‫ﻴ ِﺔ‬ِ‫ َﻐ ِﺔ اْﻝ َﻌ َرﺒ‬‫اﻻﺴ ُم ِﻓﻲ اﻝﻠ‬

ْ
NOUNS IN ARABIC

The Arabic word can be: A noun, a verb or a particle.

Particle ‫ف‬
ٌ ‫َﺤ ْر‬ Verb ‫ِﻓ ْﻌ ٌل‬ Noun ‫ِا ْﺴ ٌم‬
Preposition :‫ر‬ ‫ف َﺠ‬
ُ ‫َﺤ ْر‬ ِ ‫ا ْﻝ ِﻔﻌ ُل اﻝﻤ‬
‫ﺎﻀﻲ‬ ٌ ‫إِ ْﻨ‬
‫ﺴﺎن‬
..‫ إﻝﻰ‬،‫ َﻋﻠﻰ‬،‫ِﻓﻲ‬
Past tense
َ ْ Human

‫ف‬
ُ ‫َح َ◌ ْر‬
Conjunction
ِ ‫ا ْﻝ ِﻔ ْﻌ ُل ا ْﻝ ُﻤ‬
Present
،‫ أو‬،‫ و‬:‫ف‬ ٍ ‫ط‬ْ ‫َﻋ‬ ُ‫ﻀﺎرع‬ Animal ‫ان‬
ٌ ‫َﺤَﻴو‬
tense
..‫ ﻓـ‬،‫م‬ُ‫ﺜ‬

‫ِﻓ ْﻌ ُل اﻷ َْﻤ ِر‬

Negation
‫ ﻻ‬:‫ف َﻨ ْﻔ ٍﻲ‬
ُ ‫َﺤ ْر‬ Command Solid ‫ﺎد‬
ٌ ‫َﺠ َﻤ‬
Calling Particle ٍ ِ‫ف ﻨ‬
‫ ﻴﺎ‬:‫داء‬ ُ ‫َﺤ ْر‬ Plant ‫ﺎت‬
ٌ ‫َﻨَﺒ‬
Etc. Place ‫ﺎن‬
ٌ ‫َﻤ َﻜ‬
Time ‫ﺎن‬
ٌ ‫َزَﻤ‬
Adjective ِ
ٌ‫ﺼﻔَﺔ‬

‫ﻴر‬ ِ
Pronoun ٌ ‫ﻀﻤ‬ َ
‫ﺸﺎرٍة‬ ِ ْ
Demons-
trative َ ‫اﺴ ُم إ‬
Relative
Pronoun
‫ﺼو ٌل‬
ُ ‫اﺴ ٌم َﻤ ْو‬
ْ
Etc.

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How to recognize a noun?

1- It can have Tanween ٌ ‫) َوﻝَ ٌد( ﺘَْﻨ ِو‬

‫ﻴن‬
2- It can have ‫ ال‬of definition ‫ﻴف‬ ِ ‫ﻌ ِر‬‫)اْﻝوﻝَ ُد( ال اﻝﺘ‬
ْ َ
3- It can have a calling particle ‫ف ﻨِداء‬ ُ ‫ َﺤ ْر‬before (‫ﻤ ُد‬ ‫)َﻴﺎ ُﻤ َﺤ‬
4- It can have a preposition ‫ر‬ ‫ﺠ‬ َ ‫ف‬ ُ ‫ َﺤ ْر‬before (‫) ِﻓﻲ اْﻝَﺒ ْﻴ ِت‬
5- It can show possession ‫ﺎف إِﻝَ ْﻴ ِﻪ‬
ٌ ‫ﻀ‬ ِ ُ ‫ ﺒ ْﻴ‬،‫ﻤ ٍد‬ ‫ت ﻤﺤ‬
َ ‫ت اْﻝ َوﻝَد( ُﻤ‬ َ َ ُ ُ ‫)َﺒ ْﻴ‬
*In Arabic possession is expressed - in most cases - by a noun without ‫ت( ال‬
ُ ‫)َﺒ ْﻴ‬
(the thing possessed/owned) followed by another noun that has ‫)اْﻝ َوﻝَ ِد( ال‬ or a

proper name (‫ﻤ ٍد‬ ‫ﺤ‬

َ ‫( )ﻤ‬The possessor/owner). In few cases the possessor
ُ
comes indefinite.
6- It can have ٌ‫ﻤ ْرُﺒوطﺔ‬
َ ‫ﺘﺎء‬
ٌ (ٌ‫) ُﻏ ْرﻓَﺔ‬
7- We can give information ‫ﺨ َﺒٌر‬ ُ ‫)اْﻝﺒِْﻨ‬
َ about it (ٌ‫ت َﺠﻤﻴﻠَﺔ‬

