rDeDpdk;xm ,mOfarmif; vufpGJ

todynmESifh -udKwif jyifqifxm;&eftcsuftvufrsm; ........... 1=2

q,fausmfoufrsm;tay: pnf;urf;topfuef hoyfr+rsm; ...................................... 2=4

tcef; ( 1 ) ,mOfarmif; vdkifpif . ............................................. 5

tcef; ( 2 ) oifarmif;aomum; .vdktyfcsufrsm; .............................................. 23

tcef; ( 3 ) ,mOfpnf;urf; / vrf;pnf;urf; . ............................................. 27

tcef; ( 4 ) vrf;twlwuG oHk;pGJjcif;/ ........................................................ ........ 42

tcef; ( 5 ) qdkif;bkwf/tcsufjyrD; ESifh vrf;ab;trSwftom;rsm; ................. 53

tcef; ( 6 ) tacstae trsdK;trsdK; .............................................. 70

tcef; ( 7 ) ,mOfarmif;ol.tcGifhta&;/ .............................................. 87

tcef; ( 8 ) Oya'jyify r+;&pf/&rf;um;pGmarmif;ESifjcif;/ .................................... 91

tcef; ( 9 ) rmwdum ESifh owif;tcsuftvufrsm;/ .............................................. 97

T ,mOfarmif;olrsm;odoifhaom vufpGJpmtkyfonf rDeDpdk;xm Oya'vdktyfcsufrsm;

t&omjzpfygonf? w&m;&kH; vufpJGpmtkyfr[kwfyg?

1
todynmpmar;yJGtwGuf -udKwifjyifqifxm;&eftcsuftvufrsm;
todynmpmar;yJG twGuf oifodxm;oifhaomowif;tcsuftvuftm;vHk; &&Sdxm;
jyD;ygjyDvm;´atmufaz:jyygtcsuftvufrsm;u oifhtm;taxmuftuljyKygvdrfhrnf?

… rSwfykHwifu'f&SdjyD;oljzpf&rnf? (pmrsufeSm 3=5 udk}unfhyg)

… qdk&S,feHygwfod&rnf? (Social Security Number)
… pmar;yGJa-u; ay;&ef vHkavmufaomaiG&Sd&rnf? csufvufrSwf/ refeDatmf'g ydkufqH ESifhay;
aqmifEkdifygonf? (c&uf'pfu'f/'ufbpfu'fvufrcHyg)? yxr (2) -udrf pmar;yJGratmif
v#if/ wwd,t-udrf pmar;yGJa-u; ( 10 ) a':vm xyfay;aqmif&rnf?

touf 18 ESpfrjynfhao;oljzpfygu/
… touf 15ESpfjynfhjyD;oljzpf&rnf?
… ,mOfarmif;vdkifpifpmawG hoifwef; wufa&mufjyD;a-umif;vufrSwf (“Blue Card”) eSifh
vufawGh,mOfarmif;oifwef;tyfjyD; &rnf?
… rdb ( odk h) w&m;&kH;todtrSwfjyK tkyfxdrf;olrS cGifhjyKa-umif;/ av#mufv$mpm&GufY
vufrSwfa&;xdk;&rnf?

vufawG hpmar;yGJtwGuf-udKwifjyifqifjcif;/
vufawGh,mOfarmif;pmar;yGJtwGufowif;tcsuftvuftvHk;od&Sdxm;jyD;ygjyDvm;´
atmufaz:jyygtcsuftvufrsm;u oifhtm;taxmuftuljyKygvdrfhrnf?
… vufawGh ,mOfarmif;pmar;yGJtwGuf&ufcsdef;,ljyD;jzpf&rnf/
… oufwrf;rukefao;aom pgawG hatmifvufrSwftm; ppfaq;rnfholudkjyedkif&rnf/
… t&nftaoG;pHrDSaom,mOfjzifhom ajzqdkcGifhjyKrnf/
• um;wHcg;udk twGif;tjyifESpfzufpvHk;rSzGifhedkif&rnf/
• cg;ygwfrsm;aumif;pGmtvkyfvkyf&rnf/
• a&ShrD;-uD;/aemufrD;/b&dwfrD;/tcsufjyrD;rsm;tm;vHk;yHkrSeftvkyfvkyf&rnf/
• um;rSwfykHwif/um;eHygwfjym;/oufwrf;rukefaeap&/( odk hr[kwf ) 21
&ufarmif;ESifcGifhygrpf&Sd&rnf/
… oufwrf;&Sd ,mOftmrcHrl&if; jyekdif&rnf? (rdwfwlul;xm; aompm&Gufrjzpfap&)
… ,mOfarmif;vdkifpifa-u;/pmar;yGJa-u; ay;&ef vHkavmufaom aiG&Sd&rnf? csufvufrSwf/
refeDatmf'g/ydkufqH ESifhay;aqmifEkdifygonf? (c&uf'pfu'f/ 'ufbpfu'fvufrcHyg)?
yxr 2 -udrf pmar;yJG ratmifv#if/ wwd,t-udrfpmar;yGJa-u; 20 a':vm
xyfay;aqmif&rnf?

2
touf 18 ESpfrjynfhao;oljzpfygu/
… touf 16 ESpfjynfhjyD;oljzpf&rnf/
… ,mOfarmif;ynmoifwef;a-umif;wufa&mufjyD;a-umif;atmif vufrSwf (“White Card”)
jyEdkif&rnf/
… tarmif;oifygrpfukdvGefcJhaom (6)vrSm udkifaqmifcJhjyD;/ rl;&pfarmif;ESifjcif;/ ,mOfpD;
urf;csdK;azmufjcif;/ tp&Sdaom jypfrýwpHkw&mrS usL;vGefcJhjcif;r&Sdyg?
… tu,fI/vGefcJhaom (6)vtwGif;tjcm;jynfe,fwckckY,mOfarmif;cJhaom tawG ht-uHK
&Sdoljzpfygu/tqdkygjynfe,frS,mOfarmif;ESifol jzpfa-umif;/ oufaocHvufrSwf wifjy
edkifrS/ oifhtm; ,m,Darmif;ESifcGifh vdkifpif&&SdEdkifoljzpf/rjzpf pOf;pm;oHk;oyfay;rnf?
… oifhrdb(odk h)w&m;&kH;todtrSwfjyKtkyfxdrf;olrSoifonf/em&D (30)xufrsm;pGm
um;armif;zl; jyD; em&Daygif; (10) rSm ntcsdefYarmif;jcif;jzpfa-umif; oufaocH
vufrSwfa&;xdk;&rnf?

touf 18 ESpfjynfhjyD;oljzpfygu/
… tenf;qHk; 6 v tarmif;oifygrpf&Sdxm;oljzpf&rnf/

touf 19 ESpfjynfhjyD;oljzpfygu/
… tenf;qHk; 3 v tarmif;oifygrpf&Sdxm;oljzpf&rnf/

q,fausmfoufrsm;tay: pnf;urf;topfuef hoef hr+topfrsm;

rDeDpdk;xm;&Sd q,fausmfouf&G,f um;armif;oltrsm;pkonf/tawG ht-uHKenf;yg;jcif;/ ,mOfarmif;
pOfayghavsmhtaysmf-uL;jcif;/owfrSwft&SdefxufausmfvGefjyD;/ t&Sdefjyif; pGmarmif; ESifr+/ ,mOfarmif;
pOfcg;ygwfrwwfjcif;/ntcsdefum;armif;jcif;/ tp&Sdonfwdk ha-umifh ,mOfwdkufr+trsm;qHk;jzpfyGm;&
jcif;jzpfa-umif;avhvmawG h&Sd&ygonf? aoqHk;'g%f&m&rlavsmhenf;ap&ef &nf&G,fI Oya'topf
rsm;jyXgef;&ygonf? q,fausmfouf t&G,f um;armif;oltrsm; t&nf tcsif; wdk;wufvmap&ef
twGuf vdkifpifoufwef; yxrESpftwGif;wGif/ nt csdef ,mOfarmif; jcif;eSifh q,fausmfouf&G,f
rsm;twlvdkufygpD;eif;jcif;/ tp&Sdonfwdkhudkuef hoef h jcif;jzifh aoqHk;'g%f&m&rl avsmhenf;ap&ef
yhHydk;ay;Edkifygrnf?

ntcsdef,mOfarmif;jcif; uef hoef hcsufrsm;/ = -o*kwfv 1 &uf 2008

pwiftm%moufa&mufonf
vdkifpifoufwef;yxr ( 6 ) vtwGif;=
n oef;acgiftcsdef 12;00em&D rS eHeuf 5;00 em&D twGif;,mOfarmif;jcif;udk wm;jrpfonf?

jcGif;csuf? ? touf25ESpfjynfhjyD;vdkifpif&SdolwOD;OD;twlvdkufygaepOfaomf‚if;/ aetdrfESifh

tvkyfcGif t-um;/ aetdrfESifh ausmif;udpPwckck/ (ausmif;rSt-udKtydk hrpDpOfay;v#if)tvkyfESifh
3
oufqdkifaomudpPwckcka}umifhaomf‚if;/ntcsdef,mOfarmif;Edkifrnfjzpfonf? vdkifpifoufwef; (6)
jynfhjyD;v#ifvnf; ntcsdef,mOfarmif;EdkifjyDjzpfygonf?

twlvdkufygpD;eif;ol c&D;onf qdkif&m uef hoef hcsufrsm; = -o*kwfv 1 &uf 2008

pwiftm%moufa&mufonf
vdkifpifoufwef;yxr ( 6 ) vtwGif; = rdb (odk h) tkyfxdef;olwOD;OD;/ twlvdkufygpD;eif; jcif;r
&Sd cJhv#if touf (20 )atmuf c&D;onfwOD;xuf ydkjyD; vdkufygpD;eif;cGifhrjyK?
vdkifpifoufwef;'kwd, ( 6 ) vtwGif; = rdb (odk h) tkyfxdef;ol wOD;OD;/twlvdkufyg pD;eif;jcif;
r&SdcJhv#if touf (20)atmuf c&D;onf 3 OD;xuf ydkjyD; vdkufygpD;eif;cGifhrjyK?
jcGif;csuf? ? ouf ( 20 ) eSpfatmufc&D;onfonf/ ,mOfarmif;ol.rdom;pk0ifjzpfv#if vdkufyg
pD;eif;cGifh&Sdonf?

txufyg Oya'uef hoef hcsufrsm;onf -o*kwfv 1 &uf 2008ae hrwdkifrD vdkifpif&jyD;ol

q,fausmfouf t&G,f,mOfarmif;olrsm;ESifhvnf; tusHK;0ifygonf?
Oyrm? ?Zlvdkifv 1 &uf 2008 ckESpfwGif vdkifpif&aom q,fausmfoufonf
• ntcsdef,mOfarmif;r+uef hoef hcsuf rSm ( 5 )vjzpfonf/
(-o*kwfv 1 &uf 2008 rS Zefe0g&Dv 1 &uf 2009 txd )
• c&D;onfwOD;omvdkufygpD;eif;cGifhuef hoef hcsuf rSm ( 5 )vjzpfonf/
( -o*kwfv 1 &uf 2008 rS Zefe0g&Dv 1 &uf 2009 txd )
• c&D;onf(3 )OD; omvdkufygpD;eif;cGifhuef hoef hcsuf rSm ( 6 )vjzpfonf/
( Zefe0g&Dv 1 &uf 2008 rS Zlvdkifv 1 &uf 2009 )

4
 tcef; ( 1 )
oifh,mOfarmif; vdkifpif
rDeDpdk;xm,mOfarmif;vdkifpifrnfodk h&,lEdkifa-umif; tcsuftvufrsm;udk T tcef;wGif
az:jyxm;ygonf?
,mOfarmif;vdkifpif&,lyHk
rDeDpdk;xmjynfe,f&Sd/trsm;jynfoltoHk;jyKaeaomvrf;rsm;ESifhta0;ajy;vrf;r rsm;ay:wGif/ ,mOf
armif;ESifh olrnfolrqdk/w&m;0ifoufwef;&Sdvdkifpif udkifaqmifxm;ol jzpf&ygrnf?
tu,fI oifYtjcm;aomjynfe,f/EdkifiH wckckrS,mOfarmif;vdkifpifwckrS &,lcJhzl;jcif;r&Sdyg
u/ rDeDpdk;xmjynfe,f,mOfarmif;vdkifpif&,l&eftwGuf/a&;ajzpmar;yGJESifh tjriftm&kH ppfaq; jcif;
udkatmifjrifjyD;rS/ vufawG harmif;ESifr+ppfaq;jcif;udk vnf;atmifjrif&efvdktyfygonf?
tu,fI oif.rDeDpdk;xmjynfe,f,mOfarmif;vdkifpifrSm (1)ESpfxufausmfvGefjyD; oufwef;
ukefqHk; aejyD; (5 )ESpfrjynfhao;ygu/a&;ajzpmar;yGJESifh tjriftm&kH ppfaq;jcif;udk jyefvnf
ajzqdkatmif rifjyD;ygrS vdkifpiftopfudk jyefvnfav#mufxm;Edkifygonf?
tu,fI oifonf tar&duefjynfaxmifpktwGif;&Sdtjcm;jynfe,fwckck (odk h) uae'gedkifiH
rS rDeDpdk;xmjynfe,fodk hajymif;a&$ hvmoljzpfv#if/ a&;ajzpmar;yGJESifh tjriftm&kHppfaq;jcif;udkatmif
jrifjyD; ygu rDeDpdk;xm,mOfarmif;vdkifpif&,ledkifygonf? rDeDpdk;xmjynfe,fwGif pwifaexdkifjyD;&uf
aygif; (60) twGif; rDeDpdk;xm yHkrSefvdkifpif (odk h) ygrpfudk&,lEkdifygonf? pD;yGg;a&;qdkfif&m,mOf
armif; vdkifpifudkrl&ufaygif; 30 twGif; &,ledkifygonf? oifrSw&m;0ifoufwef;&Sdvdkifpif (odk h)
wpfESpfrjynfhao;aom oufwef;ukef vdkifpif ta[mif; (oif,cifaexdkifcJhaomjynfe,fvdkifpif)
udkwifjyedkif&ygrnf? tu,fIoifY armfawmfqdkifu,farmif;ESifcGifh&&Sdxm;oljzpfygu rDeDpdk;xm
jynfe,fpD;wHqdyfwHk;&,l&ef pmar;yGJajzqdkjyD;vdkifpifa-u;aiG ay;aqmif&efvdktyfygonf?
tar&duefjynfaxmifpktwGif;&Sdtjcm;jynfe,fwckck(odk h)uae'gedkifiHrS vGJI tjcm;edkifiH
wckckrS ,mOfarmif;vdkifpif&&Sdxm;olqdkv#ifvnf;/ oifonfrDeDpdk;xmjynfe,f ,mOfarmif;vdkifpif
&,l&ef twGuf/a&;ajzpmar;yGJESifh tjriftm&kH ppfaq;jcif;udkatmifjrifjyD;rS/ vuf awGharmif;ESifr+
ppfaq; jcif;udk vnf;atmifjrif&efvdktyfygonf? jynfol htoufvkHjcHKr+ xdrf;odrf; a&;Xge
(Department of Public Safety.) odk h oif.rSwfyHkwifu'f/ tjcm;aom,mOfarmif; vdkfifpif rsm;udk
wifjyEdkifjyD;rSom rDeDpdk;xmjynfe,f,mOfarmif;vdkifpifudk xkwfay;rnfjzpfonf?

rDeDpdk;xmjynfe,f,mOfarmif;vdkifpif rvdktyfolrsm;
atmufaz:jyygtcsufrsm;EsifhudkufnDv#if rDeDpdk;xm&dSvrf;rsm;ay:wGif rDeDpdk;xmjynfe,f ,mOf
armif;vdkifpifr&dSbJ ,mOfarmif;edkifonf.?
• touf (15 )ESpfjynfhjyD;oljzpfjyD; w&m;0if,mOfarmif;vdkifpifwckck (oifaexdkifaom
jynfe,f(odk h)edkifiHrS)&&Sdxm;jyD;oljzpf&rnf?
• tar&duefjynfaxmifpkjynfe,fwckck(odk h)uae'gedkifiH(odk h) tar&duefwyfrawmf rSxkwf
ay;xm;aom w&m;0ifvdkifpif&dSxm;jyD; rDeDpdk;xmjynfe,f wGifpwif tajccs aexdkifjyD;
&ufaygif; (60) twGif; rDeDpdk;xm yHkrSefvdkifpif (odk h ) ygrpf udk&,lEkdifygonf?

5
 • tar&duefjynfaxmifpktjcm;jynfe,fwckckrSk pD;yGg;a&;qdkfif&m ,mOfarmif;vdkifpif &&SdjyD;
olonf rDeDpdk;xmjynfe,fwGif pwiftajccs aexdkifjyD; &ufaygif; (30 ) twGif; rDeDpdk;xm
pD;yGg;a&; qdkfif&m ,mOfarmif;vdkifpif udk&,lEkdifygonf?
• oifonf tar&dueftpdk;&XgewckckrStvkyfcef hjcif;cH&jyD;/wm0eft& tar&dueftpdk;&
twGuf ( ppfa&;ESifhqdkifaom ) pD;yGg;qdkif&m ,mOfudkarmif;ESifedkifonf?
• oif rDeDpdk;xmjynfe,fYaexdkifolr[kwf/touf (18 )ESpfjynfhjyD;ol jzpfonf/oifhtrdedkifiHY
,mOfarmif;vdkifpif&Sd&efrvdk/ ,mOfrSwfyHkwifvnf; vkyf&efrvdk/ xdk,mOfjzifh rDeDpdk;xm; jynf
e,fwGifjyuQ'defESpfwESpf. &ufaygif; (90 ) xufrausmfvGefbJ w&m;0if armif;ESifcGifh&Sd
onf? rnfonfhvdkifpifESifhygrpfrSrvdktyfyg?
• v,f,muÀoHk; ,mOftrsdK;rdsK;eSifh v,fxGefpufudk trsm;jynfoloHk; vrf;ray: ,m,D
armif;ESifcGifh&Sdonf?
• oifonf ESif;cGJ,mOfudktoHk;jyK&onf? ESif;cGJ,mOftoHk;jyKjcif;ESifh Oya'qdkif&mtcsuf t
vufrsm;udk www.dnr.state.mn.us. tifwmeuf0bfqdkuf wGif avhvmedkifygonf?

vdkifpifr&edkifolrsm;
atmufaz:jyygolrsm;,mOfarmif;vdkifpif(odk h)ygrpf xkwfay;rnfr[kwfyg/
• ckdifvHkaomrSwfyHkwiftaxmuftxm;rwifjyEdkifaomol/
• ,mOfarmif;vdkifpifqdkif&mpmar;yGJ/ppfaq;r+rsm;udkratmifjrifol/jyD;jynfhpHkpGmrwufa&mufol/
• w&m;0ifvrf;trSwftom;/qdkif;bkwfrsm;ESifh jynfe,f,mOfpnf;urf;Oya' rsm;udk
rzgwfwwf/em;rvnfekdifolrsm;/
• touf (15 )ESpfrjynfhao;olrsm;/
• touf (18 )ESpfrjynfhao;ol/tjcm;jynfe,fwckckrSw&m;0ifvdkifpifr&Sdol/ ,mOfarmif;
ynm oifwef;udk jyD;jynfhpHkpGmwufa&mufjyD; a-umif;vufrSwf rwifjyEdkifol/
• touf (18 )ESpf ESifhatmuf&SdoljzpfjyD; tarmif;oifygrpf oufwrf;(6)vrjynfhol/
• touf (19)ESpfjynfhjyD;oljzpfjyD;/ tarmif;oifygrpfoufwrf;(3)v rjynfhol/
• oihfvdkifpiftm;,m,Dqdkif;iHhxm;jyD;/ vdkifpifjyefvnf&&dS&ef vdktyfaomjyifqifr+rsm;tm;vHk;/
rvkyf&ao;csdef/
• oifhvdkifpifzsufodrf;jcif;cH&jyD;/ vdkifpifjyefvnf&&dS&ef vdktyfaomjyifqifr+rsm;tm;vHk;/
rvkyf&ao;csdef/
• oifhvdkifpif,kwfoHk;cH&jcif;/
• w&m;&kH;awmfrS oiftm; pdwfydkif;qdkif&musef hcdkifr+r&Sd[ktrdef hxkwfjyefxm;jyD;jynfolhtouf
vkHjcHKr+xdrf;odrf;a&;Xge (Department of Public Safety) rSvnf; oiftm;,mOfarmif;vdkifpif
xkwfay;&ef roifhawmf[k qHk;jzwfcsufcsxm;jcif;/
• jynfol htoufvkHjcHKr+xdrf;odrf;a&;Xge(Department of Public Safety.) rS aumfr&Sifemrif;
-uD;rS/ oifonf udk,fcENmwckckcsdK h,Gif;aer+ (odk h)pdwfydkif;qdkif&mcsdK h,Gif;r+wckcka-umifh
,mOfarmif;vdkifpif xkwfay;&efroifhawmf[kqHk;jzwfcsufcsxm;jcif;/
6
 • jynfol htoufvkHjcHKr+xdrf;odrf;a&;Xge (Department of Public Safety.) aumfr&Sifemrif;
-uD;rS oifhtm; ,mOfarmif;vdkifpifxkwfay;jcif;jzifh trsm;jynfoltwGuf temw&,xdcdkuf
aoqHk;r+tEN&,f ydkrsm;Edkifa-umif;/ vHkavmufaom ta-umif;jycsuf &Sdaejcif;/

rSwfyHkwif taxmuftxm;,laqmifcJhyg
oihf trnftjynfhtpHk ESifh arG;ouU&mZf yg&Sdaom cdkifvHkonfhrSwfyHkwifudk wifjyedkifrS/ vdkifpifa&;
ajzESifhvufawG harmif;ESifppfaq;jcif;jyKedkifygrnf? vufawG htarmif;oifcGifhygrpf/ ,mOfarmif;
vdkifpifESifhjynfe,frSwfyHk wifav#mufxm;onfhtcsdefYvnf; cdkifvHkonfhrSwfyHkwifudkwifjyedkif&rnf
jzpfygonf?
rDeDpdk;xmjynfe,f.vufawG htarmif;oifcGifhygrpf/,mOfarmif;vdkifpifESifhjynfe,f rSwfyHkwif
av#mufxm;onfhtcsdefYatmufaz:jyygtaxmuftxm;wckck wifjyEdkif &rnfjzpfonf?
• vuf&Sd rDeDpdk;xm ,mOfarmif;vdkifpif/rSwfyHkwifu'f/(odk h)tarmif;oifcGifhygrpf/
• oif."gwfyHkyg&SdjyD; oufwef;ukefqHk;aeonfrSm(5) ESpfrausmfao;onfh rDeDpdk;xm ,mOf
armif;vdkifpif/rSwfyHkwifu'f/(odk h)tarmif;oifcGifh ygrpf/
• oif."gwfyHkryg&SdbJ oufwef;rukefao; (odk h )oufwef;ukefqHk;aeonfrSm 1 ESpfrausmf
ao;onfh rDeDpdk;xm ,mOfarmif;vdkifpif/rSwfyHkwifu'f/(odk h)tarmif;oifcGifh ygrpf/

txufaz:jyyg taxmuftxm; wckckrwifjyEdkifcJhv#if/ t"durl&if;oufaocHpm&Gufpmwrf;ESifh

taxmuftuljyKyHhydk; oufaocHpm&Gufpmwrf;taxmuftxm; rsm;wifjyEdkif&rnf? t"durl&if;
oufaocH pm&Gufpmwrf;wGifoihftrnftjynfhtpHk ESifh arG;ouU&mZf yg&Sd&rnf? xdk pm&Gufpmwrf;
onf t*F vdyfbmomESifhr[kwfcJhv#if t&nftaoG;rD t*Fvdyfbmomodk hjyefqdk&rnf?
xkdpm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;onf &Sif;vif;jywfom;&rnf/ jyifqifxm;r+rsm;awG h&Sdygu vufrcHyg?
tu,fI oifonftar&duefjynfaxmifpkwGif ,m,Daexdkifoljzpfygu/tar&duefjynfaxmifpkodkh
w&m;0if 0ifa&mufaexdkifcsif;jzpfa-umif; oufaotaxmuftxm;wifjyEdkif&rnf/ ( I-20, DS-
2019,I-797 ) tp&dSaom pm&Gufpmwrf; wckck(odk h) vl0ifrl-uD;-uyfa&;XgerSxkwfay;xm; aom
pm&Gufpmwrf;/vufcHjzwfydkif; wckckwifjyedkif&rnf?

t"durl&if;oufaocHtaxmuftxm;/pm&Gufpmwrf;qdkonfrSm=
• tar&dueftpdk;& (udkvHbD,mwdkif;/*ltHuGsef;/yGgwdk&DudkESifhtar&duef Ag*sifuGsef;/ tyg t0if)
ta&;-uD;pm&if;tif;AsL&kdXge(odk h )usef;rma&;XgerSxkwfay;aom w&m;0ifarG; pm&if;/
(aq;&kHrSxkwfay;aomarG;pm&if;vufrcHyg)
• tar&duefedkifiHjcm;a&;0ef-uD;XgerSxkwfay;aom/jynfyEdkifiHwckckwGif arG;zGm;a-umif; t
axmuftxm;pm&Gufpmwrf;/ (FS-545 or DS-1350).
• tar&duefoH&kH;wckckrSxkwfay;aom/jynfyEdkifiHwckckwGifarG;zGm;aom tar&duef EdkifiHom;
jzpfa-umif;taxmuftxm;pm&Gufpm;wrf;/ (FS-240).
• tar&duefw&m;&kH;wckckrSxkwfay;aom arG;pm;jcif;qdkif&m taxmuftxm;pm&Gufpmwrf;/
• w&m;0if/oufwrf;rukefao;aomtar&duefEdkifiHul;vufrSwf/

7
 • oufwrf;&dS ppfr+xrf;ouf/ t&Hppfr+xrf;ouf(odk h)ppfr+xrf;a[mif; rSwfykHwifu'f/(DD-2 or
Geneva Convention Common Access Card).
• rDeDpdk;xmwdkif;&if;om;tpdk;&rSxkwfay;jyD;tar&duefjynfaxmifpk/jynfxJa&;0ef -uD;Xge/
tif'D;&ef;vlrsdK;a&;&mAsdK&kd/rS todtrSwfjyKaom awmifay:wdkif;&if;om;rSwfyHkwifu'f?
(tqdkygrSwfyHkwifu'fY/w&m;0iftrnf/arG;ouU&mZf/udkifaqmifol.vufrSwfESifh"gwfykH/ESifhrD
eDpdk;xm enf;Oya' ( 171.072.)qdkif&m/ vHkjcHKa&;qdkif&mtrSwftom; yg&Sd&rnf?)
• tar&duefjynfaxmifpkrSwyg;/tjcm;edkifiHwckck.oufwrf;rukefao;aom/EdkifiHul;vuf rSwf
ESifhwuG/oufwrf;rukefao;aom I-551 wHqdyfwkH;/(odk h) I-94 azmif/
• uae'gedkifiHarG;pg&if;(odk h)umuG,faq;xdk;jyD;a-umif;aq;vufrSwfESifhwuG/ oufwrf;&Sd I-
94 azmif/ ( uae'gedkifiHtpdk;&at*sifpDwckckrS xkwfay;aom"gwfykHygvufrSwf )
• tar&duefjynfaxmifpkw&m;a&;0ef-uD;Xge(odk h)jynfwGif;vHkjcHKa&;&m 0ef-uD;XgerS xkwfay;
aom/w&m;0if/oufwrf;&Sdatmufaz:jyygtaxmuftxm;wckck/
‚ "gwfykHygtvkyftrm;vufrSwf(I-688 or I-766 series)
‚ tjrJwrf;aexdkifcGifhu'f(odk h)edkifiHjcm;om;u'f(I-551 or I-151)
‚ edkifiHwGif;jyefvnf0ifa&mufcGifhygrpf/(odk h)'kuQonfc&D;oGm;pm&Gufpmwrf; (I-327, I-571)
‚ edkifiHom;tjzpfcH,la}umif;vufrSwf/(N-550, N-570, or N-578)
‚ EdkifiHom;vufrSwf/(N-560, N-561, or N-645)
‚ tar&duefEdkifiHom;rSwfyHkwif?(I-179 or I-197)
‚ ajrmufydkif;rm&D,memu'f(I-873)
‚ tar&duef tif'D;&ef; u'f(I-872)

taxmuftuljyKyHhydk; oufaocHpm&Gufpmwrf;taxmuftxm;qdkonfrSm/
• tjcm;aomt"dupm&Gufpmwrf;wckck/
• "gwfykHyg,mOfarmif;vdkifpif/jynfe,frSwfyHkwifu'f/tjcm;aom tar&duefjynfe,f (udkvH
bD,mwdkif;/*ltHuGsef;/yGgwdk&DudkESifhtar&duef Ag*sifuGsef;)rS xkwfay;xm; aom ygrpfwckck/
(odk h) uae'gydkife,fwckckrSxkwfay;xm;aomoufwrf;&Sd (odk h)oufwrf; ukefaeonfrSm
(5)ESpf rausmfao;jcif;/
• tar&duefjynfaxmifpkqdk&S,fu'f (odk h)uae'gedkifiHqdk&S,fu'f/
• tar&duefjynfaxmifpkrSvGJI (udkvHbD,mwdkif;/*ltHuGsef;/yGgwdk&DudkESifh tar&duef Ag*sif
uGsef;wdkhtygt0if) a'oqdkif&mtm%mydkiftzGJ htpnf;rS xkwfay;aom arG;pm&if;?
• tpdk;&todtrSwfjyK vufxyfpmcsKyf
• toifhtrnftjynfhtpHkESifharG;ouU&mZfygaom tar&duefjynfaxmifpk (odk h)uae'gEdkifiH
w&m;&Hk;wckck.trdef hpm/
• toifhtrnftjynfhtpHkESifharG;ouU&mZfygaom ausmif;rSwfwrf;axmufcHpmwckck/
• oifhtrnftjynfhtpHk/arG;ouU&mZfESifh"gwfykHyg/( 7wef;=12wef;)vuf&Sdtv,fwef;ausmif;
om;u'f (odk h)v$Jajymif;cGifhr&Sdaom ausmif;om;rSwfyHkwifeHygwf/

8
 • tar&duefjynfaxmifpk(odk h)uae'gedifiHqdkif&m "gwfykHyg tpdk;&0efxrf; u'f
• tar&duefjynfaxmifpkwyfrawmfrSxkwfay;xm;aomvuf&Sd rSwfyHkwifu'f (DD-1173 or DD-
214).
• tar&duefjynfaxmifpk&JXge(odk h)jrdK he,fOya'pkd;rdk;a&;t&m&Sd/XgerSxkwfay;xm;aom ouf
wrf;&Sd a&mifpHk"gwfykHyg/ vufeufudkifaqmifcGifhygrpf/
• jynfe,fava-umif;qdkif&mn$ef-um;r+OD;pD;XgerSxkwfay;aom/ av,mOfarmif;vdkifpif/
pm&Gufpmwrf;twkrsm;awG h&Sdyguodrf;qnf;jcif;cH&rnf?

trnfajymif;cJhzl;v#if=
oifhtrnfudk vufxyfxdrf;jrm;r+a-umifhaomfvnf;aumif;/vifr,m;uGm&Sif;jywfpJr+a-umifhaomf
vnf;aumif;/ w&m;&Hk;trdef hpmt&aomfvnf;aumif;/ w&m;0ifajymif;cJhzl;v#if/xdkodkhtrnf ajymif;
cJhzl;a-umif; oufaotaxmuftxm; wifjyEdkif&rnf? vufxyfxdrf;jrm;pmcsKyf trnfajymif;
a-umif; w&m;&Hk;trdef hpm(odk h) vifr,m;uGm&Sif;jywfpJa-umif; w&m;&Hk;trdefhpm (odk h) vufxyf
xdrf;jrm;r+&yfpJa-umif; oufaotaxmuftxm; wifjyEdkif&rnf? wpf-udrfxuf ydkjyD;trnfajymif;
cJhzl;v#if ajymif;cJhzl;onfht-udrfwdkif;.taxmuftxm; wifjyEdkif&rnf?

bmomjyef pm&Gufpmwrf;/oufaotaxmuftxm;rsm;
t*Fvdyfbmomjzifhr[kwfaom pm&Gufpmwrf;tm;vHk;udk t*Fvdyfbmomodk hjyefqdkjyD;/ rl&if;eSifhyl;wGJ
wifjy&rnf? xdkodkhbmomjyefxm;r+onf wdusrSefuefa-umif;/todtrSwfjyKaxmufcHpmyg&Sd&rnf?
erlembmomjyefwdusrSefuefa-umif;/ todtrSwfjyKaxmufcHpmudk www.mndriveinfo.org 0bfqdkuf
vdkifpifpmar;ppfyGJXgeESifhvkdifpif&Hk;wdk hwGif &,lEdkifygonf? bmomjyefqdkolonf oif. aoG;om;
t&if;(odk h) aqGrsdK;awmfpyfolrjzpfap&bJ atmufaz:jyygta-umif;tcsufwckckjzifh
udkufnDoljzpf&rnf?
• tar&duefbmomjyeftoif;-uD;rS todtrSwfjyKol?
• w&m;&Hk;wckckrS todtrSwfjyKol/
• EdkifiHjcm;&Sd/tar&duefoH&kH;wckck/oHr+;/oHt&m&Sd/aumifppf0efrStodtrSwfjy kol/
• tar&duefjynfwGif;vHkjcH ka&;Xge/EdkifiHom;ESifhvl0ifr+-uD;-uyfa&;Xge-uD;(odk h)tar&duef
tpdk;&tm%mydkiftzGJ hwckck. todtrSwfjyK/axmufcHol/
• tar&duefEdkifiHtwGif;&Sd vdkifpif& tr+vdkufa&Shae (odk h) tr+vdkufa&Shaeenf;wl todt
rSwfjyKcHxm;&ol/
• rDeDpdk;xmjynfe,f. bmomjyef0efaqmifr+vkyfief;vdkifpif&Sdxm;aomqdkif/

qdk&S,feHygwf Social Security number (SSN)

rDeDpdk;xmjynfe,f ,mOfESifh,mOfarmif;vdkifpif av#mufxm;olwdkif;/rdrdwdk h. qdk&S,feHygwf/ wifjy
Edkif&rnf? qdk&S,feHygwf/r&&Sdao;olonf/ av#mufv$mpm&GufwGifaz:jy&rnf? oif.qdk&S,feHygwf
onf udk,fydkiftcsuftvufwckjzpfjyD;/vdkifpif&kH;.pHepftwGif;okdrSD;xm;rnfjzpfjyD; Oya't& wm
0ef&Sdolom -unfh&+cGifh&Sdonf? oif.qdk&S,feHygwfudk ,mOfarmif;vdkifpifESifh rSwfykHwiftwGif; &dkuf
ESdyfaz:jyxm;rnfr[kwf?
9
pmawG hppfaq;jcif;
jynfe,ftESH h&Sd,mOfarmif;vdkifpifpmar;yGJXgewdkif;wGif pmawG hppfaq;jcif; cH,ledkifonf? rDeDpdk;xm
,mOfESifhvrf;pnf;urf;/qdkif;bkwftrSwftom;rsm;udk oifrnfr#od&Sdem;vnfjyD;a-umif; ppfaq;jcif;
jzpfjyD;/ ar;cGef;yHkpHrSm tajzrSefa&G;jcif;ESifh trSm;trSefjcpfjcif;omjzpfonf? pmawG h ppfaq;jcif;udk
puULay:Y a&;ajzjcif;jzifhaomf‚if;/ uGefjyLwmjzifh aomf‚if; ajzqdkedifygonf? uGefjyLwmjzifh ajzqdk
&mwGift*Fvdyfbmomjzifhjzpfap/tjcm;aombmomwrsdK; rsdK;jzifhjzpfapa&G;cs,fajzqdkedkifonf? ar;
cGef;rsm;udkem;jzifh-um;vdkI/ oifvdktyfonf[kxifv#if/ em;-uyf ( Headphones ) udkawmif;qdk
edkifonf? wpf&ufwpf-udrfompmawG hajz qdkcGifh&Sd jyD;/atmifrSwfrSm trSwfaygif;. &mcdkifE+H; 80 μ
&&Sd&rnf?
pmar;yJGajzqdkcGifh&&ef oif.rSwfyHkwifudk jy&rnfjzpfonf? oifonf/ touf 18 eSpfatmuf jzpfyg
u/ cGifhjyKxm;aom ,mOfarmif; oifwef;ausmif;Y oifwef;tyfxm;jyD;pmawGhydkif;qdkif&mudkoif}um;
jyD;pD;jyD;/ vufawGh,mOfarmif; oifwef; twGufoifwef;tyfjyD;a}umif;vufrSwf (Blue Card) udk
wifjy&rnf? touf 18 eSpftxufjzpfygu/ pmawGhoif;wef;wuf&efrvdk? tdrfrSoif}um;jcif;eSifh
ywfoufI pnf;rsOf;rsm;twGuf www.mndriveinfo.org Yavhvmyg? yxr 2 }udrf pmawGhpmar;
yJGratmifv#if/ wwd,ESifh aemuft}udrfrsm;twGuf pmar;yGJa-u; 10 a':vmpD xyfay;&rnf?

tjriftm&kH (rsufpd) ppfaq;jcif;

,mOfarmif;vdkifpif(odk h)tarmif;oifygrpf(odk h) vdkifpifoufwrf;wdk;jcif;/ tp&Sdonfwdk h av#muf
xm; onfhtcg/oifhtm;rsufpd(tjriftm&kH)ppfaq;&ef vdktyfygonf/oif.rsufpdtjrif tm&kHrSm
tajccH vdktyfcsuf&dSr&Sdudkomppfaq;jcif;jzpfjyD;/ oifhusef;rma&;ppfaq;jcif;r[kkwfyg/ oifhrsufpd
tjriftm&kH.yHkrSefjrifedkifpGrf;rSm 20§40 &dS&rnfjzpfjyD; omref tem;pGef;tjriftm&kHvdktyfcsufrSm
tenf;qHk; 105 'D*&D &dS&rnfjzpfonf?
tu,fI oif.omref tem;pGef;tjriftm&kHrSm 105 'D*&D xufavsmhenf;cJhjyD;tjriftm&Hkppf
aq;jcif;vnf;ratmifjrifcJhv#ifoifonfrsufpdq&m0efESifhawG hjyD; tqdkygrsufpdq&m0ef. ppfaq;
csufpm&Gufudk ,mOfESifh,mOfarmif;vdkifpif&kH;&Sd (Driver and Vehicle Services Driver Evaluation
Unit.) odk hjyefwifjy&rnf? oifhrsufpdq&m0ef.rSwfcsufudk jyefvnfoHk;oyfjyD;rS/ oifonfvHkjcH k
pdwfcspGm,mOfarmif;edifol[kwfr[kwf/(odk h)tjcm;uefhoefhcsufrsm;xm;&Sd oifhroifh pOf;pmqHk;
jzwfay;rnf/

vufawG harmif;ESifr+ppfaq;jcif;
vufawG harmif;ESifr+ppfaq;jcif;Yoifarmif;ESifrnfh,mOf&Sdu&d,mrsm;jynfhpHkvHkjcHKr+&Sd/r&Sd/ ,mOf
armif;ta&tcsif;ESifh ,mOfxdrf;odrf;Edkifr+pGrf;&nfwdk hudkppfaq;rnfjzpfonf? ,mOfpnf;urf;/ vrf;
pnf;urf;rsm; em;vnfr+ESifh omrmefvrf;ray:tajctaewGif oif.,mOfudktEN&,fuif;pGm/ vHkjcHK
pdwfcspGm xdrf;odrf; armif;ESifedkifr+&Sd/r&Sdwdkhudkppfaq;rnfjzpfonf? -uHKawG h vmEdkifonfh tEN&,fudk
oifrnfr# owdrltav;xm;jyD; oifhwHk hjyefr+tay:wGif ppfaq;olrS oHk;oyfrnf? vrf;qHkvrf;cGrsm;/
,mOfvrf; a-umajymif;onfhtcgrsm;ESif tjcm;aomtcsdefwdkhwGifoif.tuJcyf/ cGJjcm;oHk;oyf/ qHk;
zwfedkif r+pGrf;&nfwdk hudkvnf;ppfaq;oluoHk;oyfrnf? vufawG harmif;ESifr+ppfaq; aepOftcsdef Y/
ppfaq;olu/oifhtm;/ w&m;r0ifaomtr+t&mn$ef-um;csufrsm;vHk;0jyKvkyfvdrfhrnfr[kwf?

10
 oifonf,mOfarmif;ESif&eft&nftcsif;tm;vHk;jynfhpHkjyD;/vdktyfcsufrsm;vJ&SdaejyD;qdkv#if/ vuf
awGh armif;ESifr+ppfaq;jcif;cH,l&ef tqifoifhjzpfayjyD? vufawG harmif;ESifr+ppfaq;jcif;cH,l&ef
&uf csdef; -udKwif,l&efvdkygonf? 0bfqdkuf www.mndriveinfo.org (odk h) (in the seven county
metro area) w,fvDzkef;eHygwf 651=284=1000 odk hqufoG,f jyD;&ufcsdef;&,lyg?
vufawG harmif;ESifr+ppfaq;jcif;cH,l&efoufwrf;&Sdtarmif;oifygrpfESifhtmrcHay:vpDrl&if;
u'fwif jy&rnf? ppfaq;r+twGuf oifhudk,fydkifpDpOfvmaom,mOfjzifhomppfaq;rnf? &yfuGuft
wGif;oHk;/ v#yfppftm;oHk;,mOfrsm; (NEVs) cGifhrjyK? t&nftaoG;pHrDSaom,mOfjzifhomajz qdkcGifh jyK
rnf? um;wHcg;udk twGif;tjyifESpfzufpvHk;rSzGifhedkif&rnf? cg;ygwfrsm;aumif;pGmtvkyfvkyf&rnf?
a&ShrD;-uD;/ aemufrD;/ b&dwfrD;/ tcsufjyrD;rsm;tm;vHk;yHkrSeftvkyfvkyf&rnf? oifh,mOf (odkh)t
armif; oifygrpfY uef howfcsufrsm;a-umifh&Sdae&rnfh tjcm;aomu&d,mrsm;tm;vHk;vnf; yHkrSeft
vkyfvkyfae&rnf?
ppfaq;aepOfaq;vdyfraomuf&? ppfaq;oloifh,mOftwGif;r0ifa&mufrD/ oifh,mOftwGif;
Y aq;vdyfrD;cdk;rsm;&Sdraeap&? tu,fIoifonf touf (18) eSpfatmufjzpfygu/ ,mOfarmif;
oifwef;ausmif;wufa&mufjyD;pD;jyD; ,mOfarmif;EdkifcGifh&Sdoljzpfa-umif;vufrSwf/ white card udkwif
jyEdkif&rnf?
ppfaq;r+cH,laepOftcsdeftwGif; ppfaq;ol rSwyg;tjcm;aomc&D;onf&Sdraeap&? tjcm;
aomc&D;onfqdkonfrSm/ tdrfarG;wd&dpm>ef/ cav;oli,f/pum;jyef ponfwdk hudkqdkvdkonf? jyKwf-u
uGJ&SedkifjyD;tEN&,fjzpfEdkifaomypPnf;rsm; ,mOfay:wGif &Sdraeap&? vufawG harmif;ESifr+ppfaq;jcif;
yxr (2 )-udrfratmifjrifcJhv#if/wwd,ESifh aemufydkif;t-udrfppfaq;r+rsm;twGuf a':vm (20 )
pDay; aqmif&rnf?

,mOfcdkifcHhr+ppfaq;jcif;
vufawG harmif;ESifr+ppfaq;jcif;rprD/ toHk;jyKrnfh,mOfYr&dSrjzpfvdktyfaomu&d,mrsm;tm;vHk;
tEN&,fuif;pGmESifhyHkrSeftvkyfvkyfaea}umif;jyoedkif&rnf? oif.,OftmrcHudkvJwifjyEdkif&rnf?
atmufaz:jyygta-umif;tcsufrsm;udk ppfaq;olrSawmif;qdkv#if wifjyEdkif&rnf?
• tmrcHrl&if; ( rdwWLESifhtifwmeufrSul;,lxm;jcif;vufrcHyg)
• xdkifcHkndSjcif;
• xdkifcHk cg;ygwf
• ta&;ay:b&dwf( ,mOf&yfem;xm;pOfoHk;onfhvufb&dwf)
• a&hSrD;-uD; ( tm;tjrifh/tm;tedrfh)
• ta&;ay:tcsufjyrD;( rdSwfwkwfrdSwfwkwf rD;av;vHk;)
• um;[Gef;
• avumrSefa&okwfwH
• avumrSefa&cJaysmftylay;cvkyf
• aemuf-unfhrSefrsm;/
txufaz:jyygpm&if;onf/Oya't&vdktyfaomu&d,mrsm;tm;vHk;yg0ifjcif;r&Sdyg?
tu,fItxufaz:jyyg tEN&,fuif;vHkjcHKr+ppfaq;jcif;rsm;ratmifjrifcJhv#ifvufawG harmif;
ESifr+ppfaq;jcif; qufvufvkyfaqmifrnfr[kwfyg?
11
,mOffxdrf;odrf;Edkifr+pGrf;&nf ESifh ,mOfarmif;t&nftcsif;
vufawG harmif;ESifr+ppfaq;cdsefwGif/ atmufygtcsufrsm;ay:wGifppfaq;oGm;rnfjzpfonf?
• ,mOfxdrf;odrf;Edkifr+
• tcsm;,mOfrsm;eSifh,SOfjyD; ta&ShtaemuftjydKif &yfem;Edkifr+
• awmifwufukef;ajrae&mwGif,mOf&yfem;edkifr+
• vrf;rESifh,mOfa-umtajctae/tcsufjyrD;ESifhqdkif;bkwfrsm;/trSwftom;rsm;/ tay:*&kxm;
wHk hjyefr+/(b,fauG h/nmauG h)tcsufjyrD;ESifhvuf[efjyjcif;wkd hudkrSefuefpGm jyedkifr+/
• ,mOfa-umydkif;jcif;xm;aompnf;rsOf;&Sdonfjzpfap/r&Sdonfjzpfap/rSefuefaom,mOfa-um
twGif;Y omtoHk;jyKedkifr+pGrf;&nf/
• vrf;jzwful;olrsm;ESifhtjcm;,mOfarmif;aeolrsm;tay:*&kpdkufjcif;/ tav;xm;jcif;/
• aemufjyef 90'D*&D aemufqkwfarmif;edkifr+/ (10aytus,f&Sdaomvrf; (odk h)
,mOf&yfem; &efae&modk harmif;jyEdkif&rnf/)
atmufaz:jyygtcsufrsm;onf oif.vufawG harmif;ESifr+pmar;yJGudk csufjcif; us&+H;apedkifonf?
• ,mOfpnf;urf;/vrf;pnf;urf;csdK;azmufjcif;/
• tEN&,f&Sdaom/ayghavsmhaom/owdrxm;aom/tp&SdaomtjyKtrl rsm;a-umifh,mOf
wdkufcdkufr+jzpfapEdkifjcif;/
• ppfaq;ol.tultnDrygbJ/oifudk,fwdkif,mOfudkqufvufarmif;ESifedkifr+ r&Sdawmhjcif;/
• oifhtrSm;a-umifhr[kwfaomfvnf;bJ/,mOfwdkufcdkufr+rjzpfcJhatmifa&Smifwdrf;Edkifygv#uf/
,mOfwdkufcdkufr+jzpfcJhjcif;/
• ppfaq;ol.ajymqdkcsufudkrvdkufemjcif;/jiif;qdkjcif;/twlyl;wGJaqmif&Guf&efysufuGufjcif;
vufawG harmif;ESifr+ppfaq;jcif;us&+H;cJhv#if/'kwd,t-udrfppfaq;r+cH,l&ef/ tcsdefvHkavmufpGm
,ljyD;jyefvnfavhusifhyg? oifjyefvnfavhusifh&efvdktyf csdefowfrSwfay;rnfjzpfjyD; jyKjyif&ef
vdktyfonfrsm;tm;vHk; jyefavhusifhxm;yg? vufawG harmif;ESifr+ppfaq;jcif; (4) -udrfus&+H;cJhv#if
vdkifpif&oifwef;q&mESifh teJqHk;(6)em&Djyefvnftarmif;oifjyD;rS vufawG harmif;ESif r+ppfaq;
jcif; jyefvkyfEdkifonf?
vufawG harmif;ESifr+ppfaq;jcif; atmifjrifjyD;v#if/rDeDpdk;xm,mOfarmif;vdkifpifav#mufxm;edkifjyD
jzpfonf? tu,fIoifonf touf (18) ESpfatmufjzpfygu/ oifhrdb/tkyfxdrf;olrS cGifhjyK csuf
vufrSwfjzifhav#mufxm;edkifonf? pmwdkufrSoif.,mOfarmif;vdkifpifu'fr&&SdrD tcsdeftwGif;/
oif.vuf awG harmif;ESifr+ppfaq;jcif; atmifjrifjyD;a-umif;vufrSwfESifhav#mufv$mvufcH jzwf
ydkif;wdk hjzifh oif,mOfarmif;EdkifjyDjzpfonf?

usef;rma&;tajctae
tarmif;oifygrpfESifh,mOfaarmif;vkdifpifav#mufv$mwGif/oifhusef;rma&;qdkif&m ar;cGef;rsm;
yg&Sdygonf?rrSefruefajzqdkxm;a-umif;awG h&Sdygu oif.,mOfarmif;ESif cGifhvdkifpif qHk;&+H;
rnfjzpfygonf?

