Module 4: Lecture Notes ALBERT BANDURA (SELF AS PROACTIVE &

AGENTIC)
WILLIAM JAMES (CONCEPT OF SELF)
- Humans have the ability to act and
- Divide self into two-categories:
make things happen
 I-Self – self that knows who
- Efficacy beliefs – are the foundation of
he/she is and what he/she has
human agency
done in his life
- Self-efficacy – refers to the individual’s
 Me-Self – empirical self;
belief that he/she is capable to
describing the person’s
perform a task
experience divided into sub-
- Bobo doll experiment – children are
categories
able to learn through the observation
o Material Self – things
of adult behaviour
belong to a person
o Social Self – whom/how CARL JUNG (SELF AS THE CENTRAL
a person acts on social ARCHETYPE)
situations
- The psyche continues to develop
o Spiritual Self – the most
throughout life and became definite
intimate and important
from during adolescence
part of the self; achieve
- Structure of personality – complex
through self-
network of interacting systems that
introspection
strive toward harmony
CARL ROGER (SELF THEORY: REAL & IDEAL - 4 major archetypes:
SELF)  Persona
 Shadow
- Self-concept – image of oneself
 Animus/anima
- Two components of self-concept:
 Self
 Real Self – consists of all the
ideas, including awareness of SIGMUND FREUD (CONSTRUCTION OF SELF &
“what I am” & “what I can PERSONALITY)
do”
- PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES OF
 Ideal Self – person’s
DEVELOPMENT:
conception of what one
1. ORAL STAGE (0-1 y/o)
should be or wanted to be
- Interaction through mouth
- Closer (congruent) – ideal self is to the
2. ANAL STAGE (1-3 y/o)
real self (happy & fulfilled)
- Toilet Training
- Farther (incongruent) – ideal self is to
- Anal retentive – overly obssed w/
the real self (unhappy & dissatisfied)
orderliness & tidiness
MULTIPLE vs UNIFIED SELF - Anal expulsive – very messy,
disorganized & lack self-control
- construction of multiple selves
3. PHALLIC STAGE (3-6 y/o)
TRUE SELF vs FALSE SELF - Sensitivity now becomes
concentrated in genitals and
- Function of the false self is to hide and
protect the true self. (Winnicott)
 masturbation becomes a new
source of pleasure
- Oedipus Complex – boy
competing w/ his father for
possession of his mother
- Electra Complex – girls feel desire
for their fathers and jealousy of
their mothers
4. LATENCY STAGE (6-Puberty)
- Concerned in making
interpersonal relationships
5. GENITAL STAGE (Puberty-Death)
- Libido become active once again
- Romantic relationship

ERIK ERIKSON

- Identity development
- Psychosocial stages of development:
1. Infancy (birth-18 mos)
- Trust vs. Mistrust
- Virtue: Hope
2. Toddler (18 mos-3 y/o)
- Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt
- Virtue: Will
3. Pre-Schooler (3-6 y/o)
- Initiative vs. Guilt
- Virtue: Purpose
4. School Ager (6-12 y/o)
- Industry vs. Inferiority
- Virtue: Competence
5. Adolescent (12-18 y/o)
- Identity vs. Role Confusion
- Virtue: Fidelity
6. Young Adulthood (19-40 y/o)
- Intimacy vs. Isolation
- Virtue: Love
7. Middle Age/Adulthood
- Generativity vs. Stagnation
- Virtue: Care
8. Older Adulthood/ Late Adulthood
- Ego integrity vs. Despair
- Virtue: Wisdom