Towards a Smart World Class City
Case: Building Bandung ICT Master Plan
Wikan Danar Sunindyo, Saiful Akbar
Data and Software Engineering Research Group, School of
Electrical Engineering and Informatics
Bandung Institute of Technology
Labtek V 2nd floor, Ganesha 10 Bandung, Indonesia
{wikan, saiful} @informatika.org
Abstract—Information and communication technology
(ICT) has become a very important tool to support
organization activities to reach its goal, including in the
city government. Currently, the Bandung city government
has implemented and used several ICT in its daily
activities. However, there is still not enough coordination
and integration between each governmental unit that
makes the works is not efficient. This paper explains the
efforts to make an ICT master plan as an umbrella for
ICT development in Bandung. We expect that the result of
this work can bring Bandung to become a smart world
class city.
Keywords—smart city, world class city, ICT master plan
I. INTRODUCTION
Information and communication technology has become an
important need to support organizations to do their activities
and reach their aims, including governmental organizations,
i.e., the opportunity to increase the bureaucracy and services
quality to the people.
According Law No 11/2008, the utilization of Information
technology and electronic transaction is aiming at
a. to make the people smarter as a part of the world
information society
b. to improve national trade and economy to increase the
public welfare
c. to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of public
services
d. to open wider opportunity to the people to enhance
their thoughts and abilities in the utilization of
information technology, and
e. to give secure feeling, justice and law enforcement to
the information technology users and other
stakeholders
The utilization of information technologies in the city
management can increase the efficiency and effectiveness of
the organization to run its business, in the form of information
Mohammad Iqbal
Skha Consulting
Jl. Pangeran Antasari No 1 Cilandak
South Jakarta, Indonesia
mohammad_iqbal@live.com
management. The using of information and telecommunication
media can improve the ability to process, manage, and
distribute information internally (inside governmental
organization) and externally (for public purposes).
The utilization of information and communication
technologies can also improve transparency and accountability
of the organization. The good governance concept
implementation should be start from managing systems and
integrated work processes and also administration
modernization to apply telecommunication, multimedia, and
information devices that can support the main goal, which is to
improve the public services. In the end, the information
technology implementation to the governmental organization
systems can support the directions and decisions making of the
organization.
We identify some major challenges in Information and
Communication Technology (ICT) implementation in Bandung
Municipality Governmental processes, namely
a. Lack of connections between different information
systems build by different governmental units
b. Lack of human resources for technical and supporting
staffs
c. Lack of ICT development direction
d. Lack of project specification details
e. The developed ICT end-products are non-functional
and non-operational
To answer these challenges, the Bandung Municipality
government needs an ICT master plan document as a general
reference and guidance for ICT implementation and
development of the city. This master plan document is
expected to give strategy and direction for short, medium and
long terms for all stakeholders to develop ICT together. The
synergy and cooperation between Bandung ICT stakeholders is
expected to promote Bandung as a smart world class city [1],
[2].
 II. RELATED WORKS
This section discusses definition of information and
communication technology and related works on principles and
critical success factors of building ICT master plan.
A. Information and Communication Technology
Information and communication technology (ICT) is a big
umbrella of terminology used for covering all technical devices
to process and convey information.
ICT includes two different aspects, namely information
technology and communication technology. Information
technology covers all about how to process information, the
utility of information as a tool, and how to manipulate and
manage information, while communication technology
involves all about how to use tools to process and transfer data
from one device to others. That’s why we can’t separate those
two concepts [3].
B. ICT Development Principles
Development and implementation of ICT in the
government are based on these principles [4].
1) Synergy Principle
The development and implementation of information
technology should be able to integrate all available information
in the government effectively to support decision making
process. The standardization of data and information between
institutions is required to support this synergy principle.
2) Human Resources Quality Improvement Principle
The development and implementation of information
technology should be able to strengthen and improve human
resources quality, internally and externally.
3) Utility Principle
The development and implementation of information
technology should become more efficient, economical, and
effective. The system should be able to deliver information
faster, more accurate and on time so it can be used for decision
making.
4) Security and Reliability Principle
The reliability of information technology development and
implementation should be guaranteed, such that it can be used
anytime. The security and confidentiality of the data should
follow the rules and regulations.
5) Legality Principle
The development and implementation of information
technology should obey the law, i.e. respect the intellectual
property right, including copyrights and other rights that are
protected by the laws.
6) Equality of Access Rights Principle
The development and implementation of information
technology should guarantee and provide the equality of access
rights to governmental information which is open to the public.
This principle is intended to avoid digital gaps in certain
regions or society.
7) Flexibility Principle
The development and implementation of information
technology should be done in modular and incremental way to
guarantee the flexibility of the systems to adapt internal and
external changes.
8) Open Systems, Open Source and Legal Software
Principle
The development and implementation of information
technology is using open system standard, such that it can
integrate different technologies efficiently. The government is
expected to use open source application to increase efficiency,
economic value to investment, and avoid absolute dependency
to certain companies and support IGOS (Indonesia, Go Open
Source) movement. If the government uses proprietary
applications, it should consider legality aspects.
C. Critical Success Factors
These items are critical factors to develop and implement
ICT successfully in the government [4].
1) Commitment and leadership
Commitment from all governmental levels, especially at the
leadership level is an important factor to determine a successful
development and implementation of information technology in
the governmental sector. The highest level of each
departmental unit should has a leadership ability and has a
suitable insight about information technology utilization in
his/her unit. All of the governmental unit heads should be
ready to be locomotives for information technology
development.