12
oifYusef;rma&;qdkif&mcGswf&Gif;r+wckck&Sdygu/oifonftEN&,fuif;pGm/,mOfarmif;Edkifol[kwf/
r[kwf oif.q&m0efrS rSwfcsufay;&efvdktyfonf?
oifonftarmif;oifygppf(odk h) ,mOfarmif;vdkifpif&&SdjyD;rS/oifYqD;csdKa&m*g/(tifqlvifaq;yHk
rSefxdk;ae&v#if)/ twufa&m*g/(odk h) owdvpfwwfaoma&m*g ponfjzifh awG h&Sd cHpm;cJh&v#if/
tqdkyga&m*ga0'em&Sdaea-umif;od&SdjyD;ae hrSpjyD; &ufaygif; (30)twGif; tqdkyga&m*ga0'em
wrsdK;rsdK;cHpm;ae&oljzpfa-umif; oifhq&m0efxHrSrSwfcsufwifjyay;&rnf?
tqdkygq&m0efrSwfcsufY/oifonftEN&,fuif;pGm/,mOfarmif;Edkifol[kwf/r[kwf azmfjyyg &Sd&rnf?
oif.q&m0ef rSwfcsufudk ( Driver and Vehicles Services Driver Evaluation Unit, 445 Minnesota Street,
Suite 170, St. Paul, Minnesota 55101-5170.) ay;ydk h&rnf (odk h)w,fvDzkef;eHygwf (651-296-2025) odk h
qufoG,f&efvdktyfonf?

touf 18 ESpfatmufrsm;twGuf rdb axmufcHcsuf

oifonf touf (18 ) ESpfatmufjzpfv#if/tarmif;oifygrpf (odk h) ,mOfarmif;vdkifpifav#muf
xm;&ef/rdb(odk h) w&m;&Hk;todtrSwfjyK/tkyfxdrf;ol.axmufcH csufvdktyfonf? tu,fI oif
.rdbrsm;uGm&Sif;jywfpJxm;v#if/oifhtm;xdrf;odrf;apmifhav#mufcGifh&&Sdxm;aom rdcif/ zcif/ (odk h)
rdaxG;/zaxG; wdk hrS axmufcHcsufjyKedkifonf?
tu,fI oifYrdbESpfyg; pvHk;ESifhtkyfxdrf;olwdk houf&Sifv#ufr&Sdawmhv#ifaomfvnf;aumif;/
oifonftdrfaxmif&dSjyD; w&m;0ifrdbtkyfxdrf;r+atmufrSvGwfajrmufjyD;v#ifaomfvnf;aumif;/
touf (18 )ESpfjynfhjyD;ol/oif.aqGrsdK;&if;csm (odk h)tvkyf&Sif (odk h) tdrfaxmifzuf/tp&Sdol
wOD;OD;u axmufcHcsuf a&;xdk;Edkifonf?
tu,fI/oifonf/ynma&;qdkif&myl;aygif;zvnfr+tpDtpOft&/EdkifiHjcm; ausmif;om;wpfOD;
jzpfygu/ oifhtm;taxmuftyhHay;olrS axmufcHcsufjyKvkyfcGifhr&Sdyg? oiftm;av#mufv$m
ESpfapmifxkwfay;rnfjzpfjyD;/ oifhrdb.vufrSwf awmif;,l&rnf? wpfapmifrSm tarmif;
oifygrpftwGufjzpfjyD;/ 'kwd,wpfapmifrSm ,m,D,mOfarmif;vdkifpiftwGufjzpfonf?

GDL pHepf
rDedDpdk;xmjynfe,fYtqifhjrifh,mOfarmif;vdkifpifpHepf (GDL) wpfck&Sdonf? &nf&G,fcsufrSm/ tawG h
t-uHKenf;yg;olrsm; ,mOfarmif;ESifr+enf;yg;ap&eftwGufjzpfonf? GDL pHepft&/ touf(18)ESpf
ESifh (18)ESpfatmuf &Sdolrsm;onf tarmif;oifygrpfteJqHk;(6)vudkifaqmifxm;jyD;rS/ vufawG h
armif;ESifr+ppfaq;jcif;cH,ledkifonf? vufawG harmif;ESifr+ppfaq;jcif; atmifjrifjyD;v#if/ ,mOf
armif; vdkifpifav#mufxm;EkdifjyDjzpfonf?

tarmif;oifygrpf
,mOfarmif;vdkifpif&,l&ef yxrOD;qHk; tarmif;oifygrpf&&Sdxm;&rnfjzpfonf? tarmif;oifygrpf
onf (2)ESpfoufwef;&SdjyD;/ ,mOfarmif;oif,laepOftcsdefwGifvdkifpif&Sdxm;jyD;olwpfOD;u/ um;a&Sh
xdkifcHkoifheHab;wGifvdkufygay;&rnf? oufwrf;ukefaeaom tarmif;oifygrpfeSifh ,mOfarmif; oif
jcif;onf w&m; Oya'ESifhrnDyg? tarmif;oifaepOftarmif;oifygrpfonf oifESifhtwl&dSae&rnf?

13
touf ( 18 ) ESpfatmuf &Sdolrsm;
tu,fI oifonf touf (18)ESpfatmufjzpfygu/ tarmif;oifay;olonf/ touf (21) jynfhjyD;
oljzpf&rnf? ,mOfarmif;aepOf/ tjcm; touf(18)ESpfatmufjzpfolrsm;tm;vHk; cg;ygwfygwfxm;&
rnf? (odk h)cav;xdkifcHkudktoHk;jyK&rnf? q,fvlvmzHk; vHk;0rajym& (em;usyfjzifh vJtoHk;rjyK&)?

touf (18)ESpf ESifh txuf&Sdolrsm;

tu,fI oifonf touf (18)ESpfjynfhjyD;oljzpfygu/ tarmif;oifay;olonftouf(18)jynfh
jyD;oljzpf&rnf? ,mOfarmif;aepOf/ um;a&Shcef;wGifvdkufygpD;eif;olESifhtjcm;ouf(11)ESpfatmuff
jzpfol rsm;tm;vHk; cg;ygwfygwfxm;&rnf? (odk h)cav;xdkifcHkudk toHk;jyK&rnf?
tarmif;oifygrpf&&Sd&efvdktyfaomt&nftcsif;rsm;rSm=
• touf (15)jynfhjyD;oljzpf&rnf/
• pmoifcef;twGif;em&D (30 ) oifcef;pmwufa&mufoif,ljyD;tarmif;oifcGifhtwGuf
pm&if;ay;oGif;jyD;jzpf&rnf? (touf (18)ESpfjynfhjyD;olrsm;rvdktyfyg/)
• rSwfyHkwifjcif;eSifhqdkif&m vdktyfcsufrsm;tm;vHk;waoGrwdrf;vdkufemaqmif&Guf&rnf?
• rsufpdtjriftm&kHppfaq;r+eSifh todynmppfaq;r+ atmifjrif&rnf?
• vdkifpifav#mufv$mjynfhpHkpGma&;jznfhjyD;/tarmif;oifygrpfa-u;aiG ay;oGif;yg?

txufaz:jyygtcsufrsm;tm;vHk;jynfhpkHv#if/tarmif;oifygrpfav#mufxm;edkifjyDjzpfonf? tarmif;
oifumv (6)vjynfhjyD;v#if (touf (19)ESpfjynfhjyD;oltwGuf (3) vomvdkonf) vufawG h
armif;ESifr+ppfaq;cHEdkifjyDjzpfonf? vufawG harmif;ESifr+ppfaq;cH&eftcsdefZ,m;udk Tpmtkyf.
tcef; (9)wGif -unfhyg? vufawGharmif;ESifr+ppfaq;jcif;rpwifrD/ ppfaq;oltm; oif.ouf
wrf;&Sd tarmif;oifygrpfESifhvuf&Sd,mOftmrcH udkxkwfjyyg?
tu,fI oif.tarmif;oifygrpfaysmufqHk;(odk h)oufwrf;ukefaecJhv#if/topfjyefvnf av#muf
xm;&rnfjzpfjyD;/ygrpftopfoufwrf;rSm/pav#mufxm;aomae hrSpjyD; (2) ESpfjzpfonf?

,m,D,mOfarmif;vdkifpif
,m,D,mOfarmif;vdkifpifonf GDL pHepf.'kwd,tqifhjzpfonf? ,m,D,mOfarmif;vkdifpifonf
(2)eSpf oufwrf;&SdjyD;/ uef hoefhcsufrSm/ yHkrSef,mOfarmif; vdkifpifuJhodkh r[kwfyg? ,mOfarmif;aepOf/
tjcm; touf(18)ESpfatmufjzpfolrsm;tm;vHk; cg;ygwfygwfxm;&rnf? (odk h) cav;xdkifcHkudktoHk;
jyK &rnf? q,fvlvmzHk; vHk;0rajym& (em;usyf jzifhvJtoHk;rjyK&)?
,m,D,mOfarmif;vdkifpif&&Sd&efvdktyfaomt&nftcsif;rsm;rSm/
• touf (16 )jynfhjyD;oljzpf&rnf?
• pmawGheSifh vufawGh ,mOfarmif;ynmay; oifcef;rsm; wufa&mufoifjyD;oljzpf&rnf?
• tarmif;oifygrpf teJqHk; (6)vudkifxm;jyD; rnfonfhjypfr+rSusL;vGefchJzl;csif;r&Sd&? t&uf
aopgeSifh tjcm;rl;&pfaq;0g; oHk;pGJjyD;armif;ESifr+ponfh,mOfpnf;urf;csdL; azgufcJhzl;jcif;r&Sd&?
• vufawG harmifESifr+ppfaq;jcif;atmifjrifjyD;oljzpf&rnf?
oif.rdb(odk h) w&m;&Hk;todtrSwfjyKtkyfxdrf;olu/oifhvdkifpifav#mufv$mudk oabmwl vuf
rSwfxkd;xm;jyD;/ vdkifpif&SdjyD;touf(21)ESpfjynfhjyD;olwpfOD;u oifhtm;teJqHk;em&D (30) ,mOf
14
armif;oifay;xm;jyD;jzpfa-umif; axmufcHpm vufrSwfa&;xdk; ay;&rnf? em&D (30)xJrS/teJqHk;
(10) em&DrSm/ ntcsdef tarmif;oifxm;jcif;jzpf&rnf? Ttcsufrsm;eSifhjynfhpHkv#if/ ,m,D ,mOf
armif;vdkifpifav#mufxm;EdkifjyDjzpfjyD; vdkifpifa-u;aiGay;oGif;yg?
,m,D,mOfarmif;vdkifpif toHk;jyKpOfumvtwGif;/ touf (18)ESpfatmuf/ vdkufygpD;eif;ol
tm;vHk;cg;ygwfygwfxm;&rnf/(odk h) taotjcmwwfqifxm;aom cav;xdkifcHktoHk;jyK&rnf?
-o*kwf v (1)&uf 2008 rS pwiftusKH;0ifaom uef hoef hcsufrSm/ ,m,D ,mOfarmif;vdkifpif
udkifaqmifolonf/ vdkifpifoufwrf; yxr (6)vtwGif;/ noef;acgifcsdefrS eHeuf 5;00 twGif;
,mOfarmif;ESif jcif;rjyK&?
atmufaz:jyygtajctaersm;wGifrl ,mOfarmif;Edkifonf? =
• touf(25)ESpfjynfhjyD;vdkifpif&dSolwOD;OD;twlvdkufygvmcJhv#if
• aetdrfESifhtvkyf t-um;c&D;pOf/
• aetdrfESifhausmif;t-um;/ ausmif;udpPwckck&SdjyD;/ ausmif;rSt-udK tydk h tpDtpOfr&SdcJhv#if/
• tvkyfudpPESifhygwfoufaomc&D;pOf

xdkhtjyif rdb(odk h)tkyfxdef;ol twlryg&SdcJv#if/ yxr(6)v vdkifpifoufwrf;twGif;/touf

(20)atmuf vdkufygpD;eif;olwpfOD;omcGifhjyKonf?
rdb(odk h)tkyfxdef;ol twlryg&SdcJv#if/ 'kwd, (6)v vdkifpifoufwrf;twGif;/touf
(20)atmuf vdkufygpD;eif;ol ( 3 ) OD;omcGifhjyKonf?
rSwfcsuf? ? vdkufygpD;eif;ol touf(20)atmufc&D;onfrSm/ ,m,D,mOfarmif;vkdifpif&dSol.
rdom;pk0ifjzpfv#if/ txufaz:jyyguef howfcsufrsm;r&Sday?

Vanessa’s Law
vdkifpifr&Sdol q,fausmfoufwOD;onf ,mOfwdkufr+jzpfcJhv#ifaomf‚if;/ rl;&pfaomufpm;jyD; armif;
ESifjcif;/(tcGifhr&SdbJarmif;ESifr+/ ppfaq;pOftcsdefwGiftzkH;yGifht&ufykvif;awG h&Sdr+/ t&G,f ra&muf
rDt&ufaomufr+/ Oya't&av#mhayghr+r&Edkifjcif;) tp&Sdonfwdk hwpfck/(odk h) wckxufydkjyD;usL;vGef
xm;cJhv#if/touf(18)ESpfjynfhonhftxd/ tarmif;oifygrpf (odk h) ,m,D,mOfarmif; vdkifpif(odk h)
yHkrSefvdkifpif xkwfay;vdrfhrnfr[kwf?
touf (18)ESpf jynfhjyD;v#if/
• todynmppfaq;r+atmifjrif&rnf/
• vdktyfaomjyefvnfjyKjyif&rnfhtcsufrsm;tm;vHk;jyKvkyfjyD;/ ay;aqmif&ef&SdaomaiGa-u;
tm;vHk; ( usL;vGefxm;aomjypfr+rsm;tvdkuf/a':vmaiG 680txd) ay;aqmif&rnf?
• tarmif;oifygrpf&,ljyD; tenf;qHk; (6)v udkifxm;&rnf?
• vufawG harmif;ESifr+ppfaq;jcif;atmifjrif&rnf?

,m,D,mOfarmif;vdkifpif&Sdolq,fausmfoufwpfOD;onf/ ,mOfwdkufr+a}umifhaomfvnf;aumif;/
rl;&pfaomufpm;armif;ESifjcif; a}umifhaomfvnf;aumif; ta&;,lcHcJh&jyD; ,m,D,mOfarmif; vdkif
pif,kwfodrf;cHcJh&v#if/ touf (18) ESpfjynfhjyD;onftxd vdkifpifjyef vnf&,lcGifhr&Sd? touf 18
ESpfjynfhonfhtcsdefwGif yHkrSefvdkifpif&,l&efatmufygtqifhrsm;tm;vHk; jyefvkyf&rnf?

15
• vdktyfaomjyefvnfjyKjyif&rnfhtcsufrsm;tm;vHk;jyKvkyfjyD;/ay;aqmif&ef&SdaomaiGa-u;
tm;vHk; ( usL;vGefxm;aomjypfr+rsm;tvdkuf/a':vmaiG 680txd) ay;aqmif&rnf?
• pmoifcef;wGif;,mOfarmif;ynmoifcef;pmjyefvnfoif,l&rnf?
• todynmppfaq;r+atmifjrif&rnf/
• tarmif;oifygrpf&,ljyD; tenf;qHk; (3)v udkifxdkif;&rnf?
• ,mOfarmif;oifwef;ausmif;jyefwuf&rnf?

Class D tqifh ,mOfarmif;vdkifpif

Class D tqifh,mOfarmif;vdkifpif&,l&eftwGuf/ touf (18)ESpfjynfhjyD;ol(odk h) tarmif;oifyg
rpfteJqHk; (12) vqufwdkufudkifaqmifxm;oljzpfjyD;/ ,mOfwdkufr+/ rl;&pfaomufpm; armif;ESifjcif;/
ponfhrnfonfhjypfr+r#usL;vGefcJhcsif;r&Sdap&? (odk h),mOfwdkufr+ r[kwfaomjypfr+ wr+xufydkjyD;r&Sd?
tu,fI touf (18) Espfatmufjzpfv#if/ touf (21)jynfhjyD;vdkifpif&SdolwpfOD;.
}uD;}uyfr+ atmufwGif teJqHk; (10)em&D armif;ESifcJhjyD;jzpf&rnf?
,mOfarmif;vdkifpif av#mufv$mjznfhjyD; usoifhaiGa-u;ay;oGif;yg? oifY,m,D,mOfarmif;
vdkifpif&Sdxm;jyD;/ jypfr+uif;&Sif;v#if/ oifhtm;vdkifpifa-u;aiG 3²50 a':vm avsmhayghay;rnf?
tu,fI touf 21 ESpfatmufjzpfv#if/oif&&SdrnfhvkdifpifwGif (21)ESpfatmuf[laompm
wef;yg&Sdrnf? oifh 21 jynfharG;ae hwGif xdkvdkifpifoufwrf;ukefqHk;onf? xdk ha-umifh oif.touf
(21)jynfharG;ae hrwdkifrD &ufowWoHk;ygwftvdkwGif touf (21) ESpftxufvdkifpifudk av#muf
xm;Edkifonf? xdktcsdefrSpjyD;/av;ESpfjynfhwdkif;/ oifharG;aehwGifvdkifpifoufwpfck ukefqHk;rnf?

toufuef howfr+qdkif&mjcGif;csufrsm;
touf(15)ESpfjynfhjyD;olonf owfrSwfxm;aom v,f,mESifhO,mOfjcHajr tvkyfqdkif&m,mOf
armif; vdkifpif/ usef;rma&;qdkif&mtxl;tcGifhta&;vdkifpif (odk h) pufwwfpufbD; armif;ESifcGifh
ygrpf ponfwdkhudk ,mOfarmif;ynmoifwef;eSifhvufawG harmif;ESifr+ ppfaq;jcif;atmifjrifjyD;v#if
&&dSrnfjzpfonf?
owfrSwfxm;aom/v,f,mESifhO,mOfjcHajr tvkyfqdkif&m,mOfarmif;vdkifpifonf/ vli,f
rsm;u rdb tkyfxdef;olrsm;.tvkyftudkifY0ifa&mufulnDedkif&ef &nf&G,fonf? Tvdkifpif&&Sdxm;
olonf/ae h tcsdefv,f,m O,mOfjcHajrrS rdkif (20) twGif;/ vlOD;&nf ( 100000) xufavsmh enf;
aomjrdK hY/ v,f,mESifhO,mOfjcHajr qdkif&m tvkyftwGuf wpfOD;wnf;armif; ESifEdkifonf?
v,f,mESifhO,mOfjcHajr tvkyfqdkif&m,mOfarmif;vdkifpif&,l&eftwGuf/ rdb (odk h) tkyf
xdrf;olu/ ,mOfarmif;vdkifpif&Hk;wdkif;Y&,lEdkifaom cH0efcsufav#mufv$ma&;jznfhoGif;jyD;edkifonf?
xdkav#mufv$mESifhwuG v,f,mjcHajrtcGHaqmifpm&Gufudk vufawG harmif;ESifr+ppfaq;oltm; jyyg?
tu,fI rdbtkyfxdrf;olonf v,f,mESifh O,mOfjcHajr tiSg;vkyfaqmifoljzpfv#if/ tiSg;pmcsKyf
ESifhtcGHaqmifpm&Gufpmwrf;wdk hwifjy&ef vdktyfygonf?
Tvkdifpifav#mufxm;olonf vufawG harmif;ESifr+ppfaq;&ef (6)v apmifhae&ef rvdkaomf
vnf;/ tarmif;oifygrpfudkav#mufxm;&rnfjypfjyD;/ ,mOfarmif;oifwef;ausmif; wufa&mufjyD;pD;
a-umif; vufrSwfwifjyEdkif&rnf? touf (16)ESpfjynfhjyD;/ tarmif;oifygrpf&&SdonfrSmvnf; (6)
vjynfhjyD;v#if v,f,mjcHajrvkyfief;qdkif&muef howfcsufrsm;udky,fjzufEdkifonf? xdkodk hy,fzsuf
ay;&ef,mOfarmif;olrS av#mufxm;awmif;qdk&rnf?
16
 tu,fIoifhrdom;pk twGif;Y wpfOD;wpfa,mufr# vdkifpifr&Sd-ubJ/ rdrdudkwdkifusrf;rma&;
udpPtwGufaomf‚if;/rdom;pk0ifwpfOD;OD;usef;rma&;udpPtwGufaomf‚if;/,mOfarmif;&efvdktyfv#if/
usef;rma&;qdkif&mtxl;vdkifpifudk touf (15)jynfhjyD;oltm; xkwfay;rnfjzpfonf?
xdkvkdifpifav#mufv$mwifjycsdefwGif/ rdb(odk h)w&m;0iftkyfxdef;olrSaxmufcHpmESifh/ q&m
0efrS usef;rma&;tajctaet&trSefwu,fvkdtyfa-umif;a&;om;axmufcHpmudkwifjy &rnf?
av#mufxm;olonf tarmif;oifygrpfudk teJqHk; (6)vudkifxm;jyD;/
todtrSwfjyK,mOfarmif;ynmay;oifwef;udkwufa&mufjyD;rS/ vufawGh,mOfarmif;pmar;yJGudk
ajzqdkedkifonf?

touf (15)ESpft&G,f pufwyfpufbD;vdkifpif&&Sd&efwGuf/ pufwyfpufbD;vkHjcHKr+qdkif&m oifwef;

wufa&mufjyD;pD;&rnf? xdkhaemuf pmawG hpmar;yGJeSifhtjriftm&kHppfaq;r+atmifjrifjyD;/ vufawG h
armif;ESifr+ ppfaq;jcif; atmifjrifjyD;v#if/vdkifpifxkwfay;rnfjzpfonf?

,mOfarmif;vdkifpiftrsdK;rsdK;
,mOfarmif;vdkifpif&SdrSoifonftrsm;jynfoltoHk;jyKaomvrf;rESifhta0;ajy;vrf;rsm;ay:wGif,mOf
armif;ESifEdkifonf? ,mOfarmif;aeaomtcsdefwdkif;/oifESifhtwl/,mOfarmif;vdkifpifyg&Sdae&rnf?
oif. ,mOfarmif;vdkifpifonf oifarmif;aeaom ,mOftrsdK;tpm;twGuf xkwfxm;ay;aom
vdkifpifrsdK;jzpf&rnf?
,mOfarmif;vdkifpifqdkif&m tcsuftvufrsm;ESifhuef howfcsufrsm;tm;/oifhvdkifpif.
ausmzufwGif a&;om;az:jyxm;onf?
rDeDpdk;xmY ,mOfarmif;vkdifpif(4) rsdK;&SdjyD; rwlnDaomcGef hjyKcsuf/uef howfcsufrsm;vnf;yg
&Sdonf? TrwlnDaomvdkifpiftrsdK;rsdK;ta-umif;udk atmufwGiftusOf;csHK;avhvmEdkifonf?

“ 'D ”vdkifpif ( Class D License )

“'D”vdkifpifrSm rDeDpdk;xmjynfe,fY,mOfarmif;oltrsm;pktoHk;jyKaom/ vdkifpiftrsdK; tpm;jzpfyg
onf? oifhvkdifpifonf “'D”vdkifpifjzpfcJhv#if/atmufyg,mOftrsdK;tpm;rsm;udkarmif;ESifedifonf?
• wpfpD;xD;,mOftm;vHk; (um;/ypfuyf ESifh x&yfum;tao;pm;) armif;ESifEdkifonf?
cGif;csufrSm=,mOf tav;csdef/aygif 26000 txuf &Sdaom,mOfrsm;/ ,mOfarmif;oltygt0if
c&D;onf (15) OD;xufydkwifekdifaom,mOfESifh/ tEN&,f&SdypPnf;rsm;o,faqmifaom,mOfrsm;?
• v,f,mxGufukefrsm;wifaqmifaom v,f,muÀoHk;,mOftm;vHk;/ v,f,muÀoHk;puf
ypPnf;rsm;/tydkypPnf;rsm;/( tEN&,f&SdypPnf;rsm;tygt0if) udk/v,f,mrS rdkif (150) twGif;
armif;ESifedkifonf? xdkv,f,muÀoHk;,mOftm; v,f,mvkyfudkifoludk,fwdkif/(odk h) rdom;pk
0if(odk h) tvkyform;uom armif;ESif&rnf?
• wm0ef&Sdta&;ay:,mOfrsm;/( ,mOftav;csdefaygif 26000 ausmfonfjzpfap)
• udk,fydkifoHk; tyef;ajz,mOf (RV ) um;tdrfESifhaemufwGJ,mOf/
• pufwyfpufbD;/
• armfawmfqdkifu,ftrsdK;rsdK;/ (cGifhjyKcsufvdkifpifvdktyfonf)
• &yfuGuftwGif;armif;Esifaomv#yfppftm;oHk;,mOfrsm; (NEVs )

17
atmufygtajcaersm;wGif/aemufwGJ,mOfwyfqGJEkdifonf?
• pkpkaygif;,mOftav;csdef aygif(10000)ESifhatmuf&Sdv#if (odkhr[kwf)
• pkkpkaygif;,mOftav;csdef aygif(10000)xufydkaomfvnf;/,mOfESifhaemuf wGJ,mOfpkpkaygif;
tav;csdef aygif ( 26000)ESifhatmuf&Sdv#if/

vdkifpifqdkif&mcGifhjyKcsufrsm;/
armfawmfqdkifu,f/ bwfpfum;/ ESpfpD;wGJ oHk;pD;wGJ,mOf/ bwfpfum;/ ausmif;um;/ t&nftrsdK;rsdK;/
"gwkypPnf;ESifh "gwfqDwdkifuDwiff,mOfrsm; ( wifum )ESifh tEN&,f&SdypPnf;wif,mOfrsm; udkarmif;
ESif&eftwGufoif. vkdifpifwGif cGifhjyKcsufyg&Sd&rnf? xdkcGifhjyKcsufrsm;tm;vHk;twGuf oD;jcm; tod
ynmppfaq;r+ cH,l& rnf? bwfpfum;/ausmif;um;/ armfawmfqdkifu,f/ armif;ESifcGifhtoD;oD; t
wGuf oufqdkif&mvufawG harmif;ESifr+ppfaq;jcif;rsm; vdktyfonf?

pD;yGg;a&;qdkif&m vdkifpif ( CDL )

tqifh A,B ESifh C vdkifpiftm;vHk;udk/ pD;yGg;a&;qkdif&mvdkifpifrsm; (CDL) [lIowfrSwfonf? CDL
vdkifpifjzifh D tqifh,mOftm;vHk;armif;ESifedkifonfhtjyif/ tjcm;vkdifpiftrdsK;tpm;rsm;Y cGifhjyKaom
,mOftrsdK;tpm;udkvnf;armif;ESifedifonf?

“ C ”vdkifpif
tEN&,f&SdypPnf;rsm;wifaqmifarmif;ESifEkdifcGifh&xm;&Sdaom“ C ”vdkifpifjzifh/tEN&,f&Sd ypPnf; rsm;udk
“ D ”tqifh,mOfjzifho,faqmifarmif;ESifedkifonf? (wifum) armif;ESifcGifhyg&Sdaom vdkifpifjzifh/
tEN&,f&Sd"gwkypPnf;t&nfESifh"gwfaiG hrsm;wifaom tvG,fwul a&$hajymif; Edkif aomwdkifu D(odk h)
yHkaowwfxm;aomwdkifuDwif,mOfrsm;udkwifaqmif armif;ESifedkifonf?

“B” vdkifpif/
cGifhjyKcsufjynfhpHkpGmyg&Sdaom “ B ”vdkifpifjzifh C ESifh D tqifh,mOfrsm; tm;vHk; ESifh wpfpD;xD;,mOf
rsm;tm;vHk;armif;ESifedifonf? “ B ” vdkifpifudkifaqmifolonf aemufwGJ,mOfwyfjyD;/ armif;ESifrnf
qdkygu/ xdk,mOftav;csdefonf pkpkaygif;aygif ( 10000)ESifh atmufom &Sd&rnf?

“A” vdkifpif/
oifhwifhav#mufygwfaom cGifhjyKcsufrsm;jzifh “A”vdkifpifonf rnfonfh,mOftrsdK;tpm;/ aemufwGJ
,mOfrsm;udk rqdk armif;ESifedkifonf?

pD;yGg;qdkif&m vdkifpif (CDL) odaumif;p&mtcsuftvufrsm;

pD;yGg;qdkif&mvdkifpifqdkif&mtcsuftvufrsm;ESifh vdktyfcsufrsm;ta-umif;udk/ rDeDpdk;xm ausmif;um;
armif;olvufpGJta-umif;yg0ifaom rDeDpdk;xmpD;yGm;,mOfarmif;olvufpGJpmtkyf wGifavhvm edifyg

18
onf? xdkvufpGJpmtkyfudk ,mOfarmif;vdkifpifoufwrf;wdk;Xgersm;/vufawG h,mOfarmif;ppf aq;
r+&kH;rsm;ESifh tifwmeuf 0ufbfqdkuf www.mndriveinfo.org wGif&,lavhvm edkifygonf?
rSwfcsuf? ? tu,fI oifonf tvkyf&Sif (odk h) tvkyform;wpfOD;tjzpf ,mOftrsdK;tpm;rsdK;
pHkudk toHk;jyK armif;ESifae&oljzpfygu/ oifukd pD;yGg;qdkif&m ,mOfvdkifpifvdktyfoltjzpf owfrSwf
onf? Tvdktyfcsufrsm;jynfhpHkcJhv#if/ oifonf wpfpD;xD;,mOfrsm;/ tpD; wGJ,mOfrsm;/ (pkpkaygif;
,mOftav;csdef aygif 10000 txuf/ aqmufvkyfa&;oHk;,mOfrsm;tygt0if)/ ukefypPnf;o,fa&$h
aom,mOfrsm;/ c&D;onf (8)OD;txuf (,mOfarmif;oltygt0if) wifaqmifEdkifaom,mOf/ ponf
wdk hudk armif;ESifedkifonf? txufaz:jyyg,mOftrsdK;tpm;rsm;udk w&m;0if toHk;jyKarmif;ESifcGifh &&Sd
&ef/ tar&duefjynfaxmifpko,f,lydk haqmifa&;Xge. usef;rma&;ppfaq;r+vufrSwf&&Sdxm;&rnf?
xdk htjyif oifarmif;ESif toHk;jyKaompkpkaygif; em&DtuefhtowfESifh ,mOfrsm;tm;yHkrSefjyKjyif xdrf;
odrf;r+ESifhppfaq;jcif;rsm; vdktyfonf?
Ttcsuftvufrsm;ESifhygwfoufjyD;ydkrdkod&Sdvdkygu/ rDeDpdk;xmjynfe,f,mOfxdef;Xme/ w,fvDzkef;
eHygwf(651-405-6171) odk h qufoG,fIaomf‚if;/ rDeDpdk;xm o,f,lydk haqmifa&;ESifh pD;yGg;qdkif&m
,mOfXme w,fvDzkef;eHygwf (651-215-6300) odk hqufoG,fedkifygonf?

touf (21 )ESpfatmufrsm;twGuf pD;yGg;qdkif&m vdkifpif

rDeDpdk;xmjynfe,fwGifaexdkifol touf (21)atmufrsm;onf/ ukefoG,fpD;yGg; qdkif&mvdkifpif
(CDL) udk &,ledkifygonf? vdkifpifY oD;jcm;wdusaom uehfowfcsufrsm; az:jyyg&Sdrnfjzpfonf?

vkdifpifoufwrf;wdk;jcif;ESifh topftpm;xdk;jcif;
rDeDpdk;xmjynfe,f,mOfarmif;vdkifpifonf oif.arG;ae hwkdif;wGif oufwrf;ukefqHk;jyD;/ oifhtouf
(21)ESpfjynfhjyD;ae hrSpwifI ( 4 )ESpf wpf-udrf oufwrf;wdk;&rnfjzpfonf? tu,fI oif.vdkif
pif ajymufqHk;/ ysufpD;cJhygu/ vkdifpifrdwWL av#mufxm;&rnf? tu,fI oif.vdkifpifaysmufqHk;cJh
v#if/ vdkifpifoufwrf;wdk;onfhae hwGif oif.cdkifvHkaom rSwfyHkwifudkwifjy ekdif&rnf? vkdifpif
oufwrf;wdk;onfhtcsdefwGif rsufpdppfaq;r+ (tjriftm&kH ) atmifjrif&rnf?

trnfajymif;jcif; ESifh vdyfpmajymif;jcif;

tu,fI vdkifpifoufwrf;rukefqHk;rD oif.trnf (odk h) vdyfpmajymif;jcif;cJhygu/ vdkifpifrdwWL
( tpm;xdk; ) udk &uf (30) twGif; av#mufxm;&rnf? tu,fItarmif;oifygrpf jzpfygu/
xdkygrpfudk oufwrf;wdk;&rnf?

ppfr+xrf;csdef
tu,fI oifonftar&duefwyfrawmf.vuf&Sdppfr+xrf;wpfOD;jzpfjyD;/ rDeDpdk;xm jynfe,f,mOf
armif;vdkifpif&Sdxm;ygv#if ppfr+xrf;aqmifaepOfumvwpfav#mufvHk;/ oifhvdkifpifudkoufwrf;
wdk;&efrvdktyfyg? vdkifpifouf&Sdjzpfaea-umif;wdusaojcmap&ef jynfol hvHkjcHKa&;Xge (Department
of Public Safety ) w,fvDzkef;eHygwf (651-296-6911) odk h ppfr+xrf;aea-umif; owif;ydk hxm;yg?
ppfr+xrf;oufukefqHk;onfhae hrSpI &ufaygif; ( 90 )twGif; oifhvdkifpifudk oufwrf;wdk;&
rnf jzpfonf? oufwdk;wkd;onfhtcg oifhvdkifpifESifhtwl ppfr+xrf;jcif;jyD;pD;a-umif;vufrSwf
(DD214 ) wdk hudk wifjy&rnf?

19
 TcGsif;csufonf ppfr+xrf;aqmifol.ZeD;(odk h) cifyGef;ESifhvJ (tu,fI ppfr+xrf;aqmifae
pOfumvY rDeDpdk;xmjynfe,ftjyifYaexdkifcJhv#if ) oufqdkifonf?
tu,fIoifonftouf (18) ESpfESifh (26) ESpftwGif;&SdoljzpfjyD; tar&duefEkdifiHom; (odk h) tjrJ
wrf;aexdkifol jzpfygu/ rDeDpdk;xmjynfe,f.,mOfarmif;vdkifpifESifh ,mOfrSwfyHkwifvma&muf
av#muf xm;csdefrSpjyD; tar&duefjynfaxmifpktwGuf edkifiHwm0efwpfckckxrf;aqmif&ef wm0ef
&SdoltjzpfrSwfyHkwifjyD;jzpfonf?

owfrSwftr+xrf; (Selective Service)

tu,fIoifonftouf (18) atmufjzpfcJhv#if oifhtouf (18) jynfhjyD;ae hrSpwifjyD; ,mOfESifh
,mOfarmif;vdkifpifXge. rSwfwrf;wGiftar&duefjynfaxmifpktwGuf edkifiHwm0efwpfckck xrf;
aqmif&efwm0ef &SdoltjzpfrSwfyHkwifrnfjzpfonf?
av#mufxm;onfhtcsdefwGif rSwfyHkwifcGihf&Sdolppfr+xrf;&efwm0ef&Sdol Oya'yk'fr (Military
Selective Service Act, U.S. Code title 50 appendix, section 453) udkqdkvdkonf?

jynfe,frSwfyHkwifu'f
rDeDpdk;xm jynfe,frSwfyHkwifu'fudk ,mOfarmif;vdkifpif av#mufxm;aom&Hk;rsm;wGif&,l av#muf
xm;edkifonf? Ttcef;Yt"dy`g,fzGifhqdkazmfjyjyD;ouJhodk hoifrS/taxmuftxm; pm&Gufpmwrf; 2
ck/ (t"du wpfckESifh taxmuftuljyKwpfck) wkd hudk wifjyedkif&rnf?
,mOfarmif;vdkifpif&Hk;taejzifh oifhwGif oufwrf;&Sd,mOfarmif;vdkifpif (odk h) ,mOfarmif; ygrpf
&SdaejyD;jzpfv#if/ rDeDpdk;xm jynfe,frSwfyHkwifu'fudk xyfrHxkwfay;rnfr[kwfyg?

,mOfarmif;vdkifpifa}u;rsm;
atvdkifpif (Class A regular ) 43²00 a':vm
atvkdifpif 21 ESpfatmuf (Class A under 21) 23²00 a':vm
bDvdkifpif 21 ESpfatmuft0gt0if (Class B, regular or under 21) 35²00 a':vm
pDvdkifpif (21)ESpfatmuftygt0if (Class C, regular or under 21) 28²00 a':vm
ausmif;um; vdkifpif= oufwrf;wdk;jcif;tygt0if (School Bus) 4²00 a':vm
'Dvdkifpif/ (21)ESpfatmuftygt0if Class D, regular or under 21 24 ²00 a':vm
,m,Dvdkifpif Provisional driver s license 15²00 a':vm
,m,D bDvdkifpif rS (21)ESpfjynfh vdkifpiftjzpfjyKvkyfjcif;/ 20²50 a':vm
(trSm;t,Gif;/,mOfjypfr+uif;&Sif;v#if 3²50 a':vm avsmhay;onf)
rSwfyHkwifu'f
touf (65)ESpfatmuf 18²00 a':vm
touf (65) ESpf ESifh txuf 11²00 a':vm
udk,ft*FgcGswf,Gif;tm;eJaeolrsm;/zGH hjzdK;oefrmr+tm;eJolrsm;ESifh
pdwfa&m*gqdkifomrmef a0'emcHpm;ae&olrsm; 0²50 a':vm
,mOfarmif;vdkifpif (odk h) rSwfykHwifu'frdwWL
trsdK;tpm;tm;vHk; 13²50 a':vm

20
tjcm;aom trsdK;tpm;rsm;
‘ D ’tarmif;oifygrpf ( 2ESpfoufwrf;&dS ) 12²00 a':vm
A,B, ESifhC armif;oifygrpf tcrJh
‘ CDL’ oD;jcm;cGihfjyKcsufpmar;yJGa}u;rsm; 2²50 a':vm
armfawmfqdkifu,farmif;oifygrpf 21²00 a':vm
armfawmfqdkifu,foufwrf;wdk;a}u; 13²00 a':vm
toifh(odk h),m,Dudk,fydkiftrnfaygufxdrf;odrf;a}u; 4²25 a':vm
(Standby or Temporary Custodian Designation)

vdkifpifjyefvnf&Sifoefc
(&kyfodrf;jyD;vdkifpif )
t&uf/rl;&pfaq;0g;ESifhjypfr+qdkif&musL;vGefcJhjcif; 680²00 a':vm
tjcm;aomazmufjzufusL;vGefr+rsm;( tmrcH udpPtygt0if) 30²00 a':vm
vdkifpif,m,D&yfpJcH&jcif; 20²00 a':vm
tmrcHrxm;&SdcJhjcif; ( ,m,D&yfpJcH&jcif; ) 20²00 a':vm
‘ CDL’ t&nftjcif;rjynfhrDjcif; 20²00 a':vm

pufwwfpufbD;armif;ESifcGifhygrpf
todynmpmar;yGJESifhtarmif;oifygrpf 6²75 a':vm
t&nftjcif;ppfpmar;yJGESifh(1)ESpfarmif;cGifhoifygrpf 6²75 a':vm
(1)ESpfarmif;cGifhygrpfrdwWL 3²75 a':vm
(1)ESpfarmif;cGifhygrpfoufwrf;wdk;a}u; (21 ESpfatmuff) 9²75 a':vm
oufwrf;wdk;rdwWL 5²25 a':vm
oufwrf;wdk; ( touf (21)ESpfESifhtxuf ) 15²75 a':vm

pmar;yGJjyefvnfppfaq;ca}u;rsm;
wwd,ESifhtxuftodynmppfaq;c ( yxrESpf}udrfus&+;HjyD;v#if) * 10²00 a':vm
wwd,ESifhtxufvufawG harmif;ESifr+t&nftjcif;ppfaq;c 20²00 a':vm
( yxrESpf}udrfus&+;HjyD;v#if) **

*,mOfarmif;olppfaq;r+&Hk;rsm;wGifomjyKvkyfonf/
**vdkifpiftoufa}u;ryg0ifyg?

az:jyyga}u;rsm;tm;vHk;Oya'n$efudef;t&jzpfjyD; ajymif;vnf;Edkifygonf?
tcef; (9)wGifavhvmyg?

21
 tcef; (2) oif.,mOf
oif.um;wGif az:jyygypPnf;rsm;tm;vHk;yg&dS&rnf

rnfonfh,mOfudkrqdk/trsm;jynfoloHk;aomvrf;ray:wGif pwifrarmif;ESifrD/ vdktyfaompufypPnf;

rsm; jynfhpHkpGm wwfqifxm;&rnfjzpfjyD;/ aumif;rGefpGmtvkyfvkyfaejcif;&Sd&ef ppfaq;&rn?f
oif.,mOfta}umif;aumif;rGefpGmod&Sdxm;&rnf? udkifwG,ftoHk;jyKolvufpGJ pmtkyfudkzwf
}unfhjyD; u&d,mtm;vHk;udktoHk;jyKwwf&rnf? rD;vHk;rsm;/a&hSrSefokwfwH/um;[Gef;/bD;wm,m/ tp&Sd
onfwdk hyHkrSeftvkyfvkyfaejcif;&Sdatmif tjrJyHkrSef ppfaq;ay;&rnf? ,mOftwGif;&Sdowday;
oauøwrsm;/ 'dkifcGufrsm;tm;vHk;.n$efjyr+tm;vHk;udk em;vnfatmifavhvmxm;yg?
,mOftwGif;odk h0ifxdkifjyD;onfESifh xdkifcHkESifhrSefrsm;udk nSd&efvdk/rvdk}unfhyg? c&D;onfrsm;xdkif
aeyHkonf oifhjrifuGif;ESifhyHkrSefarmif;ESifr+twGuftaESmuft&Sufjzpfraeap&? oifhxdkifcHkcg;ygwfESifh
c&D; onfrsm;.xdkifcHkcg;ygwfrsm;aumif;rGefpGmygwfxm;yg?

,mOfwpfpD;.vdktyfcsufrsm;
b&dwf
um;rsm;ESifhx&yfum;rsm;tm;vHk;wGifoD;jcm;b&dwfpHepfESpfrsdK;yg&Sd&rnf? ajceif;b&dwf
ESihfvufqGJb&dwfudkqdkvdkonf?

a&Shaemuftum (befyg)
tdrfoHk;udk,fydkif,mOftm;vHk;Ya&Shaemuftum(befzg)rsm;yg&Sd&rnf? ypfuyfx&yfrsm; ESifhAifum;
rsm; a&ShbefzgESifhaemufbefzg(odk h)a&mifjyefrD;rsm;yg&Sd&rnf?

