THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

Introduction

As mandated in the Republic Act No. 6506 known as “An Act Creating the Board of

Examiners for Criminologists in the Philippines” and further specified in section 11except as

otherwise specifically allowed under this Act, all applicants for registration as criminologists

shall be required to undergo an examination as provided in this Act (http:laws.chanrobles.com).

This act focusing the standardization and provide concentration for criminology graduates who

wants to be criminologist.

Furthermore, CMO 21 s. 2005 strengthen this act, it is thereby the objective of

criminology program to furnish the public with professionally reliable and roughly excellent

graduates in order to come up the necessity of globalization as it stake on the successively

changing and interdisciplinary fields of criminal justice. This set of policies and standards

centers on criminology program.

The areas in this act focuses on the following professional subjects together with respective

percentage such as Criminal Jurisprudence and Procedure (20%), Law Enforcement

Administration (20%), Criminalistics (20%), Criminal Detection and Investigation (15%), Police

Ethics and Human Relations (15%), and Correctional Administration and Probation (10%). This

major areas of academic the graduates may concentrate to attain national passing percentage.

In this regard, the study conducted for the purpose of analyzing the performance of

criminology graduates who took the licensure examination under this university. Certainly, its

intention to determine the criminology six major professional subjects; to present the

performance of licensure examination of the graduates of school year 2016-2019; to compare the

results of each major subjects and lastly initiate a plan of action to enhance board rating.
Theoretical framework of the study

The “Attribution theory”, which is anchored on the study of Adanza, et al explained and

determined the cause of an event or performance. It means that when a student succeeds at an

academic task such as passing the examination, the attributes are their abilities and efforts

influence by the school; however, when they fail, the attributes are poor teaching and bad luck

which is not controllable. Also, it has been noted that future academic interventions that focus on

school characteristics, and increasing school efficacy, can be achieved successfully if they can be

incorporated.

According to the “Motivation Theory” of Maslow, explains that the measurement of

performance of college students pursuing criminal justice education and the level of academic

performance can be attained by the relationships between motivational strategies, and responsive

environmental factors, skill/prior ability that motivate the students to adopt a following attributes

in internal and external domain. The students must be motivated in intrinsic aspects to encourage

lifelong learning.

Another theory, the “Expectancy Theory” of Victor Vroom, proposes that an individual

will performed or act in a certain way because they are motivated to select a specific behavior

over others due to what they expect the result of that selected behavior will be. This means that

the academic performance of students is expected on the performance of institution teaching

strategies, delivery of instruction, and the prepared standardized examination.

Regarding this study the Professional Regulation Commission is the only body of the

government attached under the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) that implement

the existing laws and provisions focusing on the regulation of all profession in the country. That

the criminology graduates may pass the licensure examination to become criminologist.
 Independent Variable
Academic Performance as
Determinants of Criminology
Licensure Examination in Major
Subjects:
1. Criminal Jurisprudence and
Procedure
2. Law Enforcement
Administration
3. Crime Detection and
Investigation
4. Criminalistics
5. Correctional Administration
6. Sociology of Crimes and Ethics
Figure 1. Schema of the Study
Dependent Variables
Criminology Licensure
Examination Performance in
Major Subjects:
1. Criminal Jurisprudence and
Procedure
2. Law Enforcement
Administration
3. Crime Detection and
Investigation
4. Criminalistics
5. Correctional Administration
6. Sociology of Crimes and
Ethics
Statement of the Problem

This study intended to determine the status of the Criminology graduates of Jose Rizal

Memorial State University Katipunan Campus in the Criminologist Licensure Examinations

administered by the Professional Regulation Commission particularly in the school year 2016-

2019, the findings will be used to prepare future graduates in board examination and initiate plan

of action for improvement of board rating performance of the college under this university.

Specifically, the study sought to answers to the following problems.

1. What is the General Weighted Average (GWA) of the graduates in terms of the academic

performance in major subjects?

2. What is the strength and weakness of the graduates in taking the Criminology Licensure

Examination that affects in six major subjects?

3. What is the level of performance in the different subjects in the licensure examination from

2016-2019?

4. What is the determinants of the Criminologists Licensure Board Examination performance of

the JRMSU-KC graduates?

Hypothesis of the study

HO1: There is no significant difference between the academic performances of the

graduates in major subjects.

HO2: There is no significant difference between the board rating performances of the

graduates in Criminology Licensure Examination.

