CLASS-7

CHEMISTRY
 DISSOCIATION OF FEW ACIDS

DISSOCIATION OF FEW BASES

Citric acid(C₆H₈O₇). Citric acid is a weak organic acid found in citrus fruits

Ascorbic Acid is a natural water-soluble vitamin (Vitamin C) (C6H8O6) in orange juice

The acid present in Tamarind and grapes is tartaric acid
The acids present in tomatoes are as follows-
Citric Acid, Malic Acid, Ascorbic Acid, oxalic acid
USES OF ACIDS

1. SULPHURIC ACID(H2SO4):
It is known as king of chemicals and also called as oil of vitriol
It is used in lead storage batteries
It is used in manufacturing of HCl , drugs, fertilizers. Explosives etc

2. HYDROCHLORIC ACID (HCl):

It is used in textile industries as bleaching agent
It is used in making aqua regia, a mixture of concentrated hydrochloric acid and nitric acid
(3:1 volume ratio respectively) which dissolves metals like gold and platinum. It is also
Called as Royal water.
3. NITRIC ACID (HNO3):

It is used in manufacture of fertilizers and explosives

It is also used in making drugs, dyes and paints

4. ACETIC ACID(C2H4O2):

In the form of vinegar as a flavouring agent of certain food

To preserve many foods like onion and beetroot by soaking them in it

Oxyacids

An oxyacid dissociates in water to form the H+ cation and the anion of the acid.
An oxyacid has the general structure X-O-H. Examples: Sulfuric acid (H 2SO4),
phosphoric acid (H3PO4), and nitric acid (HNO3) are all oxyacids

Hydracid
An acid that does not contain any oxygen as opposite to an oxyacid; they are all
binary compounds of hydrogen and a halogen are called as hydracids or binary
acids
Ex : HF, HCl , HBr, HI
+ H2
 ALKALI

An alkali can be defined as a base that dissolves in water

LiOH - lithium hydroxide.
NaOH - sodium hydroxide.
KOH - potassium hydroxide.
RbOH - rubidium hydroxide.
CsOH - cesium hydroxide
NH4OH – ammonium hydroxide

An alkaline substance is defined as a base that does not dissolve in water

Double salt
A salt that contains more than one cation or more than one anion. Ex:

The mineral dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2),

Potash alum K2SO4. Al2(SO4)3.24 H2O

A complex salt

A salt that contains one or more complex ions—ions with metal

centers and different molecules attached

SAL
T
 [Cu,Mg,Fe,Mn,Co,Ni]S
Black vitriol a mixture
O4·7H2O

Blue vitriol/Vitriol of
copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate CuSO4·5H2O
Cyprus

Green vitriol/Copperas iron(II) sulfate heptahydrate FeSO4·7H2O

Oil of vitriol sulfuric acid H2SO4

Red vitriol cobalt(II) sulfate heptahydrate CoSO4·7H2O

Roman vitriol copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate CuSO4·5H2O

Spirit of vitriol sulfuric acid H2SO4

Sweet oil of vitriol diethyl ether not a sulfate CH3-CH2-O-CH2-CH3

Vitriol of argile/Vitriol of
aluminium sulfate alum Al2(SO4)3
clay

Vitriol of Mars iron(III) sulfate Ferric sulfate Fe2(SO4)3

White vitriol zinc sulfate heptahydrate ZnSO4·7H2O

 Mg(OH)2 IS MILK OF MAGNESIA

H2CO2 IS FORMIC ACID

ZnCO3 IS ZINC CARBONATE NaHCO3 IS SODIUM BICARBONATE

CaO IS CALCIUM OXIDE OR QUICK LIME

Ca(OH)2 IS CALCIUM HYDROXIDE OR SLAKED LIME
C3H6O3 LACTIC ACID NaHCO3 IS SODIUM BICARBONATE OR BAKING SODA
THANKYOU