[Gef;
oifh,mOf.[Gef;onftoHrnf&rnf?acgif;avmif;/c&mESifhOa}omtp&Sdonfwdk honf [Gef; r[kwf
bJ ta&;ay:,mOfrsm;wGiftoHk;jyK&efomjzpfonf?,mOfwdkufr+jzpfjcif;rSa&Smifusif&ef vdktyfonfh

22
tcgwGif [Gef; udktoHk;jyKyg? rvdktyfbJ[Gef;udkroHk;&? oifa&muf&Sdaeonfudkodap&ef&nf&G,fI
um;[Gef;wD;jcif;udka&Smif}uif&rnf?

a&ShrD;vHk; ESifh aemufrD;vHk;rsm;

armfawmfqdkifu,frSvGJI tjcm;,mOfrsm;tm;vHk;.tjzLa&mifa&ShrD;}uD;ESpfvHk;onf/ tm;tedrfh/tjrifh
ESpfrsdK; xGef;I&Ekdif&rnfjzpfjyD;/ teDa&mifaemufrD;rsm;rSm/ b&dwfeif;onfhtcsdefwGif tm;jrifh vm&
rnfjzpfonf?
ta&ShrD;}uD;tm;tjrifhxGef;xm;csdefwGif/ teJqHk; ay 350 tuGmY&Sdaom t&mudk jrifedkif&rnf?
a&ShrD;}uD;uGsrf;aev#iftopfvJyg? a&ShrD;}uD;rSefuGJaecJhv#ifrD;vHk;twGif;odk hzkefrH+rsm;/a&rH+rsm; 0if
a&mufjyD;/ tvif;a&mifavsmheJr+jzpfapjyD; tjcm;,mOfarmif;oludktaESmuft,Sufjzpfapygonf?
avumrSefrsm;udkaq;a}umonfhtcgwdkif;a&ShrD;}uD;rsm;udkwdkufaq;ay;yg? npfayaeaom rD;
}uD;. tvif;a&miftm;avsmheJapr+onf 75 &mcdkifE+H;txdavsmhusapEdkifonf?
a&ShrD;}uD;rsm;udkteJqHk;wpfESpfwpf}udrfppfaq;ay;yg? tcsdK hrD;tdrfrsm;onftxl;wwfqif&ef
vdktyfjyD;tcsdK hrSm t'ufxm (adapter ) vdktyfonf? udkifwG,ftoHk;jyKolvufpGJ pmtkyfwGif odvdk
onfrsm;udkavhvmyg?
tcsdK haom,mOfwdk hwGifpGrf;tif edrfha&ShrD; (ae htcsdefoHk; rD;vHk; )vHk;yg&SdjyD;/ ae htcsdef oifarmif;
ESifpOfwGif tvdktav#muf yGifhvif; vmonf? TrD;rsdK;onfoifh,mOftm; tjcm;,mOfarmif;olrsm;
rS tvG,fwuljrifedifaponf? aemufrD;ESifhb&dwfrD; rsm;rSmrl tvdktav#mufyGifhvif;vmjcif;r&Sdyg?
a&ShrD;}uD;rsm;udkae0ifcsdefwGifpwifxGef;xm;jyD;aexGufcsdefa&mufonfhwdkifxGef;xm;&rnf? rdk;&Gm
csdef/ rdk;oD;a}uGcsdef/ ESif;uscsdef/ jrLqdkif;csdefrsm;tjyif/ ta&Shay 500 odk hjrifuGif; oJoJuGJuGJ r&Sdonfh
tcsdef rsm;wGif a&ShrD;}uD;udkzGifhxm;&rnf?

vdkifpifeHygwfjym;rD;vHk;
tjzLa&mifrD;vHk;jzifhtaemufeHygwfjym;udkntcsdef jrifEdkif&efxGef;ay;&rnf?

tcsufjyrD;vHk;rsm;
tcsufjyrD;vHk;tm;vHk;ykHrSeftvkyfvkyfae&rnf? oif.,mOf(odk h)ukefutpGef;xGufaejyD; oihfvuf
jzifhtcsufjyjcif;udk t[efhtwm;jzpfapygu/ oifht aemufrS,mOfarmif;onfodomap&eftcsuf
jyrD;udkoHk;&rnf?

wm;jrpfxm;aomrD;vHk;rsm;
tjyma&mifrD;vHk;rsm;/ rdSwfwkwfrdSwfwkwfrD;rsm;ESifhtxl;uÀoHk;rD;vHk;rsm; toHk;jyKjcif;udk wm;jrpf
onf? tqdkyg trsdK;tpm;0ifrD;rsm;onf tcGifhr&Sdaom,mOfrsm;wGifwwfqiftoHk;jyK&ef r[kwfay?
ESif;cGJ,mOfrsm;ESifhtjcm;aom vrf;jyKjyifxdrf;odrf;a&;,mOfrsm;ESifhwm0ef&Sd ta&;ay:,mOfrsm;
om tjyma&mifrD;wwfqiftoHk;jyKedifonf? wm0ef&Sd,mOfrsm;/ ausmif;um;rsm;/ um;qGJx&yfum;
rsm;/ jyKjyifxdrf;odrf;a&;,mOfrsm;/ tpdk;&,mOf rsm;ESifh v,f,moHk;,mOfrsm;Y rdSwfwkwfrdSwfwkwf
rD;rsm; wwfqifedkifonf? ausmif;um;rsm;/ ESif;cGJ,mOfrsm;ESifh aus;&Gmpmydk h,mOfrsm;omv#if rD;tdrf
(strobe lamps. ) oHk;cGifh&Sdonf?

23
rwfzvm ( Mufflers )
,mOftm;vHk;onf a&Svsm;us,favmifaygufuGJoHrsm;uJhodk haomtoHqlnHr+udk xdrf;csKyfay;aom
rwfzvmwwfqifxm;&rnf? umbGefrdkaemufqdk'f,dkpdrfhr+&Sdr&Sd rwfzvmtm; yHkrSefppfaq;&rnf?

aemuf}unfhrSefrsm;
,mOfrsm;tm;vHk;wGifaemuf}unfhrSefwwfqifxm;&rnf?ypPnf;wifonfhtiSg;x&yfum;rsm;uJhodk h
aomum;rsm;onf/ taemufzufodk hrjrifEdkifonfhtwGuf/ taemufodk hjrifEdkif&eftwGuf/ ab;rSef
tydkrsm;wwfqifxm;&rnf?
um;qGJ&efuJhodk haomypfuyfum;rsm;onfvJab;rSeftydkrsm;wwfqifxm;&rnf? ,mOfaemufzuf
ypPnf;wifaqmifxm;jcif;a}umifh taemufrSefrSwqifh taemufzufodk hrjrifEdkifonfhtcgwGif xdk
ab;rSeftydkrsm;onf taemufzufjrifuGif;udk&Sif;vif;pGmjrifEdkif&eftaxmuftuljyK onf?

xdkifcHkcg;ygwfrsm;ESifh avtdwfrsm;
,mOftwGif;vdkufygpD;eif;oltm;vHk;twGufxdkifcHkcg;ygwfrsm; aumif;rGefoef h&Sif;aeatmif *&kpdkuf
yg? rDeDpdk;xmjynfe,fwGif,mOftm;vHk;onfxdkifcHkcg;ygwfrsm; wwfqifxm;&ef vdktyfjyD;/ pD;eif;ol
rsm;cg;ygwf ygwfxm;&efrSm rjyufruGufvdkufem&efvdktyfonf?
avtdwfrsm;onfcg;ygwfuJhodkhyif xdcdkuftemw&jzpfr+rSumuG,fay;onf? avtdwfrsm;u
vdkuf ygpD;eif;olrsm;,mOftwGif;rSvGifhpifxGufoGm;jcif;rS rumuG,fay;edkifay?
um;a&Sha'h&Sfbk'fay:wGiftr+dufrsm;/ ypPnf;rsm;wifrxm;&? avtdwfrsm;yGifhvmonfhtcsdefwGif
xdktrd+ufrsm;/ypPnf;rsm;uvGifhpifjyD;/ oifhtwGuftEN&,fjzpfapEdkifonf?
avtdwfrsm;wwfqifxm;onfh,mOfta}umif;udk/ xdk,mOfudkpwifrarmif;ESifrDY udkifwG,ft
oHk;jyKolvufpGJpmtkyfudkzwfxm;yg?

wm,mrsm;
wm,mrsm;onf oifh,mOftav;csdefudko,faqmifxm;Edkifavmufatmifcdkifrmae&efvdktyfjyD;
vrf;ray:Yvnf;aumif;rGefpGmukwfwG,fxm;edkif&rnf? wm,mav aygifcsdefudkyHkrSefppfaq;yg?
avavsmhaeaomwm,mjzifh rnfonfhtcgrS,mOfudkarmif;ESifjcif;rjyKygESifh? wm,mtxlonf
wpfvufr. 16 yHk 1 yHk avsmheJaecJhv#if/w&m;r0ifay? wm,mtaumif;wpfvHk;udk tydko,f
aqmifxm;jyD;avaygifudkyHkrSefppfaq;yg? oifhwm,mrsm;wGif &S&m/ tufuGJ&m/ ql;pl;&m/ azgif;
xGuf&m/ajymifESifhrnDrnmyGef;pm;&mrsm;&Sdr&SdyHkrSefppfaq;}unhf&rnf?

avumrSefrsm;ESifhjyLwif;aygufrSefrsm;
,mOfarmif;EsifaecsdefY avumrSefrsm;ESif hjyLwif;aygufrSefrsm;rSwqifhjrifuGif;rsm;onfESif;/ a&cJ/
a&aiG ha&r+H/ uGJ&S&mESifhaq;pGef;a&mifrsm;a}umifh taESmuft,Sufrjzpfap&? ,mOfarmif;olESifh av
umrSeft}um;/ rnfonfhtcktcHrsm;rSr&Sdap&? jynfe,fOya't&cGifhjyKxm;aom pmwef;rsm;/ pwpf
umrsm;ESifhtjcm;t&mrsm;udk/ avumrSefrsm;wGif wwfqifxm;Edkifonf? jynfe,fESifhtrsdK;om; yef;
jcHrsm;/ O,mOfrsm;.pwpfum/ tpdk;&vHkjcHKr+ppfaq;csufpwpfum/ tcay;ta0;ajy;um;vrf;jzwf
oef; cGifhu&d,mrsm;udkwwfqifxm;Edkifonf?
avumrSefrsm;udk/ zHk;umxm;jcif;/a&mifjyefrsm;wwfqifxm;jcif;/ owWKypPnf;wpfrsdK;rsdK;a}umifh
twGif; odk hrjrifEdkifap&efjyKjyifxm;jcif;wdk hr&Sdap&?
24
 }o*kwfv(1)&uf 1985 rSpI ab;zufESifhtaemufzufavumrSefrsm;wGifwwfqifxm;aom
aeum rSef (Tint )rsm;wGiftvif;a&mifxGif;azmufedkiftm;ESifha&mifjyeftm;tcsdK;tpm; &mcdkifE+H; rsm;
udk az:jyxm;&rnf? tvif;a&mifxGif;azmufedkiftm; 50&mcdkifE+H;xufavsmhenf;jyD;/ a&mifjyeftm;
tcsdK;tpm;20&mcdkifE+H;xufydkrsm;aecJhv#if/ypfuyfx&yfum;twGuftaemufrSef/Aifum;rsm;twGuf
taemufrSefESifh ab;rSef (,mOfarmif;oltaemufzufom)/ vifrGefpif;ZdrfcHum;rsm;ESifhZgye tcef;
tem;oHk; edAŠmef,mOfrsm;YomwwfqifcGifh&Sdonf?

avumrSefa&okwfwHESifhrSefa&cJaysmfud&d,mrsm;
avumrSefyg&dSaom,mOfrsm;tm;vHk; a&okwfwHwwfqifxm;&rnfjzpfjyD;/ yHkrSeftvkyfvkyfae&rnf?
avumrSefa&cJaysmfud&d,mrsm;onf/ rSef&Sd a&r+Ha&aiG h/ESif;r+Hwkd huif;pifoGm;ap&ef twGufr&Sdrjzpf
vdktyfonf?

bD;umrsm;
c&D;onfwif,mOfrsm;tm;vHk;Y bD;umrsm;wwfqifxm;&rnfjzpfonf? bD;umrsm;onf/ a&/zHkr+H h
ESifhtrd+ufo&kdufrsm; avxkwGif; vifhpifroGm;ap&efumuG,fay;onf?

25
 tcef; (3)
,mOfpnf;urf;Oya'rsm;ESifh ,mOfarmif;ESifr+
rDeDpdk;xmjynfe,ftwGif; ,mOfarmif;ESifoltm;vHk;/ jynfe,fOya'udkvdkufem
&rnf? atmufaz:jyygOya'rsm;onf/ ,mOfarmif;oltm;vHk;ESifhoufqdkifonf?
tjrefE+H;uef houfcsufrsm;
t&dSefjrifhjrifharmif;ESifonfESifhtav#muf oifhteD;ygwf0ef;usifwGifjzpfay:vmrnfh ta}umif;jcif;t
&mwdk hudkwHk hjyefEdkif&ef/ tcsdefenf;yg;oGm;rnfomjzpfonf? t&dSefjrifhjrifharmif;ESifjcif;a}umifh ,mOf
wdkufckdufr+jzpfyGg;ap&efydkrdkeD;pyf.? t&Sdefjyif;armif;ESifr+a}umifhjzpfay:&aom ,mOfwdkufcdkufr+ rsm;
Y tonf;toHxdcdkuftemw& jzpfr+tjyif/ aoa}ur+rsm;ykdIjzpfyGg;Edkifonf txd&v'frsm; &&Sdap
onf?
rDeDpdk;xmOya'rsm;u/ tajc taetvdkufoifhwifhaom t&SdefE+H;jzifhomarmif;ESif&ef jyXgef;
xm;.? &moDOwktajctae/ vrf;tajctae/ ,mOfa}umtajctaewdk hudkqdkvdkjcif;jzpfonf?
jyXgef;xm;aomt&SdefxufydkI armif;ESifjcif;onfw&m;r0ifay? jyXgef;xm;aom t&SdefE+H;onf
tjrefqHk;armif;ESifEdkifaomt&Sdefjzpfonf?
tcsdK haomvrf;rsm;wGif taES;qHk;armif;Edkifaomt&SdefEH+;udk az:jyxm;onf? yHkrSef&moDOwk/
vrf;ESifh ,mOfa}umtajctaersm;wGif az:jyxm;aomEH+;xufydkI aES;vGef;pGmarmif;ESifjcif;onf
w&m;r0ifay?
rSwfcsuf? ?vrf;qHkvrf;cGrsm;odk ht&Sdefjyif;pGmjcif;uyfjcif;jzifhtvSnfh}uarmif;ESifr+tcGifh ta&;
qHk;&+H;jyDjzpfI Oya'csdK;azmufonfrnf.?
atmufaz:jyyg t&SdefE+H;rsm;onf owfrSwfpHE+H;rsm;jzpfonf? tu,fIoD;jcm;tjrefE+H;wpfpHk
wpf&m az:jyrxm;cJhv#if T pHEH+;rsm;twdkif; vdkufem&rnf?

wpfem&D 10 rdkifE+H; ==== vrf;oG,frsm;

wpfem&D 30 rdkifEH+; ==== jrdK hjy/ aus;&Gmvrf;rsm;
wpfem&D 55 rdkifE+H; ==== txufaz:jyygae&mrsm;rSvGJItjcm;ae&mrsm;tm;vHk;
(oD;jcm;tjrefEH+;az:jyrxm;cJhv#if)

ausmif;{&d,mtwGif; ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;&Sdaeygu t&Sdefav#mhcsyg? tvkyfvkyfaeaom

{&d,m/ jyKjyifwnfaqmufaeaom{&d,mrsm;wGift&Sdefav#mhjyD;owdjzifh armif;ESifyg? jyXgef;xm;
aomtjrefE+H;rsm;udk tpOftjrJvdkufemyg?

tjrefE+H;uef howfcsufESifh 'g%fa}u;rsm;

tjrefE+H;uef howfcsufxufydkjyD;armif;ESifcJhv#if'g%fa}u;ay;aqmif&rnf? tu,fItjrefE+H;uef h
owfcsufxuf wpfem&D v#if 20 rdkifeSifhtxuf ydkjyD;armif;ESifpOf oifhtm;zrf;rdcJhv#if tydk'g%f
a}u;ygaqmif&rnf? aqmufvkyfa&;ae&mrsm;wGif uef howfxm;aomtjrefE+H; xufydkarmif;cJhv#if

26
'g%fa}u;ESpfq ay;aqmif&rnf? tu,fI oifonf wpfem&D 100rdkifE+H;eSifhtxuf armif;ESifpOf
zrf;rdygu oif.,mOfarmif;ESifcGifh vkdifpif udk teJqHk; (6)vzsufodrf;rnf?

t&Sdefavsmharmif;jcif;
tajctaetrsdK;rsdK;a}umifh t&Sdefavsmharmif;ESif&aomtcsdefrsm;&Sdygonf? t&Sdefjrifharmif;ESifjcif;
a}umifh jrifEdkifpGrf;{&d,musOf;ajrmif;oGm;jyD;,mOfwdkufcdkufr+jzpfyGg;apE+H;jrifhrm;vmonfudk tpOft
jrJ owd,aeyg?
ta&;ay:,mOfonf/ ta&;ay:tcsufjyrD;xGef;xm;jyD;&yfem;xm;aomae&mrsdK;wGif/ oifonf
t&Sdef avsmharmif;ESif&rnfjzpfonf? TtcsufudkoifcsdK;azmufusL;vGefcJhv#if/ 'g%fa}u;tjyif
teJqHk; (25) a':vmxyfay;aqmif&rnf? tvHudkifxm;olrsm;/vrf;jzwful;olrsm;/ twm; tqD;t
umt&H/ rD;a&mifESifha&mifjyefawG h&Sdaomae&mrsm;wGif t&Sdefav#mharmif;ESif&rnf? oifonf vrf;
usOf;rsm;/ vrf;csdK;vrf;auG hrsm;/t0dkif;rsm;/ ukef;jrifhvrf;rsm;/ &xm;vrf;rsm;awG honfhtcgwdkif;
t&Sdefavsmh&ef vHk;0vdktyfonf? &moDOwkqdk;0g;aecsdefESifh vrf;ysufpD;aeaomtajctaersm;wGifvJ
t&Sdefavsmharmif;eSif&rnfjzpfonf?

wHwm;rsm;ay:tjrefE+H;uef howfcsufrsm;
wHwm;rsm;ay:Yaz:jyxm;aom tjrefE+H;rsm;ESifhjzwfausmfroGm;& (No Passing ) [laomqdkif;bkwf
rsm; twdkif;/ waoGrwdrf;vdkufem&rnf?

tcsufjyoauFwrsm;
auG hvkdonfhtcg/ ,mOfa}umajymif;vdkonfhtcgrsm;wGif oifjyKvkyfvdkonfht&mtm; tjcm;,mOf
armif;olrsm;od&SdEdkif&ef/ rSefuefaomtcsufjyu&d,mudktoHk;jyKItcsufjy&rnf? tcsufjyjcif;udk
rauG hrD teJqHk; ay(100) }udKwifvkyf&rnfjzpfjyD;/ vHk;0auG hjyD;(odk h),mOfa}umajymif;jyD;onf
txd qufvuftcsufjyay;ae&rnf?

vufjzifhtcsufjyjcif;oauFwrsm;
ae htcsdefaea&mifjcnf&SdaeaomtcsdefwGif/tcsufjyu&d,mrsm;tpm; vufjzifhtcsufjyjcif;(odk h)
ESpfrsdK;pvHk;udkaomfvnf;aumif; jyKvkyfedkifonf? ntcsdefYaomfvnf;aumif;/ ,mOfay:Yukefwif
27
xm;v#ifaomfvnf;aumif;/vufjzifhtcsufjyjcif;udktjcm;,mOfarmif;olrsm;rjrifEdkifaoma}umifh
xdktcsdefrsm;udk vufjzifhtcsufjyjcif; rjyKvkyf&ay?

,mOfa}umajymif;jcif;
,mOfarmif;EsifaeonfhtcsdefwGif auG hvdkonfhtcg/ tjcm;,mOfa}umESifhyl;aygif;&efvdkonfhtcg/
(odk h) c&D;pOfajymif;vJvdkonfhtcgrsm;wGif/ ,mOfa}umajymif;&efvdktyfvmedkifonf? ,mOfa}um
ajymif;jcif;onf tEN&,f&Sdwwfay&m/ owdjzifhvkyfaqmif&efvdkayonf? ,mOfa}umrajymif;rD oif
. ab;0J,m/ta&Sh/taemuf wGifvHkavmufaom ae&mvGwf&Sd&efvdktyfonf? oifajymif;vdkonfh
,mOf a}umzufodk hoifhOD;acgif;udkvSnfh}unfhjyD;/tjcm;aom,mOfrsm;udk}unfhyg? rSefrSwpfqifh om
}unfh cJhv#if tjcm;aom,mOfrsm;udkaumif;pGmawG hjrif&vdrfhrnfr[kwfbJ/ rSefYrjrifEdkifaom t&m
rsm; (Blind spots.) udkrl jrifawG hedkifrnfr[kwf?

rsufuG,ftrSwf (Blind Spots)

rsufuG,ftrSwf (Blind spots) qdkonfrSm oifh,mOfteD;wpf0dkuf{&d,m&dS jrifuGif;rSuG,faeaom t
&mrsm;udkqdkvdk jcif;jzpfonf? vrf;av#mufaeolrsm;(odk h) tjcm;aom,mOfrsm;/ rsufuG,ft rSwf
(Blind spots) twGif;a&muf&SdaecJhv#if oif.aemuf}unfhrSefrsm;/ ab;rSefrsm;wGif awG h&vdrfh rnf
r[kwfay? ,mOf'DZdkif;yHkpHESifhacgifrdk;yHkpHrsm;rS/ rsufuG,frSwf (Blind spots) &Sd&mae&m owfrSwf ay;
onf? xdk htjyif avum rSefrsm;npfayaejcif;ESifhrD;a&mifrSdefaeygv#ifvnf; ,m,DrsufuG,f rSwf
rsm; wnf&SdaewwfonfudkowdjyKyg?
oifh,mOf.rsufuG,frSwfwnf&Sd&mae&mudk/ od&Sdxm;&eftxl;ta&;}uD;ygonf? ,mOfa}umrajymif;
rD (odk h) csdK;auG hjcif;rjyKrD/ oifhOD;acgif;udkv#ifjrefpGmvSnfh}unfhjyD; rsufuG,frSwftwGif;Y vrf;
av#muf aeolrsm;/ tjcm;,mOfrsm;&Sd r&Sd}unfhyg? tjcm;,mOfrsm;.rsufuG,frSwftwGif; oifh,mOf
a&muf&Sdraeap&efvnf;*&kpdkufyg? pD;yGg;oHk;,mOf }uD;rsm; teD;armif;ESifaecsdefwGif xdk,mOf}uD;
rsm;.rsufuG,frSwftwGif;rS vGwfaeap&ef txl;owdjyKyg?

tcsdK;/tauG hrsm;
yHkrSefr[kwfaomcsdK;auG hr+rsm;a}umifh,mOfwdkufr+rsm;pGm jzpfay:&ygonf? oif.a&Sh/vHkavmufaom
tus,ft0ef;Y rSefuefaom,mOfa}umtwGif;odk htEN&,fuif;pGm a&GGhv#m;0ifa&mufjyD;rS/ oifauG h
vdkonfhzufodk hauG hyg?
tcsdK;tauG hrvkyfrD/
• t&Sdefav#mhyg/teJqHk;ay 100 }udKwifjyD;tcsufjyyg?tcsufjyjcif;jzifh oifbmvkyfvdkonfudk
vrf;av#mufolrsm;ESifhtjcm;,mOfarmif;rsm;od&Sdrnf?
• auG h&efapmifhqdkif;aepOf/um;bD;rsm;ajzmifhaeapyg? oifhajcaxmufudkum; b&dwfay:wif
xm; yg? tu,fIoifh,mOftm; taemufzufrSwdkufcHxdcJhv#if oifh,mOfonf ta&ShrS vm
aom ,mOfrsm;eSifhk wdkufrdEdkifajcenf;yg;ayvdrfhrnf?
• oif,mOfudk csdL;auG honfhtcdsefxd tcsufjyaeyg?
• rSm;,Gif;aom,mOfa}umrS&kwfw&ufcsdK;auG hjcif;rjyK&?

28
b,fauG h?= oifhtaemufrS,mOf&Sif;r&Sif;}unfhjyD;/oif
b,fauG hvkda}umif;tcsufjyjyD;v#if/ tv,f rsOf;
a}umif;eSifh teD;qHk;&dSaom vrf; a}umif;odkh ajymif;yg?
tu,fI vrf;a}umif;wm; rsOf;a}umif;r&dSygu/ oifh
um;udk vrf;tv,fzufodkha&$ hyg? csdK; rauG hrD/ b,feSifh
nmzuf okdh}unhfhyg? vkdtyfv#if tjcm;wzufrS vmae
aom,mOfudk OD;pm;ay;yg? ,mOfarmif;vufwHudk wywf
vSnfhjyD;wzufvrf;&dS tvnfrsOf; a}umif; .nmzuf Y
&dSaom vrf;a}umif;odkhauGhyg?
nmauG h?= oifhtaemufrS,mOf&Sif;r&Sif;}unfhjyD;/
oifnmauG hvkda}umif;tcsufjyjyD;v#if/ nmzuf
vrf;pGef;eSifheD;atmifa&Ghyg? csdK; rauG hrD/ b,feSifh
nmzuf okdh}unhfhyg? vkdtyfv#if tjcm;wzufrS vmae
aom,mOfudk OD;pm;ay;yg? ,mOfarmif;vufwHudk
wywf vSnfhjyD; vrf;ab;eSifhteD;qHk;&dSaom vrf;
a}umif;odkhauGhyg?

• oifauG h0ifrnfhvrf;&Sd,mOfa}umrsm;ESifhtwm;tqD;rsm;udkapmifh}unfhyg?
• tqHk;owfcsdK;auG hjcif;udkrSefuefaom,mOfa}umYjyD;apyg? (txufygyHkudk}unfhyg)
• oif.a&ShrS,mOfonf b,fzuf (vuf0J)odk hauG h&ef tcsufjyaev#if/ t&Sdefav#mhcsjyD;
&yfEdkif&ef toifhjyifxm;yg?
• rD;pdrf;aecsdef/oifhOD;wnfzufrS,mOfrsm;tq
ufrjywfvmaeI/ b,fzuf (vuf0J)odk h
auG h &efapmifhqdkif;ae&pOf/ um;udkvrf;qHk
twGif;/ oifhudk,fcE<mESifhrsOf;csdK;wpfwef;
wnf; ae&m wGif&yfapmifhyg?
rD;t0ga&mifajymif;oGm;csdefwGif oifcsdK;auG h
EdkifaomtcGifh&Edkifygonf?

29
rDeDpOfcsdK;auG hjcif;
nmzuf (vuf,m )auG hjcif;
vrf;qHkvrf;cGrsm;pGmwGif/ rD;eDaepOfnmzuf(vuf,m)auG hEdkifayonf? oifonfrSefuef aom
vrf;a}umtwGif;&Sdae&rnfjzpfjyD;oif.,mOfrSmvHk;0&yfwef hae&rnfjzpfonf? “rD;eDpOfnmrauhG
&” (No Turn on Red ) qdkif;bk'fawG h&Sdaomae&mrsm;wGifrl nmzufauG hjcif;rjyK&? OD;wnf t&yf
tm;vHk;rS ,mOfa}umrsm;udk aojcmpGm}unfhjyD; oifauG hvdkonfhvrf; &Sif;atmifapmifh}unfh yg?
oifha&Sht&yfrS bufzufauG h vmaeaom,mOfukdapmifh }unf hyg? oifhrD; t pdrf;a&mif rajymif;rD/
oifha&Shqef husifzufrS,mOfa}umonf tpdrf;a&mif jrSm;&Sdedkif onf udkowdjyKyg?

bufzuf (vuf0J )auG hjcif;

rD;eDaepOf/owfrSwfxm;aomtajctaersm;ESifhjynfhpHkv#if/ oifonfwpfvrf;armif;vrf; a}umrS/ t
jcm; wpfvrf;armif;vrf;a}umbufzufodk hcsdK;auG hEdkifonf? b,fauG hjcif;rjyKrD OD;pGm/,mOfudkvHk;0
&yfwef hyg? vrf;qHkvrf;cG&Sif;atmifapmifh}unhfyg? vrf;av#mufolrsm;/ tjcm;,mOfrsm;udk owd jyK
yg? oifauG h0ifvdkonfhvrf;.,mOfa}umrsm;onf oifauG h0if&efpdwfcsvHkjcHKaomtajctae/
30
tcGifhta&;&Sdae&rnf? rDeDpOfcsdK;auG hrnfqdkygu/
• vrf;av#mufolrsm;ESifhtjcm;,mOfrsm;udkOD;pm;ay;yg?
• “rD;eDpOfnmrauG h&” (No Turn on Red ) qdkif;bk'f&dSaomvrf;qHkrsm;wGif/ rD;pdrf;onftxd
apmifhjyD;rSauG h&rnf?

t0dkif;rsm;
omrmef (4)vrf;qHkae&mrsm;xuf/ t0dkif;ae&mrsm;onf/ ,mOfa}umpD;qif;r+ydkrdkacsmarG hap&ef yHkpH
jyKwnfaqmufxm;jcif;jzpfonf? t0dkif;ae&mrsm;odk hcsnf;uyfpOfwGif/
• vrf;qHkvrf;cGrsm;odk hcsOf;uyfwkdif;
t&Sdefav#mhyg?
• vrf;jzwful;olrsm;ESifhpufbD;pD;olrsm;udk
OD;pm;ay;yg?
• qdkif;bk'f(odk h) vrf;ab;abmifae&mY
wm;jrpf
csuf/txl;owday;csufrsm;&Sd/r&Sd}unfhyg?
• vHkavmufaomae&m&Sdv#ift0dkif;qDohdk
owdjzifh 0ifa&mufyg?
• em&DvufwHajymif;jyefyHkpHjzifharmif;0ifyg?
&yfwef hjcif;(odk h)tjcm;,mOfrsm;udk ausmf
wufjcif;rjyK&?
• t0dkif;rSxGufonfhtcg(odk h) ,mOfa}um
ajymif;onfhtcg/tcsufjyyg?
• xGufvdkonfhvrf;udkausmfvGefoGm;cJhv#if aemufxufwpfygwfqufoGm;jyD; rSxGufyg?

*i,fauG h (U-Turns)
t*FvdyftuQ&m“U”uJhodk h 180 'D*&DauG hjcif;udk*i,fauG h (U-Turns)h [kqdkvkdonf? oifhOD;
wnf&m ajymif;jyefvSnfhjcif;rsdK;jzpf.? tjcm;,mOfa}umrsm;udk taESmuft,Sufjzpfapedkifv#if
*i,fauG hjcif;rjyK&? ”*i,frauG h&” (No U-Turn ) qdkif;bk'f&Sdaomae&mrsm;wGif *i,fauG hjcif;
r jyK&? ta0; ajy; vrf;rrsm;ay:wGif*i,fauG hjcif;rjyK&? oifhtm;tjcm;aom,mOfarmif;olu ay
(1000) tuGm rSr jrifawG hEdkifaom/awmifukef;xdyfrsm;ESifh vrf;auG h csdK;rsm;wGif*i,fauG h
jcif;rjyK&?

ausmfwufjcif;
rrSefruefausmfwufjcif;rsm;a}umifh ,mOfwdkufcdkufr+rsm;jzpfay:&onf? ntcsdefjrifEdkifr+enf;yg;
onfhtcgESifh vrf;acsmaeonfhtcgrsm;Y ausmfwufvdkv#ifowdydkIxm;&efvdkygonf?
,mOfvrf;a}umESpfvdkif;&SdjyD;/ qef husifzuf,mOfvrf;a}um&Sdaeaom vrf;rae&mrsdK;wGif oifha&Sh
rS,mOfudk ausmfwufvdkonfhtcg bufzuf(vuf0J) rS ausmfwufEdkifonf? ausmfwuf onfhtcg

31
owfrSwf xm;aomtjrefE+H;xufrydkoifhyg? ausmfwufvdkonfhtcg/ oifESifh,mOfa}um t}um; vHk
jcHK jyD;tEN&,fuif;onfhtuGmta0;&Sd&ef vdktyfonfudkowdjyKyg? oifhtaemufrS ,mOf onfvnf;
oifhtm;ausmfwuf&efjyefqifaejcif;&Sdr&SdowdjyKyg? oifhtaemufrS,mOfu oifhtm; ausmf wuf&ef
jyefqifaecJhv#if oifh,mOfa}umtwdkif;om qufaejyD; t&SdefjrSifhwifjcif;rjyK&?
b,fzuf (0Jzuf )rSausmfwufjcif;rjyKrD b,fzufauG h&eftcsufjyrD;udk}udKwifoHk;jyxm;yg?
ausmf wufjyD; nmzuf(,mzuf)odk hjyefvnf,mOfa}umrajymif;rD/ nmzufauG h&eftcsuf jyrD; udk
}udKwif jyjyD;oifausmfwufcJhaom,mOftm;/ aemuf}unfhrSeftwGif;wpfpD;vHk;awG hjrif&onfh tcgrS
nmzuf ,mOfa}umodk hjyef0ifyg? aemufxyf,mOfwpfpD;tm;xyfrHrausmfwufrD/ oifonf ta&Shay
100 tvdkrSpjyD;vrf;r. nmzuftjcrf;odk hjyefvnfa&muf&Sdae&rnf?
“ausmfrwuf&” (No Passing Zone ) qdkif;bk'fae&mYausmfwuf&efr}udK;pm;ygESifh? vrf;rt
v,fYt0ga&mifrsOf;vdkif;txl&dSaomae&mYausmfrwuf&? t0ga&mifrsOf; vdkif;ESpf a}umif;awG h
aomae&mYqef husifzufESpf&yfpvHk;rS,mOfrsm; ausmfwufjcif;rjyK&?
ausmfrwuf&aom{&d,mrsm;rSm/=
• ukef;jrifhESifhvrf;auG hrsm;YteJqHk; ta&Shay 700 odk hrjrifEdkifaomae&m/
• vrf;qHkvrf;cG/Orifvdkifacgif;/wHwm;atmufESifh&xm;vrf;ae&mrsm;. ay 100 aom
{&d,mtwGif;/
• qef husifzufvrf;rSoifhxHrsufESmcsif;qdkifvmaeaom,mOfESifhqHkv#if?

nmzuf(vuf,m)rSausmfwufjcif;rsm;
atmufaz:jyygtajcaersm;wGifom,mOfarmif;olonfah&SrS,mOftm;ausmfwufEdkifonf?
• oifausmfwufrnfh,mOfu/ b,fzuf(vuf0J)auG h&efjyifqifaecsdef/
• OD;wnf&yfESpfzufpvHk;yg&Sdaom/ta0;ajy;vrf;r(odk h)vrf;rsm;.tumt&Hr&Sdaomvrf;ab;
zcHk;wGif,mOf a}umESpfvdkif;oHk;vdkif;udkydwfjyD; &yfem;xm;aom,mOfrsm;r&SdcJhv#if/
• ,mOfa}umESpfvdkif;EsifhtxuftwGuf vHkavmufaom{&d,m&SdjyD; vrf;ay:Yrnfonfhtmum
t&Htwm;tqD;rSr&SdcJhv#if/ xdkodk haomwpfvrf;armif;vrf;/ (odk h)tjcm;rnf onfvrf;rsdK;
rqdkY/ ,mOfa}umajymif;armif;&efn$efjyxm;onfhtcg/
• vkHjcHKpdwfjcpGmausmfwufcGifhjyKxm;aomae&rsmwGifomnmzuf(vuf,m)rSausmfwufEdkif
onf/um;vrf;ab;zcHk;ay:(vloGm;vrf;&Sdonfjzpfap/r&Sdonfjzpfap) um;vrf;ab; zcHk;
ay:xufausmfvGefjyD;aomfvnf;aumif;/ um;oGm;&efowfrSwfxm;aom {&d,mxufausmf
vGefjyD; ,mOfarmif;ESifjcif;udk/ rnfonfhta}umif;udpPrsm;ESifhrScGifhjyKvdrfhrnfr[kwf?

aemufqkwfjcif;
wm0eft&armif;ESifaeaomta&;ay:,mOfrsm;rSvGJI/ ta0;ajy;vrf;ESifhtjrefvrf;rrsm;ay:wGif
aemufjyefqkwfarmif;jcif;rjyK&? trsm;jynfoloHk;vrf;ay:wGifaemufqkwfarmif;jcif;onf? rqif
rjcif armif;ESifjcif;/ayghqjcif;tjzpfowfrSwf jyD;ta&;,lcH&rnfjzpfonf?
tu,fIoifhtdrfa&Shvrf;rSvrf;ray:odk haemufqkwfxGuf&efvdktyfygu/teD;qHk;,mOfa}umodk h
aemufqkwfxGufjyD;rS/ a&ShOD;wnf&modk hqufarmif;yg? vHkjcHKpdwfjcpGmaemufqkwfEdkif&ef aojcmaom
tajctaersdK;rSvGJjyD;/ rnfonfhtcgrSvrf;ray:odk huef h vef hjzwfqkwf0ifjcif;rjyK&?

32
 aemufrqkwfrD/oifh,mOftaemuftm;vHk;&Sif;r&Sif;udk ,mOfay:rSqif;jyD;a&Smuf}unfhoifhonf?
aemufrqkwfrD/ oif.a&Sh/aemuf/ab;0J,modk h}unfhyg? aemufqkwfaepOfaemufrSefrSwpfqifhquf
wdkuf}unfhae&efvdkonf? aemuf}unfhrSefwpfckwnf;udktm;udk;IrvHkavmufay? oifESifhteD;qHk;
aom ,mOfa}umodk hajz;ajz;qkwf0ifyg?

,mOf&yfem;jcif; ( Parking )
yHkrSef&yfem;xm;aom,mOfwpfpD;.vrf;ab;zuf&Sdum;bD;onfvrf;ab;abmifrS(12)vufrtwGif;
&Sdae&rnf?
Ttrsm;jynfoloHk;vrf;ray:oif.um;udk/vlr&SdbJ&yfem;jyD;xm;cJhrnfqdkv#if/um;a&ShbD;udk/
vrf; ab;abmif(odk h)vrf;ycHk;zufodk hvSnfhxm;&rnfjzpfjyD;/ &yfem;b&dwf(vufb&dwf)udk qGJxm;
cJh&rnf? tu,fI b&dwfcsdK h,Gif;r+a}umifh oif.,mOfa&$ hoGm;cJhv#if/vrf;ab;abmifodk hvSnfhxm;
cJhaom bD;a}umifh/vrf;ray:odk hvdrfhxGufroGm;bJ/ vrf;ab;abmifESifh xdjyD;&yfoGm;rnf jzpfonf?

ukef;jrifhae&m,mOf&yfem;jcif;/

&yfxm;aomum;onf ukef; &yfxm;aomum;onf ukef; wuf &yfxm;aomum;onf ukef;

qif;udk rsufESmrlaev#if/ udk rsufESmrlaejyD;/vrf;ab;abmif wufudk rsufESmrlaejyD;/ vrf;
um;bD;udk vrf;eab; &Sdaev#if/ um;bD;udk vrf;tjyif ab;abmifr&dScJhv#if/ um;bD;
abmifzufodkhvSnfhxm;yg? zufodkh vSnfhxm;yg? udk vrf;eab;zufodkhvSnfhyg?

atmufaz:jyygae&mrsm;wGif,mOf&yfem;jcif;rjyK&/
• vrf;qHk/vrf;cGae&mtwGif;
• vrf;jzwful;&mae&m/(odk h)vrf;ab;vloGm;vrf;
• vrf;qHkvrf;cG&Sdvrf;jzwful;&mae&mrS ay(20)twGif;
• trsm;jynfoloHk;vrf;ray:&Sd/rdSwfcsnfvif;csnftcsufjyrD;ae&m/&yf (Stop) qdkif;bk'fae
&mESifh ,mOfa}umxdrf;ndStcsufjyrD;ae&mrsm;rS ay(30)twGif;
• &xm;jzwfvrf;.teD;qHk;&xm;vrf;rS ay(50)twGif;
• rD;owfa&ydkufacgif;rS ay (10 )twGif;
• pmwkdufyHk;tah&S/

33
 • wl;azmufaeaomvkyfuGuf(odk h)um&Hwm;qD;xm;aomvkyfuGufrsm;ESifh,SOfv#uf (odk h)uef h
vef hjzwftaetxm; ( ,mOfa}umudkydwfqdk haecJhv#if)
• tdrfah&St0iftxGufum;vrf;ESifh,mOfoGm;vrf;r
• rnfonfhwHwm;rsm;ay:Yrqdk
• ta0;ajy;vrf;Orifvd+ifacgif;twGif;
• ,mOfa}umwnf&Sd&mzuftjcrf;(odk h)ta0;ajy;vrf;rzufjcrf;
(,mOfESpfxyf&yfem;jcif; udkqdkvdkonf )
• aq;t0ga&mifokwfvrf;ab;abmif(odk h),mOfr&yf& (No Parking)
qdkif;bk'f&Sd&mae&mrsm;

,mOfa}umwpfwef;wnf;&yfem;jcif;

2? um;bD;udk nm
1? ta&ShYum;&dS ae zuf wif;wif;vSnfh
aomfvJ/ waycJG t jyD;/ aemufodkhjznf;
uGmavmufwGif&yfyg? jznf;qkwfyg?

3? ta&Shum;eSifhvGwfjyD 4? um;bD;udk nmzufodkh wif;

qdkv#if/ um;bD;udk b,f wif;vSnhfjyD; vrf;ab; abmif
zufodkhwif;wif;vSnfhjyD;/ qDodkhvSnfhjyD; tv,fae&m
qufjyD; aemufodkh ajz; vGwfwGif&yfyg?
ajz; qkwfyg?

ta0;ajy;vrf;ray:&yfem;jcif;
rnfonfhta}umif;rsm;jzifhrqdk/ta0;ajy;vrf;ray:&yfem;cJhaom,mOfrsm;tm;vHk;/vrf;r.yifr{&d
,mrSz,f&Sm;ay;rnfjzpfonf? tu,fIoif.,mOfudka&G hr&cJhv#if/ xifomjrifom&Sdaom trSwf
tom;wpfckck(odk h) tcsufjyu&d,mzGifhxm;jyD;oif.,mOfESifhtjcm;,mOfarmif; olrsm;xdcdkuf ysuf
pD;r+r&Sdap&efjyifqifxm;cJhyg?
34
 ntcsdef(odk h)tvrf;a&mifvdktyfaomtcsdefrsm;wGif ta0;ajy;vrf;ray:,mOf&yfem;xm;cJh
rnfqdk v#if/ teJqHk; tjzLa&mif(odk h) t0g(vdarRmf)a&mif a&ShrD;wpfvHk;ESifh taemufzufwGif teJ
qHk;teDa&mif rD;wpfvHk;xGef;ndSxm;&rnf?xdkrD;rsm;udk teJqHk;ay (500)tuGmta0;rSjrifawG h
Edkif&rnf? tjcm;,mOfarmif;olrsm;od&SdEdkif&ef ,mOf&yfem;rD;ESifh tEN&,ftcsufay;rD;rsm;udkvnf;
xGef;ndSxm;yg? &yfem;xm;aom ,mOf. a&ShrD;}uD;rsm;udk rD;tm;edrfhtqifhwGifxm;yg?

tjcm;aom,mOfOya'rsm;
xdkifcHkcg;ygwfOya'rsm;
oif,mOfYwnfaqmufyg&SdaomtEN&,fuif;vHkjcHKr+ud&d,mrsm;tm;vHk;wGif/xdkifcHkcg;ygwfonf
oif.touftEN&,fudkydkrdktumtuG,fjyKEdkifonf? rDeDpdk;xmjynfe,fOya't&/ ,mOfrsm;
tm;vHk;YxdkifcHkcg;ygwfrsm;yg&Sd&rnfjzpfjyD;/xdkcg;ygwfudk rjzpfraeoHk;&rnfjzpfonf?

tu,fI oifonf/xdkifcHkcg;ygwfrsm;udktoHk;rjyKcJhygv#ifatmufaz:jyygta}umif;tcsufrsm;
udkod&Sdxm;&efvdkayonf?
• ,mOfwdkufr+jzpfcJhv#if aoa}u'g%f&m&&SdEdkifajc/ (4)q ydkrdk.
• wpfem&D (12 )rdkifE+H;r#jzifharmif;ESifonfhtcsdefwGifyif,mOfwdkufr+jzpfcJhygu aoqHk;onf
txd jzpfEdkif.?
• cg;ygwftoHk;jyKxm;jcif;a}umifh,mOfwdkufr+jzpfcJhv#if/,mOftwGif;rSvGifhxGufroGm;ap
&efumuG,fay;onf? ,mOftwGif;rSvGifhpifxGufoGm;olonf aoqHk;jcif; (odk h) jyif;xef
pGm'g%f&m&jcif;wdk hjzpfapEdkifonf?

atmufaz:jyygtajcaersm;wGif/cg;ygwftm;rSefuefcdkifjrJIwif;wif;&if;&if;ygwfxm;&efvdktyf./
• c&D;onfwif,mOf(odk h) pD;yGg;oHk;,mOfrsm;armif;ESifol
• c&D;onfwif,mOf(odk h) pD;yGg;oHk;,mOfrsm;.a&ShxdkifcHkrSvdkufygpD; eif;oltm;vHk;
• touf(11)ESpfatmufc&D;onftm;vHk;
• ,mOfarmif;olY,m,Darmif;ESifcGifhvdkifpif(odk h)tarmif;oifygrpfom&SdcJhv#iftouf
(18)ESpf atmuf vdkufygpD;eif;oltm;vHk;

atmufaz:jyygtajctaersm;wGifcg;ygwfwwfqifxm;&efrvdkyg?
• c&D;onfwif,mOftm;aemufqkwfarmif;ESif&onftcg/
• tjcm;c&D;onfrsm;ucg;ygwfrsm;tm;vHk;toHk;jyKxm;jyD;oifuyHkrSeftaetxm;jzifh xdkifae
aomfvnf;oifhtwGufcg;ygwfr&Sdawmhonfhtcg?
• usef;rma&;atajctae&oifonfcg;ygwfwwfqiftoHk;jyKIr&a}umif; q&m0ef .axmuf
cHpm&Sdxm;ol
• tvkyfoabmw&m;t&,mOftay:ESifhatmufr}umc%qif;csDwufcsDvkyfudkif&onfhtcg
(wpfem&D (25)rdkifE+H;xufrydkaomt&Sdefjzifharmif;ESifpOfom)
• tar&duefjynfaxmifpkpmydk hvkyfief;.awm&GmjrdK hi,fpmydk hum;jzifhwm0efxrf;aqmifaeol
35
 • v,f,muÀoHk;ypfuyfum;udkarmif;ESif/pD;eif;aepOf/
• 1965ckESpfZefe0g&Dv(1)&ufae hrwdkifrDxkwfvkyfaom,mOftm;armif;ESifpOf

xdkifcHkcg;ygwfrsm;udkrSefuefpGmtoHk;jyKjcif;
ycHk;ESifhcg;atmufcg;ygwfrsm;udktwlwuGrSefuefpGmtoHk;jyKjcif;jzifh,mOfwdkufcdkufr+rsm;jzpfwkdif;
oifhtm;ab;tEN&,frSvGwfajrmufEdkifajcydkrsm;ygonf? cg;atmufcg;ygwfudkwHyg;&dk; (odk h) aygif
txufydkif;Y wif; wif;&if;&if;ygwfxm;yg? aysmhavsmhaom0rf;ydkuf {&d,mwpf0dkufY ygwfxm;
jcif;rjyK&? ycHk;cg; ygwfonf oif.ycHk;tvnfydkif;ESifh/ &ifygwfwpf0dkufwif;wif;&if;&if; ygwf
xm;&rnf? xdkifcHkcg; ygwfrsm;udkom/ ykHrSeftaetxm;twdkif;/ wwfqiftoHk;jyKxm;cJhv#if/ ,mOf
wkdufcdkufr+jzpfyGg;onfhtcg oifhtm;xdcdkuftemw,jzpfr+av#myg;apygonf?

arG;uif;pt&G,fESifhcav;oli,frsm;qdkif&mxdkifcHkOya'rsm;
,mOftrsm;pk.taemufzufxdkifcHkrsm;onfvHkjcHKpdwfjcr+trsm;qHk;xdkifcHkae&mjzpfygonf? c&D;onf
twGufavtdwfyg&Sdaom,mOfrsm;wGiftouf(12)ESpfatmufcav;rsm;tm;vHk;onftaemufxdkifcHk
Y omvdkufygpD;eif;cGifh&Sdonf? touf(4)ESpfatmufcav;oli,frsm;onf jynfe,ftpdk;&todt
rSwf jyKxm;aomvHkjcHKr+pHepfowfrSwfpHEH+;rD/ cav;xdkifcHkYomvdkufygpD;eif;cGifh&SdjyD; cav;xdkifcHktm;
rSefuefpGmwwfqifxm;&rnf?
arG;uif;pcav;oli,frsm;twGufrl/ vHkjcHKr+pHepfowfrSwfpHEH+;rD/cav;xdkifcHkudk ,mOftaemuf
zufudk rsufESmjyK xm;aomyHkpHjzifhxJhxm;&rnfjzpfjyD; touf(1)ESpfjynfhjyD;/ udk,ftav;csdefaygif
(20)&dSvmaomt&G,f txdxkdyHkpHtwdkif;&dSae&rnf?
touf(1)ESpfjynfhjyD;udk,ftav;csdefaygif(20)&dSvmaomt&G,fcav;rsm;udk/ ausmrDtjrifh
pm;cav;xdkifcHk ( high-back booster seat.) wGif ta&ShzufrsufESmrlaom taetxm;jzifh xm;&Sd
Edkifonf? cav;xdkifcHkodkif;cg;ygwfonfcav;.ycHk;txufyHkpHY&Sdae&rnf? xdkcav;xdkifcHk
(booster seat ) tm;puf&Hkxkwfn$ef}um;csuftwdkif;wwfqifyg?
touf 4ESpfrS 8ESpftwGif;cav; udk,ftav;csdefaygif (40 rS 80) &SdjyD;t&yftjrifh 4 ay 9
vufr atmuf&Sdolrsm;tzdk hta&ShzufrsufESmjyKcav;xdkifcHk(booster seat) YompD;eif;oifhjyD;/
cav;xdkif cHk&Sdcg;ygwftjyif/ vl}uD;oHk;cg;ygwfudkvnf;wwfqifxm;&rnf? ycHk;cg;ygwfonf
ycHk;ESifh&ifygwfudkwif;wif;&if;&if;&Sdatmifygwfxm;&rnf?

cav;rsm;twGufvHkjcHKr+n$ef}um;csufrsm;
oif.cav;rsm;vHkjcHKr+&Sdap&ef}udKwifumuG,fjcif;tjzpf/}udK;yJhuGJ&Saeaomcav;xdkifcHkrsm;ESifh
xkwfvkyfr+oufwrf; (6)ESpfESifhtxuf&SdjyD;aomcav;xdkifcHkrsm;udktoHk;rjyK&?
• ta&ShzufrsufESmjyKarG;uif;pcav;xdkifckHrsm;udk,mOf.avtdwfa&Shwnfhwnfhae&mY
wwfqifjcif;rjyK&
• ,mOfpD;eif;vdkufygpOfcav;oli,frsm;udkoif.aygifay:wifxm;jcif;rjyK&
• x&yfum;ESifh0uf*Gef (station wagon) rsm;.ukefypPnf;wifonfhae&mY cav;rsm;udk
ae&mjcrxm;&?