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 The types of nouns

1- Definite or indefinite
‫َﻤ ْﻌ ِرﻓَ ٌﺔ‬ Indefinite ٌ‫َﻨ ِﻜرة‬
Definite
َ
When the noun is specific. When the noun is

ٌ ‫ﺒِْﻨ‬
‫ت‬
Examples of the most common types of nouns:
not specific:

1- Proper noun ‫اْﻝ َﻌﻠَ ُم‬: ‫ﻤ ٌد‬ ‫ُﻤ َﺤ‬

‫ ال‬of definition: ‫ﺎب‬ ِ
2- The nouns starting with ُ َ‫اْﻝﻜﺘ‬
3- The noun added to a definite noun to give
meaning of possession ‫ﺎﻝِ ِب‬‫ﺎب اﻝط‬ ِ
ُ َ‫( ﻜﺘ‬The book of the
student) the word ‫ﺎب‬ ِ
ُ َ‫ ﻜﺘ‬here is definite because it is
followed by a definite possessor.
4- The pronoun ‫ﻀ ِﻤ ُﻴر‬
 ‫اﻝ‬: ...‫ت‬ َ ‫ أ َْﻨ‬،‫ ُﻫ ْم‬،‫ُﻫ َو‬
5- Demonstrative ‫ﺸﺎرِة‬ ِ
َ َ ‫اﺴ ُم اﻹ‬
ْ : ...‫ َﻫ ُؤﻻء‬،‫َﻫ َذا‬
6- Relative Pronoun ‫ل‬ ُ ‫ﺼو‬ ِ ِ
ُ ‫اﻻﺴ ُم اْﻝ َﻤ ْو‬
ْ : ...‫ﻴن‬ َ ‫ اﻝذ‬،‫اﻝذي‬
7- The human, animal or anything we call (ُ‫ﺎطﻤﺔ‬ ِ
َ َ‫)ﻴﺎ ﻓ‬
َ

2- Conjugated or built on one form

- Conjugated ‫ب‬
ٌ ‫ﻤ ْﻌر‬: means that the last mark of the noun will change
َ ُ
when it comes in a different position in the sentence.

ِ َ‫ﺎب – أَ ْﻗ أُر ِﻓﻲ اْﻝ ِﻜﺘ‬

‫ﺎب‬ ِ ٌ ‫ﺎب ُﻤ ِﻔ‬
َ َ‫ﻴد – أَ ْﻗ َأُر اْﻝﻜﺘ‬
ِ
ُ َ‫اْﻝﻜﺘ‬
Ex.
َ
Notice the difference of the last mark in the word ‫ اْﻝ ِﻜﺘَﺎب‬in each example.
 ‫ﻤ ْﺒ ِﻨ‬: means that the noun will have the same mark on
- Built on one form ‫ﻲ‬
َ
the last letter, even if its position changes.
Ex. The pronoun ‫( ُﻫ َو‬he) is, in all cases ending with a Fat-hah ٌ‫ﻓَﺘْ َﺤﺔ‬

〈 uθèδ āωÎ) tµ≈s9Î) Iω ”Ï%©!$# ª!$# uθèδ 

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The pronouns, the demonstratives, the relative pronouns are examples of the
most common ‫ﻲ‬ ِ‫ َﻤ ْﺒﻨ‬nouns.

a- The pronouns ‫ﻤ ِﺎﺌ ُر‬

َ ‫اﻝﻀ‬
All pronouns with no exception are built on one form  ِ‫َﻤ ْﺒﻨ‬
‫ﻲ‬
For more details, please see file about “Arabic Pronouns”. Download from here.
http://quranicarabic.wordpress.com/quraanic-arabic/quraanic-arabic-
advanced-level/

