A

Project Report
on

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF PEDAL POWERED

FLOUR MILL MACHINE
Submitted for partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree
of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Submitted By

ASHWANI (1752540032)
GANESH PASWAN (1752540046)
PRADEEP KUMAR (1752540065)
ATUL KUMAR (1752540033)
DEEPAK BHARTI (1752540048)

Project Guide

Mr. ANKIT TRIPATHI (Assistant Professor)

DR. A.P.J. ABDUL KALAM TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW,

UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA

1
 JUNE, 2021

CERTIFICATE

It is certified that Ashwani, Ganesh Paswan, Pradeep Kumar, Atul Kumar,

Deepak Bharti has carried out the research work presented in the project
entitled “Design And Fabrication Of Pedal Powerd Flour Mil Machine” for
the award of Bachelor of Technology from Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical
University, Lucknow under my supervision. The project embodies the result of
original work and studies carried out by the student himself and the contents of
the project do not form the basis for the award of any other degree to the
candidate or anybody else.

Date:
Place:

Mr. Ankit Tripathi Mr. Sharique Hayat

(Assistant Professor) (Head of Department)

2
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I would like to place on record my deep sense of gratitude to Mr. Ankit

Tripathi, assistant professor Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Buddha Institute
of Technology, Gorakhpur, Pradesh, for generous guidance, help and useful
suggestions.

I express my sincere gratitude to Prof. Ankit Tripathi, Dept. of Mechanical

Engineering, Buddha Institute of Technology, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, for his
stimulating guidance, continuous encouragement, and supervision throughout
the course of present work.

I am extremely thankful To Dr. R.A. Agrawal, Director, Buddha Institute of

Technology, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, for providing me infrastructural
facilities to work in, without which this work would not have been possible.

SIGNATURE:
NAME OF STUDENTS:

ASHWANI (1752540032)
GANESH PASWAN (1752540046)
PRADEEP KUMAR (1852540909)
ATUL KUMAR (1752540033)
DEEPAK BHARTI (1752540048)

3
 DECLARATION

We hereby declare that this thesis is our own work and effort.
throughout this documentation wherever contributions of others are
involved, every endeavour was made to acknowledge this clearly with
due reference to literature. this work is being submitted for meeting
the partial fulfilment for the degree of Bachelor of Technology in
Mechanical Engineering at Buddha Institute of Technology,
Gorakhpur for the academic session 2020-2021.

NAME OF STUDENTS: SIGNATURE:

ASHWANI (1752540032)
GANESH PASWAN (1752540046)
PRADEEP KUMAR (1752540058)
ATUL KUMAR (1752540033)
DEEPAK BHARTI (1752540048)

4
 ABSTRACT
The socio-economic conditions of peoples living in villages of developing countries including India,
human muscle power can be good alternative to fulfill the energy requirements for performing many
activities like flour milling. Pedaling is the most efficient way of utilizing power from human muscles.
Keeping these things in mind a pedal operated flour mill is developed. The machine consists of a
chain drive and belt drive that turns rotates conventional stone wheels, where the poured wheat
gets crushed to produce flour. The machine is economically viable, can be used by common people,
save time otherwise spent in traditional hand cranking of stone wheels and can be adopted for
human-powered process units which could have intermittent operation without affecting the end-
product. [Prasad A. Hatwalne, Sushil T. Ambadkar, R.V. Paropate, Vivek R. Gandhewar, A.M.
Wankhade. Design and development of Pedal operated flour mill.

Keywords: Flour Mill, Chain Drive, Pedal Operated.

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 CONTENTS
CHAPTER I

HISTORICAL Page
1
....................................

I. Early developments ............................... 1

II. Origin of principles .................... ........ 1

MECHANICAL REFRIGERATING SYSTEMS ................... 3

III. Cold air system ................ 3

IV. Vacuum system ..................................

4

V. Absorption system ................. 5

VI. Compression system ............................. 5

(a) Principle ......................... 5

(b) Fundamental parts ........................ 6

(c) Sulphuric ether .................. ........ .6

(d) Carbonic acid ...................... 6

(e) Sulphurous acid ............. 7

(f) Ammonia ........... 7

(g) Wet and dry ....... .................,*.... 7

FREEZING SYSTEMS .........................................