36
c&D;onfvHkjcHKa&;
,mOfYvdkufygpD;eif;olrsm;vHkjcHKr+&Sda&;onf ,mOfarmif;ol.wm0efjzpfonf?
vdkufygpD;eif;oltm;vHk;cg;ygwfygwfxm;jyD;a}umif;udkppfaq;yg/ cav;oli,frsm;. xdkifcHkYt
ouft&G,ftvdkuf cg;ygwfudkrSefuefpGmygwfxm;jyD;a}umif;ppfaq;yg?

vl}uD;r&SdbJcav;i,frsm;udkrnfonfhtcgrS,mOftwGif;Ycsefrxm;&
cav;oli,frsm;ESifhouf}uD;&G,ftdkrsm;udk/,mOftwGif;wpfa,muf wnf; csef&pfrxm;&?
tcsdK haomtajctaersm;wGifatmufaz:jyygta}umif;t&mrsm;jzpfay:EdkifonfudkowdjyKyg?
• um;xJYusefcJhaom olu um;udk toHk;jyKjyD;/ ,mOfwdkufr+Yyg0ifygwfoufEdkifygonf?
• ,mOftwGif;tyl&SdefoltEN&,f&SdavmufonftxdjrifhwufvmEdkifonf? ,mOftwGif; &Sdae
olonftyl&SdefjrifhvGef;jcif;(odk h)at;vGef;jcif;wdk ha}umifhaoqHk;(odk h) jyif;xefpGm temw,
jzpfEdkifonf?
• ,mOftwGif;Yc&D;onf&Sdaeonfudkowdrr+rdolwpfOD;u/oif.,mOfudkzsufqD; (odk h) cdk;,l
oGm; Edkifonf?
• wpfpHkwpfOD;u oif.,mOftwGif;zsufqD;0ifa&mufjyD;,mOftwGif;&Sdaeoltm;/ckd;,l/
jyefay;qJG(odk h)temw,jzpfatmifjyKvkyfEdkifonf?

vlr&SdbJoif.,mOftm;csefxm;onfhtcgrsm;
olcdk;rsm;udkrzdwfac:ygESifh? ,mOfwHcg;rsm;udkaomhcgwfcJhjyD;/ aomhudkoifESifhtwl,laqmifoGm;yg?
,mOfpufzGifhjyD;csefrxm;ygESifh? um;aomhudk,mOftwGif;rnfonfhae&mwGifrScsefrxm;ygESifh/ wefzdk;
}uD;ypPnf;rsm;/ wefzdk;}uD;onf[kxif&aomypPnf;rsm;udk,mOftwGif;csefrxm;ygESifh?
tdrfarG; wd&dpm>efrsm;udk ,mOftwGif;csefrxm;&? (txl;ojzifh&moDOwkylvGef;onfhtcg (odk h)
at;vGef; aeonfhtcg)? jyif;xefaomtyl&Sdefonf tdrfarG;wd&dpm>efrsm;twGuf tEN&,frsm; onf?

avtdwfrsm;
avtdwfrsm;onfvHkjcHKr+taxmuftuljyKpHepfwpfrsdK;jzpfonf? xdcdkuf'g%f&m &r+rsm;
av#mhyg;ap&ef &nf&G,fjyD; avtdwfrsm;udk cg;ygwfrsm;ESifhtwl vdkufavsmnDaxGtvkyf vkyfap&ef
wnfaqmufxm;./ avtdwfrsm;u,mOftwGif;&Sdaeoltm; ,mOftwGif;rS vGifhpifxGuf
roGm;ap&efyHkpHjyKxm;jcif;r[kwfay? vHkjcHKr+ta}umif;rsm;udktajccHI touf(12)EspfESifh atmuf
&Sdolrsm;onf/ ,mOftaemuf zuf&Sd xdkifcHkYomtpOftjrJvdkufygpif;eif;&rnf?

avtdwfvHkjcHKr+qdkif&mt}uHjyKcsufrsm;
pwD&m&ifa*GESifhoifh&ifbwf}um;tuGmta0;rSm teJqHk; (10)vufr&Sdoifhonf? pwD&m&ifa*GY
oif.vufudkifxm;&rnfhyHkpHrSm em&DwpfvHk;. 8 ESifh 4 (odk h)9 ESSifh 3 eHygwf ae&mtwdkif; &Sdae
&rnf? 10 ESifh 2 eHygwfyHkpH vufudkifxm;jcif;udka&Smif}uOfyg? oifhvufrrsm;jzifhpwD&m&ifa*Gudk
qkwfudkifxm;yg?

37
 ,mOfarmif;ESifolab;&Sdc&D;onfxdkifcHktm; taemufodk hqkwfEdkifoIqkwfxm;yg?
avtdwfwwfqifxm;aom,mOftm;vdkufygpD;eif;armif;ESifjcif;rjyKrD/puf&HkxkwftoHk;jyKol vufpGJ
pmtkyfudk OD;pGmavhvmzwf&+xm;yg?
cg;ygwftoHk;jyKyHk/ avtdwfrsm;ta}umif;ESifhvHkjcHKr+xdkifcHkrsm;ta}umif;/ owif;tcsuftvuf
rsm;udk (www.dps.state.mn.us ) tifwmeuf 0ufbfqdk'fwGif/}unfh&+ avhvmEdkifygonf?

ayghqpGm/ &ef;um;pGmarmif;ESifjcif;rsm;
oif. ,mOfarmif;ESifaeyHk/&yfwef hxm;yHkonf/vltrsm;.touftdk;tdrfpnf;pdrfOpPmrsm; udkxdcdkuf
qHk;&H+;Edkifonf[k,Hk}unf&onfhtcsdefrsdK;udk/ ayghqpGmarmif;ESifjcif;[kowfrSwf./
vltrsm;.touftdk;tdrfpnf;pdrfOpPmrsm;udkxdcdkufqHk;&H+;Edkifonfudk*&krxm;bJ/&nf&G,fcsufjzifhjzpf
ap/ pdwfqENjzifhjzpfap (um;jydKifarmif;jcif;ESifhqka}u;&dSaom,SOfjydKifjcif;rsm;tygt0if) armif;ESif
jcif;rsdK;udk&ef;um;pGmarmif;ESifjcif;tjzpfowfrSwfonf?
owfrSwfxm;aomtjrefE+H;uef howfcsufudk*&krxm;bJ &nf&G,fcsufjzifh/,mOfwpfpD; (odk h) wpfpD;
xufydkjyD;/ tjrefE+H;jrifhrm;pGm ,SOfjydKifarmif;ESifr+rsdK;udk/um;jydKifarmif;jcif;tjzpfowfrSwf./
tu,fI oifonf/ayghq&ef;um;pGmarmif;ESifr+jzifhta&;,lcHcJh&v#if/tjypfom;wpfOD;uJhodk h w&m;
&kH;awmfY ppfaq;jcif;cH&rnf?

&Jt&m&SdxHrSxGufajy;jcif;
rdrd,mOfukdtoHk;jyKjyD; wm0efxrf;aqmifaeol &Jt&m&SdxHrSarmif;ESifxGufajy;jcif;onf/ Oya'
csdK;azmuf &ma&muf.? TOya'udkcsdK;azmufolrnfolrqdk/ &mZ0wfjypfr+twdkif; jypfr+pD&if jcif;cH
&rnfjzpfjyD;/ oHk;ESpfESifhwpf&ufxufrydkaomaxmif'g%fjzpfap/ a':vm (5000) xufrydkaom aiG
'g%fjzpfap/ axmif'g%fESifhaiG'g%fESpf&yfpvHk;udkjzpfap }ucHap&rnf?
tu,fIvlwpfOD;wpfa,mufaoqHk;(odk h) 'g%f&m&cJhjyD; w&m;Oya'a&;&m wm0ef&Sdol t&m&Sd
xHrS/ xGufajy;cJhv#if/ atmufaz:jyygjypf'g%frsm;twdkif;}ucHap&rnf?
• ,mOfarmif;olu w&m;Oya'a&;&mwm0ef&Sdolt&m&SdxHrS xGufajy;wdrf;a&Smifjcif;a}umifh
vlaoqHk;cJhv#if xdk,mOfarmif;oltm;(10)ESpfxuf rydkaom axmif'g%f/a':vm (20000 )
xuf rydk aom aiG'g%f/(odk h) axmif'g%fESifh aiG'g%fESpf&yfpvHk;/
• ,mOfarmif;olu w&m;Oya'a&;&mwm0ef&Sdolt&m&SdxHrS xGuf ajy;wdrf;a&Smifjcif;a}umifh
wyg;ol cE<mudk,fjyif;xefpGm'g%f&m&&SdcJhv#if/ xdk,mOfarmif;oltm;(7)ESpfxuf rydkaom
axmif'g%f/ a':vm (14000 )xufrydkaomaiG'g%f/ (odk h) axmif'g%fESifh
aiG'g%fESpf&yfpvHk;/
• cE<mudk,fwpfckvHk; tawmfjyif;jyif;'g%f&m&&SdcJhv#if xdk,mOfarmif;oltm;(5)ESpf
xufrydkaomaxmif 'g%f/a':vm (10000 )xufrydkaomaiG'g%f/(odk h) axmif'g%fESifh
aiG'g%fESpf&yfpvHk;/

trd+ufrypfygESifh
vrf;oG,f/vrf;rESifhjynfolydkif/udk,fydkifjcHajr rsm;odk hoif.,mOfay:rStrd+ufo&dkufrsm; ypfjcjcif;
onf Oya'ESifhqefhusifonf? tnpfta}u;ESifhtEN&,f&dSapaomypPnf;rsm;tjyif/ aq;vdyfwdk/ rD;&+;
rD;yef;/trd+uf/ESif;/a&cJ/rSefuJGp/oHacsmif;/tcGsef/0dkif,m}udK;/oHAl;/trd+ufo&dkuf/puUL/jym/t&kd;/tp&Sd

38
onfwdk hudkvrf;r/vrf;oG,f/jynfolydkif/udk,fydkifjcHajrrsm;ay:odkhypfjc/csef&pf/ pkyHkcJhjcif;rsm;udk ydkif&Sif
rodbJjyKvkyfjcif;onf/Oya'ESifhqef husif.?

,mOfwdkufr+jzpfyGg;cJhv#ifvdkufemaqmif&Guf&eftcsufrsm;
tu,fI oifonf ,mOfwdkufr+Yyg0ifygwfoufaecJhv#if vHkjcHKr+&Sda&;ESifhOya't&vdkufemaqmif
&Guf&eftcsufrsm;udk az:jyxm;onf?
• ,mOfudk&yfvdkuf&rnf? ,mOfoGm;vrf;ray:rSxGufyg? tajctaeay;v#if/ vrf;ycHk;ay:wGif
oGm;aeyg? rD;avmifr+rjzpfyGg;ap&ef,mOfpufowfvdkufyg?
• ,mOfwdkufr+jzpfay:&mae&mESifh oifhudkoifumuG,fyg?tjcm;,mOfarmif;olrsm;od&Sdap&ef/
a&;ay:tcsufjyrD;/ rD;a&mif/ "gwfrD;tp&SdojzifhxGef;jyxm;yg?
• wpfpHkwpfOD;aoqHk;(odk h)'g%f&m&r+&SdcJhv#if/ Oya'taxmuftuljyKtzJG htpnf;(odk h) 911
odk htjrefqHk;qufoG,fta}umif;}um;yg?
• tu,fIoifonfem;vnfwwfuGsrf;olqdkv#if/vlemtm;a&S;OD;olemjyKpkenf;jzifhulnDyg?
odk hr[kwfv#ifvnf;/ 'g%f&m&xm;oloufomap&efoifwwfEdkifor#tultnDay;yg?
'g%f&m&xm;oloufomap&ef qDav#mfaomtultnDay;&ef Oya'ujyxef;xm;onf?
• oif.trnf/ ae&yfvdyfpm/ arG;ouU&mZfESifh,mOfrSwfyHkwiftrSwfwdk hudk,mOfwdkuf r+wGifyg
0if ywfoufol tjcm;,mOfarmif;rsm;ESifh Oya'qdkif&m wm0ef&Sdolrsm;udk tcif;jzpf yGg;&m
ae&mYay;tyf&rnf? tjcm;,mOfarmif;rsm;ESifh Oya'qdkif&mwm0ef&Sdolrsm;u awmif;qdk
cJhv#if oif.,mOfarmif; vdkifpifudkxkwfjy&rnf/
• ,mOfwdkufr+Yyg0ifygwfoufolu/ oif.,mOftmrcHowif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk awmif;
qdkv#if tmrcHtrnf/ vdyfpmESifhudk,fpm;vS,f.trnfwdk hudkxkwfjy&rnf?
• ,mOfwdkufr+jzpfyGg;yHkudkpHkprf;ppfaq;olOya'qdkif&mwm0ef&Sdoltm;/ ,mOftmrcH tcsuft
vuf rsm;xkwfjy&rnf? tmrcHoifESifhwpfygwnf;&SdraecJhv#if (72)em&DtwGif;
ay;tyfekdif&rnf?
• ,mOfwdkufr+a}umifh ypPnf;OpPmrsm;omysufpD;cJhv#if Oya'qdkif&mwm0ef&Sdolrsm;udkta}umif;
}um;&efrvdktyfyg? oifh,mOftm;armif;ESifIr&awmhv#iftjrefqHk;qGJ,loGm;&rnf?
• ysufpD;qHk;&+H;r+onf,mOfomrutjcm;ypPnf;OpPmrsm;ygjzpfcJhv#if/xdkypPnf;OpPmydkif&Siftm;
ta}umif;}um;&rnfjzpfonf?

,mOfwdkufr+udkowif;ay;ydk hjcif;
,mOfwkdufr+a}umifhaoqHk;/'g%f&m&jcif;(odk h)ysufpD;qHk;&+H;r+wefzdk;a':vm 1000 xufydkrsm;cJhv#if
xdk,mOfwdkufr+Yyg0ifygwfoufol,mOfarmif;onf/tcif;jzpfyGg;&mae hrS (10)&uftwGif; ,mOf
wdkufr+ ta}umif;tpD&ifcHowif;ay;ydk h&rnf? (www.mndriveinfo.org) 0ufbfqdkufY (Crash/
Accident Report ) azmifudk&,lyg? (odk h) (DVS Public Information Center) &kH;/ w,fvDzkef;
eHygwf 651=296=9611 )odk hqufoG,fv#if xdkazmifudkoifhxHpmwdkufrSay;ydk hrnf? pmjzifha&;om;
xm;aomtpD&ifcHpmudkatmufaz:jyygvdyfpmodk hay;ydk hyg? Driver and Vehicle Services, 445
Minnesota Street, Suite 181, St. Paul, Minnesota 55101. xdk tpDcHpmtm; tifwmeuf
www.mndriveinfo.org under “Services,” Crash Records Report rSvnf;ay;ydkhEdkifonf?

39
tmrcH
jynfolydkifvrf;ray:wGif armif;ESifaom,mOfykdif&SiftmrcH (no-fault and liability insurance)
tm;,mOfay:Yo,faqmifxm;&&Sd&rnf? oufwrf;&SdtmrcHtm;/ ,mOfESifhwygwnf; tjrJwrf; &Sd
ae&rnf? Oua'qkdif&mwm0ef&Sdoluawmif;qdkonfhtcg xkwfrjyEdkifcJhv#if oif. ,mOf armif;
vkdifpifESifh,mOfrSwfyHkwiftm;zsufodrf;onftxd ta&;,lcH&Edkifonf?
tmrcHr&SdIvdkifpif zsufodrf;cH&v#if/ todynmppfaq;jcif;pmar;yJGatmifjrif&efvdktyfjyD;/ vkdif
pifjyefxkwfay;c a':vm (30)tjyif/ w&m;&kH;awmfuowfrSwfaom 'g%fa}u;udkay;aqmif&rnf?
vdkifpiftopfjyefvnfav#mufxm;&rnfjzpfjyD;/ tmrcHukyR%DrSxkwfay;aom tmrcHtaxmuft
xm; pm&Gufudkwifjyay;&rnf?
tmrcHr&Sdaom,mOftm;armif;ESifcJhv#if/,mOfrSwfyHkwifESifh,mOfeHygwfjym;ukdzsufodrf;cH&rnf?
,mOfarmif;oltm;,mOfarmif;vdkifpif (1)ESpftxd&kwfodrf;cH&rnf? tmrcHr&Sdaom ,mOftm;armif;
ESifol rnfolrqdk 'g%faiG (1000)ESifh axmif'g%f&ufaygif;(90)txduscH&Edkifonf?

armfawmfqdkifu,ftmrcH
rDeDpdk;xmjynfe,fwGif armfawmfqdkifu,ftwGuf/xdcdkufr+tmrcH (Liability insurance) Yoif.
,mOfa}umifhtjcm;olrsm; 'g%f&m&r+ ESifh ypPnf;OpPmysufpD;r+rsm;udkav#mfa}u;ay;jcif;tpDtpOfyg
&Sd&rnf? (No-fault and uninsured driver insurance) tmrcHtpDtpOfrsdK;rSm r&Sdrjzpf r[kwf
ay? tmrcHwGif/ ysufpD;r+rsm;/qHk;&+H;r+rsm;ESifhtcdk;cH&jcif;rsm;udkumuG,fay;jcif;wdk hyg0ifonf?

,mOfrSwfyHkwifjcif;
rDeDpdk;xmjynfe,fYaexdkifolrsm; ydkifqdkifonfh,mOfrsm;udk jynfolydkifvrf;rsm;ay:wGif armif;ESif
toHk; jyKaeygv#if jynfol hvHkjcHKa&;Xge/ ,mOfESifh,mOfarmif;ESifolrsm;qdkif&mXgecGJ (Department
of Public Safety Driver and Vehicle Services Division.) Y rSwfyHkwifxm;&rnfjzpf.?
rSwfyHkwif&ef/ vuf&Sd,mOfydkifqdkifol.trnf (odk h) ,mOfrSwfyHkwifESifh,mOfarmif;vdkifpif(odk h)
tjcm; oufwrf;&Sd rSwfyHkwiftm; oifhjrdK he,f&Sd,mOfESifh,mOfarmif;ESifolrsm;qdkif&mXgecGJ (Driver
and Vehicle Services Division ) &SdvufaxmufXger+;&HHk;YrSwfyHkwifcESifhydkif&Siftrnfajymif;us
oifhtca}u;aiGESifhtcGHaiGrsm;ay;aqmifyg?
rSwfyHkwifjyD;onfESifh,mOfrSwfyHkwifeHygwfjym;oufwrf;wdk;jcif;udk/tifwmeuf/pmwdkuf(odk h)
vludk,fwdkif vma&mufjyD;vkyfaqmifEdkifygonf?

}udK;rJhqufoG,fa&;u&d,mrsm;
,mOfarmif;ESifaeonfhtcgwGifq,fvlvmzkef;uJhodk h }udK;rJhqufoG,fa&;u&d,mrsm;jzifh pum;
ajymjcif;/ v#yfppfpmydk hpHepftoHk;jyKjyD;pma&;om;zwf&+jcif;rsm;rjyK&? v#yfppfpmydk h pHepf qdkonfrSm
tD;ar;vf/ xufpfrufaqhcsf/ tifwmeufrSwpfqifhwkduf&dkufpma&;om;ay;ydk hjcif;rsm;udkqdkvdkonf?
jcGif;csufrsm;taejzifh/ta&;ay:tultnDvdktyfaomtcgrsm;/ ,mOfwdkufr+(odk h)r+cif; wpfpHkwpf&m
tm;twif;ay;vdkaomtcgrsm;wGifvnf;aumif;/oif.vufjzifhudkifxm;&efrvdkbJpum;ajymEdkfif
v#ifxdku&d,mrsm;toHk;jyKEdkifonf?

40
 tcef;(4)
vrf;twlwuGtoHk;jyKkjcif;
atmufaz:jyygOya'rsm;ESifhvHkjcHKr+qdkif&mowif;tcsuftvufrsm;onf ,mOfarmif;olrsm;ESifh
vrf;av#mufolrsm; &SdaepOftajctaersdK;rsm;twGuf &nf&G,fonf?

&yfyg
“ &yf ” (stop ) qdkif;bk'f wnf&Sd&mYvHk;0&yfvdkuf&rnf? “ &yf ” qdkif;bk'f wnf&Sd &mY &yf (stop )
rsOf;vnf;&Sdv#if/ xdk&yfrsOf;rwdkifrD&yf&rnf? “ &yf ” qdkif;bk'f wnf&mYvlul;rsOf;ae&m&dSv#if xdk
vlul;rsOf;ae&mrwdkifrD &yf&rnf? &yfxm;jyD;v#if/ vrf;av#mufaeolrsm;/ pufbD;pD;olrsm;ESifh ,mOf
a}umtajctaersm;udk owdxm; jyD;rS pxGufyg? vrf;qHkvrf;cGYoif.jrifuGif;twGif;/ tumt
uG,ftwm;tqD;rsm;&SdaecJhv#if/ oifhvrf; a}um twGif;a&mufaeaom vrf;jzwful;olrsm;ESifh,mOf
rsm; twGuf wpf}udrfxyf&yfay;&ef jyifqifxm;yg?
atmufaz:jyygtajctaersm;wGifvHk;0&yfay;&rnf?
• vrf;oG,f/udk,fydkifvrf;/(odk h),mOf&yfem;ae&mrS/ vrf;rodk ht0if/ vloGm; vrf;ae&modkh
jzwfausmfrnfhtcsdefwdkif; &yf&rnf?
• ,mOfa}umtcsufjyrD;&Sdaomvrf;qHkvrf;cG (odk h) vrf;jzwful;&efae&mY rD;eDvif;ae
aomtcsdefwGif &yfyg? rD;pdrf;jyrS oifhvrf;a}um&Sif;v#ifqufarmif;yg?
• rD;eDrdSwfcsDvif;csDjzpfaeaom tcsufjyrD;ae&mY “ &yf ” (stop ) qdkif;bk'f rSmuJhokdhyif/
oif&yf&rnf?
• tjrefoGm;vrf;r}uD;odk h t0if csOf;uyfvrf;twGif; rD;eDaepOftcg/
• &xm;jzwfvrf;&dS&m “&yf”qdkif;bk'fawG h&Sd&v#if?
• tvHudkifvlujzpfap/tcsufjyrD;rSjzpfap/&yfwef h&efn$efjyxm;v#if/
• wHwm;wnf&Sd&mae&mYjrpftwGif;rSoabFmrsm;jzpfausmf&eftwGufwHwm;udkzGifhxm;csdef?

ausmif;um;twGuf&yfwef hjcif;
ausmif;um;Ywwfqifxm;aom/rD;teDa&mifESifht0ga&mifwdk htvSnfhusvif;csD/rdSwfcsD/jzpfaev#if/
tqdkygausmif;um;onf/ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;udktwiftjcvkyf&ef&yfwef haernfudk tcsufjy
jcif;jzpfonf?

t0ga&mifrD;rdSwfwkwf
ausmif;um;wpfpD;.t0ga&mifrD;rdSwfwkwfonf/ wpfem&D (35) rdkifE+H;xufavsmhenf;aom tjref
E+H;ae&mwGif/ ausmif;um;r&yfrD ay(100) }udKwifxGef;vif;jyrnfjzpfjyD;/ wpfem&D (35)rdkiftxuf
armif;cGifhjyKaomae&mwGif/ ausmif;um;r&yfrD/ ay(300) }udKwifxGef;vif;jyrnfjzpfonf? ausmif;
um;rS rD;teDESifht0grdSwfwkwfvif;aecsdef/ausmif;um;.nmzuf(vuf,m)rSausmfwufjcif;onf
Oya' ESifhqef husif.?

41
teDa&mifrD;rdSwfwkwf
ausmif;um;.teDa&mifrD;rdSwfwkwfonf/ ausmif;olausmif;om;rsmtwiftjcvkyfaea}umif; owd
ay;jcif;jzpfonf? &yfaeaomausmif;um;.teDa&mifrD;rdSwfwkwfvif;aejyD;/ STOP vufwHab;zuf
wGifxGufaecJhv#if oif.,mOfudkausmif;um;rS teJqHk;ay (20) tuGmwGif &yfxm;&rnf? ausmif;
um; taemufzuf&Sd tjcm;,mOfrsm;tm;vHk;ausmif;um;&Sd STOP vufwHjyefcsjyD;/ teDa&mfrD;rSwf
wkwfydwfjyD;oGm; tcsdeftxd &yfxm;&rnf? txufaz:jyygOya'rsm;udkcsdK;azmufolonf &rf;um;
pGm armif;ESifr+jzifhta&;,lcH&rnfjzpfjyD;/ a':vm(300)xufreJaom'g%faiGESifh,mOfarmif;eSifcGifh
,m,D wm; jrpfjcif;wdk hcH&rnf?

ausmif;um;udk ausmfwufjcif;
ausmif;um;.teDa&mifrD;rdSwfwkwfvif;aejyD;/ STOP vufwHab;zufwGifxGufaecJhv#if/ ausmf
wufjcif;jyKygu/Oya'ESifhqef husifonf? qef husifzufvrf;&dS oD;jcm;wnf&Sdaeaomvrf;rS ausmif;
um;.teDa&mifrD;rdSwfwkwfjzpfaecsdefwGif oifu&yfwef hay;&efrvdkay? txufygOya'udk ,mOf
armif;olucsdK;azmufonf[k,lqjyD;/ w&m;Oya'qdkif&mwm0ef&Sdolt&m&Sd Y cdkifvHkaom ta}umif;
w&m;&SdcJhv#if/xdk,mOfarmif;oltm;/jypfr+pwifusL;vGefcsdefrS 4 em&DtwGif;/ zrf;qD;Edkifonf?

,mOfydkif&Siftm;'g%faiGwwfjcif;
ausmif;um;&Sd STOP vufwH Oya'udkcsdK;azmufaom,mOf.ydkif&Sif(odk h) iSg;xm;oltm; omrmef
&rf;um;pGmarmif;ESifr+jzifh tjypf&Sdonf? tu,fIausmif;um;&Sd STOP vufwHOya'udk csdK;azmuf
olrSm tjcm;aom,mOfarmif;wpfOD;jzpfa}umif; oufaojyEdkifcJhv#if/ ,mOf.ydkif&Sif(odk h) iSg;xm;ol
tm;ta&;,lrnfr[kwfbJ/ ,mOfarmif;oludkom ta&;,lrnfjzpfonf? Tausmif;um;&Sd (STOP)
vufwH Oya'udkcsdK;azmufv#ifuscH&rnfh jypf'g%fESifh'g%fa}u;aiGrsm;udk od&Sdem;vnfjyD;a}umif;
udk,mOfarmif;vdkifpifav#mufxm;pOftcsdefuwnf;u/vufrSwfa&;xdk;&rnfjzpfonf?

ausmif;vHkjcHKa&;wm0efusol
ausmif;vHkjcHKa&;wm0efusol ausmif;om;wOD;rStvHudkifjyD;/ vrf;r(odk h)ta0;ajy;vrf;ray:Y

42
ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;vrf;jzwful;&eftwGuf tultnDay;aeonfudkawG h&Sdygu/ oif.,mOf
udkvHk;0&yfay;&rnf? xdkenf;wlpGm/vl}uD;tvHudkifu qdkif;bk'fudkifxm;jyD; uav;rsm;vrf;jzwful;
aeyguvJ oif.,mOftm;vHk;0&yfay;&rnf? ausmif;vHkjcHKa&;wm0efusolr&SdbJ/ ausmif;olausmif;
om;rsm; vrf;jzwful;aepOf vrf;ul;rsOf;a}umif;tm; jzwfausmfarmif;ESifoGm;jcif;onf Oya' csdK;
azguf&ma&mufonf? TOya'tm;csdK;azgufjcif;onf jypfr+usL;vGef&m a&mufonf? TOya' tm;
wpfESpftwGif; 'kwd,t}udrfxyfrHcsdK;azgufjcif;onf ydkrdkxif&Sm;pGm jypfr+usL;vGef&m a&mufonf?

tvSnfhusarmif;ESifjcif;ESifhOD;pm;ay;jcif;
tvSnfhusarmif;ESifjcif;ESifhOD;pm;ay;jcif;wdk ha}umifh ,mOfa}umvHkjcHKItqifajyacsmarG hap&ef t
axmuftuljzpf.? TOya'oonf/ udk,fydkifn%fESifhvlr+a&;em;vnfr+tajccHrsm;tay: tajccH
wnf aqmufxm;.? TOya'rsm;udk csKd;azmufjcif;onf,mOfwdkufr+rsm; jzpfay:apaomyifr
ta}umif; w&m;rsm;yifjzpf.?
• tcsufjyrD;r&Sdaomvrf;qHkvrf;cGodk h,mOfESpfpD;wpfjydKifwnf;a&muf&SdcJhv#if/ b,fzuf
(vuf0Jzuf) &dS ,mOfonf/ nmzuf (vuf,mzuf) &Sd,mOftm; OD;pm;ay;&rnfjzpfonf?
• “STOP” qdkif;bk'f&Sd&m(odk h)rdSwfwkwfrD;eD&Sd&mvrf;qHkvrf;cGodk h,mOfESpfpD;wpfjydKif wnf;
a&muf&SdcJhv#if/ b,fzuf(vuf0Jzuf)&dS,mOfonf nmzuf (vuf,mzuf) &Sd ,mOftm;
OD;pm;ay;&rnfjzpfonf?
• vrf;qHkvrf;cGae&mYqef husifzufrsufESmjcif;qdkifae&mrS,mOfucsOf;uyfvmaepOfwGif/
b,fzuf (vuf0Jzuf) auG hvdkaom,mOfu/OD;pm;ay;apmifhqdkif;ae&rnf?
• b,fauG h(vuf0J)jrSm;rD;pdrf;vif;aepOf/vrf;qHkvrf;cGYb,fzufrauG hrD/ vrf;qHktwGif;
a&mufESifhjyD;aeaom vrf;av#mufaeolrsm;ESifh tjcm;,mOfrsm;udk OD;pm;ay; apmifh}unfhjyD;rS/
b,fauG hjrSm;rD;pdrf;twdkif;qufoGm;yg?
• tcsufjyrD;r&SdcJhaom “T” yHko¿mef&Sdvrf;qHkrsdK;Y/ ,mOfESpfpD;qHkawG hcJhv#if/ auG hvdkaom
,mOfu tjcm;,mOfa}umtm;vHk;udk OD;pm;ay;&rnf?
• udk,fydkifvrf;(odk h)tdrfa&Shvrf;rSjynfolydkifvrf;ray:odk hr0ifa&mufrD/ ,mOftm;vHk; &yfxm;
jyD;/ vrf;oGm;olrsm;ESifh tjcm;,mOfrsm;udkOD;pm;ay;&rnf?
• nmzuf,mOfa}umYarmif;ESifaeaom,mOfonf/ nmzuf (vuf,mzuf) bwfpfum;rSwf
wdkif/ vrf;ab;rS,mOfa}umrodk hyl;aygif;vmrnfh c&D;onfydk haqmifay;aeaom bwfpfum;
rsm;udk OD;pm;ay;apmifhqdkif;&rnf?
• tokb,mOfwef;tjzpf a&ShrD;}uD;ESifhrdSwfwkwfrD;rsm;zGifhv#uf tcsufjyxm;v#if/ ,mOfwef;
wpfckvHk;tm; OD;pm;ay;&rnf?

ta&;ay:,mOfrsm;tm;OD;pm;ay;jcif;
ESpfvrf;armif;vrf;rY/rdSwfwkwfrD;eD/ESifhO}o(odk h)acgif;avmif;oHzGifhxm;aom/ta&;ay: ,mOfrsm;
jzpfonfh/ aq;&kHum;/ &Jum;ESifh rD;owfum;tp&Sdonfwdk hoifhteD;odk hcsOf;uyfvmcJhv#if nmzuf
(vuf,m)odk huyfjyD;&yfxm;ay;&rnf? wpfvrf;armif;vrf;rY armif;ESifaeonfqkdygu/ oifESifh
teD;qHk;zuftjcrf;odk (rnfonfhzufodk hrqdk ) uyfjyD;&yfay;&rnf? vrf;qHkvrf;cGtwGif;a&muf &Sd

43
aeyg vrf;qHkvrf;cGtvGeftxdqufoGm;jyD;rS&yf&rnf? ta&;ay:,mOfrsm;tm;vHk;ausmfvGef oGm;
onf txd&yfxm;&rnf? TOya'tm;csdK;azgufa}umif; Oya'qdkif&mt&m&SdY cdkifvHkaomta}umif;
jycsuf&SdcJhv#if/ csdK;azgufoltm;usL;vGefcsdefrS(4)em&DtwGif; zrf;qD;Edkifonf?
vrf;rtvnfY pnf;&dk;edrfh/wHwdkif;/tumt&Hwpfckckjzif h ydkif;jcm; xm;aom vrf;rsdK;Yrl
oif.qef husifzuft&yfrS csOf;uyfvmaeaomta&;ay:,mOf twGuf &yfay; &ef rvdkay?

&yfxm;aom ta&;ay:,mOfrsm;/wm0efaqmif,mOfrsm;tm;jzwfausmfjcif;
,mOfa}umESpfvrf;&SdjyD; OD;wnfzufwlnDaomvrf;rY ta&;ay:tcsufjyrD;xGef;xm;aom ta&;ay:
,mOfwpfpD;pD;&yfxm;v#if/ tEN&,fuif;pGmjzwfausmfEdkifaomtcGifhtvrf;&Sdygu/ ta&;ay:,mOf
ESifhta0;qHk;aom,mOfa}umudk,ljyD;jzwfausmfEdkifonf? aq;&kHum;/ rD;owfum;/ &Jum;ESifh um;qJG
x&yfum;rsm;udk/ ta&;ay:,mOfrsm; tjzpfowfrSwfonf?,mOfwpfvrf;tausmfae&mr&dScJhv#if/
t&Sdefav#mhjyD; owdjzifhajz;ajz;jzwfausmfyg?
ta&;ay:tcsufjyrD;xGef;jyD;&yfxm;aom ta0;ajy;vrf;wm0efus&Jum;/ vrf;jyKjyifwnf
aqmufaeaom,mOfrsm;ESifh eD;uyfvmcJhv#ifvJ txufygtwdkif; vdkufemaqmif&Guf&rnf?

rD;owfum;taemufrSuyfvdkufjcif;
ta&;ay:udpPjzifharmif;ESifaeaom wm0ef&Sd,mOfrsm;omv#if ta&;ay:armif;ESifaeaom rD;owf
um;.taemufay (500) tuGmtwGif;rSaeIvdkufygarmif;ESifEdkifonf? Oya'qkdif&mwm0ef&Sdol
(odk h) rD;owfXget&m&Sd.n$ef}um;csufr&SdbJ rD;owfydkuftm;jzwfausmfeif;armif;ESifr+rjyK&?

tjcm;aom,mOfrsm;taemufrSuyfvdkufjcif;
oif.ta&ShwGif&Sdaom,mOfESifh tEN&,fuif;avmufaomtuGmta0;rSomvdkufygarmif;ESif&ef Oy
a'un$ef;qdkonf? ,mOfwdkufr+rjzpfay:ap&ef &yfwef hedkifaom/(odk h)auG ha&SmifoGm;Ekdifaom taet
xm;rsdK;udkqdkvdkonf? oifhav#mfaomtuGmta0;udkrSef;q &mY/ &moDOwk/ ,mOfa}umESifh vrf;tajc
taersm;udkxnfhoGif; wGufcsuf&rnf? oHk;puUef hpnf;urf;rS tEœ&m,f&Sif;pGm taemufrS uyfvdkuf
jcif; rsdK;udktaxmuftuljzpfapygonf? (oHk;puUef hpnf;urf;tm;tcef; (6)wGif avhvmyg?)

vrf;av#mufolrsm;tm;apmifhqdkif;jcif;
&+yfaxG;aeaomjrdK hxJvrf;Yjzpfap jrdK hjyifYjzpfap/ ta0;ajy;vrf;ay:Yjzpfap/ ,mOfarmif;ESif onfh
tcgwdkif;/ vrf;av#mufolrsm;tm;tjrJ*&kjyKae&rnf?
vrf;qHkvrf;cGESifhvrf;jzwful;&mae&mrsm;wdkif; vrf;av#mufoltm;OD;pm;ay;&rnf? cav;rsm;
&Sd&mae&m/ aumif;rGefjywfom;pGmrjrifEdkifaomae&mrsm;ESifh um;&yfem;&mae&mrsdK;rsm;wGif/ vrf;
av#mufolrsm;udk*&kjyKyg?
vrf;jzwful;&mae&mYjzpfap/vrf;jzwful;&efowfrSwfay;xm;aomrsOf;r&Sdaomae&mYjzpfap/
vrf;av#mufoltm;awG h&SdcJhv#if/&yfwef hay;jyD;oifhvrf;a}umtm;jzwfausmfjyD;onftxd apmifhyg?
tjzLa&mif(odk h) owWKa&mif}udrfwkwf(odk h) vrf;jyacG;jzifhvrf;av#mufvmaom/ rsufrjriftm;
awG h&SdcJhv#if/apmifhqdkif;&rnf? tu,fIrsufrjrifonfvrf;qHkvrf;cGY &yfapmifhaecJhv#if/ oifhum;
[Gef; wD;jcif;/ um;tif*sifpufoHay;jcif;rsdK;rvkyf&? Todk hjyKvkyfjcif;onf/ vrf;jyacG;ESifh rsufr
jrif tm;em;vnfr+ rSm;,Gif;aponf?

44
 vrf;av#mufoltwGuf&yfwef hay;xm;aom,mOftm; jzwfausmfjcif;onf/ Oya'csdK;azmuf&m
a&muf.?
vrf;av#mufoltm;OD;pm;ay;&rnfh Oya'tm;csdK;azgufjcif;onf jypfr+usL;vGef&m a&mufonf?
wpfESpftwGif;'kwd,t}udrfxyfrHusL;vGefcJhv#if/ ydkrdkxif&Sm;aom jypfr+usL;vGef&m a&mufonf?

vlul;rsOf;}um;
tcsufjyrD; (odk h) vrf;qdkif;bk'frsm;u/ oifonf r}umrDwGif tjzLa&mifrsOf;a}umif;xlqJGxm;aom
vlul;rsOf;}um; teD;odk hcsOf;uyfvmjyDjzpfa}umif;owday;jcif;jzpfonf?
trSwftom;r&Sdaomvrf;jzwful;ae&mrsm;rSm/ vrf;ray:wGif rsOf;a}umif;xla&;qGJxm;jcif; r&Sd
bJ/ um;vrf;eSifh vrf;ab;vloGm;vrf;qHk aomae&mudk qdkvdk onf? trSwftom;&Sd&m (odk h) trSwf
tom;r&Sdaom vljzwful;ae&mrsm;udk oifh,mOfjzifhydwf&yfrxm;&?
vrf;jzwful;oltaejzifh/vrf;pOf;urf;tm;vdkufem&ef vdktyfjyD;/ oifhudk tEN&,fuif;ap onfh
tjyif/ tjcm;aom,mOfarmif;olrsm; vnf; oifhudkawGhjrifedkif&ef&nf&G,fxm;&Sdjcif;jzpfonf?
• vrf;qHkvrf;cG&SdtcsufjyrD;rsm;udk &dkaopGmvdkufemyg? “WALK” rD;vif;&ef apmifhqdkif;aepOf
vrf;rrSayteJi,ftuGmY&yfapmifhyg?
• “WALK” rD;vif;vmonfhtcsdefwGif/ vrf;qHkvrf;cGae&m&Sd,mOfrsm;tm; apmifhqdkif;yg?
• vrf;ab;vloGm;vrf;rsm;aumif;rGefjyD;toHk;jyKI&cJhv#if/ xdkvrf;tm;oHk;yg?
• trSwftom;r&Sdaomae&mrSvrf;jzwful;rnfqdkygu/ vrf;ray:&Sd,mOfrsm; tm;vHk;udk/
*&kpdkufapmifhqdkif;yg/
• tajctaeay;v#if vrf;ray:wufr&yfygESifh? ,mOfoGm;&efvrf;ae&m&Sdaeap&rnf?
• tu,fI vrf;ray:wufjyD; vrf;av#muf&efvdktyfvmcJhv#if/ ,mOfa}umESifhrsufESmjcif;qdkif
b,fzuf(vuf0J)rSaejyD;av#mufyg?
ntcsdef /(odk h)tjriftm&HkroJuGJonfhtcgrsdK;Yvrf;av#mufonfhtcg/ a&mifjyeftem; &dSaom/ t
a&mifrdSeft0wftpm;rsdK;udk0wfxm;yg? (odk h) "gwfrD;udkifaqmifxm;jcif;jzifh tjcm;,mOfarmi;f ol
rsm;oifhudkawG h&SdEdkifatmifvkyfjyxm;yg? oifhtm;rawG haom,mOfarmif;olrsm;&SdEdkifa}umif;udkvnf;
od&Sdjyifqifxm;yg? vrf;qHkvrf;cGrsm;wGifvrf;jzwful;olu OD;pm;ay;tcGifhta&;&Sdonf [kqdkaomf
vnf;/ ,mOfarmif;olrSoifhtm;rjrifawG hvdkufonfhtwGuf tcsdefrDr&yfvdkufEdkif jcif;rsm; &Sdwwf./
&moDOwkaumif;rGefaeaomtcsdefrsdK;rsm;Yyifv#if/ aea&mifxdk;Iaomfvnf;aumif;/ tjcm;aomt
a}umif;csOf;&mrsm;a}umifhaomfvnf;aumif;/ ,mOfarmif;olrSvrf;ra&Shodk haumif;pGmrjrifEdkifbJ/vrf;
av#mufoltm;tcsdefrD&yfwef hay;Edkifcsdefr&SdvdkufawmhaomtcuftcJrsdK;}uHKawG hwwfayonf?

pufbD;pD;olESifhvrf;twlwuGoHk;pGJjcif;
rDeDpdk;xmjynfe,fvrf;rsm;ay:Y pufbD;rsm;onf w&m;0if,mOftrsdK;tpm;jzpfjyD;/ tjcm;aom ,mOf
trsdK; tpm;rsm;ESifh wlnDaomtcGihfta&;ESifhwm0ef0wW&m;rsm;&Sd./
omrmef,mOfa}umrsm;rS cGJjcm;jyD; pufbD;pD;&ef,mOfa}umoD;jcm;owfrSwfxm;&Sd./ ufbD;,mOf
a}um twGif;0ifa&mufarmif;ESifjcif;onf Oya'csdL;zsuf&ma&mufjyD;/ vrf;rodk ht0ifESifhtxGuft
csdef/ (odk h)auG hvdkonfhtcsdefrsm;Yom pufbD;,mOfa}umtwGif;0ifa&mufarmif;ESifEdkifonf? pufbD;
,mOfa}umtwGif;odk hr0ifa&mufrD/ vHkjcHKjyD;tEN&,fuif;r+&Sd/r&Sd udkaojcmpGm}unfhyg? csOf;uyfvm

45
aeaompufbD;pD;oltm;OD;pm;ay;apmifhqdkif;yg? pufbD;,mOfa}um&Sif;onfhtcg/ auG hvdkonfh zuf
odk htcsufjyyg? rauG hpufbD;,mOfa}umtwGif;odk ht&if0ifjyD;rSauG hyg?
pufbD;udkausmfwufonfhtcgowd}uD;pGmxm;yg/ pufbD;tm;ausmfwufpOftcgoif. ,mOf
ab;zufESif hpufbD;pD;olt}um;teJqHk; (3)aytuGmta0;&Sdae&efOya'ujyqdk.?
pufbD;,mOfa}umtm; ntcsdef*&kxm;}unfhyg? pufbD;pD;olonfntcsdefw&m;0ifpufbD;pD;
eif;Edkifaomfvnf;/ ntcsdefpufbD;pD;olonf/ w&m;0ifrD;vHk;ESifha&mifjyefrD;rsm;yg&Sd&rnf?

pufbD;Oya'rsm;
pufbD;pD;oltm;vHk;onf,mOfpnf;urf;Oya'tm;vHk;udkav;pm;vdkufem&rnf?
• pufbD;pD;olrsm;onftjcm;,mOfrsm;enf;wl/ wlnDaomOD;wnf&yfwpfzufwnf; odk hom
pD;eif;&rnf? ,mOfrsm;udkqef husifjyD;rpD;&?
• pufbD;pD;olauG hvdkv#iftcsufjy&rnf? ,mOfa}umtcsufjytrSwftom;rsm;/ qdkif;bk'frsm;
u&d,mrsm;tm;vHk;udkav;pm;vdkufem&rnf?
• ,mOfarmif;olrsm;enf;wl/ pufbD;pD;olrsm;onfvnf; vufjzifhtcsufjyjcif; jyK&rnfjzpfjyD;/
nmzuf(vuf,m)auG h&eftwGuf nmzufvuftm;ajzmifhajzmifhqef hxkwfjy&rnf?
• pufbD;pD;olonf omItjrefoGm;aeaom ,mOfvrf;a}um. nmzufY ompD;eif;&rnf jzpf
aomfvnf;/ vrf;}urf;aeonfhtcg/ trd+ufo&dkufrsm;&Sdaeonfhtcg/ vrf;ray: a&v#Hae
onfh tcgESifh vrf;usOf;vGef;aeonfhtcgrsm;wGif vrf;rtvnfodk hwufpD;&ef vdktyfay
rnf? xdk htjyif/ta&ShrS,mOftm;ausmfwufvdkonfhtcgESifh b,fzufauG hvdkonfhtcgY
vnf;vrf;ray:wufpD;&ayrnf?
• pufbD;pD;olESpfOD;,SOfv#ufpD;eif;Edkifygonf? vrf;usOf;rsm;wGifrl ,mOfa}umwcktwGif;
rSompD;eif;&rnf?
• yHkrSefa&Ghv#m;aeaom ,mOfa}umudk/pufbD;pD;olu/ aES;avsmhoGm;&ef/ rjyKvkyf&?
• pufbD;pD;olrsm;pufbD;OD;xkwfaqmif;&rnf?

vloGm;vrf;(odk h)vlvrf;jzwful;&efae&mrsm;Y pufbD;pD;olonf/ vrf;av#mufaeolrsm;udk OD;pm;

ay;&rnf? vlrsm;udkausmfjzwfjcif;rjyKrD/ toHjrnfaomtcsufjyjcif;jyKvkyfyg? &Hk;rsm;/ aps;rsm;
&Sdaom &yfuGufY/ &yfuGuftm%mydkif.tcGifhr&SdbJ/ vloGm;vrf;ay:pufbD;rpD;&? &yfuGuf tm%m
ydkifrS &yfuGuftwGif;&SdvloGm;vrf;rsm;/ vrf;jzwful;&mae&mrsm;wGif pufbD;pD;cGifh ydwfxm;Edkif
onf? vloGm;vrf;ESifhvrf;jzwful;&efae&mrsm;wGif pufbD;pD;eif;olonf/ vrf;av#mufolrsm;
vkdufem&rnfhpD;urf;rsm;udk vdkufem&rnf?
pufbD;pD;olrsm;udkvG,fvG,frjrifEdkifyg? xdk ha}umifh/vrf;qHkvrf;cGrsm;/vloGm;vrf;rsm;ESifh
tdrfjcHa&ShrSvrf;rodk ht0iftxGufvkyfvdkaomtcsdefrsm;wGi fpufbD;pDolrsm;udk*&kxm;}unfhyg?

pufwwfpufbD;rsm;
wpfem&Drdkif (30)xufydkarmif;Ir&aompuftiftm;wwfxm;v#if pufwwfpufbD;tjzpf owf
rSwf.? a,bl,stm;jzifh pufbD;pnf;urf;Oya'ESifh pufwwfpufbD; pnf;urf;Oya'wlnD.?
vloGm;vrf;rsm;/ ta0;ajy;vrf;rsm;ESifh pufbD;ESifh vloGm;vrf;tjzpfowfrSwfxm;aom ae&m
rsm;wGif pufwwfpufbD;armif;ESifcGifhr&Sday?
46
armfawmfqdkifu,frsm;
armfawmfqdkifu,farmif;olrsm;onftjcm;,mOfarmif;rsm;enf;wl/ ,mOfpnf;urf;Oya'rsm;udk av;
pm; vdkufem&rnfjzpfonf?
tb,fa}umihfqdkaomf/armfawmfqdkifu,frsm;onfum;xufao;i,fonfhtwGuf armfawmfqdkif
u,f wpfpD;csOf;uyfvmaeonfht&SdefESifhtuGmta0;udk rSef;q&mwGif cufcJr+&Sdwwfayonf?
armfawmfqdkifu,fjzifhtaemufrS oifvkdufarmif;aeaomtuGm;ta0;onf /tjcm;,mOftaemuf
rS vdkufaomtuGmta0; (odk h)xdk hxufydka0;aomtuGmta0;&dS&efvdktyfonf? armfawmfqdkifu,f
tm; pD;eif;armif;ESif&mwGif ,drf;,dkifoGm;ouJhodk hxdrf;odrf;&efcufcJaom tawG ht}uHKrsdK; }uHKawG h
zl;}urnfjzpfygonf? armfawmfqkdifu,ftm; wdkufcdkufrdjcif;rS a&Smif&Sm;Edkif&eftwGuf vHkavmuf
aomtuGm;ta0;rS}udKwifjyifqifae&m,lxm;yg?
armfawmfqdkifu,fwpfpD;.ta&Sh ,mOfa}umodk hoif0ifvdkonfhtcgwGif/ um;wpfpD;. ta&Sh
,mOfa}umodk h0ifonfhtwdkif; oif.,mOftaemufzufwGifvHkavmufaomtuGmta0;ay;&rnf?
armfawmfqdkifu,farmif;olu oifhtm;ausmfwufvdkonfhtcg /oif&Sdaeaom,mOfa}umtwGif;
Y &SdaeaomtjrefE+H;twdkif;qufarmif;jyD;/ oifhtm;ausmfwufoGm;&efcGifhjyKyg?
armfawmfqdkifu,farmif;oltm; tusOf;t}uyfjzpfoGm;atmifjyKvkyfjcif;onf Oya'ESifhqef h
usif jyD;tvGeftEN&,frsm;onf? ,mOfa}umwpfckwnf;twGif; armfawmfqdkifu,fESifh rnfonfh
tcgrS ,SOfv#ufarmif;ESifjcif;rsdK;rvkyf&?
,mOfwdkufr+jzpfyGg;onfhtcgarmfawmfqdkifu,fonftjcm;,mOfrsm;uJhodk hxdcdkufr+rsm;tm; um
uG,fr+ray;Edkifyg? armfawmfqdkifu,fESifharmfawmfum;wdkufr+rsm;onf jrdK hwGif; vrf;qHkvrf;cG rsm;
wGif jzpfyGg;r+E+H; trsm;qHk;yifjzpfonf? b,fauG hvdkaom,mOfarmif;olu qef h usifzufta&ShrS vm
aeaom armf awmfqdkifu,ftm;owdjzifhOD;pm;ay;armif;ESif&ef ysufuGufr+a}umihf ,mOfwdkufr+ t
rsm;qHk; jzpfyGg;&onf?
tvSnfhusOD;pm;ay;armif;ESifjcif;Oya'udk armfawmfqdkifu,farmif;ESifolrsm;ESifhtjcm;,mOfarmif;
ESifolrsm;tm;vHk;wlnDpGm vdkufemusifhoHk;&rnfjzpfonf? armfawmfqdkifu,farmif;ESifolrsm;onf/
trsm;pD;,mOfrsm;armif;ESifaom,mOfa}umtwGif;YvJarmif;ESifEkdifonf?

