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APPENDIX C
CAPIZ STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Education
UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAM
Main Campus, Roxas City

Tel. No. (036) 6214 578 local 118 or (036) 6211-905

AACUP Accredited: Level 1

Thesis Title: Carousel Brainstorming and Students’ Classroom

Assertiveness

LESSON PLAN
Date: January 05, 2016

I. Objectives:
At the end of the lesson 85% of the students should
be able to:
1. differentiate the kinds of genes inherited
diseases cause by chromosomal mutations.
2. compare the translocation, deletion, and
inversion mechanism in genetic mutation.
3. develop awareness on the role of generic
engineering in medical world.

II. Subject Matter:

A. Topic: MUTATION: Changes in the Genetic Code
1. Concepts/ Science Ideas: A mutation is a change in
the base sequence of DNA. Mutations may affect only one
gene, or they may affect whole chromosomes. Mutations in
eggs or sperm affect future generations by transmitting
these changes to their off springs. Mutations in body
cells affect only the individual and are not passed on to
the offspring. When DNA from two different species is
joined together, it is called recombinant DNA. This
process uses restriction enzymes to cleave one organism’s
DNA into fragments and other enzymes to splice the DNA
fragment into a plasmid or viral DNA.
Genetic Engineering is the understanding the gene has
led to the remarkable development of methods for changing
a cell’s DNA. A modern biotechnology called genetic
engineering produces transgenic or GM crops of organisms.
Scientists have developed methods to move genes from one
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species into another. Transgenic organisms are able to

manufacture genetic products foreign to them using
recombinant DNA. Genetic engineering has already been
applied to bacteria, plants, and animals. These organisms
are engineered to be of use to humans.

1. Process Skills: differentiating and comparing

2. Value Focus: developing awareness on the role of

generic engineering in medical world.

B. Materials: textbooks, powerpoint presentation,

cartolina, and fountain pen

C. References:
 Science Learner’s Material: Unit 3
 New Biology Science 2: Dynamic World of Life
 Science and Technology 2 E-Biology: The Next Generation
by Santos, et.al.

III. Procedure (Lesson Development):

Teacher Activity Students Activity
1. PREPARATION:
A. Daily Routines
 Cleaning the classroom
 Prayer
 Checking of Attendance
 Review:

What are the types of RNA?  The types of RNA are

messenger RNA, transfer
RNA, ribosomal RNA, and
small nuclear RNA.
What is translation?  Translation is the
process of converting the
information in messenger
RNA into a sequence of
amino acids that make a
protein.
What is transcription?  Transcription is the
sequence of nucleotides in
DNA directs the order of
nucleotides in messenger
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RNA.
 90% of the students in
the class could still
remember their past lesson
during their Grade 9 level.
 The students are ready
to listen on the activity
that they are going to do.
 Motivation:
Introducing the
intervention which is the
“Carousel Brainstorming”
strategy and giving of the
prepared answering materials.

Teaching Procedures:
 The students are divided
into 5 groups. Each group are
assigned to every station with
a particular topic.

 Students are rotating

around the classroom in
groups, stopping at the
various stations for a
designated amount of time of
1-2 minutes.

 Students are recalling

their prior knowledge of
different topics or different  The students are
aspects of a single topic starting to count and are
through conversation with sitting together with their
peers. group mates.

 The students are

actively participate in the
 After they are done activity by sharing their
answering completely the five ideas.
stations, they are ready to
post in the board.

 They are sharing their  Each students are

ideas and are posted at each thinking the answers of the
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station for all groups to topic given beforehand.

read. They are recalling their
prior knowledge. Finally,
2. PRESENTATION/LECTURE: they are jotting down their
Gene mutation is a permanent answers to cartolina.
change in the DNA sequence that
makes up a gene. Chromosomal  The students are going
mutation occurs at the to read their works and the
chromosome level resulting in works of other group.
gene deletion, duplication or
rearrangement that may occur
during the cell cycle and  They are having their
meiosis. It may because by general reflection of what
parts of chromosomes breaking they have learned about the
off or rejoining incorrectly. activity.
Abnormalities in
chromosomal structure may occur
during meiosis. The normal  They are listening
process of crossing-over and attentively during the
recombination may be affected, class discussion.
such that chromosomes break and
reunite the wrong segments.

If there is a loss or gain of

chromosomal material, there can
be significant clinical
consequences. The effects of
structural changes depend on
their size and location, and  The students are
whether any genetic material is scanning their references.
gained or lost. Some changes
cause medical problems, while
others may have no effect on a
person’s health. The gain or
loss of chromosome material can
lead to a variety of genetic
disorders which are Cri du
 The students are
chat, Down’s syndrome, Edward’s
sharing their ideas about
syndrome, Jacobsen syndrome,
how abnormalities occur in
Klinefelter’s syndrome (XXY),
their human body.
and Turner’s syndrome (X
instead of XX or XY).
Understanding the gene has
led to the remarkable
development of methods for
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changing a cell’s DNA. A modern

biotechnology called genetic
engineering produces transgenic
or GM crops of organisms.
Scientists have developed
methods to move genes from one
species into another. When DNA
from two different species is
joined together, it is called
recombinant DNA. This process  Students are
uses restriction enzymes to concentrating attentively
cleave one organism’s DNA into during the discussion.
fragments and other enzymes to
splice the DNA fragment into a
plasmid or viral DNA.
Transgenic organisms are able
to manufacture genetic products
foreign to them using
recombinant DNA.