9

VII. Plate system ................ 9

..
....................................

VIII. Can system 9

..........................

ICE STORAGE COOLING 10

IX. Direct expansion 11

X. Indirect expansion ................... 11

..............................................
DEFINITIONS 12

XI. Refrigeration .............................

12

C H A P T E R I
6
 INTRODUCTION

Wheat and wheat flours are the integral of daily diet of Indian population. The wheat kernels are

processed in chakki (flour mill) to produce wheat flour is which is then used to make breads, biscuits,

pastas etc. In India chapatti and other variants of wheat forms the staple food of majority of

population. In manual process the flour is produced by hand cranking the conventional stone wheels.

But this method is characterized by slow operation, low production rate. Further this hand cranking

process is physically demanding through energy and postural requirements. It may also leads to

clinical and anatomical disorders which may affect operator’s health. In order to make it possible to

operate the system effectively and efficiently it is necessary to develop this system by giving due

respect to human limitation. Hence ergonomic system of pedal operated flour mill is developed. The

ergonomic consideration mainly includes the selection of components of system which suits the

human capability and develops the posture to operate system to reduce the fatigue and chances of

musceletole disorders.

Construction And Working

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In construction the pedal operated flour mill basically consists of two units namely the drive unit and

processing unit. The drive unit mainly concerns with transmission of human power to processing unit.

This transmission of human power to processing unit is accomplished in two stages. In first stage the

operator uses his feet and legs to rotate pedal around the crank axel. The pedals in turn are fixed to

chain ring (sprocket) with the teeth’s that engages continuous chain. The chain then transmits the

pedaling action to cog on the front wheel causing the front sprocket to rotate and then drive shaft on

which pulley is mounted. In second stage this power from shaft and pulley is transmitted to

processing unit through belt drive. The processing unit essentially consists of stone wheels, hopper,

and hemispherical collector. The stone wheels are operated by power from the belt drive where the

wheat kernels which are fed into hopper are crushed and powered wheat flour is collected in

hemispherical collector.

C H A P T E R II

Making this design ergonomically viable mainly concerns with

developing the posture to provide best possible comfortable posture

8
to operator during its working so as to get maximum throughput. This
can be achieved by selecting and arranging the components of system
that best suits to human capabilities. Since the thigh or quadriceps
is largest and most powerful muscles in human body with the body in
seat and legs can produce pedal work [1]. The person can generate
four times more power (1/4 horsepower (hp)) by pedaling than by hand
cranking. At the rate of 1/4 hp, continuous pedaling can be done for
only short time, about 10 minutes. However pedaling at half of this
power (1/8 hp)can be sustained for around 60 minutes Maximum power
produced with legs is generally limited by adoptions within the
oxygen transportation system. On the other hand the capacity for arm
exercise is dependent upon the amounts of muscle mass engaged and
that is why a person can generate more power by pedaling than hand
cranking [2]. Pedal power enables a person to drive device at same
rate as achieved by hand. Thus it makes sense to utilize this human
muscle for generating as much as energy from human body. In order to
provide the ergonomically comfortable system it is necessary to
locate the various elements of system so that a person can operate
the system with less effort and hence the fatigue. As the thigh is
being utilized to generate the power continuously it was decided to
develop a posture which is similar to cycling posture. And
subsequently the ergonomic design mainly concerned with the saddle
(seat) position, handle position. Saddle position includes the
height of saddle, distance between saddle and pedal crank center,
seat tube angle. Whereas handle Thus by using cosine rule we can obtained the
distance

between shoulder and wrist with elbow angle 150°

Cos A = (b²+C²-a²)/2bc

Cos 150° = (21.2²+24.22²-a²)/2*21*24.2

Therefore a = 43.8cm.

That is saddle to handle distance = 45cm

As the shoulder angle should be around 20° to reduce the fatigue

as stated earlier.The handle height needs to be calculated. This can be found out by graphical
method.

9
Figure: 1

Thus we have following dimensions.Saddle to handle distance = 45cm Handle width = 58cm i.e.
equal to shoulder width Handle grip length = 15cm. Geometry of the structure according to
dimensions we obtained

is as follows

10
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