b - The demonstratives ‫ﺸ َﺎرِة‬ ِ ‫ﺎء‬

َ ‫اﻹ‬ ُ ‫َﺴ َﻤ‬
ْ‫أ‬

ُ ‫اْﻝَﺒ ِﻌ‬
‫ﻴد‬ ُ ‫اْﻝﻘَ ِر‬
‫ﻴب‬
That/Those This/These

‫ﻜ ُر‬ ‫اﻝﻤ ْﻔ َرُد اْﻝ ُﻤ َذ‬

ُ
‫َذﻝِ َك‬ ‫َﻫذا‬
ُ‫ﻨﺜﺔ‬‫اﻝﻤ َؤ‬
ُ ُ‫اﻝﻤ ْﻔ َردة‬
ُ ‫ك‬َ ‫ﺘِْﻠ‬ ‫َﻫ ِذ ِﻩ‬
‫ﻜ ُر‬ ‫ﻨﻰ اْﻝ ُﻤ َذ‬َ‫اﻝﻤﺜ‬
ُ َ ِ‫ذاﻨ‬
‫ك‬ ‫ ﻫ َذ ْﻴ ِن‬/ ‫ذان‬
ِ ‫َﻫ‬

ُ ‫ﻨ‬‫اﻝﻤ َؤ‬
‫ث‬ ُ ‫ﻨﻰ‬َ‫اﻝﻤﺜ‬
ُ َ ِ‫ﺘﺎﻨ‬
‫ك‬ ‫ ﻫﺎﺘَْﻴ ِن‬/ ‫َﻫﺎﺘَﺎن‬
‫ﻨ ِث‬‫اﻝﻤ َؤ‬ 
ُ / ‫َﺠ ْﻤﻊُ اْﻝ ُﻤ َذﻜ ِر‬ َ ِ‫أ ُْوﻝَﺌ‬
‫ك‬ ِ ‫َﻫؤ‬
‫ﻻء‬ُ

All demonstratives are ‫ﻲ‬ ِ‫ َﻤ ْﺒﻨ‬except those for the ‫ﻨﻰ اْﻝﻘَ ِرﻴب‬َ‫ ُﻤﺜ‬they follow the
same conjugation of dual nouns.

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c- The relative pronouns ‫ﺼوﻝَ ُﺔ‬
ُ ‫ﺎء ا ْﻝ َﻤ ْو‬
ُ ‫َﺴ َﻤ‬
ْ ‫اﻷ‬

‫ﻜ ُر‬ ‫اﻝﻤ ْﻔ َرُد اْﻝ ُﻤ َذ‬ ‫ِذي‬‫اﻝ‬

ُ
ُ‫ﻨﺜﺔ‬‫اﻝﻤ َؤ‬
ُ ُ‫اﻝﻤ ْﻔ َردة‬
ُ
‫ﺘِﻲ‬‫اﻝ‬

‫ﻜ ُر‬ ‫ﻨﻰ اْﻝ ُﻤ َذ‬َ‫اﻝﻤﺜ‬ ‫ َذ ْﻴ ِن‬‫ اﻝﻠ‬/‫ان‬

ِ ‫ َذ‬‫اﻝﻠ‬
ُ

ُ ‫ﻨ‬‫اﻝﻤ َؤ‬
‫ﺘَْﻴ ِن‬‫ اﻝﻠ‬/‫ﺎن‬
ِ َ‫ﺘ‬‫اﻝﻠ‬
‫ث‬ ُ ‫ﻨﻰ‬َ‫اﻝﻤﺜ‬
ُ
‫ﻴن‬ ِ
‫ﻜ ِر‬ ‫َﺠ ْﻤﻊُ اْﻝ ُﻤ َذ‬ َ ‫اﻝذ‬
‫ﻨ ِث‬‫اﻝﻤ َؤ‬ ‫اﻝﻼﺌِﻲ‬/‫اﻝﻼﺘِﻲ‬
ُ ُ‫َﺠ ْﻤﻊ‬
ِ ‫اْﻝ‬
Human ‫ﻌﺎﻗ ُل‬ ‫َﻤ ْن‬
ِ ‫ﻴرْﻝ‬
Non human ‫ﻌﺎﻗ ِل‬ ‫َﻏ ُا‬
(but can be used for ‫َﻤﺎ‬
human in some cases)

All relative pronouns are  ِ‫ َﻤ ْﺒﻨ‬except those for dual; they follow the same
‫ﻲ‬
conjugation of dual nouns.

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3- Singular, dual or plural nouns
In English, a noun may be singular or plural. Plural refers to more than one.

In Arabic, a noun may be singular, dual or plural. Plural refers to more than two.

