PROJECT SYNOPSIS ON: DETERMINATION OF

HEART ATTACK SYSTEM

Midterm Report Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of

the Requirements
for the degree of

Bachelor of Technology in Applied Electronics and

Instrumentation Engineering

By

Rahul Shaw(13005319003)
Aahiri Pradhan(13005319006)
Bideepta Saha (13005319012)
Ishika Mondal (13005319021)
Gaurav Chakraborty (13005319022)

Under the guidance of

Prof. Subhajit Bhowmick

Techno India, Salt Lake

EM 4/ Salt lake City,Sector V
Kolkata – 700091
2022
Abstract:
In order to make this a successful project, all sensors should be measured and tested before
implemented. The combination of the microcontroller, concept of Machine Learning, and sensors
in seat belt will reduce the occupant’s risk of being injured in one case and help a person suffering
from a medical condition in the second case. Using the Proteus software, we have simulated a
system with the help of which we are able to calculate the heart beats per minute. We have also
collected the hardware components and will be integrating them for the successful completion of
the project. Arduino IDE has been used to prepare the code such that the hardware can be
integrated in the further steps.
 Table of contents:

1 Introduction
2 Methodology
3 Components Used
4 Observation and Results
5 Discussion
6 Remaining work
7 References
Introduction:

Monitoring heart rate is very important for athletes, patients as it determines the condition of the
heart (just heart rate). There are many ways to measure heart rate and the most precise one is using
an Electrocardiography. But the easier way to monitor the heart rate is to use a Heartbeat Sensor. It
comes in different shapes and sizes and allows an instant way to measure the heartbeat. Heartbeat
Sensors are available in Wrist Watches (Smart Watches), Smart Phones, chest straps, etc. The
heartbeat is measured in beats per minute or bpm, which indicates the number of times the heart is
contracting or expanding in a minute. 

PULSE SENSOR WORKING PRINCIPLE-

A pulse wave is the change in the volume of a blood vessel that occurs when the heart pumps
blood, and a detector that monitors this volume change is called a pulse sensor, also known as a
heartbeat sensor. This is a plug & play sensor that has two surfaces. The basic heartbeat sensor
consists of a light-emitting diode and a detector like a light detecting resistor or a photodiode. On
the first surface, the light-emitting diode & ambient light sensor are connected. Similarly, on the
second surface, the circuit is connected which is accountable for the noise cancellation&
amplification.

Fig 1. Sensor Fig 2. Procedure

The LED is connected to a vein of a human body (ear tips or Fingertip). However, it should be
located directly on top of a vein. The LED produces light that will drop directly on the vein.
The veins in the body will have a flow of blood within them simply once the heart is pumping. So,
if we check the blood-flow we can check the heartbeats also. If the blood flow is noticed, then the
sensor like ambient light will receive more-light as it will be reflected through the blood. The
oxygenated haemoglobin in the arterial blood has the characteristic of absorbing light. The amount
of light absorbed depends on the blood volume in that tissue. The redder the blood (the higher the
haemoglobin), more the light is absorbed. This small modification within received light can be
analysed on time to decide our heartbeats.

BUCKLE SENSOR WORKING PRINCIPLE-

A vehicle can include several types of sensors: weight sensor on passenger seat, speed sensor, and
connected sensors in buckles. There are conditional actions that are based on the sensor’s state.
They cause the dash indicator light to light up or for the alarm to go off inside. The reed switch is
an electromechanical switch operated by an applied magnetic field. The Reed Switch exists inside a
seat belt buckle and determines whether or not the passenger is wearing their seat belt.
The switch may be actuated by an electromagnetic coil, making a reed relay, or by bringing a
permanent magnet near it. When the magnetic field is removed, the contacts in the reed switch
return to their original position
The sensor detects whether the seat belt buckle is latched or unlatched, allowing the passenger
safety system to determine the optimum airbag deployment. Then in order to determine if the
seatbelt is fastened, there are two electrical contacts that are on the inside of the buckle fastener on
either side. Since the seatbelt buckle itself is made of metal, it will conduct electricity; So when the
buckle is buckled, it completes the safety circuit and
bypasses the warning light/alarm. Fig 1. Shows the entire seat belt in the buckled
position. Reed Switch is actuated. So, when the tongue
section of the buckle is inserted and connected to the
main buckle housing the sensor and magnet become
magnetically isolated. This in turn carries out the
switching/sensing function.

