UNIT 37

LESSON ONE

VOCABULARY

Auction Subasta Thrilled Emocionado

Battery Pila, batería Tooth Diente
Convice Convencer Manufacturer Fabricante, productor
Enthusiastic Entusiasta memory Memoria
Error Error Mustn’t
Frustranting Frustante Needn’t
Irritate Irritar Permanent Permanente
Production Producción Photographer Fotógrafo
Recurring Recurrente Pleased Contento, feliz,
satisfecho
Remove Quitar algo Tripod Trípode
Setting Escenario, marco Victim Victima
surgery Cirugía, operación wrap envolver

COMMUNICATION

REQUESTING, GIVING AND REFUSING

PERMISSION:

Do you mind if I ask you some questions? Sure

Is that okay? Go ahead
Do you mind if we start in a few minutes? No problem
Sorry, but I can’t stay that long Is it okay to come back later?
Is it okay to start the interview now?

STARTING AND CLOSING A CASUAL

CONVERSATION

After to say Hello Before to say goodbye

Hey there! I’ve got to go now
How’s it going? Thanks for your help
How are things with you? I’d better be off
What’s new? Bye!
GRAMMAR

NECESSITY, OBLIGATION, LACK OF OBLIGATION AND PROHIBITION

We use need (to), have to, must, should, can to show if something is necessary or possible to do

 I need to go on a diet (it’s necessary)

 Peter doesn’t need to work hard now (It isn’t necessary)
 You must study hard if you want to pass your exams (it’s necessary, but it’s a personal
obligation)
 You musn’t touch the paintings in the gallery (It’s not allowed, it’s forbidden)
 You have to wear a seatbelt in a car (it’s necessary, but it’s not a personal obligation. It’s
the law or the custom of the country)
 You don’t have to help me if you don’t want to (it isn’t necessary)
 You should see a doctor (it’s a good idea in general or good advice in a specific situation)
 You shouldn’t touch the artwork (it’s not a good idea)

We use can/can’t when we talk about permission in rules and laws:

 In the US you can turn right at a red light

 You can’t ride a motorcycle without a helmet

WILL / MIGHT

Use will/ will not / won’t to show you are certain about something

Use might / might not if you are not certain

Present

He’ll be in New York now (certain)

He might be in New York now (not certain)

She won’t pick up the phone. She’s in a meeting now (certain)

She might not pick up the phone. She’s in a meeting now (not certain)

Future

It will be amazing (certain)

It might be amazing (not certain)

It won’t be easy to move to Canada (certain)

It might not be easy to move to Canada (not certain)

LESSON TWO

VOCABULARY

Agreement Forever
Aloha Free
Beyond Get together
Call back Hug
Construction Improvise
File North
Paramedic Shelf
Passenger Sneaky
Patent Split
Perform Therapist
Produce Twice
Remain worth

COMMUNICATION

TAKING TURNS IN CONVERSATION

What do you think? Can I say something?

Can I make a suggestion? Of course!
Does that sound good? That sounds great
Does everyone agree on that?

SOCIAL ARRANGEMENTS

I’m calling to ask if you’re free to shop for the Can we get together and buy ingredients?
event tonight
How about you meet me at the market at 4 Let’s make it 4:30
p.m.?
We made plans for today Let’s say 4.30 at the produce market

GRAMMAR

EXPRESSING FREQUENCY

We use once, twice, three times to show how often something is done

- One time  Once

- Two times  Twice
- Three times
- Four times
- Five times
 How many times a week do you go to the movies?
 I usually go to the movies twice a week
  How often do you wash your hair?
 I wash my hair three times a week

EVERY, AT LEAST

- We have to complete a report every week

- I take a vacation at least once a year

TOO / ENOUGH

We use too / enough with adverbs of manner to talk about the amount or degree of an activity.

- He worked hard enough to get the work done (the amount of work was satisfactory)
- You didn’t get the promotion because you didn’t work hard enough (the amount of work
was less than needed)
- You got sick because you worked too hard. (the amount of work was more than was
needed)

LESSON THREE

VOCABULARY

Able Doc
appetite Fever
Awkward Frightening
Cast Heal
Depressed Jaw
Light - headed Paramedic
Medical assistant Specialist
Medication Terrify
Optometrist Tired
Pain Therapist

GRAMMAR

CAN / BE ALLOWED TO / BE ABLE TO

We use be able to / be allowed to / can + verb to give or refuse permission

Present

- You are allowed to attend the meeting

- You can attend the meeting (the person has permission to attend the meeting)
- You are not allowed to attend the meeting
- You can’t attend the meeting (the person does not have permission to attend the meeting)

Future
 - You will be able to attend the meeting
- You will be allowed to attend the meeting
- You won’t be able to attend the meeting
- You won’t be allowed to attend the meeting

REPORTED SPEECH

We use reported speech to show what someone has said, without repeating the exact words. It is
also called indirect speech.

If you report what someone said and it is still true, the tense doesn’t need to charge.

The word that usually follows the reporting verb, but it’s optional.

- He is a very hard worker (direct speech)

She said (that) he is a very hard worker.

(reported speech / indirect speech)

- I’ll be late (direct speech)

He said (that) he will be late (reported speech / indirect speech)

COMMUNICATION

The pain isn’t bad anymore

I’m not taking medication

I feel light-headed and dizzy

I had surgery on my jaw

My left arm and jaw were broken