The Singular ‫اْﻝ ُﻤ ْﻔ َرُد‬:

The singular is what shows one masculine or one feminine.
Ex. ‫ َر ُﺠ ٍل‬،ً‫ َر ُﺠﻼ‬،‫ َر ُﺠ ٌل‬/ ‫ اْﻝ ِﻜﺘَﺎ ِب‬،‫ب‬ ِ
َ ‫ اْﻝﻜﺘَﺎ‬،‫ب‬
ِ
ُ ‫اْﻝﻜﺘَﺎ‬
The conjugation of a singular noun is:

The Cases Examples for positions under different Mark of the last
(ُ‫ﺤﺎﻝَﺔ‬
َ ‫)اْﻝ‬ cases letter

First noun in a sentence :ٌ‫ُﻤ ْﺒﺘَ َدأ‬

ٌ‫ﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻀ‬
َ
ٌ‫َﻤ ْرﻓُوع‬ Information about the ٌ‫ ُﻤ ْﺒﺘَ َدأ‬:‫َﺨَﺒٌر‬
ِ (‫)وﻝَ ٌد‬
َ
Doer of the verb :‫ﻓﺎﻋ ٌل‬
Object :‫َﻤ ْﻔ ُﻌو ٌل ﺒِ ِﻪ‬
ٌ‫ﻓَﺘْ َﺤﺔ‬
‫وب‬
ٌ ‫ﺼ‬ُ ‫َﻤ ْﻨ‬ A noun that shows the time or :‫ف‬ ٌ ‫ظ ْر‬َ
(‫)وﻝَ ًدا‬
َ
the place
Noun after preposition :‫ور‬
ٌ ‫اﺴ ٌم َﻤ ْﺠ ُر‬
ْ ٌ‫َﻜ ْﺴ َرة‬
‫ور‬
ٌ ‫َﻤ ْﺠ ُر‬ Noun showing the possessor :‫ﻀﺎف إﻝَ ْﻴ ِﻪ‬
ٌ ‫ُﻤ‬ (‫)وﻝَ ٍد‬
َ

For an easy explanation of the different cases of Arabic Grammar, please go to

http://quranicarabic.wordpress.com/2010/04/10/quraanic-arabic-lesson-3/

www.quranicarabic.wordpress.com Page 6
The Dual ‫ﻨﻰ‬َ‫اْﻝ ُﻤﺜ‬:
The dual noun is formed from the singular, by adding ِ ‫ )ـ ـ‬when the
‫ﺎن( أَﻝف َوُﻨون‬
noun is ٌ‫ ﻤ ْرﻓُوع‬and
َ ٌ ‫ )ــَـ ْﻴ ِن( َﻴ‬- with a ‫ ﻓَﺘْﺤﺔ‬before ‫ ﻴﺎء‬- when the noun is
‫ﺎء َوُﻨون‬
‫وب‬
ٌ ‫ﺼ‬ ُ ‫ َﻤ ْﻨ‬or ‫ور‬ ٌ ‫َﻤ ْﺠ ُر‬ Ex.

‫َوﻝَدا ِن أ َْو َوﻝَ َد ْﻴ ِن‬ ‫ َوﻝَد‬/ ‫ِﻜﺘَﺎﺒﺎ ِن أ َْو ِﻜﺘَ َﺎﺒ ْﻴ ِن‬ ‫ِﻜﺘَﺎب‬
When changing a singular noun ending with ٌ‫طﺔ‬ َ ‫ﺘﺎء َﻤ ْرُﺒو‬
ٌ to dual, the
ٌ‫ﺘﺎء َﻤ ْرُﺒوطَﺔ‬
ٌ change to a ‫ت‬, to which dual ending is attach
Ex. ‫ﺴﻠِﻤﺘَْﻴ ِن‬ ِ َ‫ُﻤ ْﺴﻠِ َﻤﺘ‬ ‫ ُﻤ ْﺴﻠِ َﻤﺔ‬/ ‫ﺎن أ َْو َﻤ ْد َر َﺴﺘَْﻴ ِن‬
ِ ‫َﻤ ْد َر َﺴﺘ‬
َ ْ ‫ﺎن أ َْو ُﻤ‬ ‫َﻤ ْد َر َﺴﺔ‬
The Cases Examples for positions under different Letters which
(ُ‫ﺤﺎَﻝﺔ‬
َ ‫)اْﻝ‬ cases change