HO3: There is no significant difference between the academic performance of the graduates

and the board rating performance in CLE.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

In this matter, the purpose of the study to be conducted is to identify the determinants of the

Criminologists’ Licensure Board examination rating of the JRMSU-KC graduates from 2016-

2019. The outcome of this research are believed to be helpful to the Criminology students for

them to understand and make efforts and be focus in studying their major subjects in order to

pass the licensure board examination. In addition, professor and instructors can acquire extra

knowledge and information that their teaching techniques or strategies and advance reading will

be helpful in preparation of future graduates. It may also give an additional feedback for the

plans and in the management of various activities that are designed not just only to support

graduates to undertake well in the licensure examinations which will be a path for the College of

Criminology in the course of becoming a Center of Excellence in this part of institution. Lastly,

it is beneficial for the College for producing a greater increase in board performance rating or a

100% board passers for the next few years and initiate a plan of action to enhance board rating.

The study would be a great help and provide benefits to the concern persons below.

Bs Criminology students. The outcome of this research primarily helps students to realize

and be serious in coping up the following deficiencies specifically in the academic performance

which would greatly affect the CLE.

Chairman. The outcome of this research will be the premise for establishing educational

plans, academic intervention, administrative functioning of instruction, and managing sets of

policies and standards for the advancement of the program.

Dean. The outcome of this study may direct him in manufacturing positive academic and

instructional policy and standards with objective to upgrade the quality of instruction in the

criminology program.
 Future Researcher. The results of this study may give extra knowledge to the next

researcher which would be the basis or reference for future development of this study and find

related literature in it.

Instructors and Professors of Criminology Department. The results of this study may

brought them to the realization of the importance of good teaching strategies and delivery of

instructions as the mentor of students.

Scope and Delimitation of the study

This study will be conducted at Jose Rizal Memorial State University- Katipunan Campus

specifically to the graduates of BS Criminology in this institution in relation to their board rating

performances. The scope of this study will cover the criminology graduates of school year 2016-

2019 for those who passed the criminologist licensure examination. Since most of the batch of

graduates got low in CLE.

Subject Delimitation. The subject of this study were the criminology graduates of JRMSU-

K those who had passed the CLE of school year 2016-2019.

Content Delimitation. This study is limited only to the graduates of BS Criminology in

JRMSU-KC in school year 2016-2019 of the whereabouts of their academic performance and

board rating in CLE.

Time Delimitation. The study will cover only the school year 2016-2019 of criminology

graduates since most of this time they got low passing percentage in CLE.

Place Delimitation. This study will be conducted at Jose Rizal Memorial State University-

Katipunan Campus.
Definition of Terms

The terms listed are exclusively used in this study with their corresponding meaning and

arise operationally defined.

Determinants. In this study it is the factor that decisively affect the nature or outcome of

graduates in CLE.

Academic performance or Academic achievement. It refers to the knowledge and skills

that students have mastered in a subject or a course. It’s basically a measure of how well students

have performed in the various assessment items set for them based on some educational criteria

determined by professions educators or achievement of students who meet or exceed

performance standards prescribed by course work. In this study it pertains to the general

weighted average of criminology graduates in major subject of this course.

BS CRIMINOLOGY Graduates. In this study, it refers to the criminology students who

graduated the course of Bachelor of Science in Criminology.

Board Rating. It pertains to the rating results in the six (6) major subjects or areas of the

CLE as whether the taker pass the exam.

Curriculum and Instruction (C&I) is a field within education which seeks to research,

develop, and implement curriculum changes that increase student achievement within and

outside schools. The field focuses on how students learn and the best ways to educate.

Criminology Licensure Examination. This refers to the examination administered by

professional regulatory commission required to the graduates of BS CRIMINOLOGY to be a

criminologist.

Environment. Is broadly characterized by its facilities, classrooms, and disciplinary policies

and practices. It sets the stage for the external factors that affect students of BS CRIMINOLOGY
board examiner.

Licensure Examination Profile. It pertains to the result of the CLE with their respective

rating of the takers. In this study it referring to the status of each takers in respective major

subjects in CLE.

Passers. This refers to the graduates who take the CLE and passed and became criminologist.

Major Subjects. This refers to the significant areas of subjects of criminology which in line

with their respective course to focus by undergraduates and graduates before taking CLE. This

refer to the following subjects:

Subject 1- (Criminal Law and Jurisprudence). This areas has a weight of 20% in the board

exam. It includes the following professional major subjects: Criminal Law (Book 1), Criminal

Law (Book 2), Criminal Procedure, Criminal Evidence, and Court Testimony.

