ENGALG1

Algebraic Equations in One Variable

Word problems
Polynomial Equation with Degree n
Lecture 3-3

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APPLICATIONS
I – GEOMETRIC PROBLEM
1. The length of a rectangle is 13 inches greater than its
width. Its perimeter is 8 ft. Find its dimensions.
L  W  13
Let x = width of the rectangle in inches
x+13 = length of the rectangle in inches W
𝑃 = 2 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ + 2(𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ) 𝑥 + 13 = 17.5 + 13 = 30.5 𝑖𝑛.
12 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠
𝑃 = 8𝑓𝑡 𝑥 = 96 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠
1 𝑓𝑡 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ = 17.5 𝑖𝑛
96 = 2 𝑥 + 13 + 2𝑥 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ = 30.5 𝑖𝑛
96 = 2𝑥 + 26 + 2𝑥
96 − 26 = 4𝑥
4𝑥 = 70
70 35
𝑥= = = 17.5 𝑖𝑛.
4 2
APPLICATIONS
I I – MIXTURE PROBLEM
1. How many ounces of pure nickel must be added to 150
ounces of an alloy 70% nickel to make an alloy which is
85% pure?
Given: Nickel Alloy = 70% Wt Nickel alloy = 150 ounces
Reqd: Wt of Pure alloy

100 % 70% 85%

x
+ 150 ounces
= X + 150

x  0.70 150   0.85  x  150  150 oz of pure Nickel

 x  105  0.85 x  127.5
 0.15 x  22.5
 x  150oz
WORK RELATED PROBLEMS
R = rate of doing the work
w T = time to finish the work
When there is a specific work and specific time and
R T manpower, the rate of doing the work is calculated as
the number of man-hour to complete a job

RA RB
TA TB

RC
TC
WORK RELATED PROBLEMS
1. If A,B and C worked simultaneously, how long will it take
them to fill the tank together?
 1 1 1 
1    x
 A B C
2. If A and C worked for 3 hours then A was replaced by B,
how long will it take them to fill the tank together?
 1 1   1 1 
1  3    x  
 A C   B C 
3. If A worked for 2 hours then B and C were turned on.

 1   1 1 1 
1  2   x   
 A   A B C 
WORK RELATED PROBLEMS
4. If A and B worked for 4 hours then A broke down and
replaced by C
 1 1   1 1 
4    x   1
 A B B C
5. If all have been working for 2 hours, B and C broke down
 1 1 1   1 
1  2     x 
 A B C  A
6. A,B and C have been working for 2 hours then both A and B
broke down. How long will it take C to empty the tank?
 1 1 1   1 
1  2     x 
 A B C   C 
WORK RELATED PROBLEMS
1. Cora can do a piece of work in 9 days and Hazel can do the same in 10
days. How long will it take both working together to do the job?
C 9 H  10
 1 1  90
x   1 x days
C H  19
1 1  90
x   1 they can finish the job in days
 9 10  19

2. A tank can be filled by a pipe in 3 hours and emptied by another pipe in

4 hours. How long would it take to fill the tank if both are open?

1 1
x   1
3 4
Tank  1 
x  1
 12 
x  12 hrs
WORK RELATED PROBLEMS
3. Roan can finish a job two hours longer than Franco. After working 1
hour, Franco joins him and they complete the job in three more hours.
How long would it take Roan and Franco to finish a similar job if each
worked done?

R  F 2
F 
1 1 1 
1   3    1
R R F
 1   1 1 
   3    1
 F 2  F 2 F  Franco can finish it in 6 hours
 4 3 
and Roan in 8 hours
   1  F  F  2
 F  2 F 
4F  3  F  2  F 2  2F
0  F 2  5F  6
F  6hrs
F  1hr
 Age Problem
Lorenz is three times as old as his nephew, Peter.
Four Years ago, he was four times as old as Peter
was at that time. How old is Peter.
Let 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟, 3𝑥 = 𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐿𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑧

Present 4 Years ago

Lorenz 3x 3x-4
Peter x X-4

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3𝑥 − 4 = 4(𝑥 − 4)
3𝑥 − 4 = 4𝑥 − 16
3𝑥 − 4𝑥 = −16 + 4
−𝑥 = −12
𝑥 = 12

