDO SULQFLSDO
YHQWLODGRU $MXVWH FRUUHFWR GHO FLQWXUyQ GH
FRQWURODGR SRU HO FRQGXFWRU
YHQWLODV GH GHVFRQJHODFLyQ VHJXULGDG
YHQWLODV GHO SLVR GDxR DO FLQWXUyQ \ UHSDUDFLyQ
& YHQWLODV GHO SLVR \ GH &LQWXURQHV GH VHJXULGDG
&DGHQDV GHVFRQJHODFLyQ FLQWXUyQ GH
&DGHQDV SDUD ODV OODQWDV YHQWLODV GHO WDEOHUR KRPEURDEGRPLQDO
ËQGLFH
ËQGLFH
ËQGLFH
ËQGLFH
DMXVWH GHO HPEUDJXH VROXFLyQ GH SUREOHPDV )DURV FRQ OLPSLDSDUDEULVDV
DMXVWH GHO PHFDQLVPR GHO (TXLSR LQVWDODGR 0DQXDOHV GHO SDUD DFWLYDU ORV IDURV FRQ
HPEUDJXH RSHUDGRU OLPSLDSDUDEULVDV
DUUDVWUH GHO HPEUDJXH (VSHFL¿FDFLyQ GH FRPEXVWLEOH )LOWUR \ GHSXUDGRU GH DLUH
GREOH DSOLFDFLyQ GHO (VSHFL¿FDFLRQHV GH OXEULFDQWH )LOWURV GH FRPEXVWLEOH
HPEUDJXH (VSHMRV GUHQDMH
IUHQR GHO HPEUDJXH ERWyQ GH FDOHIDFFLyQ GHO LQVWDODFLyQ
LGHQWL¿FDFLyQ HVSHMR )UHQRV DQWLEORTXHR
LQWURGXFFLyQ LQWHUUXSWRU GHO HVSHMR $%6 GH UHPROTXH
OXEULFDFLyQ GHO FRMLQHWH GH OLEHUDFLyQ HOpFWULFR $%6 SDUD UHPROTXH VLQ 3/&
GHO HPEUDJXH (WLTXHWDV GH FHUWL¿FDFLyQ FRQWURO GHO JLUR GH OD UXHGD
OXEULFDFLyQ GHO HMH GHO SHGDO GHO HWLTXHWD GH FHUWL¿FDFLyQ GH HVWiQGDU )UHQRV GH HVWDFLRQDPLHQWR GHO VLVWHPD
HPEUDJXH GH VHJXULGDG IHGHUDO GH DLUH HXURSHR
OXEULFDFLyQ GHO PHFDQLVPR GHO HWLTXHWD GH FRPSRQHQWHV \ IUHQRV GH UHVRUWH OLEHUDFLyQ
HPEUDJXH QR (6, SHVRV PDQXDO
PHFDQLVPR GHO HPEUDJXH HWLTXHWD GH GDWRV GH FODVL¿FDFLyQ )XHQWHV DGLFLRQDOHV GH
UHFRUULGR GHO HPEUDJXH GH SHVR DUR \ OODQWD LQIRUPDFLyQ
(PEUDJXH GHO YHQWLODGRU HWLTXHWD GH HPLVLyQ GH UXLGR $GYHUWHQFLD VREUH OD 3URSXHVWD
(PHUJHQFLD HWLTXHWD GH LGHQWL¿FDFLyQ GH GH &DOLIRUQLD
NLW GHO HTXLSR GH HPHUJHQFLD SDUWHV HTXLSR LQVWDODGR PDQXDOHV GHO
YHKtFXORV TXH DUUDQFDQ FRQ OD RSHUDGRU
FRQH[LyQ GH SXHQWH RWUDV IXHQWHV
(QFHQGHGRU
) UHJLVWUR GH GDWRV
IDURV
(QWUDGD VLQ OODYH D FRQWURO UHPRWR )XQFLRQDPLHQWR
VHUYLFLR D ORV IDURV GH