Subject 2- (Law Enforcement Administration). This areas of subject has a weight of 20%.

It includes the following subjects: Police Organization and Administration with Police Planning,

Industrial Security Management, Police Patrol Operations with Police Communication System,

Police Intelligence, Police Personnel and Records Management, and Comparative Police System.

Subject 3- (Crime Detection and Investigation). This subject has 15% weight in the board

exam that includes the following subjects: Fundamentals of Criminal Investigation, Special

Crime Investigation, Organized Crime Investigation, Drug Education and Vice Control, and Fire

Technology and Arson Investigation.

Subject 4- (Criminalistics). This subject has a weight of 20%. It includes the following

subjects: Personal Identification, Forensic Photography, Forensic Ballistics, Questioned

Document Examination, Polygraphy (Lie Detection) and Legal Medicine.

Subject 5- (Correctional Administration). This subject has a weight of 10% in the board
exam. It includes the following: Institutional Corrections, and Non-Institutional Corrections.

Subject 6- (Sociology of Crimes and Ethics). This subject has a weight of 15% in the board

exam. It includes the following professional major subjects: Introduction to Criminology and

Psychology of Crimes, Philippine Criminal Justice System, Ethics and Values, Juvenile

Delinquency and Crime prevention, Human Behavior and Crisis Management, and

Criminological Research and Statistics.

 Chapter 2

REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presented the literatures that have bearing and relationship to the present

study. This gave the researchers broader perspective which aids the researchers in

conceptualizing and understanding of study of what are determinants to pass the Criminology

Board Examination (CLE).

The researchers thought that these literatures and studies cited will become a big help for

the interpretation of findings.

Literature

Barrera et.al. (2013) view that GPA or GWA and high English Qualifying Examination

scores on Board Examinations appears to be consistent with researches in other disciplines.

Based on the findings it emphasize the importance of academic performance of the graduates, to

be molded by the faculty, as a predictor in the examination performance. Imply that the

criminology program can use major subjects GPA and English Qualifying Examination score as

screening tools to improve the program’s performance in the CLE.

Vergara (2014), stressed that there was a significant relationship between academic

performance and licensure examination in the different subjects. A curriculum that serves as

guide to achieve the objectives of the Criminology course; and faculty members who use good

teaching strategies and who provide a more comprehensive examination, .students’ grades in

their major subjects and the Pre-review board grades are predictors in the Criminologists

Licensure Board Examination.

 (Navarro, 2012), asserted in her findings that the college admission test, nursing aptitude

test, and academic performance taken singly and as a whole were significant factors in the

students’ performance in the Nursing Board Examination. The conclusion is that academic

performance is the best predictor, underscoring the importance of the kind of education and

training the University provides to its student.

Magdaraog (2013), strongly believes that there is a positive correlation between academic

performance and qualifying examination which can be concluded that their performance in the

subject is a predictor of their performance in the subjects. Furthermore, Maghuyop (2015)

affirms that passing the board examination is dependent on the academic performance of

graduates while still in college.

Related Studies

Licensure examinations for criminologists provide a valuable framework against which

the law enforcement practice can be measured and certified. The professional license serves as

the passport to practice the professions. The board examinations are very important

examinations, as one’s career may well depend on its outcome. This of course is a worry for the

administration, faculty, reviewers and reviewees of an institution. Passing the Licensure

Examination for Criminologists bring prestige not only to the passers or to their families but also

to the school where they study. And an understanding why examinees fail the board

examinations is an excellent way of recognizing and avoiding the most common pitfalls and

traps. The reviewers, reviewees and alumni board passers differ in perspective as to what are the

factors that affect the board examination performance (Baang, 2016).

 Another study by (Adanza, 2013) from De La Salle University-Dasmariñas College of

Criminal Justice Education focused on the students’ individual grades in their major subjects, and

the Pre-board grades .The result of the study showed that grades in their major subject and Pre-

board grades were predictors of rating of the Board examination. Based on the findings, the

researchers recommend that teachers must consistently monitor the academic performance of the

students, fortify the delivery of instruction, prepare standardized examination based on the TOS

from PRC, strengthen the CLBE review, and administer comprehensive classroom examinations.

