Best Practice of GEOTECHNICAL

Aspect in Open Pit Mine Operation

Webinar - DUNIA TAMBANG

April 29th, 2021

Presented by;
Yan Adriansyah
Masyarakat Geologi Teknik INDONESIA (MGTI)
 Summary of Presenter
Name : YAN ADRIANSYAH
Education : Doctoral Degree
(Engineering Geology – Padjadjaran
UNIVERSITY)

WORK EXPERIENCES:
1997 – 2001 Worked with various geotechnical consultant (well site
geotech drilling), coal exploration, and civil-geotech project.
2001 – 2002 PT Kaltim Prima Coal (Geotech. Engineer)
2002 – 2006 PT Adaro Indonesia (Section Head Geotech. Section)
2006 – 2011 PT Arutmin Indonesia (Supt. Geotech. & Hydrogeological)
2011 – 2016 PT Newmont Nusa Tenggara (Supt. Geotech &
Hydrogeological
2016 – 2017 PT Amman Mineral Nusa Tenggara (Supt. Geotechnical &
Hydrogeological)
2018 – Now PT Berau Coal (Manager Geotechnical & Hydrology)

Professional ORGANIZATION:
IAGI, PERHAPI, ISRM, PII & MGTI
2010 – 2012 Chairman of IAGI Pengda Kalimantan
2018 – 2021 Committee of MGTI – Head of Professional Development
2021 – 2023 General Secretary of MGTI
 OUTLINE
Of the Presentation:

 Geotechnical Philosophy in
Open Pit Mine Operation
 Objective of Mine Geotechnical
 Geotech Data Acquisition
 Geotech Analysis
 Monitoring Program
 Conclusion
 GEOTECH Philosophy
Key Notes.....of Pit Design Philosophy

Design lereng tambang akan berdampak

signifikan terhadap keekonomian suatu
project (mine operation).
Design lereng tambang dibuat setegak
mungkin (~optimum~) dengan tetap
memastikan keselamatan orang/pekerja,
peralatan tambang dan produksi pada
tingkat level risiko yang dapat diterima.
Batu Hijau Mine – Phase-6 Development
Courtesy : Yan Adriansyah (2016)

The pit slope design philosophy at

........... is to be MANAGE instead of
AVOID pit wall FAILURE......
 GEOTECH Philosophy
Acceptance level PoF (Kepmen ESDM1827.K/2018)

Acceptance FoS (Price & Brown, 1982 dalam Stacey & Read, 2009)
 OBJECTIVE Of Geotech
Objective atau Goal dalam setiap perancangan design
geoteknik (pit slope design), adalah:

o Memindahkan (~menambang~) material

ekonomis (coal/ore) se-maksimal mungkin.

o Memindahkan (~menambang~) material non-

ekonomis (waste dump) se-minimal mungkin.

Dengan membentuk desain lereng setegak mungkin

(steepest angle).

TETAPI..............

Proses pembentukan desain

dan/atau kegiatan operasional di
bawah kaki lereng dapat dilakukan
dengan AMAN.
 DATA Acquisition
Data Acquisition in Geotech Analysis Process

Modifikasi dari
Stacey & Read, 2009

Modifikasi dari Stacey

& Martin, 2018

0.03

1.306
30
20
10
0
-10 1
W 33
-20
-30
-40
50 -50
-60
Kennedy, 1990 600 650 700 750
 DATA Acquisition
How the data lead the
Bore Hole Nos. GT-1 Geotech analysis
Pit Design (High Wall & Low Wall)

Potential
LW-Overall
Slope
FAILURE

Critical
Loose sand or Aspect 1.050
unconsolidated material
 DATA Acquisition
Phase-X
Vertical Distribution Development

Notes:
o Memenuhi kebutuhan analisis
geoteknik hingga final pit floor
/ultimate pit floor (LoM).
First cut or Phase-1
o Uji laboratorium batuan intact
mewakili interval kedalaman
Assume Final Pit or
dan/atau variasi lithologi. Ultimate PitFloor

o Identifikasi bidang-bidang
diskontinuitas (Ore Mine :
fold/fault/joint, bedding
contact, shear zone; Coal Mine
: soft layer/XM, bedding
shear).

