Lesson 4

PRONOUNS
A. Personal Pronouns
Personal pronouns are the most common
type of pronoun. They are used when it is
not necessary to use or repeat more precise
noun phrases. Unlike their name "personal"
pronouns. they can refer to things as well as
people.

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1/ Form

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2/ Meaning
Reference to a noun or a noun phrase within a text

• Susan works for a law firm. She likes her job.

• I visit my parents once a week. They live in a

small city.

3/ Use
(1) Subject pronouns
Mr. Hwang left for Susan this morning. He took the
KTX. (subject)

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cf. Preparatory “It”
It is not easy to learn a second language. (=
Learning a second language is not easy for
anyone.)

It is easy for young children to learn a language. (=

Learning a language is easy for young children.

(2) Possessive adjectives & possessive pronouns —

to show ownership

. That’s my folder. (= I own that folder.)

. This is your computer, and that’s hers. (= her
computer)

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(3) Object pronouns
The manager offered a job. John took it. (object)
That’s her. She’s wearing glasses. (complement)

(4) Reflective pronouns

a/ Used when the object is the same as the subject
He saw himself in the mirror.

b/ Used to emphasize the subject or object

He visited the office himself. (= He, not anyone else,
visited the office.)

The visitor asked to see our CEO herself. (= The visitor

asked to see our CEO, not anyone else.)

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c/ As an idiomatic expression
She wrote the report by herself. (= alone)
She was totally besides herself last night. (= out of
her sense)
Between ourselves, I’ll tell you the secret. (=
between you and me)

B. Demonstrative Pronouns
Demonstrative pronouns are used to point to things.
But when they are used as adjectives, they can
refer to either people or things.
1. Form

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2. Meaning
(1) Near the speaker
Here’s the file. Put this in the file cabinet.
Look at my pants. I bought these at a discount.

(2) Distant from the speaker

There’s a folder on the desk. Bring that to me.
You take these bags, and I’ll take those.

3. Use
(1) Used as pronouns or adjectives
This report is well written, but that is not.
Please tell those people to wait for a while.
Your bags look heavy. Why don’t you put those
down?
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(2) That of / Those of to mean “the one(s)”

His own experience is different from his friends.

(X)

His own experience is different from that of his

friends.

The products of E-Market are better than rival

companies. (X)

The products of E-Market are better than those of

rival companies.

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C. Indefinite Pronouns
Indefinite pronouns refer to things in a general,
vague way. They can also be used as determiners.

1/ Form
Indefinite pronouns, unlike personal pronouns, do
not vary their form.

Important indefinite pronouns on the TOEIC

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2/ Meaning
(1)Another — one more in addition to the one already
mentioned

(2) Other / Others — several more in addition to the

one(s) already mentioned

(3) The other / The others — the rest of a specific group

3/ Use
(1) Frequent usage
I have three books. One is mine, another is Tom’s, and
the other is yours.

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I have three books. One is mine, and the others are
Tom’s.

There are 50 students in my class. Some are from

Mexico, and others are from Japan.

(2) Reciprocal pronouns — to show mutual

relationships

Tom and Mary love each other.

The team members helped one another.

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Homework page155 to 158

Circle the correct word to complete each sentence.

1. When you complete the form, please mail (it / them)

to us.

2. My employees and I would like to show (our / their)

thanks for your cooperation.

3. Jerry Demon will resign and start (his / him) own

business.

4. She took care of all legal matters by (her / herself).

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5. Because Ms. Blaire’s performance was remarkable, Mr.
Tebbe gave (her / herself) some incentives.

6, (It / That) is necessary to increase production to fulfill

orders.

7. The two teams helped each (another / other) to improve

the quality of their work.

8. I will cancel the previous check and send you (another /

other).

9. Companies are seeking ways to serve (its / their)

customers more effectively.

l0. You should provide us with (your / yours) account

information.
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Practice Test
Part 5 Incomplete Sentences
Question 1-10 Choose the word that best completes each sentence.

1. Mr. Chang, with __________ work experience and competence,

deserves the promotion.
(A) he (B) his (C) him (D) himself

2. Business owners should think about what __________ can do for the
public.
(A) he (B) she (C) they (D) you

3. After comparing several estimates, we decided to move __________

because the moving cost was so high.
(A) us (B) our (C) ours (D) ourselves

4. William will attend the conference by __________ since the other

members are busy with the proposal.
(A) he (B) his (C) him (D) himself
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5. The first candidate’s qualifications are superior to __________ of the second
candidate.
(A) this (B) that (C) these (D) those

6. To remain competitive in modem societies, __________ is essential to stay on top

of world issues.
(A) it (B) they (C) that (D) this

7. All department heads should submit __________ annual budget estimates to the
Finance Department by the end of the month.
(A) ourselves (B) theirs (C) their(D) ours

8. The hiring committee agreed that it was impossible __________ him to perform
the assignment.
(A) to(B) for (C) with (D) that

9. The majority of IT directors are reporting a significant __________ in e-mail spam.

(A) increase (B) accent (C) access (D) impression

10. You can improve your __________ and accomplish more with time management
skills.
(A) productivity (B) measures (C) harvest (D) economies

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Part 6 Text Completion
Question 1-3 refer to the following letter.

September 29, 2007

Ian Lao
4145 Lavista Rd
Northlake Square
Tucker, GA 30084
Dear Mr. Lao,
We are disappointed to hear about your problem with the purchase of your new
Magelian-Maestro 3140 GPS. Under normal circumstances, we request that our
customers contact their local dealer in the ______ of any trouble; yet we realize that this
incident requires our
1.(A) affair
(B) event
(C) opening
(D) happening
special attention. __________, we ask you cautiously to repackage the product in its
original
2. (A) Nevertheless
(B) However
(C) Therefore
(D) Still

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carton and mail it to us. Then our quality control experts will perform a
thorough examination and will decide what the source of this problem
is.

Incase it proves to be a minor malfunction, we will make the proper

repairs and return the __________ to you within twenty working days. If
we determine that the unit is defective, we
3.(A) production
(B) producing
(C) produce
(D) product
will provide you with an immediate replacement.
Again, we regret that you went through such an inconvenience and
appreciate your patience and your purchase of our Magellan-Maestro
3140 GPS.

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Part 7 Reading Comprehension
Questions 1-2 refer to the following invitation.

January 5, 2008
Dear Mr. David Wilder,
The Philippine American Business Association of the Eastern Michigan Area cordially
invites you to celebrate PABA’s 30th anniversary. The reception will be held on
Thursday, February 28, 2008, from 5:00 PM to 6:30 PM. We are pleased to present Dr.
Todd DeVries, the Dean of the Pullman State University Business School, as our
speaker at the reception.
Attendance is open only to invited guests. To confirm your attendance, we ask that
you complete and return the enclosed registration form to the Philippine American
Business Association at 649 Mission Street, Lansing, MI 48922. Alternatively, you may
complete an online form at the webpage www.paba.org/workshop/response.html.
If you have any general questions, please contact the reception coordinator, Emily
Riojas, at 415-543-6222, or send us an e-mail through the link on the webpage.

Thank you, and we look forward to meeting with you.

Sincerely,
Liying Cui
Chief Association Officer
The Philippine American Business Association

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1. What is Dr. Todd DeVries scheduled to do at the reception?
A. Give a talk
B. Present an award
C. Introduce Emily Riojas
D. Ask some general questions

2. According to the letter, what is a requirement for attending

the reception?
A. The payment of a fee
B. Prompt arrival
C. A reply to the invitation
D. Formal attire

THE END OF UNIT 04

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