Theories and laws support that various factors might affect licensure examination

performance. Some of these factors according to several research are college academic

performance, college entrance examination performance and attendance to licensure examination

reviews. These factors, according to Shewart's Theory of Prediction, can also become predictors

of the licensure exam results and may be used to explain examinees' licensure examination score

(Sarmiento, 2017).

According to several research, college academic performance influences licensure exam

performance. Such emphasizes the importance of the delivery of the curriculum to the students,

which implies that commitment to effective and efficient instruction to facilitate students'

academic achievement should be observed among all faculty members (Alo, 2019).

Quiambao et al. (2015), found that certain factors, such as teachers educational

attainment, quality of laboratory facility, and student grade point average (GPA) contributed to

the performance of the examinees. Speaking of the students GPA, their findings further indicated

that the academic performance of the graduates had a positive relationship with the results of the

board examination.
 Chapter 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presented the research method used, research environment, respondents of

the study, data gathering and research procedure and statistical treatment of the data.

Research Method Used

This study used the data from the previous records of BS Criminology graduates gathered

from the campus registrar at the said institution for their academic performance and the used of

social media for the which given personally by the respondents. Quantitative-inferential research

design used in this study to determine the academic performance of Criminology graduates of

JRMSU-Katipunan Campus for the past school year 2016-2019 and their performance in the

Criminology Licensure Examination. The analysis of the study particularly focused on the major

academic grades of graduates, and ratings in the Criminologists Licensure Examination for year

2016-2019. Thus, employed if there is a significant relationship between the two variables as a

strong determinants in Board Examination.

Research Environment

This study was conducted in Jose Rizal Memorial State University-Katipunan Campus.

Specifically, it is one of the five campuses among the JRMSU system that offer the course of

Criminology program presented at least four (4) batches were graduated already took for the

Licensure Board Examinations. The said institution was formerly named Katipunan National

Agricultural School (KNAS) which was later on became Jose Rizal Memorial State University

(JRMSU) as one of the premiere university in Zamboanga del Norte pursuant to CMO No. 27

Series of 2000. However another law was passed which strengthened the university by the virtue

of Republic act 9852 to gain its total independence as self-governing institution. Considering
among the five campuses Jose Rizal Memorial State University-Katipunan Campus opened the

BS Criminology program in school year 2015-2016. It was then produce the first batch of

graduates on March 2016. Formerly, the BS Criminology program has not its own college and

only incorporated to the college of education and until presently it was transferred and integrated

to the college of arts and sciences where criminology students used buildings, laboratory and

facility belong to this college. Before, there is inadequacy of instruments and equipment in

practicing instrumentation of criminology students but in contrast to the result in CLBE of

pioneering graduates it showed a wonderful passing rate of 63.63% and 73.73% and not until to

the succeeding graduates which showed low passing rate which marked worries to the college

and the institution.

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of this research were the Graduates of the Bachelor of Science in

Criminology at Jose Rizal Memorial State University-Katipunan Campus who took the

Licensure Examination for Criminologist for the year 2016 to 2019 via searching their accounts

on social media and personally asked for their PRC results and the academic performance of

graduates taken from the campus registrar were used as basis in determining the data of the

respondents. Table 1 below shows the figure of respondents of the study.

Population of the Study

BATCH No. of Examinees Percent
2016
2017
2018
2019
TOTAL

The table above display the population of the study who are the Criminology graduates
that passed the CLBE from 2016 to 2019. There are 227 Criminology graduates who passed the

CLBE for the duration included in the study. Out of 227, 87 03 38 percent passed the CLE in

2009, while 90 or 40 percent passed the CLE in 2010, and only 50 or 22 percent passed in 2011.

Data Gathering and Analysis

A form or table illustrated below is a sort of tool used in getting the data on academic

performance or GPA of graduates which was prepared by the researchers. After the data gathered

by researchers through this form are subject for computation, analysis and then interpretation.

A List of Criminology Major Subjects in Six (6) Professional Areas

Major Professional Subjects
Areas of Concentration Code GPA
Subject 1-Criminal Law and Jurisprudence
Criminal Law Book 1 CLJ 31
Criminal Law Book 2 CLJ 34
Criminal Evidence CLJ 41
Criminal Procedure CLJ 32
Court Testimony CLJ 43

Subject 2-Law Enforcement Administration

Police Organization and Administration with Police Planning LEA 12
Industrial Security Management LEA 14
Police Patrol Operations with Police Communication System LEA 21
Police Intelligence LEA 41
Police Personnel and Records Management LEA 31
Comparative Police System. LEA 43

