Sets and Venn Diagrams

Vocabulary:
Sets- Group of well-distinct objects
Elements- objects in a Set. ∈ is the symbol used if object is an element of a set and ∉ if not.
Cardinality-number of elements in a set. The cardinality is represented as n(A).

Notations
Sets are usually designated with
CAPITAL LETTERS.
 Elements of a set are usually
designated with lower case
letters.
 Use braces {} and commas (,) to
separate the elements.
 The number of elements of a set
is referred to as its cardinality.
𝐧𝐀
 If x is an element of the set A,
we write this as x  A. x ∉ A
means x is not an element of A.

Ways to represent a set

Roster Method-set is represented by listing all elements.
Ex.
First five letters of the alphabet
A={a,b,c,d,e}
Rule Method- set is defined by stating all of the properties of its elements.
Rule method has a certain way of being written {variable|Descriptive whatever}
Ex.
A={x|x_____________}
A is the set of all x’s such that x is blank
Kinds Of sets
Equal sets- two sets that have the same elements
Ex.
A={c,a,r} B={a,r,c} A=B
Equivalent Sets- Two sets that have the same cardinality
Ex.
A={m,a,t,h} B={1,2,3,4}
Note: All equal sets are equivalent but not all equivalent
sets are equal.
Null/Empty sets=A set that has no elements
Finite set= has a definite amount
Ex.
A=number of teachers in DLA
Infinite set- set has no ending
Ex.
A=Counting numbers
Joint Sets=Sets that have atleast one same element
Ex.
A={1,2,3,4} B={1,7,8,9}
Disjoint Sets=Sets without any common elements
Unit sets= sets with only one element
Ex.
A={1}
Universal sets= complete set of objects that are under consideration. Universal set is represented as “U”
Ex.
U={ELEMENTS}
Subset- IF A is a subset of B its written as A ⊆ B only if every element of a is also in B
Ex.
A={1,2,3,4} B={1,2,3,4,5,6}
A⊆B
Proper subset- Set A is a proper subset of set B, written
as A ⊂ B, if and only if every element of
set A is an element of set B and if there is
at least one element in B not contained in
A.
Ex.
A={1,2,3,4,} B={1,2,3,4,5} AT LEAST ONE ELEMENT
Set Operation
Union sets- is the set of elements that are both members of A, or B, or Both. It is symbolized as ∪
Hints.
Or
Intersecting Sets-is the set containing the common elements of two sets It is symbolized as ∩
Hint.
And
Difference of set- Taking away the elements that are present in both set A and B??? Symbolized as “-”
Hint.
Difference
Complement set- Is symbolized as A’. Basically Difference of set but for The Universal set
Hint
‘

Venn diagram
U-universal set
A B
Variables Variables

Comm
on

Venn diagram-
Founder- John Venn was found on 1880.
Union of sets-
Ex

Intersection of set
Ex.

Difference of set
Ex. B-A

Complement of set
Ex.A’