Genetic engineering has already

been applied to bacteria,
plants, and animals. These
organisms are engineered to be
of use to humans.

3. GENERALIZATION:
Questions that focuses in
the concept learned by the
students:

What is mutation, deletion,

inversion, and translocation?
 Students are surprised
knowing the effects of
abnormalities of number of
chromosomes in human bod

 Mutation is the change

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in the base sequence of

DNA. Mutations may affect
only one gene, or they may
affect whole chromosomes.
While, deletion is the loss
of a segment within one
chromosome arm and the
juxtaposition of the two
segments on either side of
4. APPLICATION: the deleted segment.
Inversion is a
What are the effects and rearrangement in which an
sources of mutation? internal segment of
a chromosome has been
broken twice, flipped 180
degrees, and rejoined.
Translocation is a
rearrangement in which
acentric fragments of two
non-homologous chromosomes
trade places.

 Changes in the protein

structure or level of
expression may lead to
changes in cellular
properties and behavior, as
a result, the organism is
affected. Changes in the
genes can occur for a
variety of reasons.
Mutation may be induced by
factors called mutagens.
Mutagens are commonly in
the form of toxic
chemicals, and harmful
radiation. Sometimes,
mistakes occur in DNA
replication, mitosis, and
meiosis. All of these can
alter the DNA sequence and
length. Mutations can occur
in two different types of
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cells: reproductive cells

and body cells. Only
mutations in sex cells pass
on to offspring. Mutations
affect the reproductive
cells of an organism by
changing the sequence of
nucleotides within a gene
in a sperm or an egg cell.
There are two types of
mutations that can occur in
gamete cells: Gene mutation
is a permanent change in
the DNA sequence that makes
5. EVALUATION: up a gene and Chromosomal
1.It is a change in the base mutation occurs at the
sequence of DNA. Mutations may chromosome level resulting
affect only one gene, or they in gene deletion,
may affect whole chromosomes. duplication or
2.The loss of a segment rearrangement that may
within one chromosome arm and occur during the cell cycle
the juxtaposition of the two and meiosis. It may because
segments on either side of the by parts of chromosomes
deleted segment. breaking off or rejoining
3.It is a rearrangement in incorrectly.
which an internal segment of
a chromosome has been broken
Answers:
twice, flipped 180 degrees, and
1) mutation
rejoined.
4.A rearrangement in which
acentric fragments of two non-
homologous chromosomes trade
2) deletion
places.
5.It is caused by the
deletion of part of the short
arm of chromosome and affected
individuals have wide-set eyes, 3) inversion
a small head and jaw, are
moderately to severely mentally
retarded, and very short.
6.They are commonly in the
form of toxic chemicals, and 4) translocation
harmful radiation. Sometimes,
mistakes occur in DNA
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replication, mitosis, and

meiosis. 5) cri du chat
7.It is also called terminal
11q deletion disorder. This is
a very rare disorder. Those
affected have normal
intelligence or mild mental
retardation, with poor or
excessive language skills.
8.It is usually caused by an 6) mutagens
extra copy of chromosome
21(trisomy 21 and the
characteristics include
decreased muscle tone, stockier
build, asymmetrical skull,
7) jacobsen syndrome
slanting eyes and mild to
moderate mental retardation.
9.An image of the full set
of chromosomes of an individual
that displays the normal
number, size, and shape.
10. It is the second most
common trisomy after Down’s
syndrome is a trisomy of 8) down’s syndrome
chromosome 18 and symptoms
include mental and motor
retardation and numerous
congenital anomalies causing
serious health problems.

6. ASSIGNMENT:
1.What is adaptation? 9) karyotype
2.What is evolution?
3.What is an analogous
structure?
4.What is convergent 10) Edward’s syndrome
evolution?
5.What is divergent
evolution?

References:
 Science Learner’s
Material: Unit 3
 New Biology Science 2:
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Dynamic World of Life

 Science and Technology 2
E-Biology: The Next
Generation by Santos,
et.al.

INSTRUCTIONAL DECISION: Proceed

Prepared by:

Rodjhen Anne P. Barquilla

Jenimal G. Tranquillero

Hannah Jane D. Villa

Researchers

Approved by:

Mary Grace B. Galagate, MAT Ma. Consuelo Y. Yap, EdD

Member Member

Maria Sheila D. Simon, EdD

Research Adviser

Approved by:

MA. LIDA A. SOLANO, PhD

Dean, College of Education