&yfuGufwGif;oHk;v#yfppftm;oHk;,mOfrsm; (NEV)
v#yfppftm;oHk; (NEV) ,mOfqdkonfrSm bD;ab;bD;yg&SdjyD;/ wpfem&Drdkif(20)E+H;armif;ESifedkifjyD;
wpfem&D (25 ) xufausmfjyD; rarmif;&aom,mOfrsdK;udkqdkvdkonf? NEV ,mOfrsm;onf DVS
XgewGif rSwfyHkwifxm;&rnf? 'Dvdkifpi f(class D ) &dSolwdkif; (NEV) ,mOftm;armif;ESif Edkif
aomfvnf;/ tjrefE+Hl;uef howfcsufwpfem&D rdkif(35)xufrydkaomvrf;ay:wGif omarmif;ESifcGifh&Sd
onf? (NEV) ,mOfjzifh/ vdkifpifvufawG harmif;ESifr+ppfaq;jcif;twGuf/ toHk;jyKcGifhr&Sday?

pD;yGg;oHk;,mOfrsm;
pD;yGg;oHk;,mOfrsm;rSmpufwwf(odk h)pufjzifhwGJzuftoHk;jyK&jyD;/ tav;csdefaygif ( 26000) xufydk
rsm;jyD;/ c&D;onfydk haqmif&efaomfvnf;aumif;/ ukefypPnf;o,f,lydk haqmif&efaomfvnf;aumif;/
toHk;jyKaom,mOfrsm;udkqdkvdkonf? bwfpfum;rsm;/ t&G,frsdK;pHkaomausmif;um;rsm;tygt0if/
t&G,ftpm;i,faomfvnf; tEN&,f&SdwHqdyfwwfxm;aom,mOfrsm;onfvnf; pD;yGg;oHk;,mOfrsm;
jzpf.?

47
pD;yGg;oHk;,mOfrsm;ukdausmfwufjcif;
pD;yGg;oHk;,mOfrsm;tm;ausmfrwufrD/ oifh,mOf.ab;0J,m/taemufESifhta&ShY/ vHkavmuf aom
{&d,m&Sdatmif aojcmapyg?
ajzmifhjzL;aomta0;ajy;vrf;ay:wGif/ pD;yGg;oHk;,mOftm;ausmfwuf&efjcif;onf/ omrmefum;
wpf pD;tm; ausmfwufjcif;xuf tcsdef oHk;puUef hrS ig;puUef htxd ydkIvdktyfonf?
pD;yGg;oHk;,mOftm;ausmfwuf&efvHkavmufaomtcsdef&SdapjyD;rS ausmfwufjyD;/ ay (100) tuGmt
a0; a&mufrSom nmzuf,mOfa}umodk hjyef0ifyg?
ta0;ajy;vrf;rrSxGuf&ef auG h&efjyefqifaecJhv#if/ pD;yGg;oHk;,mOfrsm;tm;ausmfwuf&ef rusdK;
pm;ygESifh? tEN&,fruif;aom ausmfwufjcif;jyKonfxuf/ pD;yGg;oHk;,mOf. taemufrSaejyD; ta0;
ajy;vrf;rtxGuftxdapmifhvdkufoGm;yg? ukef;wufae&mwGif pD;yGg;oHk;,mOfrsm;t&Sdefav#mhwwfjyD;/
omrmefum;wpfpD;tm;ausmfwuf&onfxuf ydkIvG,fulpGmausmfwufEdkifaomfvnf;/ ukef;qif;
wGifrl/ t&SdefjrSifhwwfonfhtwGuf/ ausmfwuf&ef ydkIrsm;aomtuGmta0;vdktyfayonf?
pD;yGg;oHk;,mOftm; jrefEdkifor#jrefjrefausmfwufjyD;v#if/ ,SOfv#ufqufrarmif;ygESifh? ausmf
wufjyD;fpD;yGg;oHk;,mOf. OD;ydkif;udk oifh,mOf.aemuf}unfhrSeftwGif;jrif&onfhtcsdefa&mufrS/
oif.r+v,mOfa}umodk hjyef0ifyg? ausmfwufjyD;v#if/ oifhtjrefE+H;udkjyefxdrf;xm;yg?
pD;yGg;oHk;,mOfu oifhtm;ausmfwufvdkonfhtcg/ oifh,mOftm;t&SdefteJi,fav#mhay;jyD; ,mOf
a}um. a0;&mzufodk huyfay;jcif;jzifhulnDyg? t&SdefjrSifhvdkufjcif;rvkyfygESifh? oifhqef husifzuf
ta&ShzuffrS pD;yGg;oHk;,mOfvmaev#if/ nmzufa0;a0;uyfjyD;/ t&Sdefav#mhay;jcif;jzifh ab;rS uwfnd
oGm;jcif;ESifh ,mOfESpfpD;}um; avwdkuf&ef;oGm;jcif;uJhodk haomtEN&,frsdK;rsm;rS a&Smif&Sm;Edkifayonf?
avwdkuf&ef;oGm;jcif;onf ,mOfwpfpD;ESifhwpfpD;a0;&mt&yfodk hwGef;ydk hEdkifjyD;/eD;uyfvmatmif qGJ,l
jcif;r[kwfyg?
pD;yGg;oHk;,mOfrsm;. }uD;rm;vGef;aomt&G,ftpm;a}umifh 4if;wdk htrSefwu,fa&Ghv#m;aeaomt&dSef
xuf aES;auG;pGmoGm;aeonf[kxif&onf? pD;yGg;oHk;,mOfESifhtjcm;um;rsm;wdkufcdkufr+rsm;onf/
vrf;qHkvrf;cGrsm;wGiftrsm;qHk;jzpfwwfjyD;/ ta}umif;&if;rSm/ um;armif;olu pD;yGg;oHk;,mOf.
tjrefE+hH;ESifhtuGmta0;udk rSm;,Gif;pGmqHk;jzwfrdjcif;a}umifhjzpfonf?

pD;yGg;oHk;,mOfrsm;. taemufrSvdkufjcif;
omrmefum;rsm;xuf/ pD;yGg;oHk;,mOfrsm;&yfwef h&eftuGmta0;ydkIvdktyfygonf? omrefum;
wpfpD;wpfem&D (55)rdkifE+H;jzifharmif;ESifaepOf &yfwef h&efvdktyfaom tuGma0;rSm ay 130 rS 140
omjzpfonf? ukeftjynfhwifxm;aomwGJqGJvmonfh x&yfxmwpfpD; vHk;0&yfwef hoGm;&efrSm ay
400 xufydkjyD;vdktyfayonf? pD;yGg;oHk;,mOfaemuf tvGefeD;uyfpGm vdkufarmif;aejcif;jzifh ta&Sh
odk h jrifEdkifpGrf;enf;yg;aernfjzpf./ vHkjcHK&avmufaomtuGmta0;rSomvkdufjyD;4if;.ab;}unfh
rSefrS oiftm;jrifEdkifaomae&mwGifaeyg? vHkjcHK&avmufaom taemuftuGmta0;rS vdkufjcif;jzihf
4if;wdk h&kyfw&uf&ef hwef hvdkufonfhtcg/oifuvdktyfaomjyifqifr+rsm;vkyfEdkifrnfjzpfonf?
pD;yGg;oHk;,mOfrsm;wGif}uD;rm;aomab;rSefrsm;&SdjyD; xdkrSefrsm;onftvif;jyefEdkifonf? ntcdsef
4if;wdk htaemufrSuyfvdkufonfhtcg oif.a&ShrD;}uD;tm;/tedrfhtm;odk h xm;&Sdjcif;jzifh pD;yGg;oHk;
,mOfarmif;ol tjrifuG,froGm;ap&ef/tjrJowdjyKyg?
pD;yGg;oHk;,mOf}uD;rsm; ,mOfa}umtwGif;odk h yl;aygif;vmonfhtcg/ omrmefum;rsm;xuf tcsdef
ydkIvdktyfjyD;/ yHkrSeft&Sdefa&muf&efvnf; tcsdef ydkvdktyfygonf? xdk ha}umihft&Sdefav#mhay;&ef (odk h)

48
,mOfa}umajymif;&efjyifqifxm;yg? vkdtyfv#if,mOf}uD;rsm; tEN&,fuif;pGm 0ifa&mufEdkif &ef
tcGifhay;yg?
ukef;wufae&m,mOf}uD;rsm;.taemufY&yfwef h&mrnfqkdygu/ ,mOf}uD;rsm;txGufwGift
aemufodk h tenf;i,fvdrfhwwfonfhtwGuf vHkavmufaomtuGmta0;Y&yfyg? ,mOf}uD;armif;
olu oifhtm;jrifEdkif&ef b,fzuf(vuf0Jzuf)Yae&m,lxm;yg?

pD;yGg;oHk;,mOf}uD;rsm;.auG h&efae&mus,f/
pD;yGg;oHk;,mOf}uD;rsm;. auG h&eftcsufjyaejcif;udk txl;tav;*&kxm;rnf? 4if;,mOf}uD;rsm; nm
zufauG h&efae&mus,fvdktyfonfhtwGuf/ nmzufodk hae&mvGwfrsm;rsm;,ljyD;auG h&onf? 4if;
,mOf }uD;rsm;auG haeonfhtcg a&ShbD;rsm;onf aemufbD;rsmxuf ae&mydkvdktyf jyD; ,mOf}uD;rsm;
ydk&Snfv#if a&ShbD;ESifhaemufbD; uGmjcm;csufydkrsm;rnfjzpfonf? ,mOfwdkufr+rjzpfyGg;ap&ef/ xdk,mOf
}uD;rsm; nmzufauG hEdkifajc&Sdonf[k xif&onfhtcgrsm;wGif/4if;wdk h.nmzufrSrauG hygESifh?

pD;yGg;oHk;,mOf}uD;rsm;rjrifEdkifaomZHk (No Zones )

tu,fIoifonf/ pD;yGg;oHk;,mOf}uD;rsm;. taemufrSvdkufae&v#if/ 4if;wdk h rjrifEdkifaom ZHkt
wGif;rS vGwfuif;atmifae&rnf? xdkZHkae&mrsm;rSm/ 4if;wdk h.ta&Sh/ab;zufESifhtaemufwdk h wGif&Sd
onf? tcsdK h,mOf}uD;armif;olrsm;onf 4if;wdk h.,mOfarmif;cef;twGif;rS ta&Shay (20)/ ab;zuf
b,fnm ay(20)ESifh taemufzufay (200)txd/ rjrifEdkifay?

&xm;vrf;qHkae&mrsm;
txl;ojzifh/&xm;vrf;qHkae&mrsm;onf/,mOfwdkufr+ jzpfay:Edkifaomtxl;tEN&,f&Sdae&mrsm;jzpf
onf? &xm;wpfpD;. }uD;rm;aomt&G,ftpm;ESifhtav;csdefa}umifh/&xm;ESifh,mOfwdkufcdkufr+jzpf
wdkif;,mOfay:&Sdvlrsm;aoa}uEdkif.? ,mOfarmif;oltaejzifh&xm;vrf;qHkrsm;odk ha&muf&Sdonfhtcg
wdkif;/ ydkrdkowdxm; edkifv#if aumif;ayonf?

&xm;vrf;qHk&Sdowday;tcsufjyu&d,mrsm;
,mOfarmif;olrsm;od&SdEdkif&ef &xm;vrf;qHkrsm;Y owday;tcsufjyu&d,mrsm; wwfqifxm;&Sd.?
owday;qdkif;bk'frsm;ESifh vrf;ab;Ya&;qGJjyxm;aom trSwftom;rsm;tm;jzifh/oifonf&xm;vrf;

49
qHkodk hcsOf;uyf0ifa&mufaejyDjzpfa}umif;odap.? &xm;vrf;teD;&Sdqkdif;bk'fY &xm;vrf;rnfr#&dS
onfudkjyxm;rnfjzpfonf? &xm;vrf;qHkteD;csOf;uyfvmaepOf &xm;vrf;trSwftom;rsm;awG h
&Sd&onfhtcg/ aojcmpGm}unfhjyD; &yf&efjyifqifxm;yg?
rdSwfwkwfrD;rsm;/ acgif;avmif;oHESifh*dwfrsm;u/&xm;vmaejyDjzpfa}umif;jyqdkonf? rdSwfwkwf
rD;rsm;ESifh*dwfarmif;wH usvmonfudkawG hv#if/ a&Shqufrarmif;&? teD;qHk;&xm;vrf;rS teJqHk;
(10) aytuGmY ,mOfudk&yfyg? oifha&S h&Sd,mOfrsm;qufoGm;aeonfh tcgESifh oifu&xm;vrf;rS
(10)aytwGif; armif;vmcJhjyD;v#if r&yfbJ a&Shqufarmif;yg? tcsdK haom &xm;vrf;qHkrsm;Y tvH
jyolwpfOD;u/ &xm;csOf;uyfvmaeonfudk xdrf;odrf;jyoay;onf? tcsufjyu&d,mrsm;uJhodk h
yif/ tvHjyoln$ef}um;csuftm; av;pm;vdkufemyg?

&xm;vrf;qHkrsm;&dS txl;owfrSwf,mOfrsm;
c&D;onfwifAifum;rsm;/ bwfpfum;rsm;ESifh}uD;rm;aomx&yfum;rsm;onf/ &xm;vrf;qHkrsm;a&muf
wdkif;/ &xm;vmonfjzpfap/ rvmonfjzpfap/ &yfwef hay;&rnf? xdk,mOfrsm;udkausmfrwuf&?
&xm;vrf;qHkrSay(100)twGif;/ rnfonfh,mOfudkrqdkausmfwufjcif;onf/ Oya'ESifhqef husifonf?

&xm;vrf;qHkvHkjcHKr+
wcsdefwnf;wGif qef husifzuft&yfrsm;rS &xm;wpfpD;xufydkjyD; vmaeEkdifonf? &xm;wpD;.
aemuf qHk;twGJ jzwfausmfjyD;onftcdsefwGif &xm;vrf;udk csufcsif;jzwfrarmif;ao;bJ/ aemufxyf
&xm;wpfpD;tjcm;wzufrS vmaeao;jcif; &dS r&Sd udkaojcmatmif}unfhyg?
tcsufjyu&d,m &Sdonfjzpfap/r&Sdonfjzpfap/ &xm;vrf;qHkrsm;odk ha&mufonfhtcgwdkif;/&xm;
vmaejcif;&Sd/r&Sdudk t&yfESpfbufpvHk;odk h}unfhyg?
&xm;vrf;qHk&Sd&m t&yfESpfbufpvHk;wGif ,mOfrsm;xlxyfrsm;jym;aeonfhtcg/ &xm;vrf; t
aemufYacwWapmifh}unfhjyD; pdwfcsaojcmr+&SdrS &xm;vrf;udk jzwfarmif;yg?
rnfonfhtcgrS &xm;ESifhvkjyD;/ &xm;vrf;udkjzwfausmfrarmif;&? &xm;rsm;onf ,mOfrsm; uJh
odkhtv#iftjref &yfIr&yg? &xm;.t&Sdeftm;/ rSm;,Gif;wGufcsufrdIaomfvnf;aumif;/ &xm;vrf;
vnfY oifh,mOf&yfwef hoGm;cJhv#ifaomfvnf;aumif;/ &xm;wdkufrdjyD; aoa}u(odk h)jyif;xefpGm xd
cdkuf'g%f&m&Edkifayonf? &xm;vrf;qHkae&mY *D,majymif;jcif;rvkyf&? oif.,mOfonf atmfwdk
*D,m r[kwfcJhv#if/ &xm;vrf;qHkodk hra&mufrD}udKwifjyD;/ *D,mtedrfhodk hajymif;xm;yg?
armfawmfqdkifu,fpD;olrsm;onf/ owd}uD;pGmxm;jyD;&xm;vrf;qHkrsm;odk hcsOf;uyf&rnf? &xm;
vrf;qHkY ,drf;}unfh&ef rusdK;pm;ygESifh? ,drf;vdkufjcif;jzifh tjcm;wzufrSvmaeaom ,mOfvdkif;
twGif; odk ha&muf&SdoGm;Ekdif.?
&xm;rsm;wGiftm;aumif;aomrD;rsm;ESifhus,favmifaom[Gef;rsm;wwfqifxm;onf rSefaomfvnf;/
&xm;.t&SdefESifhtuGmta0;udkrSef;q&efcJ,Of;ayonf? txl;tjzifh ntcsdefwGifydkrdkcufcJ./
&xm;udkjrifawG hae&jyD;/ &xm;vrf;qHktm;ausmfjzwf&ef/ oif.pdwftwGif; raorjcmjzpfaecJh
v#if/,mOfudk&yfvkdufyg? &xm;jzwfausmfjyD;oGm;onftxd apmifhjyD;rS &xm;vrf;udkjzwfyg?

ta0;ajy;vrf;ray:&Sdvkyfief;cGifae&m
ta0;ajy;vrf;ray:&Sdvkyfief;cGifae&mrsm;rSm wnfaqmufa&;vkyfief;ESifh jyKjyifa&;vkyfief;rsm;
jyKvkyfaeaomae&mrsm;udkqdkvdkonf? ae hnrqdk/puf,¾&m;}uD;rsm;a&Ghvsm;(odk h) &yfem;xm;
aomaersm;jzpf./ vrf;vkyfom;}uD;rsm;rS/ vkyfief;cGif{&d,mudk/ qdkif;bk'f/ trSwftom;rsm;jzifh

50
owfrSwfjyjyD; ,mOfa}umudkn$efjyxm;rnf? xdktrSwftom; n$ef}um;csufrsm;udk ,mOfarmif;ol
rsm;u em;vnfjyD;vkdufemaqmif&Guf&rnf?
txl;ojzifhvltrsm;qHk; vrf;udktoHk;jyKaecsdefrsm;wGif/ ,mOfvrf;aES;auG;aer+udkem;vnf/
oD;cHae&rnfjzpfonf? xdktcsdefrsdK;wGif t&Sdefav#mhyg/ vkyfom;rsm;ESifhpuf,¾&m;rsm; udk owd
jyKyg/tvHjyaeol.n$ef}um;csuftwdkif;vdkufemaqmif&Gufyg?
vkyfief;cGifae&mtrsm;pkwGif t&Sdefav#mh&efuef howfxm;ayonf? t&Sdefav#mh&efuef howf
xm;csufr&Sdv#if/ owfrSwft&SdefE+H;twdkif;av;pm;vdkufem&rnf? vkyfom;rsm;tvkyfvkyfaecsdef
vkyfief;cGifae&mrsm;wGif uef howft&SdefE+H;tm;av;pm;vdkufemr+r&SdcJhv#if/ 'g%faiGESpfq ay;
aqmif&rnfjzpf.? vkyfom;rsm;ESifhpuf,¾&m;rsm;tm;}unfhjyD; oif.,mOfa}umtvdkuf
vHkjcHKr+&SdaomtuGmta0;Yae&m,l&rnf?

51
 tcef;(5)
qkdif;bk'frsm;/ tcsufjyu&d,mrsm;ESifh
vrf;ab;trSwftom;rsm;
rDeDpdk;xmjynfe,f. qkdif;bk'frsm;/ tcsufjyu&d,mrsm;ESifh vrf;ab;trSwftom;rsm;tm;vHk;onf/
tar&duefjynfpHEH+;ESifh wpfajy;nDowfrSwfxm;onf? vHkjcHKr+&SdpGmarmif;ESifEdkif&ef&nf&G,fI Tn$ef
}um;csufrsm;udkjyXgef;xm;&onf? ,mOfpnf;urf;qdkif&m qkdif;bk'frsm;/tcsufjyu&d,mrsm;ESifh
vrf;ab;trSwftom;rsm;tm;/ aumif;pGmem;vnfoabmaygufaeap&efavhvmxm;&rnf?

qdkif;bk'frsm;
vrf;ay:YjrifawG h&aomqdkif;bk'frsm;tm;/ wlnDaomwHqdyf/ vuQ%mESifh&kyfyHkrsm;tjyif/ n$ef}um;
csufpmwef;rsm;udk toHk;jyKxm;onf? qdkif;bk'f.yHkpHESifhta&mifudk}unfhjcif;jzifh/ a,bl,qkdvdk&if;
udk/ aumif;rGefpGm zwf}unfhEdkifavmufonfhtcsdefra&mufrDYyif rSef;}unfhem;vnfEdkif.?

qdkif;&Sdta&mifrsm;.t"dy`g,f
wm;jrpfpnf;urf;
teDa&mif? ?wm;jrpfcsufrsm;ESifhtrdef hrsm;
tjzLa&mif? ?pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;

owday;csufrsm;
t0ga&mif? ? owday;csufrsm;
pdrf;0ga&mif? ? pmoifausmif;{&d,mrsm;/ pufbD;ESifhvrf;av#mufolrsm;
ae&mowday;csufESifhxdrf;odrf;csuf
vdarRmfa&mif? ? aqmufvkyfa&;vkyfief;cGifowday;csufESifhxdrf;odrf;csufrsm;

odaumif;p&mrsm;
tpdrf;a&mif? ? vrf;n$efcsufrsm;ESifhtoday;csufrsm;
tjyma&mif? ? ,mOfarmif;olrsm;twGuf0efaqmifay;csufrsm;
tndKa&mif? ? ordkif;0ifae&m/,Ofaus;r+ESifhtyef;ajz&mae&mrsm;

52
toHk;rsm;aom qdkif;bk'fyHkpHrsm;

tX*H w&d*H 'dkif;rGef; pwk*H

yOP*H }uufajccwf puf0dkif;

pD;rsOf;qdkif;bk'frsm;
,mOfpD;urf;Oya'rsm;udk/ ,mOfarmif;olrsm;wdwdususvdkufem&ef pD;rsOf;qdkif;bk'frsm;tm;jzifh n$ef
jyonf? w&m;Oya'tm;av;pm;vdkufemjyD; vHkjcHKr+&SdpGm,mOfarmif;oljzpf&ef Tqkdif;bk'frsm;udkav;
pm;&rnf? Tqdkif;bk'frsm;udkav;pm;r+r&SdcJhv#if vrfpnf;urf;azgufjzufr+jzifhta&;,lcH&rnf jzpf
jyD; 'g%faiGay;aqmif&rnf?

“&yf” ( Stop )
vHk;0&yfwef h&rnf? vrf;av#mufolrsm;ESifh oifht&ifoGm;&rnfh,mOfrsm;u vrf;
qHkvrf;cGtwGif;&Sif;vif;oGm;onftxd&yfapmifhaejyD;rS owdjzifhqufoGm;yg?

“OD;pm;ay;yg” ( Yield )
vdktyfv#if/t&Sdefav#mh(odk h)&yfyg? vrf;av#mufolrsm;ESifh tjcm;,mOfrsm;
tm;vHk; udk OD;pm;ay;jyD;/ vrf;&Sif;onftxd apmifhjyD;rS/ a&ShqufoGm;yg?

53
 “r0if&” (Do Not Enter )
Tqkdif;bk'faxmifxm;aom oifhta&ShwGif&Sdaomvrf;twGif;odk hr0if&?

“vrf;rSm;aeonf” (Wrong Way )

oifonf vrf;udk ajymif;jyefarmif;0iffrdaejyDjzpfonf? oifonfrSm;aom
OD;wnf&yfodk harmif;ESifrdaejyD?

b,frauG h& nmrauG h& “*”rauG h& ,mOfr&yf&

teDa&mifpuf0dkif;ESifhteDa&mifrsOf;uef hvef hjzwfyHkpHqdkif;rsm;onf/owfrSwfxm;aomt&mtm;
rjyKvkyf&efwm;jrpfjcif;jzpfonf?

“tjrefE+H;uef howfcsuf” (Speed Limit )

tjrefE+H;uef howfcsufqdkif;bk'fY oif&Sdaeaom {&d,mtwGif; tjrefqHk;
armif; ESifEdkifaomt&Sdefudkazmfjyxm;onf? taES;qHk; armif;ESif&rnfh t&Sdef
udk ta0; ajy; vrf;rodk h t0ifvrf;rsm;Y az:jyxm;avh&Sdonf? &moDOwk
qdk;0g;csdefESifh vrf;ysufaecsdefrsm;rSvGJjyD; taES;qHk;uef howf&Sdef
xufydkaES;pGm rarmif;&?

“ausmfrwuf&” (Do Not Pass )

Tqdkif;bk'fae&mrSpjyD; ausmfwufjcif;rjyK&?

“wpfvrf;armif;” (One Way )

r#m;jyxm;onfhOD;wnfzufodk homarmif;ESif&rnf?

“nmzufuyfarmif;” ( Keep Right )

vrf;tv,fuGSsef;/ tv,frsOf;rS nmzufodkhuyfjyD;armif;yg?
54
 “,mOfa}umtrSef” ( Lane-Use Control Signs )
rnfonfh,mOfausmrS auG h&rnfudk jyonf?

nmzuf,mOfa}um&Sd,mOfonf a&Shwnfhwnfh (odk h) auG hoGm;Edkifonf?

“rD;eDaepOfrauG h&” (No Turn on Red )

rD;pdrf;onftxdapmifhjyD;rSauG h&rnf?

“tvnf,mOfa}umom” ( Center Lane Only )

OD;wnfzufESpf&yfpvHk;twGuf bufzuf(vuf0J)auG h&ef/ tvnf ,mOf a}umtm;
r#a0oHk;pGJ&rnf?

“ta&ShwGift&Sdefav#mh&rnf” (Reduced Speed Ahead )

ta&ShwGif omIaES;aom tjrefE+Hl;uef howfcsuf&Sdonf? ,ckrSpjyD; t&Sdef
av#mhyg?

“uef howf,mOfa}um” (Restricted Lane )

'dkif;rGef;oauFwonf/ oD;jcm;uef howfxm;aom,mOfrsm;om toHk;
jyK&ef uef howfxm;a}umif; jyqdkonf? vlESpfOD;ESifhtxufyg &Sdaom
,mOfrsm;/ bwfpfum;rsm;/ pD;yGg;ul;oef;oHk;,mOfrsm;ESifh pufbD;rsm;
twGuf owffrSwf xm;jcif;jzpfrnf?

“roefrpGrf;olrsm;,mOf&yf&ef” (Handicapped Parking)

,mOf&yfem;&muGufvyf&Sd ( Handicapped Parking ) tjyma&mif
qdkif;bk'f ae&mwGif/ roefrpGrf;ol,mOfeHygwfjym;(odk h) roefrpGrf;ol
,mOf&yfem;cGifh ygrpf &Sdolrsm;om &yfem;cGifh&Sdonf?

owday;qdkif;bk'frsm;
ta&ShwGiftEN&,f&SdEkdifa}umif; owday;qdkif;bk'frsm;jzifh owday;onf? oifESifhwuGtjcm;olrsm;yg
vHkjcHKr+&Sdap&ef/ Tqdkif;bk'frsm;udk odem;vnf&rnfjzpfjyD;/ owday;csuftwdkif;vkdufem&efvdkonf?
owday;qdkif;bk'ftrsm;pkrSm t0ga&mifjzpfonf? vlESifh pufbD;vrf;jzwful;&mae&mESifh ausmif;
ZHkrsm;wGif owday;qdkif;bk'frsm;tm; t0ga&mif(odk h)awmufyaom/pdrf;0ga&mifrsdK; xm;&Sdonf?
toHk; rsm;aomowday;qkdif;bk'frsm;udk atmufwGifaz:jyxm;onf?

55
“&xm;vrf;qHk” (Railroad Crossings )
owday;qdkif;bk'f/ *dwfwHcg;/ vrf;ab;trSwftom;ESifh/rdSwfwkwf rD;eD
rsm; tm; &xm;vrf;qHkrsm;wGifxm;&Sdygonf? vrf;ab; trSwftom;
rsm;wGif/ &yfrsOf;/ “X”ESifh “RR” oauFwrsm;udk/ &xm;vrf;qHk
ta&ShwGif a&;qGJ jyxm;onf?

“X”oauFwrSm &xm;vrf;qHk&Sda}umif;jyqdk./ &xm;vrf; wpfckxuf

ydkjyD; &SdcJhv#if/ }uufajccwfvufwHatmufwGif&xm;vrf; t&nftwGuf
tm; eHygwfjzifhjyqdkxm;rnf?

“EXEMPT” qdkif;az:jyxm;cJhv#if &xm;vrf;qHkrsm;wdkif; &yf&rnfh x

&yfum;ESifh bwfpfum;armif;olrsm;/ &yfem;jcif; rjyKbJ qufarmif;Edkif
onf?

“&xm;vrf;qHk” (Railroad Crossings )

Tqdkif;bk'frSmta&ShwGif&xm;vrf;qHk&Sda}umif;jyqdkonf?

ausmif;ZHk
Tt0ga&mif(odk h)awmufyaompdrf;0ga&mif yOP*Howday;qdkif;bk'f
onf/ ausmif;;(odk h) ausmif;vrf;jzwful;rsOf;&Sda}umif; jyqdkonf?
ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;udk owdjyKjyD; &yf&efjyifqifxm;yg?

ausmif;vrf;jzwful;rsOf;
ausmif;vrf;jzwful;rsOf;ae&mwGif cav;rsm;udkowdjyK}unfhjyD; &yf
wef h&efjyifqifxm;yg? ,mOfarmif;oltaejzifh vrf;av#mufaeolrsm;
udkOD;pm;ay;&rnf? ausmif;vrf;jzwful;qkdif;bk'fESifhtwl jrSm;oauFw
onf pHtrSwftom;jzpfonf?

56
 vlvrf;jzwful;ae&m
vrf;jzwful;aeolrsm;udk owdjyK&ef Tqdkif;bk'frsm;jzifhn$efjy.?

t&Sdefav#mhjyD;&yfwef h&efjyifqifxm;yg?

vrf;qHkvrf;cGESifhvlvrf;jzwful;&mae&mrsm;wGif/ vrf;av#mufae
olrsm;udk owdjyKjyD; OD;pm;ay;yg? vrf;jzwful;qkdif;bk'fESifhtwl
atmufzufjrSm;oauFwonf pHtrSwftom;jzpfonf?

ausmfrwuf&ZkH
ESpfvrf;armif;ta0;ajy;vrf;r.b,fzufwGif Tqkdif; bk'fxm;&Sdonf?
ausmfrwuf&ZHk. tpjzpfa}umif; owday;onf?

taES;oGm;,mOfoauFw
v,f,moHk;,mOfrsm;/ jrif;vSnf;rsm;eSifh tjcm;wpfem&Drdkif(30)EH+; xufaES;aom
t&Sdefjzifh armif;ESifaom ,mOfrsm;tm;vHk;/ jynfolydkifvrf;ray:wGif armif;ESif
csdefwGif ToauFwqdkif;udk csdwfqGJxm;&rnf? Tqdkif;bk'fudk jrifawG h&onfh
tcsdefwGifrdrd,mOf. t&Sdefudkxdef;ndSyg(odk h) ,mOfa}umajymif;yg?

vrf;qHkvrf;cG&Sdowday;qdkif;bk'frsm;
vrf;qHkvrf;jzwf
vrf;av;cGqHkta&S hwGif&Sdonf? OD;pm;ay;&efjyifqifyg?

vrf;oG,f
oifhnmzufrS,mOfrsm;vrf;rodk h0ifvmedkifonfudkapmifh}unfhyg?

57
(T ) vrf;qHkta&S hwGif&Sdonf
oif.,mOfa}um r}umrDvrf;qHk;awmhrnfjzpfonf? b,f (odk h) nm
zufodk hauG h&efjyifqifxm;yg?a&S hvrf;qHkwGifjzwfarmif;aeaom
,mOfrsm;udkOD;pm;ay;yg?

(Y) vrf;qHkta&S hwGif&dSonf

ta&S hwGif,mOfa}um OD;wnfzufESpf&yfodk hcGJxGufoGm;rnf? oif.
,mOfa}umwGif ,mOfrsm;jzwful;rnfudkowdjyKjyD; OD;wnfzuf wpf
&yf&yfodk hauG hoGm;&efjyifqifxm;yg?

vrf;auG h
vrf;auG hoGm;rnfhzufodk hn$efjyxm;onf?tjrefE+H;uef hoef hcsufudkyg
az:jyxm;cJhv#if/ xdkowfrSwfxm;aomt&Sdefodk hav#mhcs&rnf?

vrf;vdrfvrf;auG h
ta&S hwGifvrf;vdrfvrf;auG h&Sdonf? vHkjcHKr+&Sdap&eft&Sdefav#mhyg/ (odk h)
owfrSwft&Sdeftwdkif;armif;yg?

ta&S hwGifESpfvrf;armif;
oifonfwpfvrf;armif;udk ausmfvGefjyD;/ ESpfvrf;armif;vrf;twGif;odk h
0ifa&mufvmrnfjzpf.? nmzufuyfarmif;yg?

tumt&H&Sdta0;ajy;vrf;tp
vrf;rtvnfwGifeSpfbufcJGum&Hxm;./ nmzufuyfarmif;yg?

tumt&H&Sdta0;ajy;vrf;tqHk;
vrf;rtvnf&Sdtumt&H ta&S hwGifukefqHk;rnfjzpfonf? ESpfvrf;armif;
vrf;.ta&S hwGifvrf;tvnfYtumt&HuGsef;/&Sdawmhrnfr[kwfyg?

58
 ta&S hwGif,mOfa}umtcsufjyrD;&Sdonf
ta&S hvrf;qHkvrf;cGwGif ,mOfa}umtcsufjyrD;&dSonf?

ta&S hwGif vrf;axmifhcsdK;auG h&Sdonf

ta&S hwGifOD;wnfcsuf ajymif; vrf;axmifhcsdK;&Sdonf? vHkjcHKr+&Sdap&ef
t&Sdefav#mhyg?

vrf;jzwful;qdkif;bk'f
Tqkdif;bk'fonf wd&dp>mefrsm; vlrsm;ESifh ,mOfrsm; vrf;jzwf
ul;wwfa}umif;owday;onf?

vrf;acsmfwwfonf
vrf;pdkpGwfonfhtcgwGif vrf;jrufESmjyifacsmwwfonf? ukef; ausmfwHwm;
rsm;ESifh wHwm;rsm;wGif Tqdkif;bk'fudkxm;&Sdonf?

vrf;apmuf(ukef;qif;)
ta&S hwGifvrf;apmufqif;&Sdonf? a&S hqufroGm;rD oif.,mOfb&dwfrsm;
tvkyfaumif;pGmvkyfa}umif;aojcmapyg?

,mOfvrf;a}umtqHk;
,mOfvrf;a}umESpfckr Swpfckjzpfvmrnf? nmzuf&Sd ,mOfonf
b,fzufodk h,mOfa}umodk hul;ajymif;&rnf? nmzuf&Sd ,mOfu
OD;pm;ay;&rnf?

,mOfa}umyl;aygif;vmrnf
oifarmif;aeaom,mOfa}umtwGif;odk h,mOfrsm;yl;aygif;vmrnf? yl;aygif;
vmrnfh,mOfrsm;twGufjyifqifjyD;/ 0ifa&mufcGifhjyKyg?

59
 ,mOfa}umtopfwdk;jcif;
vrf;ray:wGif,mOfa}umaemufwckwdk;vmrnf? xdk,mOfa}umtopfu/
yl;aygif;vm&efrvdktyfyg?

ta&S hwGiftjrifhayuef howfcsuf&Sdonf

oif.,mOfonf uef howfxm;aom tjrifhayxufydkjrifhaecJhv#if/ a&hS hquf
rarmif;ygESifh? oif.,mOfwpf aevdrfhrnf?

wHwm;vrf;usOf;
ta&S h&dS wHwm;onf vrf;rxufydkIusOf;ajrmif;onf?

aqmufvkyfa&;qdkif&mqkdif;bk'frsm;
vdarRmfa&mifay:wGif teufa&mifpmom;jzifh a&;xm;aomqdkif;bk'frsm;tm;/ aqmufvkyfa&;vkyfief;
&Sdaom ae&mrsm;wGiftoHk;jyKonf? vdarRmfa&mifqdkif;bk'fjrifwdkif;t&Sdefav#mhyg? Tqkdif;bk'f rsm;
onf ,mOfarmif;olrsm;udk/ ,mOfa}umuef howfxm;a}umif;/ vrf;v$J&Sda}umif;ESifh tjcm;aom
tEN&,fwpHkwck&SdEdkifa}umif;udkowday;onf?

pnfydkif;jywfrsm;/ qvif'gyHkrsm;/ rdSwfwkwfjrSm;rD;/ vdarRmfa&mifESifh tjzLa&mif

tumt&Hrsm;tm;vHk;onf/ aqmufvkyfa&;vkyfief;cGifESifh tEN&,f&Sdaom ZHkrsm;rS
a&Smifz,foGm;&efowday;aomoauFwrsm;jzpfonf? vkyfief;cGifZHkteD;/ tvH
(odk h) &yfqdkif;bk'f/ vdarRmfa&mifqdkif;bk'f udkifaqmifjyD; vrf;n$efjyaeaom
vlrsm; udkvnf; awG hEdkifayonf? xdkolrsm;.jyn$ef&mudk tjrJwrf;vdkufem
aqmif&Gufyg?

tvHudkifjyolta&S hwGif&Sdonf? owdjzifharmif;ESifyg?

ta&S hwGifvrf;jyiftvkyform;rsm;tvkyfvkyfaeonf? t&Sdefav#mhjyD;vkyfom;

rsm;ESifha0;&m ,mOfa}umrSarmif;yg?

60
 vkyfief;cGifae&mrsm;wGif t&Sdefav#mhowfrSwfcsufrsm; n$efjyxm;onf?
vkyfom;rsm;&Sdaeaom vkyfief;cGifZHkwGif owfrSwft&Sdef E+H;xufydkrdkjrefpGm
armif;ESifcJhv#if'g%fa}u;ESpfqay;aqmif&rnf?

ordkif;0if/ ,Ofaus;r+ESifh tyef;ajzae&m qkdif;bk'frsm;

tndKa&mifqdkif;bk'frsm;onf/ ordkif;0ifae&mrsm;/ yef;jcHrsm;ESifh pdwf0ifpm;zG,f ae&mrsm;udk
jyqdkonf?

,mOfarmif;olrsm;twGuftaxmuftuljyKqkdif;bk'frsm;
w,fvDzHk;/*ufpf/tpm;taomuf/wnf;cdkcef;/aq;&kHESifhem;cdk&efaersm;wnf&Sd&mudktjyma&mif
qdkif;bk'frsm;jzifhjyqdkonf?

owif;ESifht}uHay;csufqdkif&mqkdif;bk'frsm;
txGufvrf;/ jrdK hrsm;odk htuGmta0;c&D;rdkif/ vrf;qHkrsm;/ vrf;trnfrsm;/ pufbD;vrf;rsm;udk
tpdrf;a&mifqkdif;bk'fjzifhjyqdkonf?

61
vrf;n$efqdkif;bk'frsm;
vrf;n$efqdkif;bk'frsm;u vrf;trsdK;tpm;trdsK;rdsK;udk n$efhjyonf?

jynfwGif;ta0; U.S. tjref rDeDpdk;xm;

ajy;vrf;r tjrefvrf;r jrdKhe,fvrf; jrdKhe,fvrf;
armif;vrf;r

,mOfa}umtcsufjyrD;rsm;
,mOfa}umxlxyfaom vrf;qHkvrf;cGrsm;wGif tcsufjyrD;rsm;udkwwfqifxm;onf? tcsufjy rD;rsm;
u ,mOfvrf;vHkjcHKa&;ESifh pnf;pepfwusoGm;vmEdkifa&;wdk hudkvkyfaqmifay;onf? tcsufjyrD;rsm;
ykHrSeftvkyfrvkyfaecJhv#iff/ ,mOfxdrf;r&Sdaomvrf;qHkvrf;cGrSm oifoGm;rnfhtwdkif; owdjzihfoGm;yg?

teDa&mifrD;jidrfonf “&yf” [kqdkvdkonf

rD;ta&mifajymif;oGm;onftxd&yfjyD; apmifhae&rnf? vrf;qHkvrf;cGtwGif;odk hr0ifrD/
(odk h) vrf;jzwful;rsOf;ta&S h/ &yfrsOf;ta&S hwGif/ vHk;0&yfwef h&rnf?
&yfwef hjyD;v#if/ vrf;qHkvrf;cGonf &Sif;vif;aejyD;/ ,mOfa}umonfvnf;/ tcGifh
omcJhv#if/ oifonfnmzufodk hauG hEdkifonf?
tu,fI vrf;qHkvrf;cG&Sd (No Turn on Red ) “ rD;eDpOfnmrauG h&” qdkif; &dSaecJh
v#ifrl/ rD;pdrf;onftxd apmifhae&rnfjzpfonf?
owfrSwfxm;aomtajctaersm;ESifhudkufnDv#if/ wpfvrf;armif;vrf;twGif;rS
tjcm;wpfvrf;armif;vrf;twGif;odk h rD;eDaepOfb,fzufodkhauG hEdkifonf? rauG hrD
yxrOD;pGm vHk;0&yfwef hvdkuf&rnf? vrf;qHkvrf;cG&Sif;aea}umif; aojcmap&rnf? vrf;av#muf
olrsm;ESifh tjcm;,mOfrsm;tm;OD;pm;ay;&rnf? oifauG hvdkonfh,mOfa}um. OD;wnf&mt&yfonf/
cGifhjyKxm;aom,mOfa}umvrf;jzpf&rnf?

teDa&mifjrSm;onf “&yf ”[kqkdvkdonf?

vrf;qHkvrf;cGtwGif;odk hr0ifrD/ (odk h)vrf;jzwful;rsOf;ta&S h/ &yfrsOf;ta&S hwGif
vHk;0&yfwef hxm;&rnf? jrSm;tpdrf;a&mifodk hajymif;oGm;onfhtcsdefwGif/jrSm;n$efjy
&mzufodk hqufoGm;Ekdifonf?