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 Motion Motion

Current
Current
UPSTREAM DOWNSTREAM
eff . rate : RB  RC eff . rate : RB  RC

Plane Plane

Wind Wind

HEADWIND TAILWIND
(Wind pushing against (Wind pushing the
the plane) plane)
rate : RP  RW rate : RP  RW
 Uniform Motion
• A modern jet plane can go 400 mph more than twice
as fast as a diesel powered train. If the train can run
165 mi. in the same time that the plane can fly 1210
mi, find the rate of each.
Let x = rate of train, 2x+ 400 = rate of the plane

Distance(D) Time(t) Rate=D/t

Train 165 mi x
Plane 1210 mi 400+2x

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Equating the time
165 1210
=
𝑥 2𝑥 + 400
165 2𝑥 + 400 = 1210𝑥
330𝑥 − 1210𝑥 = −66000
880𝑥 = 66000
𝑥 = 75𝑚𝑝ℎ (𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛)
2𝑥 + 400 = 550 𝑚𝑝ℎ (𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒)

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• The speed of a motorboat is 12 mph in still
water. Find the speed of the river’s current if
the motorboat goes 4 miles downstream in
the same time it can go 3 miles upstream.
Let
X= rate of current
X + 12 = rate of boat downstream
12 – x = rate of boat upstream

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Equating Time
𝐷 𝐷
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 = → 𝑡 =
𝑡 𝑅

4 3
=
𝑥 + 12 12 − 𝑥
4 12 − 𝑥 = 3(𝑥 + 12)
48 − 4𝑥 = 3𝑥 + 36
7𝑥 = 12
12
𝑥= 𝑚𝑝ℎ
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POLYNOMIAL EQUATIONS IN DEGREE n
n 1 n2
a0 x  a1 x  a2 x
n
 ....  an1x  an  0

• Synthetic division is just an abbreviated or

compressed long division of a polynomial by a
binomial divisor , where “r” is a rational number.
f ( x) R f ( x) a0 x n  a1 x n 1  a2 x n  2  ...  an 1 x  an
 g ( x)  
xr xr xr xr

a0  a1  a2  ...  an 1  an r
 a 0  r 
a0  a1  a0  r 
POLYNOMIAL EQUATIONS IN DEGREE n
n 1 n2
a0 x  a1 x  a2 x
n
 ....  an1x  an  0
The factor theorem and remainder theorem
P(x) – Polynomial function P – constant (last term)
R - remainder q – coefficient of the highest degree
r - any rational number

P  x R R=0 If the factor (x-r)

 Q  x  (no remainder, no factor)
xr xr Else, R is the remainder

UPPER AND LOWER BOUND OF REAL ROOTS

If P(x) divided by (x - r) through synthetic division and
a. If r > 0, and all numbers in the 3rd line are all positive f(x) has no zero
greater than r, r is considered an upper bound to the positive zeroes of
p(x)
b. If r < 0 & the number in the 3rd line alternate in signs (＋ or - ), there is no
root less than r, or r is a lower bound to the negative roots of P(x)=0
POLYNOMIAL EQUATIONS IN DEGREE n
1.  4 x 3
 3 x 2
 5   x  2 

a) Use synthetic division

b) Use factor/remainder theorem

a) Use synthetic division b) Use factor/remainder theorem

A.Using synthetic division and remainder theorem,
find the remainder, when the first polynomial is
divided by the second. If R=0, find the other
roots
1. 𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥 4 − 2𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 − 150; 𝑥 − 4
2. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 4 − 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 1; 𝑥 + 2
3. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 5 − 2𝑥 + 1; 𝑥 − 1
4. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 5 + 3𝑥 2 − 10; 𝑥 + 1
B. Find the roots of the polynomial equation given
r1 is one of its roots.
1. 2𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 3 = 0, r1=1
2. 2𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 − 16𝑥 + 15; r1=-3
3. 5𝑥 3 + 11𝑥 2 − 38𝑥 − 8; r1=-4
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