UNIT 4

Tenses and Conditional

Page 47
MAIN POINTS:
4. Conditional sentences
1. Tenses

2. Some adverbs and time expressions used as tenses

indicators

3. Tenses in adverbial clauses of time/condition

5. Verbs and adjectives that always require the present

subjunctive form to follow
 Tenses

Present Past Future

The mood

Simple Perfect Continuous

 The basics of tenses
He works for A shop every day
He worked at the shop yesterday
He will work for A shop tomorrow
He is working at his office now
He has worked for A shop since he was 18
He had worked for A shop before he worked here.
He will have finished his work by the next July.
  Verb tenses can be identified by some time expressions or the contexts in which
the tenses are used.

Present simple tense:

I/ we / you / they / plural nouns + V1
He/ she/ it + V-s/V-es
She types the documents every day.
To express a general fact, a permanent state, a present habit or
routine
Past simple tense: V2/V-ed
She typed the documents yesterday.
To express an action, a state or an experience in the past
Simple future tense: will/ shall + V1
She will type the documents tomorrow.
To express a possible action, a plan or a hope in the
future.

Present perfect tense: has/ have + V3/V-ed

She has typed the documents
To express an action that happened in the past and still
has a result or connection to the present time
Past perfect tense: had + V3/V-ed
She had typed the document before yesterday
To express an action happening from a certain period in
the past to a specific period in the past

Future perfect tense: will + have + V3/Ved

She will have typed the documents by tomorrow
To express an action that will happen or complete before
another action or a specific period in the future
Note:
went
EX1: The janitor reported that the lights _________out an hour
ago.
When the verb in the main clause is in the past tense, the verb (s)
in the subordinate clause(s) must be in the simple past or past
perfect tense.
As reported in the main clause is in the simple past tense, the verb
went in the subordinate clause must be in the simple past tense.
had already been
EX2: We noticed that the copying machine _________
repaired.
As the action of repairing happened before that of noticing,
repaired in the subordinate clause must be in the past perfect
tense.
Some adverbs and time expressions used as tenses indicators

The simple present tense:

Always usually each every generally……

The present perfect tense:

since so far over the past years
for for the last five years
ever recently in the last/past few years
 The simple future tense:
tomorrow, in a week, in two months, in a few days,
next week/month/year
By + [a noun denoting time], S + will + V1
By the time + S + simple present tense, S + will + have V3/ed

will lose
Ex: Economists predict that the company ____________ its reputation in the
event that they merge.
The simple future tense is often used in that-clauses following such
verbs as predict,….to express expectations or predictions.

anticipate / expect / predict

+ that + S + will + V1
estimate / foresee
 Tenses in adverbial clauses of condition

If you want more information about our product, we will send you a brochure.

Adverbial clauses of condition main clauses

Want will send

The simple present (express future meanings) The simple future tense
Adverbial clauses of condition are introduced by such conjunctions as if, unless,
or provided/providing (that).
If we want to express an action in the future perfect tense, we must use the
present perfect tense instead.
 Tenses in adverbial clauses of time
Before you go on to the next stage, the manager will give you more details.

Adverbial clauses of time main clauses

The simple present tense(expresses a future meaning) The simple future tense
Adverbial clauses of time are introduced by such conjunctions as when, before,
after, as soon as, until, once, or while.
Note: In a similar way, the perfect aspect in a subordinate clause of time is
expressed by have/has + p.p. instead of.
Ex:will have + p.p
A new air conditioner will be purchased as soon as we have investigated all the
models available on the market.
 Conditional sentences
A conditional sentence begins with if or unless and is used to
talk about a possible situation and its result.
We have some type of conditional sentences:
Present real conditional
Future conditional
Present unreal conditional
Past unreal conditional
Mixed conditional
 Present real conditional
If she speaks Chinese, our company will hire her.
This is used to talk about something that is generally true or happens often.

S + will[can/may/should] + bare infinitive

If + S + verb in present tense,
please + bare infinitive (imperative mood)

Should is used to make the sentence sound more polite.

EX:
If you should have any problems with the new computer, please
notify our Technical Service Department in a timely manner.
 Future conditional
If you should need to contact me, I should be back in my office at
around 4.
= Should you need to contact me, I should be back in my office at
around 4.
(→ Omission of if and inversion of subject and verb )

This is used to talk about something that may possibly happen in

the future, although the speaker thinks that the possibility is small
If + S + should + V1, S + will[shall/would/should] + V1
 Present unreal conditional
If I were in your situation, I would tell the truth.
= were I in your situation, I would tell the truth
(→ Omission of if and inversion of subject and verb)
If you checked your car at least once a month, you might save time
and money
= Were you to check your car at least once a month, you might save
time and money (→ Omission of if and inversion of subject and verb)
This is used to talk about something contrary to the present facts.

If + S+ verb in past tense, S + would[could/should/might ] + V1

 Past unreal conditional
If you had reported the incident earlier, we could have prepared for
the worst.
= Had you reported the incident earlier, we could have prepared for
the worst. (→ Omission of if and inversion of subject and verb )
This is used to talk about something contrary to the facts in the
past.

If + S + had + V3/ed..., S + would[could/should/might] + have + V3/ed

 Mixed conditional
If I had taken your advice then, I would be a lawyer now.

contrary to the facts in the past the impact on the present

situation
(= As I didn't take your advice then, I am not a lawyer.)

If + S + had + V3/ed S+ would[could/should/might] + V1

 Verbs that always require the present
subjunctive form to follow
be
The computer engineer suggested that the unused program files __
deleted.

ask / suggest /
insist / request /
+ that + subject + (should) + V1
demand /
recommend
 Adjectives that always require the present subjunctive form to follow

It is important that those in their fifties get medical examinations

regularly.
= It is important that those in their fifties (should) get medical
examinations regularly.

It is + necessary / imperative /
+ that + subject + (should) + V1
important / essential
Grammar Practice / page 56 - 58

Do it by yourselves
Check-up Test (page 60-62)
The end of the lesson!