Lesson one

Vocabulary

Beach Smooth
Bother Stack
Cubicle Housework
Dine Material
Forest Mess
Frozen Metal
Hill Mountain
PM Nature
Relax Plastic
River Steal
Sand Stone
set Surprise
Wood

Grammar

Prepositions of time

We use Before and after with:

 Times
- Let’s meet before 7:00. The films starts at 7:00
- Train tickets are cheaper after 9:30 in the morning
 Events/situations
- There will be coffe before the film
- Let’s watch TV after dinner
 We use by to mean “not later than”
- Please give me your homework by Friday (= on or before Friday)
 We use for + a period of time: for an hour, for two days, for three weeks, etc. it means”
the whole time”:
- We waited for the bus for an hour
 We use during + and event or situation: during the flight, during winter, during the movie
- Neil brand plays the brother during the show
 Compare during and for
- I inly slept for half an hour during the flight
- It rained for two days during our vacation

When / Where

We use when and where to make clauses that express the time and place of an action. These
clauses are called relative clauses
  When is for clauses about time, days, years, etc:
- We met on the day when I passed my final exam
 Where is for a relative clauses about places:
- That’s the bank where Joan works

We can combine two senteces into one sentences with relative clauses

- That’s the building. We do our exams there  that’s the building where we do our
exams
- September 20th is the day. We got married then.  September 20th is the day when
we got married

When the relative clauses begins with when or where, we do not include a place or time
preposition

- September 20th is the day when we got married

- NOT September 20th is the day when we got married then
- That’s the house where we spent out childhood
- NOT That’s the house where we spent out childhood there
-

Lesson two

Vocabulary

action e-mail
Barely Fast
Blog Film
Cartoon Happiness
Celebrity Importance
Comedy Story
Known Show
Laugh Theater
Replay TV
Podcast Tweet
Corner website
Difference
DVD

Grammar

Adjective + Preposition combinations

Many adjetives are followed by prepositions. Here’s a list of most common adjective + preposition
combinations:

Feelings
  Afraid of
 Angry with
 Bored with
 Disappointed in/with
 Excited about
 Interested in
 Nervous about
 Pleased with
 Upset with
 Worried about

Abilities

 Good at
 Bad at

Behavior

 Kind to
 Nice to

Others

 Busy with
 Different from
 Famous for
 Married to
 Similar to

- Carla was good at cleaning. The hotel manager was always pleased with her work
- Paris is famous for its beautiful buildings

When we put a verb after the preposition, we often use the –ing form.

- I’m really bad at cooking

- Are you excited about going on vacation?

Present Perfect for Past Experiences

We form the present perfect with Have + the past participle form of the verb. The regular past
participle end in –ed

Subject

I / we / you / they / He/ She / It

Positive

Have (‘ve)

Has (‘ve)
Negative

Have not ( haven’t)

Has not (hasn’t)

Participle

Finished

Finished

Yes/ No Questions

Have I/we/you/ they finished?

Has he/she/it finished?

Short answer

Yes, I/we/you/they have

No, I/we/you/ they haven’t

Yes, he/she/it has

No, He/she / it hasn’t

Some irregular past participles.

Be – been

Buy – bought

Come – come

Go – gone

Have – had

Make – made

See – seen

Take – taken

Think – thought

Write – written

We use the present perfect to talk about past experiences in our lives. It is not important when
they happened:

- Jonh has worked in several gyms

- I’ve traveled a lot
We can use before, once, twice, several times, etc. to say hoy often:

- I haven’t visited the gym before, but I’ve stayed at this hotel several times.
- My parents have visited the United Stares once.

We often use ever to ask about past experiences. It means “in your life”:

- Have you ever played basketball? – yes, several times

- Has she ever tasted Japanese food? – only once

We use never in negative sentences. It means “not in your life”

- I’ve never played golf

- She’s never cooked Italian food

We put ever and never BEFORE the past pasticiple

- Have you ever stayed in a big hotel? / NOT have you stayed ever in a big hotel?
- I’ve never stayed in any hotels. / NOT I’ve stayed never in any hotels

Lesson three

Vocabulary

Accident Regret
Appreciate Encourage
Celebrity Factory
Commitment Importance
Coworker Less
Decline Look
Disaster Magazine
Economy Make up
Newspaper News
Personality Success
Prior Unfortunately
Publicity Warmly
Radio wish

Phrasal Verbs

A pharasal verb is a verb + a preposition, for example, take + off (take off)

A phrasal verb usually has a different meaning from the verb alone:

- It’s cold. You should take a sweater with you

- It’s warm. I’m going to take off my sweater. (take off = remove)

Many phrasal verbs have an object:

- Please take off your shoes

 - Let’s turn up the sound
- She looks after my children

Some phrasal verbs are separable. This means that a noun can come between the verb and the
proposition:

- Please put your jacket on. Please put on your jacket

- Please turn on the tv. Please turn the TV on
- You can take off your jacket. You can take your jacket off

But we always put pronoun objects (e.g. it, him, them) between the verb and the preposition:

- Put it on. NOT put on it

Some phrasal verbs can’t be separated:

- She looks after my children. Not She looks my children after

Some phrasal verbs have on object:

- Come back
- Come in
- Go away
- Go back
- Go in
- Grow up
- Look out (be careful)
- Look for
- Lie down
- Sit down
- Turn on
- Get up
- Figure out
- Take off
- Clean up

Forming Nouns

Nouns that end in –ness, -ity, and –ance/-ence. We make these nouns from adjetives:

Adjetives

- Happy
- Dark
- Ill
- Able
- Active
- National
- Important
- Distant
 - Independent
- Different
- Silent

- Ness
- Ity
- Ance
- Ence

= noun

- Happiness
- Darkness
- Illness
- Ability
- Activity
- Nationality
- Importance
- Distance
- Independence
- Difference
- Silence

The spelling sometimes changes when we add letters to a word that ends ina vowel, in –t or in –y:

- Happy  happiness
- Important  importance
- Distant  distance
- Able  ability
- Active  activity
- Available  availability
- Passion  passionate