First noun in a sentence :ٌ‫ُﻤ ْﺒﺘَ َدأ‬

ٌ ِ‫أَﻝ‬
‫ف‬
ٌ‫َﻤ ْرﻓُوع‬ Information about the ٌ‫ُﻤ ْﺒﺘَ َدأ‬ :‫َﺨَﺒٌر‬
ِ (‫)وﻝَ َدا ِن‬
َ
Doer of the verb :‫ﻓﺎﻋ ٌل‬
Object :‫َﻤ ْﻔ ُﻌو ٌل ﺒِ ِﻪ‬
‫ﻴﺎء‬
ٌ
‫وب‬
ٌ ‫ﺼ‬ُ ‫َﻤ ْﻨ‬ A noun that shows the time or :‫ف‬ٌ ‫ظَ ْر‬
(‫)وﻝَ َد ْﻴ ِن‬
َ
the place
Noun after preposition :‫ور‬
ٌ ‫اﺴ ٌم َﻤ ْﺠ ُر‬
ْ ‫ﻴﺎء‬
ٌ
‫ور‬
ٌ ‫َﻤ ْﺠ ُر‬ Noun showing the possessor :‫ﻀﺎف إﻝَ ْﻴ ِﻪ‬
ٌ ‫ُﻤ‬ (‫)وﻝَ َد ْﻴ ِن‬
َ
Important comments:
1- The ‫ أَﻝِف‬and the ‫ ﻴﺎء‬are what change in the dual, in the different positions,
not the last mark as in the singular.
2- The letter ‫ ِن‬with ‫ َﻜ ْﺴرة‬at the end of dual ‫ﻨﻰ‬َ‫اْﻝ ُﻤﺜ‬, has no relation with the
conjugation of the dual. It is only an alternative to the sound of Tanween that
you hear in the singular.
This ‫ ِن‬might be deleted, if the dual is followed by a possessor ‫ﺎف إِﻝَْﻴ ِﻪ‬
ٌ ‫ﻀ‬َ ‫ُﻤ‬
 ِ‫ﻨﺒ‬‫( ﺒِْﻨﺘَﺎ اﻝ‬the two daughters of the prophet)
Ex. ‫ﻲ‬

No ‫ ن‬at the end of ‫ﺒِ ْﻨﺘَﺎن‬

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The Plural ُ‫اْﻝ َﺠ ْﻤﻊ‬:
In Arabic, there are three types of plural: Sound masculine plural, sound
feminine plural and broken plural.

1- The Sound Masculine Plural ‫ﺎﻝِ ُم‬‫ﻜ ِر اﻝﺴ‬ ‫َﺠ ْﻤﻊُ اْﻝ ُﻤ َذ‬
It is so called 'sound', because the singular form remain intact or sound,
i.e. the singular is same and only different endings are added to it.

The sound masculine plural noun, is formed from the singular, by adding (‫ون‬
َ ‫)ـ ـ ـ‬ ُ
when the noun is ٌ‫ ﻤ ْرﻓُوع‬and (‫ﻴن‬ ِ
َ َ ‫ ) ـ ـ ـ‬when the noun is ‫وب‬
ٌ ‫ﺼ‬ُ ‫ َﻤ ْﻨ‬or‫ور‬
ٌ ‫ َﻤ ْﺠ ُر‬, this ‫ ﻴﺎء‬is
a long vowel (ee) with a ‫ َﻜ ْﺴرة‬before.
Ex. ‫ُﻤ ْﺴﻠِ ُﻤو َن أ َْو ُﻤ ْﺴﻠِ ِﻤﻴ َن‬ ‫ُﻤ ْﺴﻠِم‬ / ‫ﺼﺎﻝِ ِﺤﻴ َن‬ ِ
َ ،‫ﺼﺎﻝ ُﺤو َن‬
َ ‫ﺼﺎﻝِﺢ‬
َ
The Cases Examples for positions under different Letters which
(ُ‫ﺤﺎﻝَﺔ‬
َ ‫)اْﻝ‬ cases change