Subject 3-Crime Detection and Investigation

Fundamentals of Criminal Investigation CDI 21
Special Crime Investigation CDI 32
Organized Crime Investigation CDI 34
Drug Education and Vice Control CDI 41
Fire Technology and Arson Investigation LEA 43
Traffic Management and Accident Investigation CDI 31

Subject 4-Criminalistics
 Personal Identification Crim LTS 24
Forensic Photography Crim LTS 22
Forensic Ballistics Crim LTS 31
Questioned Document Examination Crim LTS 33
Polygraphy (Lie Detection) Crim LTS 32
Legal Medicine. Crim LTS 41

Subject 5-Correctional Administration

Institutional Corrections CA 31
Non-Institutional Corrections CA 32

Subject 6-Sociology of Crimes and Ethics

Introduction to Criminology and Psychology of Crimes Crim 11
Philippine Criminal Justice System Crim 12
Ethics and Values Crim 21
Juvenile Delinquency and Crime prevention Crim 22
Human Behavior and Crisis Management Crim 31
Criminological Research and Statistics Crim 32

The table below shows the grading system of students and graduates that corresponds to

the computation or equivalents of academic performance to arrive the graduates GPA for analysis

and interpretation. To identify the graduate’s descriptive rating on the academic performance

either it shows excellent, very good, good, fair, passed and poor on the respective major subjects.

Subject 1 Subject 2 Subject 3 Subject 4 Subject 5 Subject 6

Criminal Law Crime Criminalistics Correctional Sociology of
Law and Enforcement Detection Administration Crimes and
Jurisprudence Administration and Ethics
Investigation
Legend

JRMSU Grading System

Percentage Equivalent JRMSU Rating System Descriptive Rating
97 – 100 1.00 Excellent
94 – 96 1.25 Very Good
91 – 93 1.50 Very Good
88 – 90 1.75 Good
85 – 87 2.00 Good
 83 – 84 2.25 Fair
80 - 82 2.50 Fair
78 – 79 2.75 Passing
75 – 77 3.00 Passing
Below 75 Below 3.00 Poor

A table or matrix illustrated below is a sort of tool used in getting the graduates board

rating performance through searching accounts on social media and personally asked for their

PRC results which was prepared and through the diligence of the researchers. After the data

gathered by researchers through this matrix are subject for computation, analysis and then

interpretation.

Legend

NAME (OPTIONAL):
YEAR GRADUATED:
CURRENT EMPLOYMENT/OCCUPATION:
EXAMINATION NUMBER:
SUBJECTS RATINGS
1.CRIMINAL JURISPRUDENCE AND PROCEDURE
2.LAW ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION
3.CRIME DETECTION, INVESTIGATION AND PREVENTION
4.CRIMINALISTICS
5. CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION
6.CRIMINAL SOCIOLOGY, ETHICS AND HUMAN RELATIONS
GENERAL WEIGHTED AVERAGE RATING
REMARKS

Rating Performance Code Description

85-89 Passed G Good
80-84 Passed F Fair
75-79 Passed P Poor
<75 Failed F Failed

Data Gathering Procedure:

 For the collection of data on graduate’s results in licensure examination the successive

process below were took by the researchers in data gathering.

1. The researches prepared a letter of request signed by the research adviser addressed to

the head of alumni affairs seeking the names and personal information of criminology graduates

of JRMSU-Katipunan Campus and then proceeded to the department chair to ask the list of

passers.

2. After the researcher obtained the names of graduates and list of passers, the researcher

prepared another letter of request signed by research adviser addressed to the criminology

graduates of JRMSU-Katipunan Campus asking permission to have their respective PRC results

which send via social media or facebook.

3. After that, the researcher send a form or matrix via facebook accounts of graduates with

which the recipient can type in or encode their results in the matrix.

4. If the recipients response the researcher tallied and record the PRC results and then

subject for computation, analysis and interpretation based on the criteria listed above.

For the collection of data on graduate’s academic performance consider the successive

process below were took by the researchers in data gathering.

1. Another letter of request which was prepared by researcher and signed by the research

adviser, college dean, campus administrator and then passed to the campus registrar that sought

permission to obtained data on graduates academic performance or GPA.

2. Upon the permission of campus registrar by the assist of its crew, the researcher tallied the

GPA and record on the form or matrix and keep properly for confidentiality.

3. After the researcher tallied and record the GPA it was then subject for computation,

analysis and interpretation based on the criteria listed above.