5.( GH OD WUDQVPLVLyQ
KDOyJHQROXFHV +,'
IXQFLRQDPLHQWR GHO OODYHUR )XQFLRQDPLHQWR GHO PRWRU
ËQGLFH
ËQGLFH
DSDJDGR *&: (O SHVR EUXWR FRPELQDGR LQGLFDGRU GH SUHVLyQ GH DLUH GHO HMH
FDOHIDFWRU GHO EORTXH GHO *XDQWHUD WUDVHUR
PRWRU *9:5 /D UHODFLyQ GHO SHVR EUXWR GHO ,QGLFDGRU GH SUHVLyQ GH DLUH GHO
FDOHQWDPLHQWR GHO PRWRU YHKtFXOR IUHQR
FRQWURO GH FUXFHUR ,QGLFDGRU GH SUHVLyQ GH UHVWULFFLyQ GHO
FRQWURO GHO YHQWLODGRU GHO , ¿OWUR GH DLUH
PRWRU ,GHQWL¿FDFLyQ GHO YHKtFXOR LQGLFDGRU GH UHVWULFFLyQ GHO GHSXUDGRU
IXQFLRQDPLHQWR D UDOHQWt GHO FyGLJR GH OD SODQWD GH GH DLUH
PRWRU HQVDPEOH ,QGLFDGRU GH WHPSHUDWXUD GH HVFDSH
IXQGDV GHO UDGLDGRU Q~PHUR GH FKDVLV WHPSHUDWXUD GHO JDV GH HVFDSH GHO
SDQWDOOD GH FRQWURO GHO PRWRU Q~PHUR GH 9,1 PRWRU SLUyPHWUR
SURFHGLPLHQWR GH DUUDQTXH FOLPD WDEOD GH GHVLJQDFLRQHV GHO DxR GHO ,QGLFDGRU GH WHPSHUDWXUD GH OD
IUtR PRGHOR WUDQVPLVLyQ
SURFHGLPLHQWR GH DUUDQTXH XELFDFLyQ GH ODV HWLTXHWDV GH ,QGLFDGRU GH WHPSHUDWXUD GHO DFHLWH GH
WHPSHUDWXUD QRUPDO HVSHFL¿FDFLRQHV H LQIRUPDFLyQ GHO ORV HMHV LPSXOVRUHV
VLVWHPD GH DSDJDGR GHO PRWRU YHKtFXOR ,QGLFDGRU GH WHPSHUDWXUD GHO PRWRU
)XQFLRQDPLHQWR VHJXUR GHO 8ELFDFLyQ GHO Q~PHUR GH 9,1 PRWRU VREUHFDOHQWDGR
YHKtFXOR XELFDFLRQHV GHO Q~PHUR GH ,QGLFDGRUHV
)XQGDV GHO UDGLDGRU FKDVLV DPSHUtPHWUR
)XVLEOHV LQWHUUXSWRUHV GH FLUFXLWRV \ ,QFOLQDFLyQ GHO FRIUH FRQWDGRU GH KRUDV GHO PRWRU
UHOHYDGRUHV VHJXUR GHO FRIUH OtTXLGR GH HVFDSH GH GLHVHO
,QGLFDGRU GH SUHVLyQ GH DLUH GH '()
EUDNHVDYHU QLYHO GHO WDQTXH GH
* FRPEXVWLEOH
*$:5 /D UHODFLyQ GHO SHVR EUXWR GHO ,QGLFDGRU GH SUHVLyQ GH DLUH GH ORV
HMHV LPSXOVRUHV RGyPHWUR
HMH
SLUyPHWUR GHO PRWRU
ËQGLFH
ËQGLFH
SUHVLyQ GH DFHLWH GHO PRWRU SUHVLyQ GHO GLVWULEXLGRU UHIXHU]R SUHVLyQ GH DLUH GH DSOLFDFLyQ GHO
SUHVLyQ GH DLUH GH DSOLFDFLyQ GH WXUER IUHQR GHO WUDFWRU