First noun in a sentence :ٌ‫ُﻤ ْﺒﺘَ َدأ‬

‫و ٌاو‬
ٌ‫َﻤ ْرﻓُوع‬ Information about the ٌ‫ُﻤ ْﺒﺘَ َدأ‬ :‫َﺨَﺒٌر‬
ِ (‫) ُﻤ ْﺴﻠِ ُﻤو َن‬
Doer of the verb :‫ﻓﺎﻋ ٌل‬
Object :‫َﻤ ْﻔ ُﻌو ٌل ﺒِ ِﻪ‬
‫ﻴﺎء‬
ٌ
‫وب‬
ٌ ‫ﺼ‬ُ ‫َﻤ ْﻨ‬ A noun that shows the time or :‫ف‬ٌ ‫ظ ْر‬َ
(‫) ُﻤ ْﺴﻠِ ِﻤﻴ َن‬
the place
Noun after preposition :‫ور‬
ٌ ‫اﺴ ٌم َﻤ ْﺠ ُر‬
ْ ‫ﻴﺎء‬
ٌ
‫ور‬
ٌ ‫َﻤ ْﺠ ُر‬ Noun showing the possessor :‫ﻀﺎف إﻝَ ْﻴ ِﻪ‬
ٌ ‫ُﻤ‬ (‫) ُﻤ ْﺴﻠِ ِﻤﻴ َن‬

Important comments:
1- The ‫ واو‬and the ‫ ﻴﺎء‬are what change in the dual in the different positions, not
the last mark as the singular.
2- The letter ‫ َن‬with ‫ ﻓَﺘْ َﺤﺔ‬at the end of ‫ﺎﻝِ ُم‬‫ﻜ ِر اﻝﺴ‬ ‫َﺠ ْﻤﻊُ اْﻝ ُﻤ َذ‬ has no relation with

ٌ ‫ﺘَْﻨ ِو‬
conjugation of the dual. It is only an alternative to the sound of Tanween ‫ﻴن‬
that you hear in the singular.

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 - The general rule is that ‫ﺎﻝِ ُم‬‫ﻜ ِر اﻝﺴ‬ ‫ َﺠ ْﻤﻊُ اْﻝ ُﻤ َذ‬is used for some masculine
human but it may come, as an exception, with a few rare masculine, non-
human.
ِ ‫( ِﻋ ْﺸرون‬twenty) - (‫( ﻋﺎﻝَﻤون )ﻋﺎﻝَ ِﻤﻴن‬worlds)
(‫)ﻋ ْﺸ ِرﻴ َن‬
Ex. َ ُ َ َ َ ُ َ

2- The Sound Feminine Plural ‫ﺎﻝِ ُم‬‫ﻨ ِث اﻝﺴ‬‫َﺠ ْﻤﻊُ اْﻝ ُﻤ َؤ‬

It is so called sound because the singular forms remain intact or sound,

i.e. the singular is same and only different endings are added to it.
The sound masculine plural noun is formed from the singular by adding
(‫ـﺎت‬
ُ ) when the noun is ٌ‫ َﻤ ْرﻓُوع‬and (‫ـﺎت‬ ِ ) when the noun is ‫وب‬ ٌ ‫ﺼ‬ ُ ‫ َﻤ ْﻨ‬or‫ور‬
ٌ ‫ َﻤ ْﺠ ُر‬.
Ex. ‫ت‬ ٍ ‫ت أَو ﻤﺴﻠِ ِﻤﺎ‬ ِ ‫ ُﻤ ْﺴﻠِﻤﺔ‬/ ‫ﺎر ِت‬
‫ﻴ َا‬‫اﻝﺴ‬ ‫ﻴ َا‬‫اﻝﺴ‬ ‫ﻴ َﺎرة‬‫اﻝﺴ‬
ْ ُ ْ ٌ ‫ُﻤ ْﺴﻠﻤﺎ‬ َ ،‫ت‬ُ ‫ﺎر‬ َ َ
Notice that we delete ٌ‫طﺔ‬ َ ‫ﺎء َﻤ ْرُﺒو‬ ِ
ٌ َ‫ ﺘ‬before adding the (‫)ـﺎت‬
The Cases Examples for positions under different Marks which
(ُ‫ﺤﺎﻝَﺔ‬
َ ‫)اْﻝ‬ cases change

First noun in a sentence :ٌ‫ُﻤ ْﺒﺘَ َدأ‬

ٌ‫ﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻀ‬
َ
ٌ‫َﻤ ْرﻓُوع‬ Information about the ٌ‫ُﻤ ْﺒﺘَ َدأ‬ :‫َﺨَﺒٌر‬
Doer of the verb ِ
:‫ﻓﺎﻋ ٌل‬ ٌ ‫) ُﻤ ْﺴﻠِ َﻤﺎ‬
(‫ت‬

