REVISION OF TENSES

PRESENT SIMPLE (PS) à I do PAST SIMPLE (PaS) à I did FUTURE SIMPLE (FS) à I will do
- Habits/routines
- General truths (The earth goes round the sun)
- Predictions
- A finished action in the past
- Stative verbs (want, like, know, understand, etc) - Spontaneous decisions
USES USES - Series of completed actions in the past USES
- (FUTURE MEANING) timetables/schedules - Timetable (The film will start in half an hour)
AUX. VERB DO/DOES AUX. VERB DID AUX. VERB WILL/SHALL
+ I play tennis once a week /She plays + I played tennis yesterday and I won the match. + I will/shall visit my grandma in October (shallà 1st ps sg & pl)
She always goes to the cinema on Sundays She wrote a novel in 1916. She will become a doctor
- I don’t play tennis once a week - I didn’t play tennis yesterday - I won’t/shan’t (=shall not) visit my grandma in October
She doesn’t always go to the cinema on Sundays She didn’t write a novel in 1916. She won’t (=will not) become a doctor
? Do you play tennis frequently? ? Did you play tennis last week? ? Will/Shall we go on holidays next summer?
How often does she go to the cinema? When did she write that poem? How will humans live in Mars in the future?
MIDDLE à always – almost always – often – usually –
sometimes – rarely – hardly ever/almost never – never a week/month/year ago soon
She is often tired yesterday tomorrow
FREQUENCY She often goes for a walk with her dog TIME last week/month/wear TIME next week/month/wear
ADVERBS She doesn’t often watch TV ADVERBS in 1916/the 1990s/the 20th century ADVERBS this evening
END à on Mondays – in the afternoon – at night – once a when in an hour/ a few weeks/ the future
day – twice a week – every fortnight then at 5 o´clock
She goes for a walk every day on 12th October
SPELLING play + s SPELLING c v c + c + ed (exc w, x, y) play + ed
go, miss, wash, watch, fix + es like + ed
RULES fry à fr + i + es RULES (reg) stopp ed, bowed, fixed, enjoyed fry à fr + i + ed
Emotions à like, love, hate, want, need, prefer + I used to play tennis, but now I play badminton - Planned actions
STATIVE Thinking à understand, seem, mean, remember, know, believe USED TO - He didn’t use to run, but he runs 5 km every day now She is going to study Chinese next term.
GOING TO
VERBS Possession à own, have, belong to (habits in the past) ? Did they use to meet on Mondays last year? - Actions that are about to happen
Senses à hear/sound, see, smell, taste, feel There are some dark clouds. It’s going to rain heavily

PRESENT CONTINUOUS (PC) à I am doing PAST CONTINUOUS (PaC) à I was doing FUTURE CONTINUOUS (FC) à I will be doing
- An action that is happening now - An action in progress at a specific time in the past (or - An action in progress at a certain future time
USES - A temporary action USES two at the same time) USES - Future plans
- (FUTURE) A definite plan for the near future - An incomplete action interrupted by another action
STRUCTURE TO BE (PRESENT) à AM/IS/ARE + V-ING STRUCTURE TO BE (PAST) à WAS/WERE + V-ING STRUCTURE TO BE (FUTURE) à WILL BE + V-ING
+ I am listening to music now + I was listening to music last night when my mp3 dropped + I will be lying on the beach at this time next Monday
She is reading the novel at present They were rehearsing for the concert
- I´m not listening to music now - I wasn’t listening to music yesterday - They won’t be sleeping in a hotel, but in a tent, next weekend.
She isn’t reading the novel at present We weren’t watching TV while we were having dinner
? Why are you meeting Frank so early tomorrow morning? ? What were you doing last weekend? ? Will you be living in Paris in twenty years’ time?
Are they hanging out with their friends on Saturday night? Was Sam walking home when it started to rain?
SPELLING make à make + ing c v c + c + ing (exc w, x, y) SPELLING make à make + ing c v c + c + ing (exc w, x, y) SPELLING make à make + ing c v c + c + ing (exc w, x, y)
RULES lie à l + y + ing running, bowing, fixing, enjoying RULES lie à l + y + ing running, bowing, fixing, enjoying RULES lie à l + y + ing running, bowing, fixing, enjoying