62
 teDa&mifrdSwfwkwfrD;ae&mwGif &yfqdkif;bk'f&Sd&mae&muJhodk h&yf&rnf?
vHk;0&yfwef hvdkuf&rnf? vrf;qHkvrf;cGtwGif;odkh oifht&if a&mufESifh
aeaomvrf;av#mufolrsm;/ ,mOfrsm;ESifhtjcm;,mOfrsm;udk OD;pm;ay;yg?
vrf;qHkvrf;cG&Sif;jyD;qdkygu a&S hqufoGm;yg?

t0ga&mifrD;jidrfonf “owdxm;”[kqdkvdkonf? rD;teDa&mif

odk r}umcifwGif ajymif;oGm;awmhrnfjzpfonf?
vHkjcHKpGm&yfwef hedkifcGifh&SdcJhv#if/ vrf;qHk udk jzwfrarmif;ygESifh? tEW&m,fuif;pGm
r&yfEdkifrSom/ owdjzifhquf jzwfarmif;oGm;yg?vrf;qHkvrf;cGY rD;0gaepOf
oifonf auG h&eftwGufapmifhqdkif;aepOfrD;eDoGm;cJhv#if/ tEW&m,fuif;pGm
tv#iftjrefauG hvdkufyg? aemufjyefrqkwfygESifh?

rdSwfwkwfrD;0g (odk h) jrSm; onf “owdxm;” [kqdkvdkonf?

vrf;qHkvrf;cGudk owdjzifhqufjzwfarmif;oGm;yg? vrf;qHkvrf;cGodkha&muf
ESifhaeaomvrf;av#mufolrsm;ESifhtjcm;,mOfrsm;udk OD;pm;ay;yg?

tpdrf;a&mifrD;onf “oGm;yg”[kqdkvdkonf?
vrf;qHkvrf;cG&Sif;onfESi fhqufarmif;oGm;Edkifygonf? vrf;qHkvrf;cG&Sd vrf;
av#mufolrsm;ESifh tjcm;,mOfrsm;udk OD;pm;ay;yg? b,f(vuf0J) odk h nm
(vuf,m) auG hvdkygv#if/oifhta&S h&dSvrf;jzwful;olrsm;udkOD;pm;ay;yg?

tpdrf;a&mifjrSm;rD;onf jrSm;n$efjy&mzufodk hvHkjcHKpGmauG hEkdifonf

[kqdkvdkonf?
oifauG honfhtcsdefwGif/ oifhta&S hESifhtjcm;wzuf,mOfa}umrS/ tjcm;
,mOfrsm; jzwfarmif;jcif;rS umuG,fay;onf?

vrf;jzwful;oltcsufjyrD;
vrf;jzwful;vdkolrsm;twGuf “&yf”ESifh “oGm;”[lonfhtcsufjyrD;&Sdonf?
TtcsufjyrD;rsm;udkvrf;av#mufolrsm;av;pm;vdkufem&rnf?

vrf;av#mufaeol&kyfyHk(odk h) “Walk” [laomtcsufjyrD;jyonfhtcsdefwGif/

vrf;&Sif;jyD; tEW&m,fuif; a}umif;aojcm}unfhjyD;rS vrf;jzwful;yg?
vrf;qHkvrf;cGodkha&muf&SdjyD;v#ifvrf;.tjcm;wzufodk hjzwfav#mufyg?

63
 vufumjyxm;yHk(odk h) “Don’t Walk ” [lonfhtcsufjyrD;rdSwfwkwfvif;
aepOf/ vrf;jzwfrul;&yg? vrf;qHkvrf;cGodk ha&mufESifhaejyD;aom vrf;jzwf
ul; oltaejzifhrl/ vrf;.tjcm;wzufodk hyHkrSeftwdkif;qufav#mufoGm;yg?

vufumjyxm;yHk(odk h) “Don’t Walk ” [lonfhtcsufjyrD;jidrfvif;aepOf/

vrf;jzwfrul;&yg? vrf;qHkvrf;cGodkha&mufeSifhjyD;olaejzifh tEW&m,fuif;&m/
teD;qHk;zuftjcrf;odk hvsifjrefpGmav#ufoGm;yg?

,mOfa}umvdkif;xdrf;tcsufjyrD;rsm;
TtcsufrD;rsm;onf/ rwlnDaomtcsdefESifhrwlnDaomOD;wnf&mrsm;odk ha&G;cs,farmif;eSifedkif&ef
xdrf;odrf;ay;onf? ,mOfarmif;olrsm;taejzifh tjcm;aomtcsufjyrD;ESifh qkdif;bk'frsm;udkvnf;
vdkufem&rnf?

atmufpdkufjrSm;rD;jidrfonf jrSm;atmuf&Sd,mOfvdkif;twdkif;qufarmif;Ekdif
a}umif;jyqdkonf?

t0ga&mif “X ” rD;jidrfonf/ tjcm;aom,mOfvdkif;wpfckodkhajymif;vnf;ae&m

,loifh a}umif;jyqdkonf? t0ga&mif “X ” rD;jidrf&dSpOfom ,mOfvdkif;ajymif;
EdkifjyD; xdkt0ga&mif“X ” rD;jidrfrS/ teDa&mif “X” rD;jidrfodk hajymif;vnf;oGm;
csdefwGifvdkif;ajymif;Ir&yg?

t0ga&mifrdSwfwkwfrD;onf/ b,fzuf(vuf0J)auG h&eftwGufxkdrD;atmuf&Sd

,mOfvdkif;udk toHk;jyKEkdifa}umif;jyqdkonf? tjcm;OD;wnf&mt&yfrS,mOfonf
vnf;b,fzuf(vuf0J) auG h&efwlnDaom ,mOfvdkif;udk toHk;jyKEdkifonf
jzpfI/owdjzifhoGm;yg?

t0ga&mifatmufpdkufjrSm;rD;jidrfonf/ tjcm;aom,mOfvdkif;wpfckodkhajymif;jyD;
armif;&efjyifqifoifha}umif;jyqdkonf? ta0;ajy;vrf;ray:wGif t0ga&mif
atmufpdkufjrSm;rD;jidrfonf/ ,mOfvdkif;ydwfawmhrnf[kqdkvdkonf?

t0ga&mifatmufpdkufrdSwfwkwfjrSm;rD;onf/ ta0;ajy;vrf;r. jrSm;rD;

atmuf&dS ,mOfvdkif;tm;toHk;jyKEdkifa}umif;jyonf? T,mOfvdkif;twGif;
owdjyKarmif;ESifyg?

teDa&mif “X” rD;jidrfonf/ TrD;atmuf&Sd,mOfvdkiftwGif;armif;ESifI r&[k

qdkvdkonf?

64
tjrefvrf;rodk ht0ifrDwmrsm;
tjrefvrf;rodk ht0if&SdrDwmrsm;onf/ tjrefvrf;ray:odkh yl;aygif;0ifa&mufvmrnfh ,mOfa}um acsm
arG hr+&Sd&ef xdrf;odrf;ay;onf? vrf;qHkvrf;cG&SdtcsufjyrD;rsm;uJhodk hyif/ teD/ t0g/ tpdrf;rD;a&mif
rsm;jzifh/ ,mOfarmif;olrnfonfhtcsdef qufarmif;Edkifrnfudkn$efjy./ rD;pdrf;jypOf/ wpfcsdefwGif um;
wpfpD;omjzwfcGifh&Sdonf?

rD;pdrf;wpfcsdefv#if um;wpfpD;EH+;
tjrefvrf;r}uD;odk ht0if&SdrDwm rD;pdrf;wpf}udrfwGif um;wpfpD;EH+; jzwfausmf
oGm;&rnf?

vrf;ray:&SdtrSwftom;rsm;
vrf;ray:&SdtrSwftom;rsm;jzifh,mOfa}umrsm;udk xdrf;uGyfn$efjyay;onf?

tjzLa&mifrsOf;rsm;
wlnDaomOD;wnf&modk hoGm;aeaom,mOfrsm;tm; tjzLa&mifrsOf;rsm;jzifh vdkif;jcm; ay;onf?
tjzLa&mifrsOf;jywfrsm;&Sdaom{&d,mrsm;wGif,mOfarmif;olonf/ ,mOfvdkif;ajymif;Ekdifonf?
ydkIwdkjyD; xlaomtjzLa&mifrsOf;jywfrsm;onf xdk,mOfvdkif;ukefqHk;awmhrnfudkjyqdkonf?
tjzLa&mifrsOf;quf&Sdaom{&d,mrsm;wGif ,mOfvdkif;rajymif;&ef n$ef;qdk./ tjzLa&mif rsOf;
qufrsm;udk/ vrf;jzwful;ae&mrsm;/ vrf;qHkvrf;cG&Sd&yfrsOf;rsm;/ um;&yfem;ae&mrsm;/ vrf;qHk;
ae&mrsm;wGifvnf;jrifawG hEdkifonf?
tjzLa&mifrsOf;qufESpfa}umif;&Sdaom{&d,mrsm;wGif ,mOfvdkif;ajymif;jcif;udkwm;jrpfonf?
vrf;ab;awmufav#muf tjzLa&mifrsOf;qufESifh pufbD;vkdif;qdkif;bk'f&Sd&mae&mrsm;onf/ puf
bD;pD;olrsm;twGufomjzpfonf? pufbD;pD;olrsm;onf ,mOfa}umESifhvdkufavsmnDaxG&Sdap&ef/
wlnDaomOD;wnf&yfodk hompD;eif;&rnf?

t0ga&mifrsOf;rsm;
qef husifzuft&yfESpfzufr S,mOfa}umrsm;udk t0ga&mifrsOf;jzifh ydkif;jcm;owfrSwfxm;onf?
t0ga&mifrsOf;quf&dS&m{&d,mrsm;wGif ,mOfausmfwufjcif;udkwm;jrpfonf? ausmfrwuf&ZHkwGif
ausmfwufjcif;onf w&m;r0ifay?
t0ga&mif;rsOf;jywfrsm;&Sdaom {&d,mrsm;wGif ,mOfausmfwufjcif;udk cGifhjyKonf?
vrf;.wpfzufwGif t0ga&mifrsOf;quftm;jrifawG h&jyD; tjcm;wpfzufwGift0ga&mifrsOf;
jywfudk jrifawG h&onf? ,mOfarmif;olrsm;taejzifh rdrd.,mOfa}umtwGif;&Sd trSwftom;rsm;udk
av; pm;vdkufem&rnf?
vrf;tv,f t0ga&mifrsOf;qufESpfvdkif;rSm/ OD;wnf&yfESpfckpvHk;.,mOfa}umvdkif;rS ,mOf
ausmfwufjcif;ukdwm;jrpfonf? OD;wnf&yfESpfzufpvHk;rS armif;ESifaeaom ,mOf armif;olrsm;onf/
vrf;tv,f&Sdt0ga&mifrsOf;ESpfvdkif;tm; jzwfausmfjyD; ,mOfausmfwufjcif; tm;wm;jrpfonf?

65
,mOfa}umvdkif;ESpfck&SdjyD;/ OD;wnf&yfESpfzufpvHk;odk harmif;ESifEdkifonf?
tvrf;tv,fwGif t0ga&mifrsOf;jywfjzifhydkif;jcm;owfrSwfxm;v#if/ OD;wnf&yf
ESpfzufpvHk;rS ,mOfrsm;onf ausmfwufEdkifonf?

,mOfa}umvdkif;ESpfck&SdjyD;/ OD;wnf&yfESpfzufpvHk;odk harmif;ESifEdkifonf?

t0ga&mifrsOf;quf&Sdaom,mOfa}umzufrSarmif;ESifolonf/ ausmfwufjcif;rjyK&ef wm;jrpfonf?

,mOfa}umvdkif;ESpfck&SdjyD;/ OD;wnf&yfESpfzufpvHk;odk harmif;ESifEdkifonf?

OD;wnf&yfESpfzufpvHk;rS ,mOfarmif;olrsm; ausmfwufjcif;rjyK&ef wm;jrpfonf?

OD;wnf&yfwpfzufwGif ,mOfa}umESpfckpD&SdjyD; pkpkaygif; ,mOfa}umav;ck&Sdonf? t0ga&mif

rsOf;qufESpfvdkif;jzifh ydkif;jcm;owfrSwfxm;aom T{&d,mwGif,mOfausmfwufjcif;tm;
wm;jrpfonf?

66
,mOfa}umoHk;vdkif;&SdjyD; OD;wnf&yfESpfzufpvHk;odk harmif;ESifEdkifonf? vrf;tv,f&Sd auGhvdkif;onf
OD;wnf&yfESpfzufpvHk;rSb,fzufauG hvdkaom ,mOfrsm; twGuf t&Hxm;&Sday;xm;onf?

,mOfa}umtrsm;tjym;&SdjyD; OD;wnf&yfESpfzufpvHk;odk harmif;ESifEkdifjyD; vrf;tv,fwGif vkdif;quf

jzifh ydkif;jcm;xm;onf? xdkvrf;tv,fwGifabmifr&Sday?

,mOfa}umvdkif;trSwftom;rsm;
owfrSwfudpPtwGuf (odkh) owfrSwfxm;aom ,mOftrsdK;tpm;rsm;twGuf ,mOfa}umvdkif;
trSwftom;rsm;jzifh/ cJGjcm;owfrSwfay;xm;onf?

auG h&ef,mOfa}umvdkif;rsm;
vrf;qHkvrf;cGrsm;&SdauG h&ef,mOfa}umrsm;udk b,fauG h(vuf0J) nmauG h(vuf,m)tjzpf rlv
,mOfa}umr}uD;rS oD;jcm;pDowfrSwfxm;&Sdonf? tjzLa&mifjr‡m;ESifh “only” pma&;qGJyg&Sdaom
,mOfa}umvdkif;twGif;a&muf&Sdaeaom ,mOfarmif;oltaejzifh/ xdk,mOfa}umvdkif; twGif;rSom
uef hvef hjzwfvrf;odk hauG hEdkifonf? oifh,mOfT,mOfa}umvdkif;twGif; a&muf&Sdaev#if/ oifhum;
udk auG hudkauG h&rnf? tcsdK haom ,mOfa}umvdkif;rsm;wGif jr‡m;trsm;tjym;&SdjyD;b,fauG h/nmauG h
ESifhwnfhwnfhoGm;&ef cGifhjyKxm;onf? vrf;qHkvrf;cGteD;auG h&ef,mOfa}umudk/ wnfhwnfhoGm;&ef
,mOfa}umrS/ tjzLa&mifrsOf;qufjzifh cGJjcm;xm;jcif;onf? xdk{&d,mtwGif; ,mOfa}umvdkif;
ajymif;jcif;rjyKvkyf&efjzpfonf?

tv,fauG h&ef,mOfa}umvdkif;rsm;
vrf;tv,facgif&SdauG h&ef,mOfa}umvkdif;onf/ OD;wnf&yfESpfzufpvHk;rS,mOfrsm; b,fzuf
(vuf0J) auG h&eftwGufomjzpfonf? T,mOfa}umvdkif;udk t0ga&mifrsOf;qufESifhrsOf;jywf rsOf;
jydKifqGJjyD;owfrSwfjyxm;onf? tcsdK hae&mrsm;wGif T,mOfa}umvdkif;udk vrf;ray:wGif tjzLa&mif
jr‡m;jzifh qGJjyxm;onf? OD;wnf&yfESpfzufpvHk;rS armif;ESifaeaom,mOfrsm;onf T,mOfa}umvdkif;
tm; toHk;jyKjyD;/tjcm;vrf;wpfzufodk h(odk h)vrf;oG,ftwGif;odk hauG h0ifEdkifonf?

67
ajymif;jyefarmif;Edkifaom,mOfa}umvdkif;
,mOfarmif;olrsm;/toHk;rsm;aomtcsdefrsm;wGif,mOfa}umpD;qif;r+aumif;rGefacsmarG h
aeap&ef ajymif;jyefarmif;Ekdifaom,mOfa}umvdkif;rsm;u taxmuftuljyKonf? T
,mOfa}umvdkif;rsm;udk t0ga&mifrsOf;jywfESpfvdkif;jzifh cGJjcm;owfrSwfay;xm;onf?
txuf&dS tcsufjyrD;pdrf;aecJhv#if(odk h)qdkif;bk'fjzifhcGifhjyKxm;v#if/ xdkrsOf;rsm;udk
jzwfausmfarmif;oGm;Edkifonf?

um;pkpD; ,mOfa}umvdkif; ( Carpool Lanes )

vlESpfOD;(odk h)ESpfOD;xufydkyg&Sdaom,mOfrsm;om um;pkpD;,mOfa}umvdkif;twGif;0ifa&muf
armif;ESifcGifh&Sdonf? Tvkdif;udk'dkif;rGef;oauFw(odk h) “Carpool Only ” [lI a&;qGJ owf
rSwfjyxm;onf? um;zl;,mOfa}umvdkif;udkyHkrSeftm;jzifh/ vrf;r.b,fzuftpGefqHk;vrf;
a}umwGifxm;&SdjyD; tjzLESifht0ga&mifrsOf;rsm;jzifhydkif;jcm;owfrSwfay;xm;onf?

owday;trSwftom;rsm;
oD;jcm;tajctaersm;tvdkufvrf;ray:wGif ,mOfarmif;olrsm;udk owday;ta}umif;
t&mrsm;udkaz:jyxm;onf? Oyrm? ? “School Zone Ahead. ” (ta&S hwGifausmif;ZHk/)

,mOfxdrf;&Jt&m&Sdrsm;
Oya'qdkif&mt&m&Sdrsm;ESifh tjcm;oD;jcm;cef htyfxm;olrsm;u tcsdK haomtajctaersdK;rsm;wGif
vrf;r,mOfa}umrsm;udk0ifa&muf}uD;}uyfuGyfuJay;rnf? tu,fI,mOfxdrf; &Jt&m&dS wpfOD;OD;
&dSaeonfhtcsdefrsdK;wGif/ tcsufjyrD;rsm;/ qdkif;bk'frsm;/ vrf;ray:&Sdpm wrf;rsm;xuf/ xdkt&m&Sd.
n$ef}um;csuftm; vdkufemaqmif&Guf&rnf?
,mOfxdrf;t&m&Sdu ,mOfarmif;oltm;&yfapvdkonhftcg/ ,mOfwnfhwnfhodk hrsufESmrlv#uf
vuf0g;wpfzufaxmifjyxm;jyD;c&moHt&Snfr+wfvdrfhrnf? ,mOfarmif;oludk parmif;xGufap vdk
onfhtcg/ t&m&SdrS ol.vuftm;a0S h,rf;jyjyD;c&moHwdkrsm; qufwdkufr+wfvdrfhrnf? tvif;a&mif
enf;yg;aeaom tajctaersdK;rsm;wGif/ t&m&SdrSvufESdyf"gwfrD;toHk;jyKjyvdrfhrnf?

68
 tcef; (6)
,mOfarmif;jcif;tajctaetrsdK;rsdK;
tajctaetrsdK;trsdK;twGif; tEW&m,fuif;pGm ,mOfarmif;ESifEdkif&ef Ttcef;wGif/
vrf;n$efjyxm;onf?
“SIPDE” pHepftm;toHk;jyKjcif;
oifjyKvkyfor#t&mtm;vHk;udk tjcm;olrsm;jrifawG hrdvdrfhrnfr[kwf? taotjcmjrifawG hrdvdkuf
aom rsufvHk;rsm;rSm/ oif.rsufvHk;rsm;yifjzpfayonf? tawG ht}uHK&ifhusufaom ,mOfarmif;ol
rsm;onf rdrdwdk h.ygwf0ef;usifYjzpfay:aeaom tajctae rsm;udkowdjyKaom tavhtusifh rsdK;
jyKvkyfavh&Sd}uonf? “ SIPDE ”[kvlodrsm;aompHepfudktoHk;csv#ufrdrdwdk h. ,mOfarmif;pepf
udkcsrSwf avh&Sdonf?
tqifh(5)qifhyg0ifaom “SIPDE”pHepfudktoHk;jyKjcif;jzifh rwlnDaomtajctae trsdK; rsdK;wGif
oifhav#mffaomqHk;jzwfcsufudk csrSwfEdkifjyD;rSefuefpGmtoHk;csekdif}uayonf?
• Scan ( ywf0ef;usifudk csLH}unfhjcif; )
• Identify ( odjrifawG h&Sdjcif; )
• Predict ( rSef;qwGufcsufjcif; )
• Decide ( qHk;jzwfcsufjcjcif;)
• Execute (udkifwG,fvkyfaqmifjcif;)
txufygtqifhrsm;udk/wpfckjcif;pDtvdkufavhvm}unfh}uygpdk h?
• Scan ( ywf0ef;usifudk csLH}unfhjcif; )
jzpfay:vmEdkifajc&SdaomtEN&,frsm; rjzpfay:vmrD oif.ta&S /htaemuf/ ab;ESpfzuftm;av;
av;eufeufavhvmyg? oif.av;av;eufeufpl;prf;xm;r+/ oif&&Sdrnfh tcsdefESifh ae&mtus,f
t0ef;tay:rlwnfjyD;/ rawmfwq,mOfwdkufr+rsm;udkz,f&Sm; (odk h) eJyg;avsmhusapEdkifonf?vrf;qHk
vrf;cGrsm;/aps;ESifhausmif;{&d,mrsm;/ pDyGg;a&; ZHkrsm;wGif/ a&Smifwdrf;vGwfajrmufEdkifaom vrf;
a}umif; udk tm&Hkpdkuf&Smxm;yg? atmufaz:jyyg tcsufrsm;udkavhvmyg?
• oifhta&S hrSauG h0ifvmrnhf,mOfrsm;udk*&kpdkufyg?
• oif.ab; b,fnm(0J/,m)ESpfzufpvHk;&Sd,mOfrsm;udk*&kpdkufyg?
• oif.taemufzufrS vmaeaom ,mOfrsm;udk*&kpdkufyg?
• vrf;raumif;bJysufaeonfhtcsdefrsdK;wGif*&kpdkufyg?
• Identify (odjrifydkif;jcm;jcif;)
tEN&,fjzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajctaersm;udkod&Sdxm;yg?
• um;rsm;/armfawmfqkdifu,frsm;ESifhtjcm;,mOfrsm;onfoif.,mOfa}umtwGif;odk h a&muf&Sd
vmEdkifjyD;/,mOfwdkufcdkufr+jzpfEkdifajcrsm;vmEdkifonf?
• vrf;av#mufolrsm;ESifh wd&dp>mefrsm;onf/ }udKwifrSef;q&ef cufcJjyD; tcsdefwdkwdkESifh
v#ifjrefpGma&G hv#m;Edkif}uonf?
69
 • ra&Gh&Sm;aom t&mrsm;/ csdKifh/ukef;/&xm;vrf;um/qdkif;bk'frsm;/opfyifrsm;onf oif.
,mOfvrf;a}umtwGif;odk h0ifa&mufvmvdrfhrnfr[kwfaomfvnf;/ oif.,mOfarmif;ESif
aer+tay: tusdK;oufa&mufr+ wpfpHkwpf&mjzpfay:Edkifygonf?
• Predict (rSef;qwGufcsufjcif;)
t&Sdef/ tuGmta0;ESifh tEN&,f&Sd&mt&yfwdk hudkxnfhoGif;pOf;pm;jyD;/ oifhtay:rnfodkhaom tusdK;
oufa&mufr+&SdvmEdkifonfukd rSef;qwGufcsufxm;yg? ta0;odk ha&G hv#m;aeaom (odk h) &yfaeaom
um;rsm;xuf oif.vrf;a}umtwGif;0ifa&mufvmaom um;rsm;uydkI tEN&,frsm;ayonf?
• Decide (qHk;jzwfcsufcsjcif;)
tajcaersm; &kwfw&ufajymif;vnf;oGm;cJhv#if/ oif.rSef;qwGufcsufr+tay:rlwnfjyD; vkyfoifh
aom t&mwpfckudkqHk;jzwfcsufcsyg? ajymif;vnf;aeaom,mOfa}um tajctaersm;tvdkuf/ wnf
jidrfpGmjzifhqHk;jzwfcsufcsjyD;pDrHaqmif&Gufyg?
• Execute (taumiftxnfaz:vkyfaqmifjcif;)
oif.qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udktaumiftxnfaz:vkyfaqmifyg? xdcdkufr+eJyg;ap&ef ESifh
a&Smif&Sm;&eftwGuf atmufygtcsufrsm;udkvkyfaqmifyg?
• oifwnf&Sdae&mudkrD;a&mifESihf[Gef;oHay;jyD;odapyg?
• oifhav#mfaomt&Sdefodk hxdrf;ndSyg?
• oifhwnf&Sdae&mESifhOD;wnf&mudkxdrf;ndSyg?

oHk;puUef hpnf;rsOf;
oif.,mOfESifhoifhta&S h&Sd,mOft}um; tEW&m,fuif;aomtuGmta0;&&SdEdkif&eftwGuf/ oHk;puUef h
pnf;rsOf;udktoHk;csyg? yHkrSefaumif;rGefaomtajctaersdK;Y yHkrSeftvsm;&Sdaom ,mOfrsm;armif;ESif
ae csdeftwGuf Tpnf;rsOf;u/ oifhav#mfayonf?
oifhta&S hvrf;ab;&Sd w,fvDzkef;wdkif/ qdkif;bk'fwkdif/ opfyifESifhwHwm;uJhodk haomqHkrSwf wpf
ckktm; udk;um;&eftwGufa&G;cs,fxm;yg?
oifhta&S h&Sd,mOfonf xdkqHkrSwftm;ausmfvGefoGm;onfhtcsdefrSpwifjyD;/ “wpfaxmifhwpf/ wpf
axmifhESpf/ wpfaxmifhoHk; ” [lIpwif&nfwGufyg? oif&nfwGufIrqHk;rD xdkqHkrSwftm; oifausmf
vGefoGm;cJhv#if oifonfxdk,mOfESifheD;uyfvGef;pGm armif;ESifaeonfudkod&Sdyg?
tEW&m,fuif;aomtuGmta0;ESifht&Sdefodk ha&muf&Sdonftxd/ oif.t&Sdefudkajz;ajz;av#mhcsyg?
vrf;tajctaeraumif;onfhtcg(odk h) oifarmif;ESifaeaom,mOfonf yHkrSeftvsm;xuf ydk&Snf
aom ,mOfrsdK;jzpfaeonfhtcg/ ydkIa0;a0;rSvdkuf&ef av;puUef h(odk h) ig;puUef htxd&nfwGufyg?
oifhtaemufrS,mOfonf oifESifheD;uyfvGef;aev#if t&Sdefav#mhjyD;/ oifhtm;ausmfwuf oGm;
apyg?

,mOf&yf&ef tuGmta0;
vHkjcHKr+&SdaomtuGmta0;rSvdkufygjcif;jzifh oif&yfoifhaomtuGmta0;udkcefhrSef;edkifonf? odk h
aomf/ trSefwu,f&yf&aomtuGmta0;onf atmufygta}umif;wrdsK;;rsdK;a}umifh uGmjcm;r+
&Sdrnfjzpfonf?
• ta&S hwGiftEN&,f&Sda}umif;,mOfarmif;olod&Sdvdkufonfhtcsdef/

70
 • tEN&,f&Sda}umif;od&SdvdkufonfhtcsdefrSpjyD; b&dwfudkpwiftoHk;jyK&eftwGuf wpfpuUef h
. av;yHkoHk;yHk tcsdefvdktyfonf?
• &moDOwktajctae
• oifh,mOfwm,myef;rsm;tajctae
• oifh,mOf.b&dwftrsdK;tpm;

ntcsdef,mOfarmif;ESifjcif;
ntcsdef,mOfoGm;vmr+enf;aomfvnf;/ rDeDpdk;xmjynfe,fwGifjzpfyGg;aom,mOfwdkufr+rsm;. xuf
0ufenf;yg;rSm/ ntcsdefYjzpfyGg;jcif;jzpfonf? oifoGm;vdk&modk htEN&,fuif;pGm a&muf&Sd&ef tvdk h
iSg/ c&D;pOftprjyKrD/ vrf;ajryHkESifhOD;wnf&yfwdk hudk OD;pGmavhvmyg? oifh,mOf.rD;rsm; yHkrSeftvkyf
vkyfjcif;&Sda}umif;aojcmpGmppfaq;yg? avumrSefrsm;oef h&Sif;jyD; tpGef;tuGufrsm;r&Sdap&?

a&S hrD;}uD;rsm;
oifhrsufESmjcif;qdkifrS,mOfESifh oifht}um;ay (1000)twGif; (odk h) oifhta&S h&Sd,mOfESifh oifht}um;
ay (200 ) (odk h) ay200xufavsmhenf;aom tuGmta0;rSvdkufaeaomtcsdefrsdK;wGif/ oifh,mOf.
a&S hrD;}uD;rsm;udk tm;tedrfhwGifxm;&Sd&rnf? ae0ifcsdefrSpwifjyD; aexGufonfhtcsdeftxda&S h rD;}uD;
rsm;udk xGef;zGifhxm;&rnf? rdk;&Gmaecsdef/ ESif;usaecsdef/ jrLqdkif;aecsdef/ rD;oD;a}uGaecsdefESifhoifhta&S h
ay (500) tuGmta0;odk haumif;rGefpGmrjrifEdkifaomtcsdefrsdK;rsm;wGif a&S h rD;}uD;rsm;udk xGef;zGifh
xm;&rnf?
a&S hrD;}uD;.tvif;a&mifxuf ausmfvGefjyD;r}unfhygESifh? a&S hrD;}uD;uvrf;ray: xGef;jyEkdif
aomtuGmta0;twGif;Y oifh,mOfudk&yfwef hEdkif&rnf? ,mOftrsm;pk. a&S hrD;}uD;tm;tjrifhwGif/
xGef;vif;jyEdkifaomtuGmta0;rSm/ay (350) xufrydkay?
tarSmiftwGif; (odk h) ntcsdef,mOfarmif;ESifonfhtcg/ rsufESmcsif;qdkifrSvmaom,mOf. a&S h
rD;}uD;/ (odk h) oifhaemuf}unhfrSefrS wpfqifha&mifjyefrD;a}umifh oifhtjrifr+ef0g;oGm;jcif;rsdK; }uHKawG h
Edkifayonf? xdkuJhokd htjrifr+ef0g;oGm;onfhtcgrsdK;wGif/ vrf;rtpGef&Sd tjzLa&mifrsOf;a}umif;tm;
udk;um;armif;ESifyg? tu,fItaemufzufrSrD;a&mifa}umifh/ tjrifr+ef0g;oGm;cJhv#if/ae h–n rSef/
(odk h) ykHrSefaemuf}unfhoHk;rSeftm;jyefndSjyD;toHk;jyKyg?

tjrefvrf;ay:,mOfarmif;ESifjcif;
tjrefvrf;rrsm;wGif,mOfvrf;a}umrsm;pGm&SdjyD;/ vdkif;cJGjcm;xm;aom ta0;ajy;vrf;rsm;jzpfjyD;/
tjcm;vrf;oG,fwdkif;rS 0ifa&mufEdkifjcif;r&dSay? tjrefvrf;rsm;wGif/ uef hvef hjzwfvrf;rsm;/
&yf&efae&mrsm;r&Sdaoma}umifh c&D;a0;odk hr&yfrem;armif;ESifcGifhjyKxm;edkifjcif;jzpfonf?

71
tjrefvrf;ray:odk h0ifa&mufjcif;
tjrefvrf;rtwGif;0ifa&muf&ef csOf;uyfvrf;rSm wdkawmif;jyD; wpfvrf;armif;vrf;jzpf.? csOf;uyf
vrf;trsm;pk.tqHk;wGif/ t&Sdef,l&ef,mOfa}umvrf;&SdjyD;/ tjrefvrf;ray:&SdESifhjyD;aom,mOfrsm;.
t&SdefESifhvdkufavsmnDaxGjzpfap&eft&SdefjrSifhjyD;0ifa&mufyg?
tjrefvrf;rtwGif;0ifa&mufonfhtcg/ tjrefvrf;ray:&SdESifhjyD;aom ,mOfa}umwkH haES;oGm;jcif;
r&Sdap&e f(odk h) ta&S hrSjzwf0ifwm;ouJhodk hrjzpfap&ef/ &SdESifhjyD;aom,mOfrsm;vGwfvGwf vyfvyf
armif;ESifekdif&ef oif.t&Sdeftm;xdrf;ndSay;yg? tjrefvrf;rtwGif;0ifa&mufonfhtcg tjcm;
,mOfrsm;udkOD;pm;ay;&rnf?
tcsufjyrD;udktoHk;jyKjyD;oifh&nf&G,fcsuftm; tjcm;,mOfarmif;olrsm;od&Sdapyg? oifhESifhteD;
qHk;,mOfa}umtwGif; vGwfaeaomae&mudk&SmjyD;/ xdkae&mvGwfodk h0ifa&muf&eftcGifhta&;ay;v#if/
0ifvdkufyg?
csOf;uyfvrf;(odk h)t&Sdef,lvrf;twGif; cHkvkHaomta}umif;r&SdbJ &yfem;jcif;rjyK&?
t&Sdef,lvrf;r&Sdaomae&mY OD;pm;ay; “ Yield ” qdkif;bk'ftm; csOf;uyfvrf;wGifxm;&SdcJhv#if/qkdif;
bk'fjyqdkonfhtwdkif;vdkufemyg? vdktyfv#if&yfvdkufyg? tjrefvrf;r,mOfa}umtwGif;twif;
wdk;r0ifygESifh?

csOf;uyfvrf;rDwmrsm;
tjrefvrf;rtwGif;odk h0ifa&mufpOfvG,fulr+&Sdap&ef/ wdkufcdkufr+ESifh,mOfa}umydwfqdk hr+enf;yg;ap
&eftvdk hiSg/ csOf;uyfvrf;trsm;pkwGifrDwmrsm;wwfqifxm;onf?
rDwmrsm;rSm csOf;uyfvrf;. xuf0ufae&mwGifxm;&Sdxm;aomtcsufjyrD;jzpfjyD;/ ,mOfarmif;
ESifr+rsm;jym;aomtcsdefrsm;YtoHk;jyKonf? rD;teD/t0gESifhtpdrf;a&mifrsm;jzifh/ ,mOfarmif;olrsm;
rnfokdhqufvkyf&rnfudk n$efjy./ rD;teDa&mifudk jzwfarmif;jcif;onf Oya'ESifhqef husif./
rD;pdrf;jypOftwGif; um;wpfpD;omqufarmif;cGifh&Sdonf?

72
tjrefvrf;ray:t&SdefESifh ,mOfa}umoHk;pGJr+
tajctaeay;v#if/ tjcm;,mOfrsm;.t&Sdeftwdkif;omarmif;ESif&rnfjzpfaomfvnf;/ owfrSwfxm;
aomt&Sdefxuf ausmfvGefjyD;rarmif;ESif&? oifonftjcm;aom,mOfrsm;xufydkIaES;pGmarmif;ESif
rnfqdkygu/ vrf;.nmzuf(vuf,m)tpGef;,mOfa}umYarmif;yg? odk hr[kwfygu/ tjcm;,mOfrsm;
enf;wl}ud kufESpfouf&m,mOfa}umudka&G;cs,farmif;ESifyg? tjcm;,mOftm;ausmfwufvdkonfhtcg
(odk h)tjrefvrf;rrSxGufvdkonfhtcg/ oifjyKvkyfvdkonfht&mtm;tcsufjyjyD; oif0ifa&mufrnfh
,mOfa}um&Sif;vif;aeap&ef OD;pGmaojcmatmif}unfhyg?

owif;qdkif;bk'frsm;
tcsdK haomtjrefvrf;rrsm;wGif/ ta&S hY,mOfwdkufr+/ ,mOfa}umydwfqdk hr+/(odk h),mOfa}umtajct
aersm;udk owif;ay;aomqdkif;bk'frsm;xm;&Sdonf/
cav;jyefay;qGJcH&r+tm;owday;wHkjyefapvdkonfhtcsdefrsdK;wGifjynfe,fta&;ay:aqmif&Guf&ef
toHv$ifhtpDtpOfrS/AMBER owif;xkwfjyefay;onfhtcgrsdK;wGif owif;qdkif;bk'frsm;wGif/az:jy
xm;rnf? xdkqdkif;bk'frS,mOfESifhoufqkdifaomowif;rsm;udkaz:jyxm;rnf? xdkowif;tcsuftvuf
rsm;ESifhudkufnDaom(odk h)tjcm;owif;tcsufrsm;od&Sdxm;aom,mOfarmif;olrsm;taejzifh/ w&m;
Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;Xgeodk hta}umif;}um;ay;apvdkonf?

vltrsm;pD;,mOfrsm;twGuf,mOfa}umrsm;
T,mOfa}umrsm;twGif; armfawmfqdkifu,frsm;/ bwfpfum;rsm;ESifh vlESpfOD; (odk h) ESpfOD;ESifh
txufvkdufygpD;eif;aeaom,mOfrsm;omarmif;ESifcGifh&Sdonf?

tjrefvrf;rvrf;qHkvrf;cJG
tjrefvrf;ray:rStjcm;vrf;wpfck(odk h)tjcm;tjrefvrf;rwpfckodk hul;ajymif;Edkif&eftwGuf
vrf;v$Jrsm;udkqufoG,fwnfaqmufxm;onf?Tvrf;v$Jrsm;jzifhtjcm;aomvrf;wpfck/
(odk h)tjrefvrf;rwpfckodk hvHkjcHKr+&SdjyD;,mOfa}umpD;qif;r+acsmarG hap&ef/pDpOfxm;onf/

73
 opf&GufyHk

'dkif;rGef;tacgufyHk

'dkif;rGef;yHk

&yfjcif;/&yfem;jcif;ESifhaemufqkwfjcif;
ta&;ay:udpPrsdK;rSwpfyg;/ tjrefvrf;ray:,mOf&yfjcif;ESifh&yfem;xm;jcif;wdk honfw&m;r0ifaom
vkyf&yfjzpfonf? "gwfqDukefoGm;I,mOf&yfem;xm;jcif;tm;ta&;ay:udpP[lIowfrSwfrnfr[kwf
bJ/ ta&;,lcH&rnfjzpfonf?
tu,fIta&;ay:udpPjzifhtjrefvrf;ray:,mOf&yfem;&rnfqdkcJhvsifatmufaz:jyygtwdkif;vdkufem
aqmif&Guf&rnf?
• vrf;ycHk;ay:Y,mOf&yfem;yg/wwfEdkifor#yifrvrf;rESifha0;aomae&mudka&G;cs,fyg/
• ,mOftaemufzHk;tm;zGifhxm;yg(odk h)t0wfjzLwpfcktm;,mOf.a&'D,dkwkdif(odk h)wHcg;
vufudkifYcsnfxm;yg/
74
 • tEN&,ftcsufay;rD;zGifhxm;yg?
• tu,fIoifYa&mifjyefrsm;/ rD;cdk;ajcmif;rsm;&SdcJhv#if/ oif,mOftaemufzufay (100 rS
500)twGif;/ vrf;.nmzuftpGrf;wGifxm;&Sdxm;yg?
• jzpfEdkifv#ifoifh,mOfESifhtwlaeyg? oifh,mOftm;xm;&SdcJh&rnfqdkygv#if/ vrf;ray: (odk h)
t&H,mOfa}umay:rSvrf;av#mufroGm;ygESifh? xkdodk hvrf;av#mufjcif;onfw&m;Oya'rJh
jzpfjyD; tvGeftEN&,frsm;jym;vGef;ayonf?
tjrefvrf;ray:aemufjyefqkwfjcif;ESifh vSnfhygwfauG hjcif;onfw&m;Oya'rJhjzpf.? TOya'yg
cGsif;csuft&/ta&;ay:,mOfrsm;ESifhvrf;jyKjyifaom,mOfarmif;rsm;omwm0efxrf;aqmifpOf xkdodk h
jyKvkyfcGifh&Sdonf?

tjrefvrf;ray:&Sdta&;ay:,mOfrsm;
vrf;rab;Yaq;&Hkum;/rD;owfum;(odk h)ykvdyfum;rsm;.rdSwfwkwfrD;a&mifudkjrifawG h&onfhtcg/
xdkta&;ay:,mOfrsm;ESifha0;&mzuf,mOfa}umodk tEW&m,fuif;pGmajymif;a&G h&rnf? xdkodk ha&G hajymif;
&eftcGifhromcJhvsift&Sdefav#mh&rnf?
ta&;ay:,mOfrsm;. rD;a&mifESifhO}ooHudkoifh,mOftaemufzufrS}um;&v#if/ teD;qHk;vrf;ab;
odk huyfjyD;&yfvdkuf&rnf? b&dwfeif;vdkufjcif;/ tjcm;,mOfa}umwpfckodk ha&Smifwdrf;vdkufjcif;rsdK;r
vkyf&? auG h&eftcsufjyrD;oHk;zdk hrarhygESifh?
ta&;ay:,mOfuoifhtm;vHk;0ausmfvGefjyD;oGm;onftxd &yfxm;&rnf? jyefpIrxGufcGgrD/
tjcm; ta&;ay:,mOfrsm;xyfvmaejcif;&Sdr&Sd aojcmpGmapmifh}unfhyg?
rD;owfum;. taemufzuf teJqHk;ay(500)tuGmrSae&rnf?

tjrefvrf;ray:rSxGufcGgjcif;
tjrefvrf;ray:Ypwifrarmif;EsifrD oifxGuf&rnfhae&mtm;}udKwifod&Sdxm;jcif;onf/ oifhtm;
taxmuftuljzpfaponf? ta&S hwGifawG h&rnfhtxGufvrf;rsm;ta}umif;azmfjyxm;onfh qdkif;
bk'frsm;udk }unfhxm;yg? oifxGuf&rnfhtxGufvrf;odk heD;vmonfhtcg/ ,mOfa}umajymif;vdkonfh
zufodk htcsufjyjyD; taES;,mOfa}umodk hvHkjcHKr+&SdpGm/ajymif;yg? Todk h}udKwifjyifqifxm;jcif;jzifh
txGufvrf;odk hra&mufrD/t&Sdef av#mh&eftcsdef&&Sdrnf? xdk htjyift&Sdefjrefarmif;aom,mOfa}umrsm;
twGufvnf; taESmuft&Sufrjzpfapawmhyg?
oifxGufvdkonfhtxGufvrf;tm; ausmfvGefoGm;cJhv#if ta&S hxGufvrf;txdqufoGm;jyD;rS
xGufyg?a emufjyefqkwfjcif;/ *i,fauG hjyefarmif;vmjcif;rsdK;rvkyf&?

,mOfwdkufr+rsm;
,mOfwdkufr+Yoifyg0ifygwfoufjyD; xdckduf'g%f&m&r+jzpfcJhv#if/ tcif;jzpf&mae&mYaeyg? oifvkyf
Edkifv#if “911” (odk h) Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;at*sifpDwpfckckodk hzkef;qufyg?
,mOfwdkufr+a}umifhypPnf;xdcdkufysufpD;r+om&SdcJhv#if/ vHkjcHK&modk ha&G haeyg? ,mOfa}umESifha0;
&m/ vHkjcHKr+&Sdaomae&modk hra&mufrjcif;/ oifh,mOftay:rSatmufodk hrqif;ygESifh?
,mOfarmif;vdkifpifygtcsuftvufrsm;ESifh tmrcHqdkif&mtcsuftvufrsm;udk tjcm;aom,mOf
armif;olESifhzv,f&,lxm;yg? wdkufcdkufr+Yyg0ifygwfoufaom tjcm;,mOfrsm;. vdkifpif

75
eHygwfjym;eHygwftm;a&;rSwfxm;yg? ,mOfrSwfyHkwifeHygwftm;vnf;vJvS,frSwf,lxm;Edkifygonf?
vdktyfv#ifOya'pdk;rdk;a&;tzJG htultnDawmif;,lyg?

taESmuft,Sufay;aom,mOfarmif;ESifr+
tjcm;oltm;taESmuft,SufjyKjcif; (odk h) rav;rpm;armif;ESifwwfaom,mOfarmif;olrsm;a}umif h
,mOfrsm;pGmyg0ifaom,mOfwkdufcdkufr+rsm; trsm;qHk;jzpfyGg;&jyD;/ touf (64)ESpft&G,ftxd&Sdaom
,mOfarmif;olrsm;yg0ifwwfa}umif;awG h&Sd&onf?
,mOfarmif;aepOfvufudkifzkef;ajymqdkjcif;/ tpm;taomufoHk;pGJjcif;/ a&'D,dkvdkif;&Smjcif;/ tjcm;c&D;
onfESifhpum;pjrnfajymjcif;/ ajryHk(odk h)tjcm;wpfckwpfck}unfhjcif;/ tp&Sdonfhta}umif;udpPwdk h
rSm/ taESmuft,Sufay;aomt&mrsm;jzpf.? vrf;ay:okd h}unfhaeaomfvnf;tjcm;,mOf wdkufcdkuf
r+tm; ai;armjcif;/ pdwful;,Ofjcif; tp&Sdonfwdk hrSmvnf;/ ,mOfarmif;olwpfOD;. wm0efESifh
0wW&m;rsm;rS aoGz,foGm;apEdkif.? vHkjcHKr+twGufoifonf ,mOfarmif;olwpfOD;. wm0eftjynfh
t0 ESifharmif;ESifaeoljzpfa}umif;tcsdefjynfh/ tm&Hkpdkufaeyg?