EUDNHVDYHU WDFyPHWUR ,QGLFDGRUHV GH DFHLWH
SUHVLyQ GH DLUH GH DSOLFDFLyQ GHO WHPSHUDWXUD GH DFHLWH GH OD FDMD GH SUHVLyQ GH DFHLWH GHO PRWRU
IUHQR GHO UHPROTXH WUDQVIHUHQFLD WHPSHUDWXUD GH DFHLWH GH OD FDMD GH
SUHVLyQ GH DLUH GH OD DSOLFDFLyQ GHO WHPSHUDWXUD GH DFHLWH GH OD WUDQVIHUHQFLD
IUHQR WUDQVPLVLyQ DX[LOLDU WHPSHUDWXUD GH DFHLWH GH OD
3UHVLyQ GH DLUH GH ORV HMHV WHPSHUDWXUD GH DFHLWH GH OD WUDQVPLVLyQ DX[LOLDU
LPSXOVRUHV WUDQVPLVLyQ SULQFLSDO WHPSHUDWXUD GH DFHLWH GH OD
SUHVLyQ GH DLUH GHO HMH WUDVHUR WHPSHUDWXUD GH DFHLWH GHO WUDQVPLVLyQ SULQFLSDO
SUHVLyQ GH DLUH GHO WDQTXH GH DLUH PRWRU WHPSHUDWXUD GH DFHLWH GHO
GHO UHPROTXH WHPSHUDWXUD GH DFHLWH GHO UHWDUGDGRU PRWRU
SUHVLyQ GH DLUH JHQHUDO 1 GH OD WUDQVPLVLyQ WHPSHUDWXUD GH DFHLWH GHO UHWDUGDGRU
SUHVLyQ GH DLUH JHQHUDO 1 WHPSHUDWXUD GH DFHLWH HQ GH OD WUDQVPLVLyQ
SUHVLyQ GH DLUH SULPDULD JHQHUDO WHPSHUDWXUD GH DFHLWH HQ
SUHVLyQ GH DLUH VHFXQGDULD WHPSHUDWXUD GH OD WUDQVPLVLyQ JHQHUDO
SUHVLyQ GH DLUH SULPDULD WHPSHUDWXUD GHO DFHLWH GH WHPSHUDWXUD GHO DFHLWH GH
SUHVLyQ GH DLUH VHFXQGDULD EUDNHVDYHU EUDNHVDYHU
SUHVLyQ GH UHVWULFFLyQ GHO ¿OWUR GH WHPSHUDWXUD GHO DFHLWH GH ORV HMHV WHPSHUDWXUD GHO DFHLWH GH ORV HMHV
DLUH LPSXOVRUHV LPSXOVRUHV
SUHVLyQ GH UHVWULFFLyQ GHO ¿OWUR GH WHPSHUDWXUD GHO UHIULJHUDQWH DJXD ,QGLFDGRUHV GH DLUH
FRPEXVWLEOH GHO PRWRU SUHVLyQ GH DLUH GH DSOLFDFLyQ GH
SUHVLyQ GHO DLUH GH FDUJD GH OD YHORFtPHWUR EUDNHVDYHU
VXVSHQVLyQ 1 YROWtPHWUR SUHVLyQ GH DLUH GH DSOLFDFLyQ GHO
SUHVLyQ GHO DLUH GH FDUJD GH OD ,QGLFDGRUHV IUHQR
VXVSHQVLyQ 1
ËQGLFH
ËQGLFH
SUHVLyQ GH DLUH GH ORV HMHV SUHVLyQ GH IUHQR GH DLUH SULPDULD \ WHPSHUDWXUD GHO DJXD UHIULJHUDQWH
LPSXOVRUHV VHFXQGDULD GHO WUDFWRU GHO PRWRU
SUHVLyQ GH DLUH GHO HMH WUDVHUR SUHVLyQ GH OD YiOYXOD PDQXDO GH ,QGLFDGRUHV GH WHPSHUDWXUD GH OD