Fig 2. Shows the entire seat belt in the unbuckled

position

The sensor is in a normally open position. When the seat belt buckle thorn moves from an
unlatched to a latched position the magnetic circuit will be complete, activating the Reed Switch to
close its contacts sending a voltage output to the customer's electrical interface. In other words, the
metal ‘tongue’, when inserted into the other seat belt element, blocks the magnetic system in place
between a magnet and Reed Sensor. This interference essentially isolates the two elements from
each other, changing the state of the Reed Sensor contacts. When the seat belts are disengaged, the
interference no longer exists and the Reed Sensor contact reverts to the reset state. This Reed
Sensor design also needed to take into consideration all the magnetic elements internal and external
to the seat belt.

The unique aspect of our project is that with the help of the data collected, concerned authorities
are made aware of the situation so that help can be sent to individual concerned.
 Seat belt Buckle
sensor- REED

Fig: Block diagram showing the flow

of information
Methodology
 We have designed this simulation and this how it works.

 So, we designed a simple circuit in Proteus as shown in the below figure:

 As we can see in the above figure, we have our Arduino UNO board along with LCD and Heart

Beat Sensor.

 There's also a Button attached to Pin # 2. So when we press this button, our Arduino will start

counting the Heart Beat and will update it on the LCD.

 According to the code that has been used, when TimeinSec will become equal to 10 then we

multiply it with 6 and update in on the LCD.

 Now after clicking this HB button, it will start counting the HB as well as the Time in seconds.

 After ten seconds it will multiply the current heart rate with six and give the Heart Beat Per

Minute.

 This way, the beats per minute count is evaluated.

Components Required
 Arduino UNO
 20*4 LCD Display
 1KΩ Potentiometer 
 Power
 Ground
 Push Button 
 Heartbeat Sensor Module
 Mini Breadboard 
 Connecting Wires

Result Set:

10%
20%

30%
40%
50%

60%

70%
80%
90%

100%

Considering resistance of potentiometer- 10K ohm

 Resistance(%) Current HB Time in seconds HB per min
10 2 10 12
20 3 10 18
30 3 10 18
40 4 10 24
50 4 10 24
60 5 10 30
70 6 10 36
80 9 10 54
90 17 10 102
100 - 10 -

Discussion:
font size 12,Times new roman spacing between lines is 1.5 lines.

You can find the Principle of Heartbeat Sensor, working of the Heartbeat Sensor
and Arduino based Heart Rate Monitoring System B using a practical heartbeat
Sensor. Monitoring heart rate is very important for athletes, patients as it
determines the condition of the heart (just heart rate). There are many ways to
measure heart rate and the most precise one is using an Electrocardiography. But
the easier way to monitor the heart rate is to use a Heartbeat Sensor. It comes in
different shapes and sizes and allows an instant way to measure the heartbeat.
The heartbeat is measured in beats per minute or bpm, which indicates the number
of times the heart is contracting or expanding in a minute.

Remaining work:
font size 12,Times new roman spacing between lines is 1.5 lines.
References and Bibliography:

Sample References:

1. M. Sanjeev Arulampalam, Simon Maskell, Neil Gordon, and Tim Clapp, “A tutorial
on particle filters for online nonlinear/non-Gaussian Bayesian tracking”, IEEE
Transactions on Signal Processing, Vol. 50, No. 2, pp:174-188, Feb’ 2002.

2. R. N. Banavar, J. L. Speyer, “Properties of Risk-Sensitive Filters/Estimators”, IEEE

Proceedings of Control Theory Application, Vol.145, No. 1, January 1998.

3. R. G. Brown, and P. Y. C. Hwang, Introduction to Random Signals and Applied

Kalman Filtering with Matlab Exercises and Solutions, 3rd Edition, John Wiley &
Sons, Inc, 1997.

4. Universal Description, Discovery and Integration, UDDI;http://www.uddi.org;

October 5, 2007.
 APPENDIX
Start

Read resistance input from test pin of

heartbeat sensor.
Set HbCheck=0

Press push button .

Set HbStartCheck=0

No
HbSensor=High

Yes

HbCount=HbCount+1

HbCheck=1

TimerinSec=TimerinSec+1

Store inter-beat interval

Yes No
Calculate BPM.
HbperMin=HbCount*6 Successfully store 10
inter-beat interval