Vaccaro, 2014
 DATA Acquisition
Lateral Distribution
Bor-06
Bor-03

Bor-07
Bor-05
Bor-02

Bor-01
Bor-04

Top View; drone photo;

NtS
 GEOTECH Analysis
INDIVIDUAL SLOPE:
o Joint/minor fault orientation & dipping
o Use residual strength from laboratory test result to define
the stability of slope geometry.
o Wide catch berm/bench was considered to height of slope.
o Type of circular of failure is quite common to use in this
analysis.
o The PoF was assumed in between 15 – 20 %.

INTER-RAMP SLOPE:
o Joint/minor/intermediate fault orientation & dipping
o Use peak strength from laboratory test result to define the
stability of slope geometry.
o Type of slope failure was assumed depend on lithology and
geological structure.
o The PoF was assumed around 5%.

OVERALL SLOPE:
o Joint/minor/intermediate /major fault orientation &
dipping
o Use peak strength from laboratory test result to define the
stability of slope geometry.
o Type of slope failure was assumed depend on litology and
geological structure.
o The PoF was assumed in between 3 % - 5 % or less than 3%.
 GEOTECHNICAL Analysis
Lesson learn from Current Practice – Coal Optimization Project at
the toe of Undisturbed Area/IPD

Site Control & Improvement:

1. Defining soft layer (mud material) from
previous mining activity) by SPT Drilling.
2. Blast control to reduce the ground
vibration impact into the wall pillar.
Concern
3. Perform slope movement monitoring by
Area
real-time to capture any instabilities.
4. Perform vibration monitoring during
blasting activity.
5. Keep the FoS at the marginal stability 1.188 0.03

status.
260.00
260.00kN/m2
kN/m2

W 81.00
81.00kN/m2
kN/m2 100

75 75

50 50

25 25

0
1 0

-25 -25 4

W
-50 -50

-75 -75

-100 -100

-125 -125

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300
 MONITORING Program
Objective of pit slope movement monitoring
program (Stacey & Read, 2006)

 Maintaining safe operating

condition to protect people and
equipment.
 Early warning system; providing
advance notice of instabilities zone
 Providing any information for
analysing any slope instabilities
mechanism.

 Assessing the performance of

implemented design.
 MONITORING Program
Key points dalam implementasi program
pemantauan lereng tambang:

1. OBSERVATION; mostly dilakukan oleh

engineer/supervisor.
2. TOOLS; real-time atau manual instrument
3. TIME; periode pemantauan
4. DEFORMATION; object yang mengalami
perubahan.
5. THRESHOLD; based on pit slope behavior
each site
 MONITORING Program
Pendekatan (approaches) dalam
monitoring stabilitas lereng (Sharon,
2020).
Requirement:
o Memastikan keselamatan pekerja.
o Penilaian stabilitas sejalan dengan pencapaian
design lereng tambang.

Pendekatan:

o TACTICAL Monitoring
(Bench & Inter-ramp Scale)
o STRATEGIC Monitoring
(Inter-ramp & Overall Scale).
 MONITORING Program
Implement Pit Slope Monitoring Program at
Coal Mine (Inpit Dumping)

Deformation of Slope; progress

dumping/mining

Graph of Inverse
Velocity
Conclusion
Geotechnical aspects in INDONESIA is very unique due to complex geological structure,
young rock formation (mostly from Eo-Mio to Mio-Plio), excessive rain fall (tropical of
tropical country), and close to the tectonic active plate/zone.

Geotechnical uncertainty due to limitation of data (interval and depth), internal (rock
mass, structure, GWL, etc.) & external (mine operation, blasting, etc.) factor that
possible to initiate the pit wall failure.

Mine geotechnical aspect is quite increase significantly over the last 2 decades period,
particularly in Mining Operation. The main causes as follows:
o Increasing accident that caused by pit wall instability.
o Pit going to deep and width, increasing of risk and slope deterioration .
o Comply to government regulation.
o Design change; pit optimization, fluctuation of coal/ore price, change the
ownership, etc.

Applying high-technology is a must to support mine operation; develop the mine

operation more effective, efficient and safe.
 Terima Kasih.....
YAN ADRIANSYAH