SUHVLyQ GH DLUH JHQHUDO 1 \ 1 IUHQR GHO UHPROTXH R SHGDO GH WUDQVPLVLyQ DX[LOLDU
IUHQR WHPSHUDWXUD GH DFHLWH GH OD
SUHVLyQ GH IUHQR GH DLUH GHO SUHVLyQ GHO IUHQR GH DLUH GHO WUDQVPLVLyQ DX[LOLDU
WUDFWRU WUDFWRU ,QGLFDGRUHV GH WHPSHUDWXUD GH OD
SUHVLyQ GH IUHQR GH DLUH GHO WUDFWRU SUHVLyQ GHO WDQTXH GH DLUH GHO WUDQVPLVLyQ SULQFLSDO
SULPDULD \ VHFXQGDULD UHPROTXH WHPSHUDWXUD GH DFHLWH GH OD
SUHVLyQ GH UHVWULFFLyQ GHO ¿OWUR GH ,QGLFDGRUHV GH SUHVLyQ WUDQVPLVLyQ SULQFLSDO
DLUH SUHVLyQ GH DFHLWH GHO PRWRU ,QGLFDGRUHV HOpFWULFRV
SUHVLyQ GHO DLUH EROVDV GH DLUH SUHVLyQ GHO GLVWULEXLGRU UHIXHU]R DPSHUtPHWUR
GH VXVSHQVLyQ GH DLUH 1 \ 1 WXUER YROWtPHWUR
,QGLFDGRUHV GH WHPSHUDWXUD ,QIRUPDFLyQ GHO FRQVXPLGRU
SUHVLyQ GHO IUHQR GH DLUH GHO PRWRU VREUHFDOHQWDGR LQIRUPDFLyQ GH GHIHFWRV GH
UHPROTXH WHPSHUDWXUD GH DFHLWH GHO VHJXULGDG
SUHVLyQ GHO WDQTXH GH DLUH GHO PRWRU ,QVSHFFLRQHV GH FRQWURO GH UXLGR
UHPROTXH WHPSHUDWXUD GH DFHLWH GHO UHWDUGDGRU UHGXFFLyQ FDWDOtWLFD VHOHFWLYD
,QGLFDGRUHV GH FRPEXVWLEOH GH OD WUDQVPLVLyQ 6&5
SUHVLyQ GH UHVWULFFLyQ GHO ¿OWUR GH WHPSHUDWXUD GHO DFHLWH GH VLVWHPD GH DGPLVLyQ GH DLUH
FRPEXVWLEOH EUDNHVDYHU VLVWHPD GH HVFDSH
QLYHO GHO WDOTXH GH WHPSHUDWXUD GHO DFHLWH GH ORV HMHV WXER WUDVHUR GHO HVFDSH
FRPEXVWLEOH LPSXOVRUHV ,QVSHFFLRQHV GH ORV FRQWUROHV GH
,QGLFDGRUHV GH IUHQR WHPSHUDWXUD GHO JDV GH HVFDSH GHO UXLGR
SUHVLyQ GH DLUH GH DSOLFDFLyQ GH PRWRU SLUyPHWUR FREHUWRU
EUDNHVDYHU ,QGLFDGRUHV GH WHPSHUDWXUD
ËQGLFH
ËQGLFH
ËQGLFH
ËQGLFH
ËQGLFH
ËQGLFH
ËQGLFH
ËQGLFH
ËQGLFH
ËQGLFH
ËQGLFH
ËQGLFH
ËQGLFH
ËQGLFH
ËQGLFH
ËQGLFH
ËQGLFH
ËQGLFH
OtTXLGR GH HVFDSH GH GLHVHO WHPSHUDWXUD GHO DFHLWH GHO DJXD HQ FRPEXVWLEOH :,)
'() PRWRU UHWHQFLyQ HQ EDMDGD
QLYHO GH FRPEXVWLEOH SULPDULR \ WHPSHUDWXUD GHO DFHLWH HQ 6tPERORV GH ORV LQGLFDGRUHV
VHFXQGDULR JHQHUDO WDEOD GH VtPERORV
