Benghazi University

Faculty of Engineering

Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Department

Power System Protection & Control Lab.

EE486

Experiment Number (3)

Experiment Name: current transformer CT

Students Name : Mohamed atia makhzuom

Students Number : ) 24680 (

Group Number : (2)

Instructors : Dr. Sulaiman Elsaid & Mr. Zakariya Rajab

 Current Transformer

OBJECTIVES:
2.To obtain magnetizing curve of the CT core.
3. To check the polarity markings.

Apparatuses Required:
Ac variable voltage source, CT, Ammeters, DC- Voltage Source (Battery) .

a) Magnetizing Curve of The CT Core:

Following secondary injection test, Connect the circuit shown in the fig. 2 the
primary terminals of the CT should be open circuit during the test.

Figure 2: Testing current Transformer Magnetizing Curve

Fill the following table

Table 1 Secondary current and voltage relationship
 Secondary Current (mA) Secondary Voltage (Vo)

5000 44

4000 43

3500 42.5

3000 42

2500 42

2000 41.9

1500 41

1000 40

Plot the magnetization characteristic of the core and from which find the
Following:

magnetization characteristic
4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000
40.5

41
Secondary Voltage (Vo)

41.5

42

42.5

43

43.5

44

44.5
Secondary Current (mA)

Figure 1magnetization characteristic

a) Knee point voltage and current and compare it with the calculated one?

KNEE POINT Vo Im ∆i%

 Measured 42V 2500mA 0.7
Calculation 36.5V 220mA 0.43

b) Average magnetizing core reactance in the saturation region?

 R2 =0.13 Ω

c) Measure the resistance of the CT secondary winding?

∆V (41.9−40)V
 = = 1.9 Ω
∆ I (2000−1000) mA

d) Plot the simplified equivalent circuit of the CT?

V
V

Preliminary Work:

1. What are the types of the CTs used in the power system?
 Low reactance type .
 High reactance type .

2. Explain what are the physical meaning of the following quantity ?

a. R2
 Secondary winding resistance it explain the losses at secondary .

b. Magnetizing core reactance

 The core magnetizing because it’s mad from ferro magntic material ,and it’s explain the leakage flux.

c. X2


d. R-Burden
 It’s the load measurement device .

3. What CTs are used for?

  Protection and measurement .

4. What are the criteria for selecting CTs?

 Rated current and nominal burden and the desired use .

Conclusion :

The polarity marks on a CT designate the relative instantaneous directions of the currents. The polarity test proves
that the predicted direction of secondary CT current (leaving) is correct for a given direction of primary current
(entering).

Taking care to observe proper polarity is important when installing and connecting current transformer to power
metering and protective relays. At the same instant of time, that the primary current is entering the primary terminal
the corresponding secondary current should be leaving the similarly marked secondary terminal.

A CT under test is assumed to have correct polarity if instantaneous current direction for primary and secondary
current is opposite to each other. CT Polarity is critical when CT's are being used together in single-phase or three-
phase applications.
Excitation tests are performed by applying an AC voltage to the secondary winding of the CT and increasing
the voltage in steps until the CT is in saturation. The "Knee" point is determined by observing a small voltage
increase causing a large increase in current.

The test voltage is slowly decreased to zero to de‐magnetize the CT. The test results are plotted on a logarithmic
(log‐log) graph and evaluated based on the transition period between normal operation and saturation.
The DC winding resistance measurement is an important measurement in accessing the true condition, state and
accuracy of a CT. Winding resistance in a CT will change over a period of time depending on the specimen age, use,
external conditions and loading effect.

It is recommended to measure DC winding resistance periodically on a single tap or multi tap CT and trend the
values. A high precision low resistance measurement circuit is required to obtain this small winding resistance

The winding resistance of a current transformer is found by dividing the voltage drop across the winding (measured
from dc milli voltmeter) with the applied dc current through the winding. The CT should be demagnetized after the
completion of winding resistance test.
The burden of a current transformer can be defined as the total impedance in ohms on the secondary
output terminals. The total burden is a combination of impedance offered by watt-hour meter coils, relay current
coils, contact resistance, terminal blocks, wire resistance and test switches used in the secondary loop.