the gradual decrease in excess

pore water pressure

1
 z0′ z′
c ′
z0
} zf
′

z0′ z0′
z′
} ′
zf
e
Vv = eVs Voids
Vv = (e -  e)Vs Voids

Before Vs Solids Vs Solids After

2
• A typical loading history is the deposition of sediments
transported by water over time.
• The vertical effective stress on the soil increases due to the
process of sedimentation

3
𝜎𝐵′ > 𝜎𝐶′

𝑒𝐵 < 𝑒𝐶

4
• The volume expansion due to the release of pressure as
observed is less than the compression due to sedimentation.

5
1. Erosion
2. Surcharge loading and its removal (Flood)
3. Fluctuations in GWL

6
 𝑛

𝜎𝑧 = ෍ 𝛾𝑖 ℎ𝑖 + 𝑞 𝜎5 = 18.5 ∗ 5 = 92.5 𝑘𝑁 Τ𝑚2

𝑖=1

𝜎5𝑚 = 18.5 ∗ 5 + 200 = 292.5 𝑘𝑁 Τ𝑚2 𝑢5 = 10 ∗ 5 = 50 𝑘𝑁 Τ𝑚2

′
𝜎𝑧𝑚 292.5 − 50
𝑅= ′ = ≈ 5.7
𝜎𝑧 92.5 − 50

7
 possibly years
• This gradual process leads
to reduction in volume of
soil and hence settlement
of structures foundations
which may cause cracks
and structure failure.