This commitment development is done by using continuous
socialization program to all levels, internally and externally.
Commitment about information technology development
should be owned by legislative members as representatives of
local communities.
Commitment to information technology implementation
from executive and legislative parties should be based on
consideration to create more efficient governance and is
realized by giving prioritization on its development.
2) Human Resources Quality Improvement
It should be considered that information technology is only
a tool that cannot create any change without any support from
human resources and enough work culture to run that tool.
Human Resources quality improvement is done by
following formal and informal education internally and
externally [5]. The local human resources quality improvement
and its utilization should be maximized to improve the
successful rate of information technology implementation in
the local government.
3) The changing of work process and culture
The function of information technology in the local
government is not only as a supporting factor, but also a driver
of change to make the governmental process more efficient in
every aspect.
To reach this aim, a fundamental change should be
enforced which involves work process and culture changes
especially in the governmental staffs.
 These work process and culture changes should be oriented III. RESEARCH ISSUES
to efficiency and public service quality improvement as the
main customer as well as the stakeholders of the government.
The research issues are defined as follows.
All personnel in each governmental level should be able to
a. What are the ICT infrastructures needed to support
adapt to work process and cultural change and improvement.
programs and strategies in each development sector of
The higher adaptability of the staffs is one of the success key
the city government?
factors of development and implementation of information
technology in the government. b. What are the programs and strategies to develop ICT in
each sector for short, medium and long terms to
4) Expectation management and transparency support the efforts towards a smart world class city
Since the people expectation on the implementation of [6]?
information technology in the government is very high, the
government needs some efforts to manage those expectation c. What are the contributions of the stakeholders?
levels. The explanation of information technology development
d. How to implement the master plan of ICT
and implementation plans and their phases should be done
development?
carefully, transparently and continuously to gain a good level
of public understanding.
IV. PROPOSED APPROACH
Since the community is the stakeholders as well as the The proposed approach for building ICT master plan for
customers of the government, the failure to manage the people Bandung is divided into three phases. The first phase is
expectation could raise fatal consequences on the development identification of ICT development in Bandung. The second
and implementation of information technology in the phase is gap identification of ICT development in Bandung.
government. The third phase is ICT development strategic planning and its
5) Financial aspect implementation roadmap composition. These activities phases
The availability of sufficient financial aspect is one of key are illustrated as follows [7].
elements that could support the success of information
technology development and implementation in the A. Phase I
government. The financial provision in the government should In the first phase, we will conduct descriptive analysis and
follow priority level of activities, such that it needs secondary data analysis by analyzing ICT development
commitments from executive and legislative parties to support parameters, namely E-Government parameters, E-Education
information technology development and implementation. parameters, ICT infrastructure parameters and ICT industry
parameters. From this analysis result, we will define Bandung
ICT vision and standard development.

Figure 1. Activity Phases to Build Bandung ICT Master Plan

B. Phase II
In the second phase, we will conduct descriptive analysis
and secondary data analysis about existing data of Bandung as
well as primary data analysis based on interview and Forum
Group Discussion (FGD) results which are followed by all
stakeholders in the governmental units. The potential and
problems analysis from primary and secondary data analysis
can be explained by using Issue Tree (Logic Tree) model that
maps all challenges in MECE (Mutually Exclusive,
Collectively Exhaustive) way.
In this phase, we will also conduct existing concept and
development plan analysis (e.g., Bandung Long Term
Development Plan Document, Smart City Concept) by using
different literature studies and then evaluate their effectiveness
of targets achievement and their impacts to Bandung existing
conditions. From this existing condition analysis, we can obtain
what are the development gaps. The comparison results
between the existing conditions and ICT development vision
and standard will become a foundation to build Bandung ICT
development strategy.
C. Phase III
After identifying Bandung ICT development gaps, we will
compose ICT development strategy. This strategy composition
is using SWOT method to formulate the target oriented
strategy. From the strategy, then we derive several technical
design of development requirement. In this phase, we will also
compose implementation roadmap to facilitate the involved
stakeholders to collaborate to solve the problems and support
ICT development for longer term. We also suggest the testing
plan to compare between the plan and its implementation.
Figure 2. Main Components of Bandung ICT Master Plan
V. EXPECTED RESULTS
From the proposed approach in previous section, we expect
some documents as results of those activities, namely
1. Bandung ICT development policy direction, which
consists of vision, mission, success factors and ICT
positioning in Bandung development planning. This
document will guide the direction of ICT development
to support Bandung development in general.
2. ICT development strategic planning, which consists of
short term priority program, middle term priority
program and long term priority program. This
document includes supporting strategy, i.e., regulation
framework, institution regulation, financial aspects,
and infrastructure aspects.
3. ICT development operational plan for Bandung
government. This document will be reference for
internal ICT development program, e.g., hardware and
software procurement and internal information system
development plan.
In general, Bandung ICT Master Plan should follow the
province and national ICT master plan as illustrated in figure 2.
VI. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
The work of Bandung ICT Master Plan is still on progress.
We expect this work can be finished on time and its result can
give a great impact on ICT development and city development
that can bring Bandung toward a smart world class city
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Thanks to development team from Skha Consulting, LPPM
ITB and Empowering IF for supporting data and information
for this paper.
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