SENSOR

TECHNO
LOGYEXPERIMENT NO. - 7

SUBMITTED BY : SUBMITTED TO:

RAHUL KUSHWAH prof. APRAJITA KUMARI

ENROLLMENT NO:

0901IO201051
AIM :-

Study of the
BIOSENSOR(Pulse Meter)

Apparatus Required :-
Lab sensor kit installed with biosensor(pulse meter) and taken the
help of virtual lab.

Theory :-
• There are two types of photoplethysmography:
• Transmission: Light emitted from the light-emitting device is
transmitted through any vascular region of
the body like earlobe and received by the detector.
• Reflection: Light emitted from the light-emitting device is reflected
by the regions.
• The basic heartbeat sensor consists of a light-emitting diode and a
detector like a light detecting
resistor or a photodiode.
• The heartbeat sensor is based on the principle of
photoplethysmography.
• It measures the change in volume of blood through any organ of
the body which causes a change in
the light intensity through that organ (avascular region).
• The flow of blood volume is decided by the rate of heart pulses and
since light is absorbed by the
blood, the signal pulses are equivalent to the heartbeat pulses.
• The basic heartbeat sensor consists of a light-emitting diode and a
detector like a light detecting
resistor or a photodiode.
• Transmission types measure pulse waves by emitting red or
infrared light from the body surface and
detecting the change in blood flow during heart beats as a change in
the amount of light transmitted
through the body.
This method is limited to areas where light can easily penetrate, such
as the fingertip or earlobe.
• Reflection-Type Pulse Sensor (Optical Sensor for Heart Rate
Monitor)
• Reflection-type pulse sensors (Optical Sensors for Heart Rate
Monitor) emit infrared, red, or green
light (~550nm) towards the body and measure the amount of light
reflected using a photodiode or
phototransistor.

Circuit Digram :-
Observation Table :-
S. No. RPM BPM
1. 0.5 30
2. 1 60
3. 2 120

For different age group:-

S. No. Age Group Range of heart
beat
1. 1-2 years 80-130
2. 6-12 years 75-110
3. 12-Adult 60-100
Error Analysis:-
S. No. Type of Original Value Change
Error value after in value
error
Effect of
1. Misalignment 98 92 6

Effect Of Stray
2. Light 0 1 1

Result :-

Hence, we have studied the characteristics of biosensor(pulse meter)

and studied the observations and determined the error with the help
of lab kit and virtual lab.

Precautions :-

⦁ Handle the instruments carefully.

⦁ Note down the readings carefully.
⦁ Determine the error properly.
⦁ Place the finger properly.