TIME (right) now, at the moment TIME last night/week/year TIME At this time tomorrow/next month/year
ADVERBS at present, today, these days, this month/year ADVERBS at 7.30, when, while, as ADVERBS on Friday, in the next decade/century
tonight, tomorrow, next Saturday/week, month, year
 REVISION OF TENSES
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE (P Perf S) à I have done PAST PERFECT SIMPLE (Pa Perf S) à I had done FUTURE PERFECT SIMPLE (F Perf S) à I will have done
- Action that began in the past and it continues until

USES present USES - Completed/finished action that took place before USES - Action that will be completed by a certain time in the
- Action that happened at an undetermined time in the another action in the past future
past but it is connected to the present
- (FOCUS on) à RESULT
STRUCTURE TO HAVE (PRESENT) à HAVE/HAS + PAST PARTICIPLE STRUCTURE TO HAVE (PAST) à HAD + PAST PARTICIPLE STRUCTURE TO HAVE (FUTURE) à WILL HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
(V-ED/3rd column) (V-ED/3rd column) (V-ED/3rd column)
+ I have just had breakfast but I’m still hungry. + By the time we arrived, the train had already gone. + I will have finished the report in three weeks’ time.
Paul has never created an Instagram account.
- Workers haven’t decided to go on strike yet. - We hadn’t heard of such creature before we saw it in our tent. - She won’t have saved enough money by December if she
She hasn’t visited him at hospital yet. continues spending it on unexpected expenses.
? Have you ever been to Egypt? ? Had they left the party when Martin arrived? ? How will you have succeeded by the end of the year?
How long has she worked for your company?
SPELLING c v c + c + ed (exc w, x, y) play + ed SPELLING c v c + c + ed (exc w, x, y) play + ed SPELLING c v c + c + ed (exc w, x, y) play + ed
like + ed like + ed like + ed
RULES (reg) stopp ed, bowed, fixed, enjoyed fry à fr + i + ed RULES stopp ed, bowed, fixed, enjoyed fry à fr + i + ed RULES stopp ed, bowed, fixed, enjoyed fry à fr + i + ed
BEGINNING à How long…?
How long has Susan lived in London before moving to By this time next week/month/year
already, just
Madrid? By 7 o´clock
TIME by the time
MIDDLE à never, ever, already (+), just TIME TIME By the end of…
ADVERBS after, before, until
Have you ever gatecrashed a party? I’ve never done that. ADVERBS ADVERBS By then
never
She has just/already sent the email. By June
END à since + beginning of the action, for + duration period In five weeks’ time
yet (-/?), lately, recently, in recent years, throughout …
She’s lived in Bilbao since January

PRESENT PERFECT COTINUOUS (P Perf C) à I have been doing PAST PERFECT COTINUOUS (Pa Perf C) à I had been doing FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS (F Perf C) à I will have been doing
- Action that began in the past and it still continues in the

USES present USES - An action that continued up to another past action USES
- Action whose results are still apparent
- (FOCUS on) à ACTIVITY ITSELF
STRUCTURE TO HAVE (PRES) + BEEN à HAVE/HAS + BEEN + V-ING STRUCTURE TO HAVE (PAST) + BEEN à HAD + BEEN + V-ING STRUCTURE TO HAVE (FUTURE) + BEEN à WILL HAVE + BEEN + V-ING
+ We’ve been living in this town since 2005. + They had been living in Lugo for years until the moved away. +
She has been working here for twelve years.
- We haven’t been living in this town since 2005. - I hadn’t been running for long when I saw them -
She hasn’t been working here for twelve years.
? Have you been running? You’re out of breath. ? Where had Mark been working before he moved here? ?
How long has she been working for your company?
SPELLING make à make + ing c v c + c + ing (exc w, x, y) SPELLING make à make + ing c v c + c + ing (exc w, x, y)
RULES lie à l + y + ing running, bowing, fixing, enjoying RULES lie à l + y + ing running, bowing, fixing, enjoying
BEGINNING à How long…?
How long has Tim been working in Valencia? for hours/days/weeks/years
TIME TIME since last April TIME
END à since + beginning of the action, for + duration period
ADVERBS ADVERBS all morning ADVERBS
all night/morning/day/week
when, until, before
She’s been reading the report all morning