Probability

● A collection of one or more outcomes of an experiment is called Event (or) Any subset
of a sample space.
● A single event that is performed to determine the outcome is called a trial.
● All possible trials that constitute a well-defined set of possible outcomes are collectively
called an experiment/sample space.
● Probability is the measure of the likelihood of an event to occur. Events can’t be
predicted with certainty but can be expressed as to how likely it can occur using the idea
of probability.
● Probability of an event lies in between 0 and 1 (both are inclusive). I.e., 0 ≤ P(E) ≤ 1
● Impossible Event probability is 0 and Sure event probability is 1.
● The maximum probability of an event of a trial is 1
● A number between 0 and 1 that is used to measure uncertainty is called Probability
● The empirical probability of an event that may happen is given by:
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
● Probability of event to happen P(E)= 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠

● An event associated with a random experiment denoted by (not E) which happens only
when E does not happen is called the complement of event E.
P(not E) = 1− P(E)
● Sum of the probabilities of all the elementary events of an experiment is 1.
P(E1) +P(E2)+P(E3)+.............+P(En)=1
● Pack of 52 cards:
○ 52 cards are divided into 4 suits of 13 cards each. The suits are: Spade, Hearts,
Diamonds and clubs
○ Out of 52 cards, 26 are red in colour and 26 are black in colour.
○ King, Queen and Jack are called Face cards.
 Probability

52 Cards (4 suits of 13 cards each)

Suit Name

Cards in each A A A A
suit 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9
10 10 10 10
J J J J
Q Q Q Q
K K K K

Face cards J J J J
Q Q Q Q
K K K K
 Probability

MCQ’s

1.

4
 Probability

6. In the above question:

Answers:
1. D
2. C
3. C
4. C
5. C
6. d