MATHEMATICAL

LANGUAGE AND SYMBOL

THE LANGUAGE OF SETS
Katelyn D. Escalante
Gned 03 - Instructor
 SETS
A set is a well–de ned collection of distinct objects.
• It usually represented by capital letters.
• The object of set are separated by a commas.
• The objects that belong in a set are the elements, or
members of the set.
• It can be represented by listing its element between
braces.
 SETS
• A set is said to be well-de ned if the elements in a set are
speci cally listed.
Examples:
A ={a, e, I, o, u}
B = { set of plane gures)
C = { Ca, Au, Ag)
 NOTATION
•
 USING THE SET –ROSTER NOTATION
• Also known as Roster / Tabular Method
• A set may be speci ed using the set-roster notation by writing all elements
between braces.
Example
1. Let A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {3, 1, 2}. What are the element of A and B? How are the
two elements related?
2. Is {0} = 0?
 USING THE SET –ROSTER NOTATION
•
 CARTESIAN SETS OF NUMBERS
Some important sets are the following:
1. N = { 1, 2, 3, …} = the set of natural numbers
2. W = { 0, 1, 2, 3, …} = the set of whole numbers
3. Z = { -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, …} = the set of integers
4. Q = the set of rational numbers (terminating or repeating decimals).
5. Q’ = the set of irrational numbers (non-terminating, non repeating
decimals).
6. R = the set of real numbers.
7. C = the set of complex numbers
 SET –BUILDER NOTATION
•
 USING THE SET-BUILDER NOTATION
•
 TYPE OF SETS
1. A set is Finite if the number of element is countable
EXAMPLES:
A = {even numbers less than 10 )
B = {days in a week)
2. A set is in nite if the numbers of elements cannot be counted
EXAMPLES:
A = {even numbers greater than 20 )
B = {odds number)
 TYPE OF SETS
•
 RELATION BETWEEN SETS
• Equals sets are set with exactly the same elements and cardinality.
Example:
A ={c, a, r, e}
B = {r, a, c, e}
• Equivalent sets are set with the same number of elements or cardinality
Example:
A = {a, e, I, o, u}
B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
 RELATION BETWEEN SETS
Joint Sets are set with common elements (intersection)
Example:
A = {c, a, r, e}
B = {b, e, a, r, s}
Disjoint Sets are set with no common elements.
Example:
The set A = { a, b, c} and B = {e, f , g} are disjoint sets, since no element is
common.
 SUBSETS
•
 SUBSETS
Proper Subset
- Let A and B be sets, A is a proper subset of B, if, and only if, every element of
B is in B but there is at least one element of B that is not in A.
Improper Subset
- Let A and B be sets, A is a improper subset of B, if all the element of B is on
A.
 EXAMPLES:
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 EXAMPLES:
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