&rf;um;pGm,mOfarmif;ESifr+
&rf;um;pGm,mOfarmif;ESifwwfolrsm;onf tjcm;aom,mOfarmif;olrsm;tay:tav;rxm; rpOf;
pm;wwf}uaomvlrsdK;rsm;jzpf.? tjcm;,mOfarmif;olrsm;.jyKr+r+rsm;a}umifhr[kwfbJ/ 4if;wdk h
.yifudktwGif;pdwfaeoabmxm;rsm;uyif &rfvdkwwfjyD;pdwf&SnfoD;cHwwfjcif;r&Sd?
&rf;um;pGmarmif;ESifr+wGif/ tjcm;,mOfarmif;olrsm;xufydkIv#ifjrefpGmarmif;ESifjcif;/ t
aemufrStvGefeD;uyfpGmvdkufarmif;jcif;/ r}umc%ESifh&kwfw&uf,mOfa}umajymif;jcif; /tcsuf
jyrD;roHk;jcif;/ vrf;ycHk;ay:rStjcm;,mOfwpfpD;tm;ausmfwufjcif;/ teD;tem;&Sdtjcm;,mOfarmif;
olrsm;tm;rdkuf}unfh}unfhjcif;/ csdef;ajcmufjcif;wdk hjyKvkyfavh&Sd}u.?
tu,fIoifonftxufazmfjyygyHkpHrsdK;jzpfaea}umif; owdxm;rdv#if/ ,mOfarmif;ESifonfh
tcsdefwGif/ pdwfwnfjidrfr+&Sd&ef ydkrdkusdK;pm;tm;xkwfyg? vrf;a}umrsm;udkr#a0oHk;pJGjcif;onf tvGef
ta&;}uD;ygonf? vHkjcHKr+&Sdaom,mOfarmif;ESifjcif;qdk&mwGif/ vlr+a&;ESifh yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif;
w&m;rsm;udk ,mOfarmif;oltm;vHk;usifhoHk;&efvdkygonf?
tu,fIoifhtm;&rf;um;pGmarmif;ESifolwpfOD;u &rfpvmcJhv#if/ xdkoltm;xdwfwdkufpdrfac:
jcif;rvkyfygESifh? xdkol.teD;rSa&SmifxGufoGm;yg? rsufpdv$Jvdkufyg? tajctaeydkIwif;rmrvm
apygESifh?

jrifuGif;uG,fjcif;
,mOfta&S hcef;Y c&D;onfoHk;OD;xufydkwifaqmifjcif;/ ukefypPnf;rsm;wifaqmifjcif;wdk ha}umifh
,mOfarmif;ol. ta&S hESifhab;wpfzufwpfcsufjrifuGif;rsm;udk ydwfqdkhaejyD;/ armif;ESifxdrf;odrf;
r+tm;taESmifht,Sufjzpfaejcif;onf/Oya'ESifhqef husifonf?

tvsm;&SnfypPnf;rsm;wifaqmifjcif;
tvsm;&SnfypPnf;rsm;wifaqmifonfhtcg/,mOfa&S hbD;(odk h)befzg.ta&S hoHk;ayxufydkjyD;
rausmfvGef&?
tu,fI,mOftaemufzufY/wifaqmifxm;aomukefypPnf;onf av;ay(odk h) av;ayxufydk
jyD;&SdcJhv#if/ teJqHk;(16) pwk&ef;ay&Sdaom/ teDa&mif(odk h)t0ga&miftvHtm; ukefypPnf;.t

76
qHk;Y csdwfqGJxm;&rnf? ntcsdefwGifqdkygu/ teJqHk;ay(150)tuGmrSjrifawG hEkdifaomteDa&mif
rD;tdrfudk/ ukefypPnf;tqHk;YcsdwfqGJxm;&rnf?
c&D;onfwif,mOfrsm;taejzifh/ b,fzuf(vuf0J)odk htpGef;xGufaomukefwifaqmifr+r&Sdap
&bJ/ nmzuf(vuf,m)odk htpGef;xGufukefwifaqmifrnfqdkygu/ ,mOf.ab;rS(6)vufr/
xufrausmfvGefaeap&?

aemufwGJrsm;ESifh wJtdrf,mOfrsm;
tu,fIoifonfaemufwGJ(odk h)wJtdrf,mOfcsdwfqGJxm;v#if/ oifhta&S hrS,mOfESifhteJqHk;ay 500
tuGmrSae&rnf? ukefwifonfhtcgaemufwGJ,mOftav;csdef. 10 rS 15 &mcdkifE+H;rSm/ ,mOfESifh
aemufwGJt}um;tqufwHYnDr#ae&rnf? rSefuefpGmukefwifxm;v#if/ aemufwGJ}urf;jyifonf
a&jyifnDjzpfae&rnf? yxrc&D;rdkifteJi,farmif;jyD;cJhv#if &yfem;jyD; tqufwH/ bD;rsm;/ rD;rsm;ESifh
ukefrsm;;udkppfaq;yg? xdkokd hppfaq;jcif;udk &yfem;&mae&mwdkif;wGifjyKvkyfay;yg?
t&SdefEH+;aES;aES;omarmif;yg? aemufwGJtrsm;pk.bD;rsm;onf oifh,mOf.bD;rsm;xufao;i,f
aoma}umifh ydkjyD;vsifjrefpGmvnfygwfaeonf? tusdK;quftaejzifh tyl&Sdefjrifhwufr+a}umifh
aemufwGJ,mOfbD; b,f,m&ifrsm;ysufpD;oGm;Edkifonf?
oif.,mOf&Sdb&dwfrsm;onf ukefrsm;pGmwifaqmifxm;aom aemufwGJ,mOfqGJ&ef xJhoGif;yHkpHjyK
wnfaqmufxm;jcif;r&Sdonf udkowd&yg? t&Sdefjrefjrefarmif;ESifaepOf &kwfw&uf&yfvdkufjcif;
a}umifh oif.,mOfESifh aemufwGJ,mOfyg vnfxGufwdrf;arSmufoGm;Edkifonfudk odxm;yg?
owdjzifht&Sdefjr‡ifhyg? vdktyfv#if *D,medrfhrsm;udkomoHk;yg? &kwfw&uf&yfvdkuf&jcif;rsdK;r&Sd
atmif/ ta&S hrS,mOfESifhvHkavmufaomtuGmta0;rSomvdkufyg? ausmfwufvdkonhftcg/ aemufwGJ
,mOfqGJvma}umif;owd&jyD; oift&Sdefjr‡‡ifhEdkiftm;/ avsmheJaeonfudkvnf;pOf;pm;yg?
rdk;&GmaepOfESifhavwdkufaepOftcsdefrsm;wGif/ aemufwGJ,mOfqGJxm;aom ,mOftm;armif;ESifxdrf;
odrf;Edkifr+udkxda&mufr+&Sdaponf? pdkpGwfaepOf(odk h) avwdkufaepOf aemufwGJ,mOfqGJxm;aom
,mOftm;armif;ESifygu/ omrmeftcsdefrsm;xufydkjyD; t&SdefavsmheJpGmarmif;ESifyg?
auG h&efae&mus,fus,foHk;&ayrnf? &Snfvsm;aomaemufwGJ,mOfonfoif.,mOfxufydkI
vrf;rab;ESifheD;uyfoGm;rnf?
aemufwGJ,mOfqGJxm;onfhtcsdefrsm;wGif/ oif.,mOftat;ay;pHepftm;ydkrdk*&kpdkuf}unfhyg?
awmifukef;a'orsm;/ t&Sdefjrefarmif;onfhtcsdefrsm;ESifhylaEG;aom&moDcsdefrsm;wGif/ ,mOftif*sif
tyl&SdefvG,fvG,fjrifhwufvmEdkifayonf? y&kdydef;"gwfaiG hAl;rsm;wifaqmifjyD; Orifvdkifacgif;rsm;
twGif;oGm;vmr+tcsdK htm;uef howfxm;onf? oifonfOya'vdkufemolwpfOD;omjzpfapyg?

aemufwGJ,mOfvdktyfcsufrsm;
twdkif;txGmrsm;
t&SnfqHk;tvsm;/ / 45 ay
tus,fqHk;teH/ / 8 ay 6 vufr
trsm;qHk;tjrifh/ / 13 ay 6 vufr
rD;rsm;?
aemufrDS;rD;tdrf/ / teDESpfvHk;
a&mifjyef/ / / teDESpfvHk;
taemufvdkifpifeHygwfjym;/ / tjzLa&mifwpfvHk;

77
aemufwGJ,mOfqGJxm;aom,mOf&Sd tauG htcsufjyrD;rsm;tm;tjcm;,mOfarmif;olrsm;rjrifekdifonfh
tcgESifhntcsdefcgrsm;wGif/ aemufwGJ,mOfoHk; auG h/&yf tcsufjyrD;rsm;udk wwfqifxm;&rnf?
tu,fIukd,fydkifpuf&Sdaomtyef;ajzoHk;,mOfrsm;( RV )jzpfygu/ pkpkaygif;teH(102)vufr/
(8ay/6vufr) uef howfcsufwGif/ ,mOftjyifzuf&Sdaemuf}unfhrSefxufausmfvGefjyD;tpGef;r
xGufaomt&mrsm;ryg0ifay? aemufwGJ,mOf.teHonf qGJ,mOf.tjyifzuf&Sd aemuf}unfhrSef
teHxuf ydkIausmfvGefraeap&yg?
A, B, C trsdK;tpm;tdrfum;rsm;.tvsm;onf (45)ayxufydkjyD;r&Snfap&? a,bl,tm;jzifh
wpf pD;xnf;,mOf. tvsm;onfay(40) [k owfrSwfxm;onf?
pkpkaygif;av;csdefaygif(3000)ESifh txuf&Sdaom aemufwGJ,mOfrsm;tm;vHk;wGif b&dwfwwf
qifxm;&rnf?
tyef;ajzoHk;aemufwGJ,mOfrsm;tm;vHk; vuf&SdrSwfyHkwifxm;aomeHygwfjym;tm;/ xifomjrif
om&Sdatmif wwfqifxm;&rnf?
vHkjcHKr+&Sdaomcsdef;}udK;jzifh aemufwGJ,mOfESifhqGJ,mOftm;cdkifrmpGJjrJpGmcsnfaESmifxm;&rnf?

tyef;ajzoHk;,mOfrsm;yl;wGJcsdwfqGJjcif;
yl;wGJtyef;ajzoHk;,mOfqdkonfrSm/ ypfuyfum;eSifh ‚if;aemufrS yOPrajrmuf bD;aeeSifh aemufwGJ t
csdwfudk tvwfpm;tyef;ajzoHk;,mOftaeeSifh oHk;jcif; jzpfonf? xdkaemufwGJwGif/ a&v$mtaysmf pD;
,mOfrsm;/ armfawmfqdkifu,f/ ESif;awmpD;,mOf ( ATV )/ a*gufum;/ ig;r#m;ypPnf;u&d,mrsm; wif
aqmifavh&dSonf?
Ttyef;ajzoHk;yl;wGJ,mOfrsm;udkarmif;ESifEdkif&ef oifonfteJqHk;touf (18) ESpfjynfhjyD;ol
jzpf & rnf? ypfuyfqGJ,mOf.tav;csdefonf/ aemufwGJ,mOftm;vHk;.tav;csdefxufydkrsm;/
(odk h)nDwljzpf&rnf?
tyef;ajzoHk;yl;wGJ,mOfrsm;tm;vHk;.pkpkaygif;tvsm;rSm ay(70)xufrausmfvGefap&? T
,mOfwGJ. tvnf&Sd,mOf.tvsm;rSm (28)ayxufrausmfvGefap&?
wevFmae hrSaom}umae htwGif;/eHeuf 6 em&DrS 9 em&D twGif;ESifh/ nae 4 em&DrS & em&D
twGif;/wkdufe,f(7) {&d,mtwGif; tyef;ajzoHk;yGJwGJ,mOfrsm;tm; armif;ESifjcif;rjyK&?

aqmif;&moD,mOfarmif;ESifjcif;
,mOfvHkjcHKa&;
oifh,mOf.rSefrsm;/ tumrsm;ESifh rD;vHk;rsm;&SdESif;rsm;udk z,f&Sm;jyD;rS armif;ESif&rnf?
• avumrSefokwfaq;&nfonfa&rcJEdkifaom(antifreeze)trsdK;tpm;jzpfap&rnf?
• vrf;tajctaeod&Sd&efusdK;pm;}unfhyg? t&SdefaES;aES;armif;ESifjyD;b&dwftm;prf;}unfh
jcif;jzifh vrf;jrufESmjyif tajctaeudkod&SdEdkifygonf?
• vrf;tajctaetvdkuft&Sdefudkxdrf;nd‡armif;ESifyg?
• vrf;acsmaepOftvdktavsmufarmif;ESifpHepf(cruise control)roHk;&?
tu,fIoif.,mOfonf a&cJ(odk h)ESif;twGif; &yfoGm;cJhv#if/ ,mOftm; ta&S hESifhtaemuf v+yf
&rf;ay;yg? a&S hbD;rsm;udkajzmifhwef;pGmxm;jyD; ta&S hokd hajz;ajz;armif;yg? jyD;v#if taemufqkwf
yg? bD;rsm;vnfygwfjcif;r&SdbJ a0;Edkifor#a0;a0;oGm;yg? bD;wm,mrsm;ukwfrdoGm;v#if ajz;

78
ajz;t&SdefjrifhoGm;yg? tu,fIoifh,mOfpwifav#mus(okd h)wm,mrsm;pwifvnfygwfvm ygu/
b&dwfudkoHk;yg? txufygtwdkif;ajymif;jyefwpfacgufxyfvkyfyg?

ESif;uscsdefta&;ay:rsm;,mOf&yfem;pnf;urf;rsm;
ESif;tvGeftrif;usvmcJhv#if/jrdK hwm0efcHt&m&SdrS ESif;ta&;ay:tcsdeftjzpfa}ujimvdrfhrnf? ESif;
rsm;tm;vrf;ay:rSz,f&Sm;aepOfwGif oD;jcm;owfrSwfxm;aom,mOf&yfem;pnf;urf;rsm; tusHL;
0ifvdrfhrnf?
ESif;ta&;ay:tcsdef,mOf&yfem;pnf;urf;rsm;twkdif;av;pm;vdkufemjyD;/ oifh,mOftm;qGJxkwf
,loGm;jcif;ESifh'g%fwwfcH&jcif;rsm;udka&SmifusOfEdkifayonf?

ESif;&Sif;,mOfrsm;ESifhvrf;r#a0oHk;pGJjcif;
vrf;ray:wGifESif;ESifha&cJrsm;wif&Sdaeaomtcsdefrsm;wGif/ rD;tjzL/ t0g ESifhtjymrdSwfwkwfrD;&Sd
aom ESif;&Sif;,mOfrsm;udkowdxm;}unfhyg?
ESif;&Sif;,mOfudk rnfonfhtcgrSydwfaejcif;rjyKvkyf&? ESif;&Sif;,mOfwpfpD;vHk;tm; aumif;rGefpGm
jrifawG h&jyD;rS ausmfwufyg?
ESif;&Sif;,mOftaemufa0;a0;rSaejcif;jzifh/ vGef hxGufvmaom zHk oJ/ ESif;ESifh a&cJrsm;oifh,mOf
tm; xdcdkufrdjcif;rS umuG,fEdkifonf?
tEN&,frsm;vGef;aomESif;wdrfxkESifh/ jzL}uoGm;aomtajctaersdK;rsm;udktjrJowd&Sdaeyg?
ESif;&Sif;,mOfrsm;onf/ ESif;rsm;udkr+wfxkwfaepOfY/ ESif;wdrfxkrsm;/ vrf;ESifh vrf;ay:&Sd tEN&,f
&dSypPnf;rsm;udkzHk;uG,fouJhodk hjzpfoGm;Ekdifonf?
ESif;&Sif;,mOfrsm;ESifh tjcm;z,f&Sm;a&;ud&d,mrsm;onf t&SdefaES;aES;oma&G hv#m;}uonf?
vlae&yfuGyfrsm;wGif/ aemufjyefvSnfh&eftwGufxdk,mOfrsm;aemufqkwfedkifonf? xdk,mOftm;
udkifwG,farmif;ESifolrsm;tm;/ 4if;wdk h.wm0eftm;tEN&,fuif;pGmvkyfaqmifEdkif&efvHkavmuf
aomae&mrsm;udkay;xm;yg?

aqmif;&moD toufqufa&;
u,fq,fa&;yHk;wpfckoifh,mOftwGif;aqmifxm;yg
vHkjcHKr+twGuf/ oifarmif;ESifaom,mOftm;vHk;wGif u,fq,fa&;yHk;wpfck aqmifxm;&ef txl;
ta&;}uD;ayonf? yg&SdoifhaomypPnf;tcsdK hrSm/=
• a*:jym;
• oJ(odk h)qm;yHk;
• taEG;xnfESifhzdeyf
• ,mOf.tifwifemwdkifwGifcsdwfqGJ&efteDa&miftvH
• apmif(odk h)tdwf&m
• aomufa&/tm;jznfhtpm;tpmESifhtrd+ufyHk;tvGwfwpfyHk;
• wm,mcsdef;}udK;ESifh,mOfqGJcsdef;}udK;
• vrf;ay:oHk;rD;ckd;acsmif;(odk h)a&mifjyef
• um;puffed+;0g,m}udK;
79
 • za,mif;wdkifESifhrD;jcpf
• a&S;OD;olemjyKowWm

ydwfrdaecJhvsifaqmif&Guf&efrsm;
at;vGef;aom&moDtwGif;c&D;oGm;pOf ydwfrdaecJhv#if/ oifh,mOftwGif;Yomaeyg? Ttajct
aersdK;wGifao;qHk;onftxdjzpf&aom ta}umif;trsm;pkrSm/ ,mOftjyifzufxGufvdkufrdjyD;/vrf;
ajymufoGm;jcif;/ tat;'g%fvGefuJpGmcHpm;&jcif;wdk ha}umifhjzpfonf?
pdwfwnfjidrfpGmxm;jyD;u,fq,frnfholrsm;a&mufvmonfudkapmifhyg? atmufygtcsufrsm;
udkoifvkyfEdkifor# usdK;pm;vkyfaqmifyg?
• tEN&,ftcsufay;rD;zGifhxm;yg/
• a&'D,dktifwifemwdkifwGifteDa&miftvHcsdwfqGJxm;yg/
• jzpfEdkifv#if/ rD;cdk;ESifhtvHrsm;v$ifhwifyg
• t0wftpm;/apmifESifhtjcm;u,fq,fa&;ypPnf;rsm;,mOftaemufcef;Yxm;&Sdv#if/ ,mOf
ta&S hcef;odk hajymif;a&$ hvdkufyg/
• ,mOf&SdrD;cdk;xGufaomydkuftm;/ ESif;/ trd+ufrsm; uif;pifae&efxm;yg?
• pufEd+;jyD;,mOftwGif;tylay;pufzGifhjyD;/ vHkavmufaomaEG;axG;r+&jyD;rS/ pufydwfvdkuf
yg? oifh,mOf"gwfqD&Sdao;oI (okd h) oifhtm;u,fq,fjyD;onftxd TtpOftpDt
wkdif;vkyfaqmifay;yg? ysrf;r#wpfem&DwGif (10) rdepfpufEd+;ay;jcif;jzifhbufx&Dtm;/
tm;oGif;ay;ouJhodk h/,mOftwGif;taEG;"gwf&&Sdapedkifonf?
• tvGeftrif;at;pufaeaomtcsdefrsdK;wGifyif/ jyLwif;aygufwck. rSeftm;teJi,fzGifhxm;
ay;jcif;jzifh avaumif;avoef hrsm;,mOftwGif;0ifa&mufvm&efjyKvkyfay;yg? av0if
avxGufr&Sdaom &yfem;xm;&onfh ,mOftwGif;&Sdvlrsm;taejzifh/ umbGefrdkaemufqdkuf
tqdyfoifhr+rsdK;cHpm;&Edkifonf?
• ,mOftwGif;&Sd teJqHk;vlwpfOD;onf tjrJwrf;Edk;}um;owd&Sdae&rnf?

tjrJwrf;Edk;}um;jyD; tm&Hkpl;pdkufaeyg
yifyef;ItdyfidkufvmwwfonfrSm,mOfarmif;olrsm;jzpfavhjzpfx&SdonfrSefaomfvnf;/ tvGefyif
tEN&,frsm;vGef;aomtajctaeodk hwGef;ydk hay;onf? Todk hrjzpfap&ef/ c&D;a0;roGm;rD/vHkavmuf
pGmtem;,lxm;yg?
atmufygt}uHjyKcsufrsm;u tultnDjzpfapEkdifaomfvnf; a&&SnftusdK;oufa&mufjcif;r&dSyg?
• vdktyfovdkr}umc%&yfem;yg? teJqHk;c&D;rdkif(100) (odk h) ESpfem&Darmif;ESifjyD;wkdif;/ wpf
}udrfem;yg? um;atmufqif;vrf;av#mufyg? ta}umajzav#mhyg? tem;,lyg?
tpm;taomufoHk;aqmifyg?
• oifESifhtwlc&D;onfyg&Sdv#if/ Edk;}um;aeap&efpum;pjrnfajymqdkyg? oiftvGefyifyef;
vmonfhtcg tjcm;olwpfOD;OD;tm;qufarmif;ESifckdif;yg?
• oifwpfOD;wnf;qkdygu/ a&'D,dkem;qifyg? /oDcsif; us,favmifpGm[pfqdkyg?

80
 • &moDOwktajctaeay;cJhv#if/ jyLwif;aygufteJi,fzGifhxm;jyD; avaumif;avoef h
0ifxGufygap? vludkEdk;}um;apaomaq;0g;rsm;tay:rDSckdtm;xm;aejcif;rjyKygESifh?
• txufaz:jytwdkif;vkyfaqmifItqifrajycJhv#if/ c&D;qufroGm;ygESifh(odk h)vrf;ESifha0;
&mwGif&yfem;jyD;tem;,lyg? um;twGif;Yomaernfqdkygu/ jyLwif;aygufrsm;zGifhxm;jyD;
avaumif;avoef h0ifaeygap?

vrf;acsmfjcif;
vrf;acsmaepOft&Sdefav#mhjyD;/ ta&S hrS,mOfESifhvHkjcHKr+&SdaomtuGmta0;rSomaeyg? vrf;acsmaepOf
tvdktavsmufxdrf;armif;ud&d,mtoHk;rjyK&?
vrf;rsufESmjyifay:rSwm,mukwftm;vGwfoGm;onfhtcgrsdK;wGif/ ,mOfvrf;acsmfoGm;wwfay
onf? tu,fIxkdodk hjzpfay:vmcJhv#if/ pdwfwnfjidrfpGmxm;yg? tvGeftuGsHwHk hjyefjcif;/b&dwf
aqmifheif;vkdufjcif;rsdK;rvkyfygESifh/? oifvkyfaqmif&rnfrSm/ oifvdkjcifonfhOD;wnf&yfokd h,mOftm;
xdrf;xm;Edkifaomtcsdefodk ha&mufonftxd/ b&dwfESifht&Sdefjr‡ifhvDAgajceif;jym;ay:rS oifhajc
axmuftm; z,fxm;&rnf?
tcsdK haom,mOfrsm;wGif/ b&dwfeif;vdkufcsdef xdrf;r&jzpfoGm;ygu/ ajz&Sif;ay;aomtDvufxa&mepf
b&dwfaomhjzKwfpHepfrsdK;yg&Sdonf? xdkpHepfrsdK;oifY&SdcJhv#if/ yHkrSefb&dwfudkeif;ouJhodk hreif;&? oif
vkyfaqmif&rnfrSm/ b&dwfeif;jym;udkeif;csxm;jyD;/ ,mOfwpfpD;vHk;udkyHkrSefxdrf;xm;Edkifonftxd
pwD&m&ifa*Gjzifhaumif;pGmxdrf;yg? oifh,mOfYb&dwfaomhjzKwfpHepfrsdK;/(anti-lock braking system)
&Sd/r&Sdodvdkv#if/,mOfydkif&SifvufpGJpmtkyfwGifzwf}unhfyg?

rdk;oJxefaepOf (odk h) jrLqdkif;aepOf ,mOfarmif;ESifjcif;

,mOfarmif;ESifpOfrdk;oJxefvmu(odk h)jrLqkdif;vmygu/ t&Sdefav#mhcsjyD; owd}uD;pGmxm;yg? &yfzdk h
jyifqifxm;yg? oifhta&S h&Sd,mOfESihfydkIa0;aomtuGmt0;rSaeyg? oifhta&S hay(500) xufydkI
rjrifEdkifonfhtcsdef/ rdk;&GmaepOf/ ESif;usaepOf/ rdk;oD;a}uGcsdef/ jrLqdkif;aepOfwdkif;wGif/ ,mOfa&S hrD;
}uD;rsm;xGef;zGifhxm;&ef Oya't&/ vdktyfonf? rD;tm;tedrfhwGifxGef;zGihfxm;jcif;jzifh/ tvif;a&mif
pl;jcif;/ tjrifr+Hjcif;rsm;udkav#mhjcedkifonf?
vHkjcHKr+&Sdaomta&S htuGmta0;odk hrjrifEdkifawmhv#if/ vrf;ab;uyf&yfxm;vdkufyg? jrifuGif;
jyefvnfaumif;rGefvmonftxdapmifh}unfhyg?

a&v$mtay:wGifarmif;ESifjcif; ( Hydroplaning )
wpfem&D (35) rdkifEH+; eSifh atmuf t&dSefeSifh armif;ESifaepOfwGif/ wm,mtrsm;pkonf/ vrf;rsufESm
jyif&Sd/ a&rsm;udkz,fxkwfEdkifjyD; wm,mESifhvrf;rsufESmjyif xdukwfxm;Edkifonf? tjrefEH+;jrifhpGm
armif;ESifaepOfwGifrl/ vrf;rsufESmjyif&Sda&rsm;onf ,mOf.wm,mrsm;udk yifhwifxm;vdkufEdkif
}uonf? Todk hjzpfjcif;udk a&v$may:armif;ESifjcif;( Hydroplaning ) [kac:onf?
oifh,mOfonf a&v$mtay:wGif armif;ESifaejyDqdkcJhv#if/vrf;rsufESmjyifESifhwm,mxdawG hae
jcif;r&Sdawmhay? xdktajctaeY oifonf/ b&dwf/ t&Sdefjr‡ifhvDAmESifhOD;wnf&majymif;jcif;wdk hudkjyK
vkyfIr&awmhay? oifh,mOf.wm,mrsm;a&v$may:a&mufaejyDqdkcJhv#if/t&Sdefay;vDAmajceif;jym;
ay:rSoifhajcaxmuftm;z,fxm;vdkuf&rnf?
omrmeftjrefvrf;ray:armif;aomt&Sdefjzifharmif;ESifaepOftcsdefwGif/ oif.wm,mrsm;onf

81
trsdK;tpm;aumif;aomeuf&d+if;onfhyef;rsm;&Sdygu/a&rsm;udkz,f&Sm;vdkufEkdifjyD;/ a&v$may:armif;
ESifaomtajctaersdK;jzpfay:EdkifajceJyg;onf? odk haomf/wm,myef;xuf/ a&teufuydkeufcJh v#if
rl/ a&v$may:armif;ESifjcif;jzpfay:Ekdifayonf? rdk;onf;xefaepOftcsdefwGif/ pHcsdefrDum;wpfpD;onf
wpfem&D(35)rdkifEH+;armif;ESifpOfY a&v$may:pwifa&muf&SdoGm;rnfjzpfonf?
a&v$may:armif;ESifr+tm; umuG,fEdkif&ef/ oifhwm,mrsm;udkaumif;rGefaomtajctaewGif&Sd
aeapjyD;/ pdkpGwfaomvrf;ay:armif;ESifpOf t&Sdefav#mharmif;&rnf?

awmifukef;vrf;ESifhvrf;usOf;rsm;wGif,mOfarmif;ESifjcif;
vrf;usOf;wGifarmif;ESifaepOf vrf;tauGhae&modk ha&muf&SdpOf(odk h)opfyif/ csHKykwfrsm;a}umifh oifh
a&S hjrifuGif;uG,faecJhv#if/ tjcm;,mOfarmif;ESifolrsm;ESifh/ vrf;av#mufolrsm;odomap&ef/ oif
vrf;ay:wGifa&muf&Sdaea}umif;udk [Gef;oHay;jyD;odapEdkifygonf?
rwfapmufaomukef;ay:rS *D,mvGwfarmif;qif;csvmjcif;onf Oya'ESihfqef husifonf? rwfapmuf
aomukef;ay:armif;ESifaepOf oif.t&SdefjyrDwmtm;r}umc%ppfaq;}unfhyg? oifhajcaxmuf
onf t&Sdefay;ajceif;jym;ay:wGif &Sdraeonfhwdkif/ ,mOf.t&Sdefwdk;jrifhvmvdrfhrnf?

bD;aygufjcif;rsm;
bD;aygufjcif;rsm;a}umifh wm,myGifhxGufjyD; oifh,mOftm;xdrf;odrf;&cufcJjcif;rsdK;jzpfekdifonf?
wm,myGifhxGufjcif;rjzpfrD/ aygufoHOD;pGm}um;&jcif; (odk h) pwD,m&ifa*Gonf b,fzuf (odk h)
nmzufodk hqGJaejcif;rsdK; owdxm;rdayvdrfhrnf?
tu,fIbD;aygufoGm;jcif;}uHKawG h&v#if/ pwD,m&ifa*Gtm;ckdifjrJatmifxdrf;xm;yg? ta&S h
wnfhwnfhodk hxdrf;xm;yg? t&SdefjrifhvDAgajceif;jym;rS oifhajcaxmuftm;ajz;ajz;av#mhvdkufyg?
,mOftm;oifaumif;pGmxdrf;xm;Edkifonfhtcsdeftxd b&dwftm;roHk;ygESifh? oifh,mOftm; vHkjcHK
onfh teD;qHk;aomvrf;ab;ae&modk ha&$ hxm;vdkufyg?

pwD,m&ifa*Gxdrf;r&awmhjcif;
pwD,m&ifa*Gtm;vSnfhaomfvnf;/ ,mOfa&S hbD;rsm;vdkufauG hjcif;r&Sdawmhv#if/ t&Sdefjr‡ifhvDAgtm;
v$wfvdkufyg? ,mOfwdkufcdkufr+jzpfEkdifajcr&SdcJhv#if b&dwftm;roHk;ygESifh? t&Sdefav#mhay;vdkufjcif;
jzifh oif.,mOfonf/ [efcsufnDpGma&S hajzmihfajzmifhodk homqufoGm;aernfjzpfonf? b&dwfoHk;&ef
vdktyfcJhygu/ jiifjiifomomeif;yg? tu,fIb&dwftm; &kwfw&ufeif;vdkufjcif; (odk h)
*D,majymif;&efusdkK;pm;jcif;wdk honf/ t&Sdeftajymif;tvnf;apjzpfjyD;/ ,mOf.[efcsufjyufum
xdrf;odrf;I&awmhrnfr[kwfyg?

b&dwfaygufjcif;
b&dwfajceif;jym;tm;eif;vdkufpOfajz;vGef;pGm}uoGm;ygu b&dwfaygufjcif;jzpfEdkifa}umif;vuQ%m
wpfckyifjzpfonf? }uD;rm;aomjy\em&Sdv#if/ owday;rD;yGifhvif;vm&rnf?
tu,fIb&dwfajceif;jym;}urf;jyiftxd&kwfw&ufqif;}uoGm;ygu/ zdtm;jyef&&eftwGufusdkK;
pm;jyD; eif;csDv$wfcsDykwfay;yg? Todk hvkyfIta}umif;rxl;cJhygu/ ta&;ay:b&dwftm;/ ajz;ajz;t
okH;jyKyg? b&dwftm;}urf;wrf;pGmtoHk;jyKvkyfjcif;jzifh oifh,mOftm;vnfxGufoGm;apEdkifygonf?
ta&;ay:b&dwfonf aemufbD;rsm;wGifom&Sdonfudkowd,yg?

82
 vrf;tajctaea}umihfoifh,mOftm;xdk;&yfcGifh&SdcJhv#if/ *D,medrfhodk hajymif;vdkufyg? *D,medrfhodk h
qufajymif;jyD;/ t&SdefaES;apjyD;vHkjcHKpGmxdk;&yfoGm;ygap?

vrf;ab;odk hxdk;usoGm;jcif;
oifh,mOf.bD;rsm;vrf;ab;odk hxdk;}uoGm;cJhv#if/ vrf;ay:jyefvSnfhwuf&efrusdK;pm;ygESifh? vrf;
ab;wGifomaejyD; t&Sdefjr‡ifhajceif;jym;udk v$wfvdkufyg? t&Sdefav#mh}ujyD;rS vrf;ray:jyefwufcJh
yg? xdk haemuft&Sdefjyefjr‡ifhwifyg?

oifh,mOfa}umtwGif;csOf;uyfvmaom,mOf
,mOfwpfpD;oifh,mOfa}umtwGif;teD;odk hcsOf;uyfvmaecJhv#if/ nmzufodk ha&$ hay;vdkufyg?
xdk,mOftm;a&Smifay;&ef b,fzuf,mOfa}umtm; toHk;rjyKygESifh? xdk,mOfarmif;ol rSefuefaom
,mOfa}umay: jyefa&mufvmrnfjzpfjyD;/ aemifwGifoifh,mOfa}umtwGif;a&muf&Sdaevdrfhrnf?
xdk,mOfonf/ oifhteD;odk hqufvufcsOf;uyfaejyD;/ ,mOfwdkufcdkufr+tm;a&Smif&Sm;&efvdktyfcJh
ygv#if/ vrf;nmzufodk huyfvdkufyg? [Gef;oHay;jcif;ESifh a&S hrD;}uD;tm;zGifhcsDydwfcsDvkyfjyjcif;jzifh/
tdyfidkufjyD;vrf;vGJvmaeaom ,mOfarmif;oltm; jyefvnfEdk;}um;vmap&efulnDay;onf?

oifhtm;ausmfwuf&efusdK;pm;aeaom,mOf
OD;wnf&yfESpfzuf&SdjyD; ,mOfa}umESpfck&dSaomvrf;Y tjcm;aom,mOfwpfpD;u oifhtm;ausmfwufvdk
onfhtcg&Sdayrnf? xkd,mOfarmif;ol.ta&S hrSvmaeaom,mOf. t&Sdeftm;rSm;,Gif;wGufcsufrd
aomtcg(odk h)tjcm;ta}umif;wpfcka}umihf ausmfwuf&efrjzpfEdkifawmhonfhtcg/ xdk,mOfarmif;ol
ESifhtwloifonfvnf;tEN&,f&SdaejyD? ,mOfwdkufcdkufr+rjzpfay:ap&ef/oifpwifvkyfaqmif&ayrnf?
xdkausmfwufvdkaom,mOfonf/ nmzuf,mOfa}umodk h/ jyef0ifvmEdkifaomtaetxm;odk ha&muf
&SdaejyDqdkygu/ xdk,mOfarmif;olrSjrefEdkifor#v#ifjrefpGm/ oifhtm;vHk;0ausmfwufjyD;oGm;ap&ef/ oif
. t&Sdeftm;av#mhay;vdkufyg? tu,fI xdk,mOfonfaemufcsefaecJh&rnfqdkcJhv#if/ oifht&Sdeftm;
jr‡ifharmif;jyD;/ oif.taemufzufwGif xdk,mOf0ifa&mufvm&eftwGuf vHkavmufaomae&m vGwf
wpfck&&Sd&ef zefwnf;ay;yg?
tu,fI,mOfwkdufcdkufr+jzpfay:Edkifajc&SdcJhjyD;/ oif.nmzufvrf;ab;wGif oifhtwGufvHk
avmufaomae&mvGwf&SdcJhv#if/v#ifjrefpGma&G hay;vdkufjyD; xdk,mOfarmif;oltm;/ oif.,mOfa}um
twGif;0ifa&mufvmcGifhjyKvdkufyg?

&xm;vrf;ay:,mOf&yfoGm;jcif;
tu,fI&xm;vrf;ay:wGi foifh,mOf&yfoGm;cJhjyD; &xm;vnf; oifhxHodk hcsOf;uyfvmaejyDqdkv#if/
oifh,mOftm;pGef hcGgxGufoGm;yg? &xm;vrf;rSa0;&m/ tEN&,fuif;avmufonfhae&mwGifaeyg?
&xm;vmaeonfht&yfrSa0;&modk h jrefEdkifor#jrefjrefa&Smifajy;jcif;jzifh/ wkdufcdkufr+rS vGifhpifvmrnfh
tptersm; oifhtm;xdcdkufr+udka&Smif&Sm;Ekdifvdrfhrnf?

a&epfjrKyfjcif;
,mOftrsm;pkonfa&rsufESmjyiftay:wGifpuUef h 30 rS 60 twGif;omay:aeEkdifonf? tu,fI
oif.,mOf a&euf&mwGifepfjrKyfcJhygu/ oifh,mOftjyifodk hxGufEkdif&ef enf;vrf;&Sdor# csufjcif;

83
}udK;pm;yg? jzpfEkdifv#if/ ,mOftwGif;a&rsm;0ifa&mufrvmrD/ jyLwif;aygufrsm;rS xGufEkdif
atmif}udK;pm;yg?
tu,fIoifh,mOfa&atmufodk ha&muf&SdoGm;cJhygv#if/ tvGeftrif;wkefv+yfajcmufjcm;r+r&dS
rdap&ef}udK;pm;yg? ,mOftwGif;&Sda&xkzdtm;ESifh ,mOftjyif&Sda&xkzdtm;wlnDaom tcsdefodk h r
a&mufrjcif;/ oifh,mOf.wHcg;aygufrsm;udkzGifhIr&Ekdifyg? ,mOftwGif;odk h a&rsm;tjynfh0ifoGm;jyD;
,mOftysuftpD;r&SdcJhygrS/ wHcg;aygufrsm;udkzGifhEkdifayvdrfhrnf?
tif*sif.tav;csdefa}umifh,mOfOD;ydkif;rS pwifepfjrKyfrnf? oifvGwfajrmufEkdif&ef enf;AsL[m
csonfhtcg/ ,mOfaemufcef;wGif avckdtdwfae&mrsm;&SdEkdifonf? ,mOftwGif;tjcm;c&D;onfrsm;yg
&SdcJhygv#if/ xdkc&D;onfrsm;.tajctaeudkoHk;owfjyD; twlwuG vGwfajrmuf&ef }udK; pm;yg?

rD;avmifjcif;
,mOfpufzHk;atmufrS rD;cdk;aiG h xGufvmonfudk awG h onfhtcg/ vrf;ab;uyfjyD; pufowfvdkufyg?
jyD;v#if ,mOftwGif;rScsufjcif;xGufyg? rD;jidrf;owf&efa&roHk;ygESifh? a&oHk;jcif;jzifh/rD;awmufydkI
}uD;vmapEkdifygonf?

tyl&SdefvGefuJjcif;
,mOftrsm;pkwGif/tif*siftyl&SdefjyaomrD;(odk h)*dwfrsm;yg&Sdygonf? aeylaomae hwGif/ &yfvdkuf
armif; vdkufvkyfae&jcif;/ rwfapmufaomukef;wufvrf;wGifarmif;ESif&jcif;ESifh/ aemufwGJqGJxm;
jcif;wdk ha}umihf omrmeftcsdefrsm;xuf,mOf.tif*siftm;ydkIylvmapygonf?
tif*sifylvmaomtcsdefwGif/ avat;ay;pufuJhodk hrvdktyfaomud&d,mrsm;tm; ydwfvdkufyg?
tylcsdefjrifhwufjrJjrifhaecJhygv#if/ avylay;puftm;zGifhvdkufjcif;jzifh/ avylrsm;tm;tif*sifrSa0;&m
odk hpD;qif;oGm;ap&efulnDEdkifygonf? Todk hjyKvkyfonfhwkdifta}umif;rxl;bJ/ tif*siftylcsdef &kwf
w&ufjrifhvmjyD;/ a&aEG;aiG hrsm;xGufvmcJhv#if/ vrf;ab;odk hxdk;&yfjyD;/ csufjcif;puf&yf vdkufyg?

a&S hrD;}uD;}uGrf;jcif;
a&S hrD;}uD;&kwfw&uf}uGrf;oGm;cJhygv#if/ &yfem;rD;rsm;/ tEN&,ftcsufay;rD;rsm;(okd h)tauG htcsuf
jyrD;rsm; xGef;zGifhyg? vrf;wpfav#mufvHkavmufaomrD;a&mif&ap&ef oifhtm;tultnDjzpfapEkdifyg
onf? vrf;rD;&Sdaomae&m(odk h) vltoHk;rsm;aom vrf;ae&mwGif/ oifh,mOfa&S hrD;}uD;}uGrf;oGm;cJh yg
v#ifrl/ oifhtwGufvHkavmufaom rD;a&mif&Sdaeavmufayonf? tarSmiftwGif;/ vljywfaomvrf;
twGif;/ ,mOf&SdrD;rsm;tm;vHk;}uGrf;oGm;cJhonfqdkygu/t&Sdefav#mhcsyg? vrf;ray:YqufaejyD;/
vHkjcHKr+&SdonfhtcsdefrSvrf;ab;odk ha&$ hoGm;yg?

avumrSefokwfwH ysufpD;jcif;ESifh puftzHk;yGifhxGufjcif;

rdk;&GmaepOf(odk h)ESif;usaepOf/avumrSefokwfwH&kwfw&ufysufoGm;cJhygu/ t&Sdefav#mhjyD;/tEN&,f
tcsufay;rD;tm;xGef;zGifhvdkufyg? tjcm;,mOfrsm;oif.taemufwGif&SdaecJhv#if/ oifht&Sdeftm;
&kwfw&ufav#mhcsjcif;rjyK&ay? vrf;ab;odk huyfjyD;vHkjcHKr+&Sdaomae&modk h/jrefEkdifor# v#ifjrefpGm
a&G hxm;vdkufyg?
oifh,mOf.pufzHk;&kwfw&ufyGifhxGufjyD;/ jrifuGif;tm;tumtuG,fjzpfoGm;cJhaomf/ pufzHk;ESihf
,mOfarmif;a&S habmift}um;rS}unfhIjrifEkdifavmufaomuGufvyf&Sdygvdrfhrnf? Tokd hrSrjrifawG h

84
EkdifcJhv#if/ jyLwif;aygufrSefudkcsjyD;ta&S hodk hjrifEkdif&efOD;acgif;jyLjyD;}unfhyg? tEN&,ftcsufay;
rD;zGifhyg? t&Sdefav#mhyg? vHkjcHKaomae&modk ha&G;cs,fjyD;vrf;ab;Y&yfyg?

t&Sdefjr‡ifh ajceif;jym; uyfaejcif;

t&Sdefjr‡ifhajceif;jym;uyfaecJhygu/ oifhajcacsmif;jzifhuavmfwifyg? xdkodk hvkyfIr&cJhv#if/b&dwf
eif;yg? *D,mtm;tvGwfodk hajymif;yg? xdkodk hjyKjyD;v#if/ tif*sifESifhuif;vGwfoGm;rnfjzpfonf?
xdk haemuf vHkjcHKaomae&m&SmjyD; vrf;ab;xdk;&yfyg? vrf;ab;ae&mwGif &yf&efae&mr&Sdygu/
tEN&,ftcsufay;rD;zGifhyg? ta&S hodk hqufxdrf;oGm;jyD;/ vHkjcHKr+&Sdaomvrf;ab;ae&mwpfae&m
wGif&yfvdkufyg?

umbGefrdkaemufqdkuftqdyfoifhjcif;
umbGefrdkaemufqdkufonfvludkaoapEkdifonfh teH huif;aom"gwfaiG hjzpfonf? oif.,mOfjyL
wif;rsm;tm;vHk;ydwfxm;jyD;/ tif*sifpufEd+;xm;onfhtcg/ umbGefrdkaemufqdkuf"gwfaiG hrsm;,mOf
twGif;pkrdoGm;Ekdifonf? umbGefrdkaemufqdkuf"gwfaiG htqdyfoifhjcif;rS ukpm;edkifaom wpfckwnf;
aomenf;rSm /avaumif;avoef hpD;0ifapjcif;yifjzpfonf?
umbGefrdkaemufqdkuftqdyfoifhjcif;. vuQ%mrsm;rSm/ &kwfw&ufarmyef;vmjcif;/ em;tlvm
wwfjcif;/ tdyfidkufvmjcif;/ acgif;udkufjcif;ESifhzsm;emvmjcif;wdk hjzpfonf? az:jyygvuQ%mwpfckck
udkoif}uHKawG hvmcJhv#if/ pufydwfvdkufyg? jyLwif;aygufrsm;zGifhyg? ,mOftwGif;rS cyfjrefjrefxGuf
vdkufyg? aqmif;&moD,mOfarmif;ESifpOfjyLwif;aygufrsm;tvHkydwfarmif;ESif&onfhtwGuf/ umbGef
rdk aemufqdkuf tqdyfoifhjcif;r}umc%jzpfay:wwfygonf?
umbGefrdkaemufqdkuftqdyfoifhjcif;tm; a&Smif&Sm;Ekdif&eftwGuf/
• oifh,mOf.rD;ckd;xGufydkufpHepfrsm;,dkpdrfhaer+r&Sdatmifaojcmapyg?
• vlr&SdbJpufzGifhrxm;cJhygESifh?
• jyLwif;ayguftm;vHk;tvHkydwfjyD;rarmif;EsifygESifh?
• um;*dka'giftwGif;Y,mOftm;puftaES;Ed+;jcif;rsdK;rjyKvkyf&?

85
 tcef;( 7 )
,mOfarmif;ESifr+tcGifhta&;rsm;
rDeDpdk;xmjynfe,fwGif ,mOfarmif;ESifEdkifaom tcGifhta&;wpf&yf&Sdygonf? oifonf Oya'csdK;
azmufcJhonfhtcg (odk h) vdktyfcsufrsm;jznfhqnf;&ef jyufuGufcJhonfh tcgrsdK;wGifrl/ oif.
,mOfarmif;ESifEdkifcGifhtm;/ qHk;&H+;&rnfjzpfonf?
rDeDpdk;xmjynfe,f. trsm;jynfolvHkjcHKa&;XgewGif/ oif. ,mOfarmif;rSwfwrf;rsm;udk
odrf;qnf;xm;onf? rDeDpdk;xm;jynfe,fESifh tjcm;jynfe,frsm;twGif;/ ,mOfarmif;ESifr+ESifh
vkdifpifqkdif&m csdK;azmufusL;vGefxm;r+ta}umif;tcsufrsm;/ xdkrSwfwrf;rsm;wGifyg&Sdonf?
qdk;&Gm;aom (odk h) t}udrf}udrfusL;vGefxm;a}umif; awG h&SdcJhygu/ oif. ,mOfarmif;ESifcGifh
,kwfodrf;jcif; (odk h) tcsdef/ae&mESifh,mOftrsdK;tpm; uef howfjcif; tp&SdaomtusdK;ouf
a&mufr+rsm; &Sdrnf?

vdkifpif,kwfodrf;jcif;
oifhvdkifpiftm; &yfqdkif;jcif;/qdkif;iHhxm;jcif;/y,fjzufjcif; tp&Sdonfjzifh&kwfodrf;jcif; cH&Edkifonf?
Oya'csdK;azmufr+a}umifh oifhvdkifpiftm; ,kwfodrf;cJhv#if/ trsm;jynfolvHkjcHKa&;XgerS oifhxHodk h
pmjzifh ta}umif;}um;rnfjzpfjyD;/ vdkifpifjyefvnfxkwfay;&ef/ vdktyfcsufpm&if;udk az:jyxm;rnf?
oif. ,mOfarmif;ESifcGifhtm; ,kwfodrf;Ekdifaom ta}umif;tcsuftcsdK htm; atmufwGifaz:
jyxm;onf?