SUHVLyQ GH DLUH GH DSOLFDFLyQ GHO WHPSHUDWXUD GHO UHIULJHUDQWH GHO 6tPERORV GH ORV LQGLFDGRUHV \ OXFHV GH
IUHQR PRWRU DGYHUWHQFLD
SUHVLyQ GH DLUH GH DSOLFDFLyQ GHO YROWtPHWUR LFRQR GH FRQWURO FUXFHUR
IUHQR GHO UHPROTXH 6tPERORV GH LQGLFDGRUHV DFWLYDGR
SUHVLyQ GH DLUH GHO HMH WUDVHUR SUHVLyQ GH DLUH SULPDULD \ 6tPERORV GH ORV LQGLFDGRUHVOXFHV GH
SUHVLyQ GH DLUH GHO WDQTXH GH DLUH VHFXQGDULD DGYHUWHQFLD
GHO UHPROTXH SUHVLyQ GH UHIXHU]R GHO FLQWXUyQ GH VHJXULGDG
SUHVLyQ GH DLUH JHQHUDO 1 \ 1 GLVWULEXLGRU DEURFKDU
SUHVLyQ GH UHVWULFFLyQ GHO ¿OWUR GH FRQWURO GH WUDFFLyQ HMH
SUHVLyQ GH DSOLFDFLyQ GH IUHQR GH FRPEXVWLEOH IUHQR GH HVWDFLRQDPLHQWR
DLUH GH EUDNHVDYHU WHPSHUDWXUD GHO DFHLWH GH OD IUHQR GHVJDVWDGR
SUHVLyQ GH UHVWULFFLyQ GHO ¿OWUR GH WUDQVPLVLyQ SULQFLSDO LQGLFDGRU GH DODUPD
DLUH 6tPERORV GH LQGLFDGRUHVOXFHV GH HQFHQGLGD
SUHVLyQ GHO DFHLWH GHO PRWRU DGYHUWHQFLD OXFHV DOWDV
WHPSHUDWXUD GH HVFDSH GHO PRWRU ¿OWUR SDUD SDUWtFXODV GH GLHVHO PHQVDMH HQ HVSHUD
SLUyPHWUR '3) PRGR GH OD ERPED
WHPSHUDWXUD GHO DFHLWH GH VLVWHPD GH IUHQRV DQWLEORTXHR PRWRU DUUDQTXH FRQ pWHU
EUDNHVDYHU $%6 PRWRU FDOHIDFWRU
WHPSHUDWXUD GHO DFHLWH GH OD FDMD GH VLVWHPD GH IUHQRV DQWLEORTXHR PRWRU GHWHQHU HO PRWRU
WUDQVIHUHQFLD $%6 UHPROTXH PRWRU HVSHUH SDUD DUUDQFDU
WHPSHUDWXUD GHO DFHLWH GH ORV HMHV 6tPERORV GH LQGLFDGRUHVOX] GH PRWRU QLYHO EDMR GHO
LPSXOVRUHV DGYHUWHQFLD UHIULJHUDQWH
ËQGLFH
ËQGLFH
ËQGLFH
ËQGLFH
ËQGLFH
ËQGLFH
IXQFLRQDPLHQWR
LQWHUYDORV GH VHUYLFLR
WUDQVPLVLyQ DX[LOLDU
WUDQVPLVLRQHV DXWRPiWLFDV
QLYHO GH DFHLWH
7XUER FDUJDGRU
9
YiOYXOD GH VXPLQLVWUR GH DLUH GHO
YHKtFXORUHPROTXH
YiOYXOD PDQXDO GHO IUHQR GH
HVWDFLRQDPLHQWR
9iOYXODV GH DSULHWH GH ODV DEUD]DGHUDV
GH ODV PDQJXHUDV \ WXERV
9iOYXODV GH FRUWH GH FRPEXVWLEOH
9HKtFXORV TXH DUUDQFDQ FRQ OD
FRQH[LyQ GH SXHQWH
9ROWtPHWUR
ËQGLFH