BIOGRAPHY

Jacques Philippe Marie Binet (French: [binɛ]; 2 February 1786 – 12 May 1856) was a French
mathematician, physicist and astronomer born in Rennes; he died in Paris, France, in 1856. He
made significant contributions to number theory, and the mathematical foundations of matrix
algebra which would later lead to important contributions by Cayley and others. In his memoir
on the theory of the conjugate axis and of the moment of inertia of bodies he enumerated the
principle now known as Binet's theorem. He is also recognized as the first to describe the rule for
multiplying matrices in 1812, and Binet's Formula expressing Fibonacci numbers in closed form
is named in his honour, although the same result was known to Abraham de Moivre a century
earlier.

Career
Binet graduated from l'École Polytechnique in 1806 and returned as a teacher in 1807. He
advanced in position until 1816 when he became an inspector of studies at l'École. He held this
post until 13 November 1830, when he was dismissed by the recently crowned King Louis-
Philippe of France, probably because of Binet's strong support of the previous King, Charles X.
In 1823 Binet succeeded Delambre in the chair of astronomy at the Collège de France.[1] He was
made a Chevalier in the Légion d'Honneur in 1821 and was elected to the Académie des Sciences
in 1843.

Binet published his first two papers in the journal Correspondence sur l'École
Polytechnique in 1809 and 1810. He was assisted in this by Hachette who was the editor of the
journal. Binet's first paper Des trois axes rectangulaires des surfaces du second degré, qui ont
un centre appears in the Correspondence with a heading that gives M Binet as the author while
in the index the paper is attributed to J P M Binet. However, although the paper gives the proof
of a theorem as stated and proved by J P M Binet, the paper itself was written by Jean Nicolas
Pierre Hachette, the editor of the Correspondence sur l'École Polytechnique. In the introduction
to the paper when it states that the paper gives an improvement on a theorem in the
author's 1801 Mémoire it is referring to a Mémoire written by Hachette. Binet's second
paper Proposition de géométrie Ⓣ appears in the Correspondence without any author in its
heading and the paper not listed in the index. However, it also was written by Hachette who
states that the paper consists of a theorem as stated and proved by J P M Binet.
Binet, Jacques Philippe Marie, was a French mathematician, physicist, and astronomer who was
born in Rennes and died in Paris in 1856. He was educated first at Rennes. He entered the École
Polytechnique in Paris on 22 November 1804 within the identical class as Augustin Jean Fresnel.
After graduating in 1806, he was appointed as student engineer at Department of Bridges and
Roads of the French government, but he wanted to create a career as a teacher.

Jacques Binet became an educator at Ecole Polytecnique in 1807, one year later, he was
appointed as a répétiteur to assist the professor of applied analysis and geometry. Binet published
his first two papers within the journal Correspondance sur l'École Polytechnique in 1809 and
1810. Binet's first paper Des’s trois axes rectangulaires des surfaces du second degré, qui ont un
centre appears within the Correspondance with a heading that has M Binet because the author
while within the index the paper is attributed to J P M Binet.

Binet became a member of the Société philomathique on 14 March 1812. Binet submitted his
memoir Sur l'expression analytique de l'élasticité et de la raideur des courbes à double courbure
to be considered for publication. it absolutely was assigned to Lazare Carnot and Gaspard de
Prony who were asked to report on it.

In 1820 Binet had married Marie Eléonore Ménard Dubourg. that they had a son Paul Jacques
Binet. In 1825 François Arago, who was professor of applied analysis, and Binet, who was
inspector of studies, wrote a joint letter during which they complained about the dearth of
information of practical mathematics attained by Cauchy's students. Binet made significant
contributions to number theory, and also the mathematical foundations of algebra. In his writings
on the speculation of the conjugate axis and also the inertia of bodies, he enumerated the
principle known now as Binet’s theorem. he's also referred to as the primary to explain the rule
for multiplying matrices in 1812.

Binet, Jacques Philippe Marie,

Jacques Philippe Marie Binet was a mathematician, physicist, and astronomer from France. Binet was a
man of modest manner and a devout Catholic. Jacques Binet was a pioneer in the field of matrix. He was
awarded two medals and a prize for architecture. He spent several years in Italy, returned to Paris where
he was involved in the design of the School of Medicine, and then went to Rennes where he was
involved in many projects including the cathedral. He made significant contributions to number theory
and the mathematical foundations of matrix algebra; He discovered the familiar rule for matrix
multiplication. which paved the way for Cayley and others to make significant contributions later.