Interconnected Power Systems: Assignment

TUTORIAL: 3

LOAD FLOW STUDIES

1. Derive static load flow equations. Hence explain classification of buses.
2. Discuss the algorithm of load flow solution using Newton–Raphson method for all
type of buses.
3. Explain Gauss-Siedel method containing all type of buses, for load flow study.
4. Compare GS and NR method of load flow.
OR
Discuss advantages and limitations of Gauss-Siedel and Newton–Raphson
methods. Of the two, which method is generally preferred for solving load flow
problem?
5. Give reasons: (i) One of the buses is taken as slack bus in load flow studies. (ii) An
acceleration factor is commonly used in load flow studies using GS method.
6. Write Short note: Fast Decoupled Load Flow method.
7. Figure 1 shows the one line diagram of simple three bus power system with
generator at buses 1 & 3. The magnitude of voltage at bus 1 is adjusted to 1.05
pu. Voltage magnitude at bus 3 is fixed at 1.04 pu with real power generation of
200 MW. A load consisting of 400 MW and 250 MVAr is taken from bus 2. Line
impedances are marked in pu on 100 MVA base, and line charging susceptances
are neglected. Obtain Gauss-Siedel power flow solution for two iteration.
 Interconnected Power Systems: Assignment

Figure 1
8. The following is the system data for a load flow solution
Bus code Admittance
1–2 2 – j8
1–3 1 – j4
2–3 0.666 – j2.664
2–4 1 – j4
3–4 2 – j8

Bus Pg Qg Pd Qd Bus voltage

1 ? ? 0 0 1.06
2 0 0 0.5 0.2 ? (PQ)
3 0 0 0.4 0.3 ? (PQ)
4 0 0 0.3 0.1 ? (PQ)

Find the bus voltages V2 and V3 at the end of first iteration using GS method. Use
acceleration factor α = 1.6.
9. The load flow data for the power system are given below. The voltage magnitude at bus 2
is maintained at 1.04 pu. The maximum and minimum reactive power limits of the
 Interconnected Power Systems: Assignment

generator at bus 2 are 0.35 and 0 pu respectively. Determine the set of Load flow
equation at the end of first iteration by using Newton Raphson method.

Bus code Impedance Admittance

1-2 0.08+j 0.24 0
1-3 0.02+j 0.06 0
2-3 0.06+j 0.18 0

Bus code Assumed Generation Load

Voltages
MW MVAR MW MVAR
1 1.06 +j0 0 0 0 0
2 1.0 +j0 0.2 0 0 0
3 1.0 +j0 0 0 0.6 0.25

10. For the system shown in Fig. the generators are connected at all four buses, while loads
are at buses 2 and 3. Assuming a flat voltage profile, find voltage and bus angles at three
buses at the end of the first GS iteration.

Bus Pp Qp Vp Remarks
1 ---- ---- 1.04 <0 Slack
2 0.5 -0.2 ---- PQ bus
3 -1.0 0.5 ---- PQ bus
4 0.3 -0.1 ---- PQ bus

1 2

3 4