,m,D&yfqdkif;jcif;
atmufaz:jy ta}umif;rsm;a}umifh/ oifhvdkifpiftm; ,m,D&yfqdkif;Edkifonf?
• vr;fpnf;urf;Oya'rsm;udk t}udrf}udrfcsdK;azmufjcif;/
• ,mOfwdkufcdkufr+a}umifh/ vlaoqHk;jcif;/ xdcdkuf'g%f&m&jcif; (odk h) OpPmypPnf;tajrmuf
trsm; ysufpD;a}umif; w&m;&Hk;awmfrS qHk;jzwfcsuf/
• Oya'ESifhqef husifaom udpP&yftwGuf/ oif.vdkifpif (okd h) ygrpftm;/ tjcm;olwpfOD;
wpfa,muftm;/ toHk;jyKapjcif;/ tcGifhay;jcif;? oifhvdkifpif (odk h) ygrpftm; tjcm;ol
wpfOD;wpfa,muftm; toHk;jyKcGifhay;jcif;onf Oya'ESifqefhusifonf?
• tjcm;jynfe,fwpfckY usL;vGefcJhaom vrf;pnf;urf;Oya' csdK;azgufr+onfvnf;/
rDeDpdk;xmjynfe,fwGif ,m,D&yfqdkif;&ef vHkavmufaom tajccHtcsufjzpf.?
• ,mOfarmif;ESif&ef roifhawmfaomoltjzpf w&m;&Hk;awmfrS qHk;jzwfcsuf/
• usef;rma&;tajctaetm; tpD&ifcH&efysufuGufjcif;a}umihf ,mOfarmif;ESifcGifhzsufodrf;
cH&jcif;
• ausmif;um;. &yfvufwHESihf teDa&mifrdSwfwkwfrD;jyxm;csdefY &yfay;&efysufuGuf
jcif;ESifh tvm;wljypfr+tm; (5) ESpftwGif; usL;vGefxm;cJhzl;oljzpfjcif;/
• vdkifpiftwk (odk h) jyKjyifxm;aomvdkifpif udkifaqmifxm;a}umif; awG h&Sd&jcif;/
• vdkifpif (odk h) rSwfyHkwifu'fjym;tm; vdrfvnfav#mufxm;jcif;/
86
 • tjcm;olwpfOD;wpfa,muftwGuf (odk h)tjcm;olwpfOD;wpfa,mufrS oifhtwGuf/
vdkifpifpmar;yGJ. rnfonfhtydkif;udkrqkd/ 0ifa&mufajzqdkay;jcif;/
• ykvdyft&m&Sdtm; oifESifhoufqdkifaomtcsuftvufrsm;tm; vGJrSm;pGmyHkaz:jyjcif;/
• vrf;pnf;urf;usL;vGefxm;r+a}umifh vdkufemvkyfaqmif&rnfh/ w&m;&kH;awmfodk hvm
a&muf&ef ysufuGufjcif;/ 'g%faiGay;aqmif&efysufuGufjcif;/
• rDeDpdk;xmjynfe,f vrf;pnf;urf;Oya'wpf&yf&yftm; azmufzsufusL;vGefjyD; jypfr+
xif&Sm;jcif;/
• w&m;&kH;awmftrdef htwdkif;/ cav;p&dwfaxmufyHh&ef jyufuGufjcif;/
• touf(18)ESpfatmuf wpfOD;OD;tm;/ aq;vdyf0,f&eftwGuf (odk h) touf(21)ESpfatmuf
wpfOD;OD;tm;/ t&ufaopm0,f&eftwGuf/ oifhvdkifpif (odk h) ,mOfarmif;cGifhygrpf (okd h)
rSwfyHkwifu'ftm;/toHk;jyKcGifhay;jcif;/toHk;csjcif;/
• touf(21)ESpfatmufomjzpfjyD;/ pufwwf,mOfarmif;ESifaepOf/t&ufaopmokH;pJGaeonf
(odk h) oHk;pJGxm;jyD;jzpfonf[lI w&m;&kH;awmfrS qHk;jzwfcsufcsjcif;/
• oHk;r&aom csufvufrSwfjzifh/ tca}u;aiGrsm;udk/ jynfe,f (odk h) ,mOfarmif;vdkifpifudk,f
pm;vS,ftm;ay;jcif;/ (usoifhaomtca}u;aiGrsm;tm;vHk;ay;acsjyD;v#if/ ,m,D&yfqdkif;
xm;r+tm; &kyfodrf;ay;rnf?)
• "gwfqDcdk;r+ usL;vGefjcif;/
,m,D&yfqdkif;xm;r+ jyD;qHk;jyD;/ vdktyfcsufrsm;jynfhrDcJhv#if/ oif.vkdifpiftm; jyefvnfcGifhjyKrnf?
jyefvnfxkwfay;ca}u; ay;aqmif&efvdktyfygonf? ,m,D&yfqdkif;xm;pOfumvtwGif; oifhvdkif
pif oufwrf; ukefqHk;oGm;jcif; (odk h) oifhtrnf (odk h) vdyfpmajymif;vnf;jcif;rsm; &SdcJhv#if/ vdkifpif
topf av#mufxm;&efvdktyfjyD;/ vdktyfaom usoifhaiGrsm;tm; ay;aqmif&rnf?

zsufodrf;jcif;
atmufaz:jyygta}umif;rsm;jzifh oihfvdkifpifzsufodrf;cH&rnf?
• ,mOfarmif;pOf t&ufaomufxm;jcif;&Sd/r&Sd (okd h) rl;&pfaq;0g;okH;pJGxm;jcif;&Sd/ r&Sd/
ppfaq;cH&ef jiif;qdkjcif;/ (okd h) ppfaq;r+us&H+;jcif;/
• ,mOfarmif;ESifaepOf vlowfr+usL;vGefjcif;(odk h)tjcm;&mZ0wfr+wpfckckusL;vGefjcif;/
• rl;,pfaq;0g; (odk h) t&ufaopmoHk;pGJjyD;/,mOfarmif;ESifjcif;/
• ,mOfarmif;ESifpOf }uD;av;aomjypfr+wpfpHkwpfck usL;vGefjcif;/
• wpfem&Drdkif (100) EH+;xuf ydkjrefpGmarmif;ESifjcif;/
• ykvdyft&m&SdxHrS xGufajy;vGwfajrmuf&ef usdK;pm;jcif;/
• ,mOfwdkufcdkufr+jzpfyGg;pOfwGif &yfwef h&ef ESifh tultnDay;&efysufuGufr+/ rdrdta}umif;ESifh
owif;tcsuftvufrsm; ay;tyf&efysufuGufr+/ (txl;tjzifh/ vlaojcif; (odk h) xdcfdkuf
'g%f&m&onfh tcsdefrsdK;wGif/)
• vdrfvnf}udrfqdkjcif;/ ,mOfydkifqkdifr+ (odk h) toHk;jyKaer+qkdif&m rSefuefr+r&Sdaom pm
&Gufpmwrf;twkrsm;wGif yg0ifvufrSwfxdk;jcif;/ (odk h) trsm;jynfol vHkjcHKa&;Xge
87
 (odk h) udk,fpm;vS,ftm; rSefuefr+r&Sdaomowif; tcsuftvufrsm;udkxGufqdkjcif;/
• rDeDpdk;xmjynfe,f. rnfonfhvrf;pnf;urf;Oya'udkrqdk/ wpfESpftwGif; oHk;}udrf
usL;vGefcJhjyD;/ jypfr+xif&Sm;I tmrcHjiif;y,fcH&jyD; axmif'g%fuscH&rnfhol/
• tjcm;jynfe,fwpfckwGif usL;vGefcJhaomjypfr+onf rDeDpdk;xmjynfe,ftwGif; usL;
vGefonfqdkygu vkdifpifzsufodrf;Edkifavmufonfh jypfr+rsdK;jzpfjcif;/
• ,mOftmrcHr&Sdonfudk }udKwifod&Sdv#ufESifh ,mOftm;armif;ESifaom jypfr+usL;vGef
jcif;
• tmrcHr&Sdaom,mOftm; ydkifqkdifjyD; armif;ESiftoHk;jyKv#uf&Sda}umif; ppfaq;awG h&Sd
jcif; (odk h) tjcm;olrsm;tm; armif;ESiftoHk;jyKcGifh ay;xm;jcif;/
• ausmif;um;. &yfvufwHESifhteDa&mifrD;rdSwfwkwf zGifhxGef;xm;pOf &yfwef h&efysuf
uGufonfh qdk;&Gm;aomjypfr+rsdK; usL;vGefjcif;/
• ,mOfarmif;ESifaepOf/wm;jrpfxm;aomaq;0g;wpfckck vuf0,fydkifqdkif (odk h) a&mif;jc
jcif;?
vdkifpifzsufodrf;jcif;umv jyD;qHk;onfhtcg/ jyefvnfxkwfay;&ef vdktyfcsufrsm;tm;vHk; jynfhpHk
v#if oifhvdkifpiftm; jyefvnfxkwfay;rnff? jyefvnfxkwfay;ca}u;aiGESifh vdktyfaom/ppfaq;r+
rsm;udk atmifjrif&efvdktyfonf? vufawG harmif;ESifr+ESifh pmawG hppfaq;r+cH,l&ef ckdifvHkaom rSwf
yHkwifjyEdkif&rnf? vdktyfaom ppfaq;r+tm;vHk; jynfhpHkjyD;v#if oifhvdkifpiftopfwpfckudkjyefvnf
av#mufxm;&rnf?

uef howfvdkifpif
tcsdK haomtajctaersm;wGif/ vdkifpif,m,D&yfqdkif;cH&ol (odk h) zsufodrf;cH&oltm;/ uefhowfvdkif
pifwpfck xkwfay;Edkifonf? uef howfvdkifpifxkwfray;rD/ vdktyfaom owfrSwfxm;csufrsm; jynfh
rD&efvdkonf? rjzpfrae apmifhqdkif;&rnfh umvwpfckvnf; tygt0ifjzpfonf? oifhtm; uef howf
vkdifpifxkwfay;cJhv#if/ oifhtm; atmufygtwdkif;uef howfxm;rnf/
• oifhtdrfESifhtvkyft}um; oGm;vm&ef/
• aq;ukor+cH,l&ef oGm;vmjcif;/
• rdom;pktwGif;&Sd om;orD;/ cav;ESifh tjcm;rDcdkolrsm;. usef;rma&;udpP/ynma&;udpP/
t[m&zGifhjzdK;a&;twGuf oGm;vmulnDydk haqmifay;&ef/
• nausmif; (odk h) ouf}uD;ynmoifausmif;uJhodk hausmif;odk htoGm;tjyef/

y,fzsufjcif;
oifY ,mOfarmif;ESif&ef w&m;Oya't&tcGifhta&;r&SdcJhvsif oifhtm; xkwfay;xm;aom,mOf
armif; vkdifpiftm; y,fzsufrnf? atmufygtcsufrsm;a}umifh oifhvdkifpiftm; y,fzsufedkifonf?
• ,mOfwpfpD;tm; vHkjcHKpdwfcspGm armif;ESifEdkif&eftwGuf/ oifonf/ ukd,fpdwfESpfjzm
usef;rma&;t& csdK h,Gif;r+&SdaecJhv#if/
• trsm;jynfolvHkjcHKa&;Xge. vdktyfcsuft&/ oifonf vHkjcHKr+&SdpGm ,mOfarmif;ESif
EkdifolwpfOD;tjzpf ppfaq;aompmar;yGJtm; ratmifjrifEkdifjcif;/

88
 • rSm;,Gif;aom (odk h) rSm;,Gif;apEkdifaom tcsuftvufrsm;udk/ vkdifpifav#mufv$mwGif
az:jyxm;jcif; (oifhvdkifpiftm; &ufaygif;(60)y,fzsufrnf/ (odk h)rSefuefaom owif;
tcsuftvufrsm;wifjyEkdifonftxd y,fzsufrnf? ?ydkI&Snf}umaom&ufudk,lonf? )
• usL;vGefrdaomjypfr+a}umifh ay;tyfaomw&m;0ifjypf'g%fonf/ oifhvdkifpiftm;y,f
zsuf&efjzpfjcif;/
• rDeDpdk;xm;jynfe,fOya't& ,mOfarmif;vkdifpif&&dS&ef owfrSwfcsuf rjynfhrDSoljzpfjcif;?

pD;yGg;oHk;,mOfarmif;vdkifpif qHk;&+H;jcif;
owfrSwfxm;aom jypfr+rsm;usL;vGefcJhv#if pD;yGg;oHk;,mOfarmif;vdkifpiftm; qHk;&H+;rnf jzpfonf?
pD;yGg;oHk;,mOfarmif;vdkifpiftwGuf vdktyfaomtcsuftvufrsm;udk/ rDeDpdk;xmjynfe,f pD;yGg;oHk;
,mOfarmif;vkdifpif vufpGJpmtkyfwGif }unfhyg?

89
 tcef;( 8 )
rl;,pfaopm/ aq;0g;oHk;pGJjyD;armif;ESifjcif;
rDeDpkd;xm;jynfe,f vrf;rrsm;ay:wGif/ t&uf(okd h)wm;jrpfaq;ypPnf; oHk;pGJjyD; ,mOfarmif;ESifjcif;
onf Oya'ESihfqef husifonf?

t&ufESifh,mOfarmif;ESifjcif;
t&ufaomufjyD; ,mOfarmif;ESifjcif;jyomemonf/ rDeDpkd;xmjynfe,fESifhEdkifiHt0ef; }uD;rm;aom
jyomemyifjzpf.? qdk;&Gm;aom ,mOfwdkufcdkufr+rsm;onf t&ufaomufoHk;xm;jcif;a}umifhjzpf
a}umif; cdkifvHkaom usdL;a}umif;qufEG,fr+&Sd.? rDeDpdk;xmjynfe,f vrf;rrsm;ay:vlaoqHk;r+rsm;.
oHk;yHkwpfyHkonf t&ufaomufxm;aomolrsm; yg0ifygwfoufae.?
rl;,pf&rf;um; armif;ESifr+a}umifh rDeDpdk;xm;jynfe,fwGif wpfESpfv#if ysrf;r#jcif; vlaygif; 240
OD; aoqHk;&jyD;/ axmifESifhcsDaom vltrsm;xdcdkuf'g%f&m&}u.? vlaoqHk;r+ trsm;tjym;rSm/rl;,pf
&rf;um; armif;ESifr+a}umifhjzpfaom ,mOfwdkufr+rsm;wGifjzpf.? Todk haomaoapEdkifavmufonfh
tjyKtrlrsdK;rsm;udk vli,fa,musFm;rsm;u tjcm;olrsm;xuf ydkrdkusL;vGefwwfonf?

rl;,pfaq;0g;ESifh,mOfarmif;ESifjcif;
rl;,pfaq;0g; oHk;pGJjyD; ,mOfarmif;jcif;onfvnf;/ t&ufaomuf armif;ESifouJhodk hyif/tEN&,f
rsm;.? rDeDpkd;xmjynfe,fwGif wm;jrpfaq;0g; (odk h) tEN&,f&Sdaomaq;0g;ypPnf;oHk;pGJjyD; ,mOf
armif;ESifjcif;udk Oya'jzifhwm;jrpf.? xdkypPnf;rsm;wGif/ w&m;r0ifaq;0g;rsm;ESifh q&m0ef n$ef
}um;csufjzifhoHk;aomaq;0g;rsm;/ tdrfoHk;aq;0g;rsm;vnf; yg0if.?
Taq;0g;/ypPnf;rsm;onf/ vHkjcHKpdwfcspGm ,mOftm;xdrf;odrf;Edkifr+/ vrf;tajctaetay:,mOf
armif;olrS wHk hjyefEdkifr+rsm;ESifhygwfoufjyD;/ ,mOfarmif;ol. pdwfESifhcE<mtm; xdcdkufr+ &Sdaponf?
w&m;0ifaq;0g;rsm;onf/ wpfrsdK;wnf;taejzifh/ xdcdkufr+r&SdEkdifaomfvnf;/ t&ufjzihfa&maESm
oHk;pJGcJhv#ifrl/ jyif;xefaom tqdyfoifhr+ tusdK;quf&Sd.?

t&ufESifh,mOfarmif;ESifr+t&nftcsif;
t&ufonf/ xHkxdkif;jyD; cE<mudk,ft*Fgrsm;. v+yf&Sm;Edkifr+pGrf;tm;udk aES;av#mhoGm;aponf? aoG;t
wGif;&Sd t&ufyrm%udk t&ufodyfonf;r+[kac:.? t&ufodyfonf;r+rsm;ygu/ xdcdkufr+rsm;rnf?
t&ufwpfcGufr#aomufjyD;onfESifhyif/ ,mOfarmif;ESifr+t&nftcsnf;udk xdcdkufjyD;jzpfonf?

xdckdufr+trsdK;tpm;rsm;
t&ufonf vl.A[dktm&Hka}umpHepftm; xdckdufapjyD;/ ,mOfarmif;ESifr+t&nftjcif;tm;usqif;ap
.? t&ufa}umifh rnfodk hxdcdkufa}umif;udk atmufygtcef;i,frsm;wGif wduspGmaz:jyxm;.?

tqHk;tjzwf
t&ufaomufxm;aom,mOfarmif;rsm;onf/ rdrdwdk h.tm;eJaer+udk av#mhayghpGmqHk;jzwfwwf

90
.? xdkolrsm;onf/ tvGeftrif;jrefjrefarmif;wwf. /&yf&eftuGmta0;tm; rSm;,Gif;qHk;jzwf
wwf./ cg;ygwfygwf&efjyufuGuf./rdrdukd,fudkumuG,farmif;ESif&efarhav#mhwwf.?

tjriftm&Hk
rsufpd a&G hvsm;}unfhEdkifaomtus,ft0ef; av#mheJvm.? t&ufodyfonf;r+ rsm;aomolrsm;wGif
tjrifr+ef0g;jcif;rsdK; jzpfay:.?

wHk hjyefEdkifr+tcsdef
wHk hjyefEdkifr+tcsdefaES;vm.? rl;&pfaopmoHk;pJGxm;aom,mOfarmif;onf/ tcsufjyrD;rsm;/ tjcm;
,mOfarmif;olESihf vrf;av#mufolrsm;.trlt&mrsm;/ teD;ygwf0ef;usifwGif jzpfay:aeaom udpP
rsm;tay:/ v#ifjrefpGmwkH hjyefEdkifr+r&Sd?

pwD,m&ifa*G
rl;&pfaopmoHk;pJGxm;aom,mOfarmif;onf/ pwD,m&ifa*Gtm; vdktyfonfxufydkrdkvSnhf
wwfaoma}umifh/ vl;&rf;aejcif;ESifh vrf;ab;xdk;}uoGm;jcif;wdk hjzpfwwf.?

odjrifem;vnfr+
rl;&pfaopmoHk;pJGxm;aom,mOfarmif;onf toHESifhjrifuGif;tm; *&krxm;Edkifwwfay? (okd h)
rSefuefpGm t"dy`g,fraz:Edkifawmhay?

[efcsufxdef;edkifjcif;
rl;&pfaopmoHk;pJGxm;aom,mOfarmif;onf/ t&SdefESifh wdusaojcmr+tay: wnfjidrfpGmjcHKiHkoHk;oyfEdkif
pGrf; r&Sdawmhay?

tm&Hkpdkufr+
rl;&pfaopmoHk;pJGxm;aom,mOfarmif;onf ,mOfarmif;ESifaepOf tm&Hkpdkufxm;&efvdktyfaom
wm0efrsm;tay:/ tm&Hkpdkufxm;Edkif&ef cufcJvm}u.?

t&ufta}umif;odaumif;p&mrsm;
bD,m(12)atmifp/ 0dkif (5) atmifpwpfcGuf/ pyft&ufwpfcGufESifh 0dkiftcsdK (9)atmifp wdk honf/
yHkrSeftm;jzifh t&ufjyif;tm; twlwlyifyg0if.? pyft&ufwGif &dk;&dk;t&ufxuf wpfqcGJ/ jyif;tm;
ydkrsm;jcif;/ bD,mwGifyg&Sdaomt&ufjyif;tm; trsdK;rsdK;&SdjyD; (40)&mckdifEH+;txdyg0ifEkdifa}umif;wdk h
tm;/ oabmaygufxm;&ef ta&;}uD;onf?
cGifhjyKjyD;( proof ) [laomtoHk;teH+;onf/ t&ufjyif;tm;udkqdkvdkjyD;/ t&uf&mcdkifEH+;ESpfqESifh nDr#
onf? Oyrm/ (80 proof ) 0DpuDwpfykvif;wGif/ t&uf(40)&mckdifEH+;yg0ifonf?
oifhcEWmudk,fwGif;&Sdt&ufodyfonf;r+tm;onf t&ufaomufxm;aom tcsdefumveSifh/ tusdK;
qufpyfr+&dSonf? wpfem&DtwGif; pHt&ufwpfcGufxuf ydkrdkoHk;pGJv#if oifYt&ufodyfonf;r+ ydkrsm;
vmrnf? vlwpfOD;jcif;pDtvdkuf/ t&uf.tusdK;oufa&mufr+ uGmjcm;onf?
touf/ vdif/ udk,ftav;csdef/ pdwf/ tpm;tpm/ tpmajccsufr+ESifhZD0jzpfpOfwdk honf vlwpfOD;

91
jcif;pDtay: t&uf.tusdK;oufa&mufr+ xif[wfjyonf? rwlnDaom tajctaeeSifh/ tcsdef
trsdK;rsdL;wGif/ pdwf/ tpm;tpmESifh tdyfa&;jyufjcif; tp&Sdonfwdkha}umifh/ t&uf. tusdK;ouf
a&mufr+onfvnf; rwlnDEdkifay?
a,musFm;ESifhrdef;rwdk htay: t&uf.tusdK;oufa&mufr+ rwlnDay? a,musFm;rsm;wGif}uGuf
om;rsm; ydkrdk&SdwwfI/ xdk}uGufom;rsm;u aoG;a}umtwGif;odk ht&ufrsm;v#ifjrefpGm/ r0ifa&mufEdkif
&ef jyKvkyf.? wlnDaomt&ufyrm%udk aomufoHk;jcif; wlaomfvnf;udk,ftav;csdefwljyD; tqD
"gwf ydkrsm;olu/ t&ufodyfonf;r+ ydkrdk&Sdaernf?
t&ufodyfonf;r+ eJoGm;ap&efvkyfaqmifEdkifaom wpfckwnf;aomenf;rSm/ apmifhqdkif;&efomjzpf
.? omrmeftm;jzifh t&ufwpfcGufonf wpfem&D}umrS ajywwf.? odk haomf ta}umif;trsdK;rsdK;
a}umihf ydkrdk}um&Snfwwfonf?
oifhcE<mukd,frS t&uf(95)&mckdifEH+;tm; toJ.ajcjzufr+jzihf pGef hxkwfEkdifonf? usef&Sdaomt
&ufrsm;onf touf&+jcif;/ acGs;xGufjcif;ESifh usifi,fpGef hjcif;wdk hjzifh xGufoGm;rnf?aumfzDaomuf
jcif;/ avhusifhcef;vkyfjcif;ESifh a&at;jzifha&csdK;jcif;rsm;a}umifh ydkrdkajczsufEdkifjcif;r&Sdyg?

pGef hpm;r+eJapaomt&mudka&G;cs,fjcif;
vlr+a&;t& t&ufaomufjcif;onf/ r}umc%qdkouJhodk h/,mOfarmif;jcif;udk xdcdkufapEdkif
.? tEW&m,fuif;qHk;pD;rsOf;rSm = oifonf t&ufaomufawmhrnfqkdygu ,mOfrarmif;ygESifh?
xdk htjyif ,mOfarmif;rnfqdkygu/ t&ufraomufygESifh? rl;I,mOfarmif;jcif;a}umifh xdcdkufr+rS
a&Smifz,fEdkifaomtcsufrsm;rSm/ atmufygtwkdif;jzpf.?
• ,mOfarmif;ay;rnfholwpfOD; &Smvdkufyg/
• xufpfpDum; iSg;vdkufyg/
• rdwfaqGwpfOD;OD;udktultnDawmif;yg/
• rdwfaqG.tdrfwGifom/wpfnwmukefvGefapyg/
• oifhrdwfaqGt&ufrl;aeygu um;aomhudk odrf;xm;vdkufyg/
tb,fa}umifhqdkaomf t&ufaomufjcif;jzifh rSm,Gif;aom tqHk;tjzwfrsm; jyKvkyfwwf.? xdcdkuf
r+&Sdapaom ,mOfarmif;ESifr+udk a&Smifz,fEdkif&ef/ t&ufraomufrD/ pdwfwnfjidrfaepOftcgY/ qHk;
jzwfcsufjcxm;&ef tvGefta&;}uD;onf?

rDeDpdk;xm;.rl;,pf&rf;um;,mOfarmif;jcif;Oya' (DWI )
a&G hv#m;aeaom(odk h) &yfem;xm;aom,mOfwpfpD;tm;/ xdrf;odrf;aeolonf/ t&ufodyfonf;r+/
0.08( odk h) xdk hxufydkrsm;aom ( tu,fIpD;yGg;oHk;,mOfarmif;oljzpfygu 0.04 ) &SdcJhv#if/
xdkolonf rl;,pf&rf;um;armif;ESifol (DWI) tjzpf/ zrf;qD;jcif; cH&rnf? Oya'qkdif&mt&m&SdrS/
,mOfarmif;olonf t&ufaomufoHk;xm;I ,mOfarmif;ESifpOf trSm;usL;vGefa}umif; oufao
jyEkdifcJhv#if/ xdkolY t&ufodyfonf;r+ 0.04 yif&Sdapumrl/ zrf;qD;jcif; cH&Ekdifonf?

oG,f0dkufpGm oabmwlnDr+ Oya'

,mOfarmif;olwpfOD;onf/ ,mOfarmif;ESifaepOf rl;,pfaomufpm;xm;onf[lI/ Oya'qkdif&m
t&m&Sdu ,Hk}unfavmufonfh qDav#mfaomta}umif;&Sdygu/ xdk,mOfarmif;oludk/ aoG;/ touf

92
&+vrf;a}umif;(odk h)qD;tm;ppfaq;&efvdktyfonf? Tokd hppfaq;jcif;tm; jiif;qdkjcif;onf Oya'
csdK;azmuf&m a&mufonf? jiif;qdkoltm; ,mOfarmif;ESifcGifhwpfESpfwdwd ,kwfodrf;edkifonf?
TOya'onf tjcm;,mOftrsdK;tpm;rsm;jzpfaom/ armfawmfbkwf/ESif;awmpD;,mOfESifh tyef;
ajzoHk; tdrfum;rsm;ESifhvnf; oufqdkifjyD; tm%moufa&mufr+&Sdonf?
Oya'qdkif&mt&m&SdrS oifhtm; c&D;aqmifoHk; ppfaq;u&d,modk havr+wfxJhcdkif;rnf? Tppfaq;
r+jzifh/ oift&ufrnfr#aomufxm;onfudk/ t&m&Sdu awG h&SdEdkifrnfjzpfonf? Tud&d,mrS t&uf
odyfonf;r+ rnfr#&Sdonfudkom n$efjyEdkifjyD;/ tajztm;w&m;&kH;wGif/ oufaotjzpfwifjyEdkif&efrl
uef howfcsuf&Sdonf? tu,fI oifonftzrf;cH&jyDqdkygu/ aoG;/ touf&+vrf;a}umif;(odk h)
qD;ppfaq;csuftm; w&m;&Hk;oufaotjzpf wifjy&ef/ay;tyf&efvdktyfonf? atmufaz:jyygtcsuf
wpfckcka}umifhqdkv#if/ rnfonfhOya'qkdif&mt&m&Sdurqdk/ xdkppfaq;r+cH,l&ef oifhtm;awmif;qdk
Edkifonf?
• DWI r+;,pf&rf;aumif;armif;ESifr+a}umihf zrf;qD;cH&jcif;/
• touf&+vrf;a}umif;ppfaq;r+cH,l&ef jiif;qdkjcif;/
• touf&+vrf;a}umif;ppfaq;r+cH,ljyD; ppfaq;r+us&+H;jcif;/
• t&ufaomufxm;Ijzpfaom ,mOfwdkufcdkufr+wGif yg0ifywfoufjyD;/ xdckduf'g%f
&m&r+/ ypPnf;OpPmjyufpD;r+ (odk h) vlaor+jzpfjcif;/
touf&+vrf;a}umif;ppfaq;r+jzifh/ t&ufaomufxm;jcif;r&SdbJ/ t&ufrl;aeonfh[efawG h&aom
,mOfarmif;olrsm;twGuf tusdK;aus;Zl;jzpfaponf? vlcsdK honf usef;rma&;tajctaet&/ t&uf
rl;olwpfOD;uJhokd hyHkpHwlvuQ%mrsdK;&Sdwwfonf? xdktcgrsdK;wGif/ emrusef;jzpfaeaom ,mOfarmif;
oltm; Oya'qdkif&mt&m&SdrS usef;rma&;qdkif&m ulnDr+ay;Edkifayrnf?

'g%faiGESifh 'g%frsm;
t&ufESifhygwfoufaomtr+a}umifh ,mOfarmif;vdkifpif ,kwfodrf;cH&v#if/ vdkifpifjyefvnfxkwfay;
c/ a':vm(680)/ (DWI)todynmppfaq;r+ pmar;yJGjyD;ajrmufapjcif;/ ,mOfarmif;vkdifpifav#muf
xm;r+ ESifh "gwfcGJcef;a}u;rsm;yg0ifonf? zrf;qD;cH&aomtajctae/ ,cifu,mOfpnf;urf; azguf
zsufusL;vGefcJhr+rsm;ESifh &mZ0wfjypfr+ rSwfwrf;&mZ0ifwdk htay:rlwnfjyD;/ usL;vGefr+wpf}udrfpDwdkif;
twGuf/ wdusaomjypf'g%fESifh'g%faiGrsm;&SdjyD;/ aemufqufwGJ/ 'g%fcwfydwfqdk hr+rsm;yg cH&Ekdif
onf? jypf'g%frsm;udk ydkI}uD;av;apaom ta}umif;tcsufwdk hrSm atmufygtwdkif; jzpfonf?
• ,cifu rl;,pf&rf;um;armif;ESifr+ DWI jzifhtzrf;cH&zl;oljzpfjcif;/
• t&ufodyfonf;yg0ifr+ (0.20 ) ESifhtxuf&Sdaejcif;/
• &yf&ef wm;cH&pOfY/ touf(16)ESpfxufi,faomolwpfOD; ,mOftwGif;&Sdaejcif;/
• touf(21)ESpfxufi,faomol jzpfjcif;/
• y%mrzrf;qD;pOf touf&+vrf;a}umif;ppfaq;r+cH,l&ef jiif;qefjcif;/
t&ufodyfonf;qyg0ifr+ (0.08)ESifh txufyg&Sda}umif; awG h&Sd&onhf/ (odk h)t&ufodyfonf;qyg
0ifr+tm; ppfaq;cH&efjiif;qefaom ,mOfarmif;oltm;/ (7) &ufoufwrf;&Sd/ ,m,D,mOfarmif; ESif
cGifhvdkifpif &&Sdrnf? (7) &ufjynfhjyD;v#if/ tjypf&Sdk,mOfarmif;.vdkifpiftm;,kwfodrf;rnf jzpfonf?

93
yxrt}udrftjypfusL;vGefol
• teJqHk;&uf (90) vdkifpif,kwfodrf;rnf? (rl;,pf&rf;um;armif;ESifrdr+ (DWI) tay:
tjypf&dSa}umif;0efcHcJh v#if&uf(30) )
• vdkifpif,kwfodrf;r+ (15) &ufrausmfvGefrjcif;/ vdkifpifjyefvnfxkwfay;&ef vdktyf
csufrsm; rjynfhrDao;oI/ tvkyfvkyfcGihfygrpf xkwfay;vdrfhrnfr[kwf?
• axmif'g%f&ufaygif; (90) ESifh (odk h) 'g%faiG a':vm ( 1000)/

'kwd,t}udrftjypfusL;vGefol
• yxrt}udrfusL;vGefjyD; (10) ESpftwGif;/ 'kwd,t}udrf xyfrHusL;vGefcJhv#if/teJqHk;
&ufaygif; (180) vkdifpif ,kwfodrf;rnf?
• vdkifpif,kwfodrf;r+oufwrf; xuf0ufausmfvGefjyD;/ vdkifpifjyefvnfxkwfay;&ef vdktyf
csufrsm; jynfhrDjyD;rS/ tvkyfvkyfcGifhygrpftm; xkwfay;rnf?
• axmif'g%fwpfESpf ESifh (odk h) 'g%faiG a':vm(3000)
• ,mOfvkdifpifeHygwfjym;tm; odrf;qnf;rnf?

wwd,t}udrftjypfusL;vGefol
• vkdifpiftm; teJqHk; wpfESpfydwfcH&rnf?
• vdkifpifjyefvnfxkwfay;&ef vdktyfcsufrsm; jynfhrDjyD;/ teJqHk;wpfESpf ausmfvGefjyD;rS
om/ tvkyfvkyfcGifhygrpftm; xkwfay;rnf?
• vdkifpiftm; jzufodrf;jyD; jzpfonf?
• rdrdudk,fudkjyKjyifjcif; (teJqHk;wpfESpf rdrdudk,fudkjyKjyifukpm;jyD;a}umif; oufaot
axmuftxm;)ESifh/ vdkifpiftm; jyefvnfxkwfay;jyD;ygu/ oifhwpfoufwmvHk; rdrd
udk,fudk jyKjyifaexkdif&ef vdktyfygonf?
• axmif'g%fwpfESpf ESifh (odk h) 'g%faiG a':vm(3000)
• ,mOftm;odrf;qnf;jyD; vdkifpifeHygwfjym;udkyg ,kwfodrf;rnf/
• axmifoGif;tusOf;cs (odk h) tjrifhqHk;tmrcHESifh tDvufx&Gef;epfu&d,mjzifhoGm;vm
v+yf&Sm;r+tm; apmihf}unfhjcif;/

&mZ0wfjypfr+}uD; DWI
tu,fI atmufygtcsuf wpfckcka}umihfqdkygu oifonf (DWI) &mZ0wfjypfr+}uD;tjzpf
ta&;,l cH&rnf?
1? (10)ESpf twGif; DWI pwkwˆt}udrf usL;vGefjcif;/
2? DWI &mZ0wfjypfr+ ,cifu usL;vGefcJhzl;jcif;/
3? t&uf(odk h)rl;,pfaq;0g; oHk;pGJxm;r+a}umifhjzpfay:aom/ vlaoqHk;cJhonfh &mZ0wfr+
ajrmufaom ,mOfwdkufr+udk usL;vGefcJhjcif; tp&Sdonfwdk hjzpfonf?
pwkwˆt}udrf usL;vGefolonf/(4)ESpf vdkifpifydwfodrf;cH&rnfjzpfjyD;/ rdrdudk,fudk ukor+cH,ljcif;

94
ESifh vkdifpifjyefvnfxkwfay;&ef tjcm;vdktyfcsufrsm; jynfhpHk&efvdktyfonf? DWI &mZ0wf
jypfr+}uD;tjzpf ta&;,lcH&v#if/ axmif'g%f(7)ESpftxd/ (aumif;rGefpGmaexdkifygu (5)ESpf)ESifh
'g%faiG a':vm( 14,000 )?

toufrjynfhao;olt&ufaomufoHk;jcif; (Oya't&n‡mwmjcif;r&Sd )
t&uf0,f,lcGifhESifh aomufoHk;EdkifcGifh&SdolwpfOD;. w&m;0iftoufrSm (21) ESpfjzpfonf? touf
(21) ESpfatmuf&SdolwpfOD;. udk,fcE<mtwGif; rnfonfht&ufyrm%rqdkawG h&SdpOf ,mOfarmif;ESif
jcif;onf Oya'ESifhqef husifonf? Tjypfr+tm; usL;vGefv#if oif.,mOfarmif;ESifcGifh &uf aygif;
(30) ydwfcH&rnf? 'kwd,t}udrf usL;vGefv#if/ ,mOfarmif;vkdifpif&ufaygif; (180) ydwfcH&rnf?

pD;yGg;oHk;,mOfarmif;vkdifpif/ t&ufESifhwm;jrpfypPnf;rsm;ta}umif;/
atmufaz:jyyg tcsufwpfckckESifh jidpGrf;cJhv#if/ oif.pD;yGg;ul;oHk;,mOfarmif;vdkifpiftm;
yxrt}udrfwGif/ teJqkH; wpfESpf qHk;&H+;vdrfhrnf?
• t&ufodyfonf;q 0.04 (odk h) ydkIyg&SdaepOf pD;yGg;oHk;,mOftm; armif;ESifjcif;? t&ufodyf
onf;q 0.04 xufeJaomfvnf;/ t&ufaomufxm;a}umif; ppfaq;awGh &dS&v#if/ 24 em&D/
wm0efrS &yfqdkif;cH&rnf?
• t&ufodyfonf;q 0.08 ESifhtxufyg&SdpOf rnfonhf,mOfudkrqdk armif;ESifonfjzpfap?
• rnfonfh,mOfudkrqdk armif;ESifaepOf touf&+vrf;a}umif;/ aoG;ESifhqD;tm;ppfaq;jcif;
cH,l&ef jiif;qefjcif;?
• oifarmif;ESifaom,mOfyg0ifaom/ ,mOfwkdufr+jzpfyGg;aomae&mudk pGef hcGgxGufoGm;jcif;?
• jypfr+ wpfpHkwpf&musL;vGef&eftwGuf/ armfawmf,mOfwpfrsdK;rsdK;tm; toHk;jyKjcif;?
tEN&,f&dSypPnf; wifaqmifaom pD;yGg;oHk;,mOftm;armif;ESifaepOf tjypfusL;vGefygu/ oif.
pD;yGg;oHk;vdkifpiftm;/ teJqHk; (3) ESpf qHk;&+H;rnf? 'kwd,t}udrfusL;vGefygu/ oif.pD;yGg;oHk;
vdkifpiftm; &moufyefqHk;&+H;rnfjzpfonf? pD;yGg;okH;,mOftm;toHk;jyKjyD;/ &mZ0wfr+ajrmufapaom/
wm;jrpfypPnf;rsm;qkdif&mtr+ usL;vGefcJhv#if/ oif.pD;yGg;oHk;vdkifpiftm; &moufyefqHk;&H+;rnf?
pD;yGg;oHk;vdkifpif&Sdol ,mOfarmif;rsm;/ c&D;onfwif,mOftm; armif;ESifpOf/ xdcdkufr+&Sdaom,mOf
armif;ESifr+jzifh zrf;qD;cH&v#if/ vdkifpiftm; ,kwfodrf;xm;aom umvtwGif;/ pD;yGg;oHk;,mOfarmif;
ESif&ef tvkyfvkyfcGifhygrpftm; qufvuf&,lxm;cGifh r&Sday?

t&ufESifhwm;jrpfypPnf;rsm;qdkif&mtjcm;aomOya'rsm;
tzHk;yGifht&ufykvif;
trsm;jynfoloHk; vrf;rsm;ESifh ta0;ajy;vrf;ray: &Sdaeaom rnfonfh,mOftwGif;Yrqdk/ tzHk;yGifhae
aom rnfonfht&ufrsdK;rqdk/ xm;&Sdjcif;/aomufoHk;jcif;onf Oya'ESihfqef husifonf? xdkenf;wl/
vdkufygpD;eif;ol c&D;onftm; tzHk;yGifht&ufvuf0,fxm;&Sd/ aomufoHk;cGifhjyKjcif;onfvnf;
Oya'ESifhqef husifonf?

armfawmf,mOfESifhwm;jrpfypPnf;rsm;
armfawmf,mOftwGif; wm;jrpfypPnf;rsm; oHk;pJG/ xm;&dS (odk h) a&mif;jcjcif;onf/ Oya'ESifhqef husif
onf?
95
 tcef; (9)
odaumif;p&mtcsuftvufrsm;ESifhvrf;n$efcsufrsm;
rDeDpdk;xmjynfe,ftwGif; ,mOfarmif;ESifolrsm;ESifhoufqdkifaom owif;tcsuftvufrsm;
ESifh tr+aqmifay;aomae&m vrf;n$efcsufrsm;udk Ttcef;twGif; &,lekdifygonf?

tifwmeuf0ufbfqdkufrsm;
tifwmeuftr+aqmifr+rsm;ESifhowif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk www.mndriveinfo.org. 0ufbfqdkuf
wGif&,lEkdifonf? oifvkyfaqmifEdkifonfrsm;udkatmufwGifOyrmay;xm;ygonf?
• vufawG harmif;ESifr+ppfaq;jcif;cH,l&ef&ufcsdef;&,ljcif;
• oif.,mOfarmif;ESifEkdifcGifhw&m;0ifoufwrf;&Sd/r&Sdppfaq;}unfh&+Edkifjcif;/
• &Hk;wnf&Sdae&mrsm;
• ,mOfwkdufckdufr+ta}umif;tpD&ifcHtr+zGifhjcif;
• ,mOfa&mif;csa}umif;tpD&ifcHpmay;ydk hjcif;
• ,mOfrSwfyHkwifoufwrf;wdk;jcif;
• oifESifhteD;qHk;&Sd&Hk;wnfae&m&SmazGjcif;
• ,mOfarmif;vdkifpifvufpGJrdwWL&,ljcif;
• ,mOfarmif;vdkifpifqdkif&mESifh,mOfydkifqdkifr+ESifhukdifwG,foHk;pGJr+qkdif&mowif;tcsuf
tvufrsm;rdwWL&,ljcif;
• todtrSwfjyK,mOfarmif;oifwef;ausmif;ESifhjyifqifay;aomausmif;rsm;&SmazGjcif;

&Hk;wnf&Sd&mae&mrsm;
rDeDpdk;xm;jynfe,ftwGif;/ ,mOfarmif;vdkifpifESifharmfawmf,mOf&Hk;aygif;(200)ausmf&Sdygonf?
&Hk;wnf&Sd&maersm;udkodvdkygu www.mndriveinfo.org 0ufbfqdkuf (odk h)w,fvDzkef;eHygwf
651-297-2005. odk hwpfygwfv#if(7)&uf /(24)em&DygwfvHk;qufoG,fpHkprf;Edkifygonf?

tquftoG,frsm;
tD;ar;vf/ drivers.licenses@state.mn.us
vufawG harmif;ESifr+ppfaq;jcif;&ufcsdef; (jrdK hwGif;om) 651=284=1000
&Hk;wnf&Sdvdyfpm 651=297=2005
,mOfarmif;vkdifpifqkdif&mowif;tcsuftvuf 651=297=3298
pD;yGg;ul;oef;,mOfarmif;vkdifpifqdkif&mowif;tcsuftvuf (CDL) 651=297=5029
,mOfarmif;t&nftjcif;qef;ppfjcif; 651=296=2025
tmrcHukr`%Drsm; 651=296=2015
odrf;qnf;cHvkdifpifeHygwfjym;rsm; 651=297=5034
,mOfrSwfyHkwifESifhtrnf 651=297=2126

96
txl;vdkifpifeHygwfjym; 651=297=3166
tvdktavsmuf0efaqmifr+rsm; 651=284=1234
tjcm;udpPrsm; 651=296=6911
em;r}um;olrsm;twGuftultnDay;IXge 651=282=6555

tjcm;aomjynfe,f0efaqmifr+tpDtpOfrsm;
jynfe,fvSnfhuif;owif;vdkif; 651=201=7100
MnDOT rDeDpdk;xmvrf;tajctae 511 (odk h) www.511mn.org
MnDOT rDeDpdk;xmarmfawmfo,f,lydk haqmifa&;0efaqmifr+ 651=215=6330

jynfolrsm;twGufowif;tcsuftvuf
a&S haecsKyf&Hk; 651=296=3353
tcrJheHygwf 800=657=3787
em;r}um;oltultnDay;Xge 651=297=7206
tcrJheHygwf 800=366=4812
0ufbfqdkuf www.ag.state.mn.us/consumer

rJqEN&Siftjzpfpm&if;ay;oGif;jcif;
,mOfarmif;vkdifpif(odk h)rSwfyHkwifav#mufxm;onfhtcsdefwGif wpfjydKifwnf;rJqEN&SiftjzpfrSwfyHk
wif pm&if;ay;oGif;Edkifygonf? ,mOfarmif;vkdifpifav#mufv$mtwGif;/ rJqEN&Sifpm&if;ae&mwGif
trSwfjcpfjyD; vufrSwfxdk;vdkuf,Hkomjzpfonf? a&G;aumufyGJrwdkifrD&uf(30)twGif;pm&if;oGif;
oltaejzifh/ qENrJay;Ekdifolpm&if;wGifyg0ifEdkifrnfr[kwfay?

udk,fcE<mtpdwftydkif;ESifhwpf&+;vSL'gef;jcif;
axmifESifhcsDaomvltrsm;onf/toufu,fwifwnf&ef/toufqufEkdif&eftwGuf/ vl hcE<mtpdwf
tydkif;/ wpf&+;p(okd h)rsuf}unfv$m tpm;xdk;cH,l&efapmifhqdkif;v#uf&Sdygonf? rDeDpdk;xmjynfe,f&Sd/
vkdifpif& ,mOfarmif;olrsm;taejzifh cE<mukd,ftpdwftydkif;/wpf&+;ESifhrsufvHk;rsm;vSL'g%f;jcif;
jyKEkdifygonf? ,mOfarmif;vdkifpif av#mufv$mtwGif; yg&Sdaom/ tcef;wpfckwGif/ oifuG,fvGefjyD;
aemufydkif;/ tvSL&Sifjzpfvdka}umif; qENjyKv$mxnfhoGif;xm;Ekdifygonf? xdkodk hqENaz:jyjcif;jzif/h
oifoabmwla}umif; twnfjzpfapygonf?oif. qHk;jzpfxm;csuftm; oifhrdom;pk0ifrsm;ESifh/
aqG;aEG;today;xm;&ef tvGefta&;}uD;jyD; 4if;wdk honfvnf;/ oifhqENtm;tav;xm;ap&ef vdk
tyfygonf? touf(18)ESpfatmuf&Sdol,mOfarmif;oltaeESifhvnf;/ rdboabmwlnDcsufjzifh/
TtpDtpOfY yg0ifEdkifygonf?
vSL'g%f;Ekdifaom cE<mtpdwftydkif;ESifhwpf&+;rsm;rSm ESvHk;/ tqkwf/ tonf;/ ausmufuyf/
yefu&d,/ tl/ ta&jym;/ESvHk;aoG;a}umtqdk h/t&dk; ESifh wG,fqufwpf&+;rsm;jzpfonf? cE<mt
pdwftydkif;rsm;udk/ vdktyfolrsm;odk htpm;xdk;ay;&mwGif/ aq;ynmqdkif&m ta&;ay:vdktyfaer+/
apmifhqdkif;ae&aomtcsdefumv/ rsdK;&dk;ADZqdkif&m vdkufzufnDr+ESifh yx0Dtaetxm;wdk htay:wGif
rlwnfjyD;/ vlemrsm;xHtpm;xdk;ukoay;ygonf?

97
 rsufpdvSL'g%f;vdkolonf/ rsufvHk;wpfvHk;vHk;udkaomfvnf;aumif;/ rsuf}unfv$mwpfckwnf;
udkaomfvnf;aumif;/ vSL'g%f;Edkifygonf? vlemrsm;udktajcjyKjyD; /omwlnDr#r+pHepft&/ tpm;xdk;
ukkoay;onf?
cE<mudk,ftvSL vkyfief;pOfa}umifh acgif;zGifhtokbtcef;tem;twGuf taESmuft,Sufrjzpfap
yg? cE<mudk,ftvSLvkyfief;pOfwpfav#mufvHk; tvSL&Siftm;/ *k%foduQm&dSpGmtxl;*&kxm; qufqH
ygonf? tvSL&SifESifh tvSL&Sifrdom;pktay: wpfpHkwpf&m tca}u;aiGaumufcHjcif;r&Sdyg?
cE<mudk,fESifhwpf&+;tvSLta}umif; ydkrdkod&Sdvdkygu/ 1-888-5-DONATE (1-888-536-6283) (okd h)
www.DonateLifeMn.org. 0ufbfqdkuf odk hqufoG,fEkdifygonf?
rsufpdwpfvHk;vHk; (odk h) rsuf}unfv$m tvSLESifhqkdifjyD;/ydkrdkod&Sdvdkygu/ w,fvDzkef;eHygwf
1-866-88-SIGHT (1-866-887-4448) (odk h) www.mnlionseyebank.org. 0ufbfqdkufodk h
qufoG,fEkdifygonf?

98