Object :‫َﻤ ْﻔ ُﻌو ٌل ﺒِ ِﻪ‬

ٌ‫َﻜ ْﺴ َرة‬
‫وب‬
ٌ ‫ﺼ‬ُ ‫َﻤ ْﻨ‬ A noun that shows the time or :‫ف‬ٌ ‫ظ ْر‬َ
(‫) ُﻤ ْﺴﻠِ َﻤﺎ ٍت‬
the place
Noun after preposition :‫ور‬
ٌ ‫اﺴ ٌم َﻤ ْﺠ ُر‬
ْ ٌ‫َﻜ ْﺴ َرة‬
‫ور‬
ٌ ‫َﻤ ْﺠ ُر‬ Noun showing the possessor :‫ﻀﺎف إﻝَ ْﻴ ِﻪ‬
ٌ ‫ُﻤ‬ (‫) ُﻤ ْﺴﻠِ َﻤﺎ ٍت‬
* The general rule is that ‫ﺎﻝِ ُم‬‫ﻨ ِث اﻝﺴ‬‫ َﺠ ْﻤﻊُ اْﻝ ُﻤ َؤ‬is used for feminine nouns (human
and non-human) but it may be used in some cases for masculine.
Ex. ‫ﻤﺎﻤﺎ ٍت‬ ‫ت أ َْو َﺤ‬
ٌ ‫ﻤﺎﻤﺎ‬ ‫َﺤ‬ ‫ﻤﺎم‬ ‫( َﺤ‬bathroom)

ِ ‫ ْﻜ ِﺴ‬‫اﻝﺘ‬
3- The Broken Plural ‫ﻴر‬
ُ‫َﺠ ْﻤﻊ‬
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 - It is so called broken because it is formed by breaking up the singular
pattern, by adding or removing vowels and letters: before, in between or
after the singular. I does not have a pattern that you can follow, you
need to learn them individually.
- It can be used for human and non-human.

Ex. ‫ ِرﺠﺎ ٍل‬،ً‫ ِرﺠﺎﻻ‬،‫ِرﺠﺎ ٌل‬ ‫ َر ُﺠل‬/ ‫ اْﻝ ُﻜﺘُ ِب‬،‫ب‬

َ ُ‫ اْﻝ ُﻜﺘ‬،‫ب‬
ُ ُ‫اْﻝ ُﻜﺘ‬ ‫اْﻝ ِﻜﺘَﺎب‬

The Cases Examples for positions under different Mark of the last
(ُ‫ﺤﺎَﻝﺔ‬
َ ‫)اْﻝ‬ cases letter

First noun in a sentence :ٌ‫ُﻤ ْﺒﺘَ َدأ‬

ٌ‫ﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻀ‬
َ
ٌ‫َﻤ ْرﻓُوع‬ Information about the ٌ‫ُﻤ ْﺒﺘَ َدأ‬ :‫َﺨَﺒٌر‬
ِ (‫)وﻝَ ٌد‬
َ
Doer of the verb :‫ﻓﺎﻋ ٌل‬
Object :‫َﻤ ْﻔ ُﻌو ٌل ﺒِ ِﻪ‬
ٌ‫ﻓَﺘْ َﺤﺔ‬
‫وب‬
ٌ ‫ﺼ‬ُ ‫َﻤ ْﻨ‬ A noun that shows the time or :‫ف‬ ٌ ‫ظَ ْر‬
(‫)وﻝَ ًدا‬
َ
the place
Noun after preposition :‫ور‬
ٌ ‫اﺴ ٌم َﻤ ْﺠ ُر‬
ْ ٌ‫َﻜ ْﺴ َرة‬
‫ور‬
ٌ ‫َﻤ ْﺠ ُر‬ Noun showing the ◌ِ :‫ﻀﺎف إﻝَ ْﻴﻪ‬
ٌ ‫ُﻤ‬
(‫)وﻝَ ٍد‬
َ
possessor

Notice that the conjugation ‫إﻋراب‬

ْ of Broken Plural is exactly as ‫اﻝﻤ ْﻔ َرد‬
ُ

In the next file

ُ‫ﺎء اﷲ‬
َ ‫إن َﺸ‬ ْ we will study the Nominative sentence, and its two
main parts: ‫ﺨ َﺒر‬
ُ َ ‫ اْﻝ ُﻤ ْﺒﺘَ َدأُ واْﻝ‬and you will see more examples of the different types
of nouns and their conjugation.

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