Download full file from answersun.

com

cheminfinity.com
Chapter 1  @cheminfinity
The Schrödinger Equation

1.1 (a) F; (b) T; (c) T.

1.2 (a) Ephoton = hν = hc / λ = (6.626 × 10–34 J s)(2.998 × 108 m/s)/(1064 × 10–9 m) =

1.867 × 10–19 J.
(b) E = (5 × 106 J/s)(2 × 10–8 s) = 0.1 J = n(1.867 × 10–19 J) and n = 5 × 1017.

1.3 Use of Ephoton = hc /λ gives

(6.022 × 1023 )(6.626 × 10−34 J s)(2.998 × 108 m/s)
E= = 399 kJ
300 × 10−9 m

1.4 (a) Tmax = hν − Φ =

(6.626 × 10–34 J s)(2.998 × 108 m/s)/(200 × 10–9 m) – (2.75 eV)(1.602 × 10–19 J/eV) =
5.53 × 10–19 J = 3.45 eV.
(b) The minimum photon energy needed to produce the photoelectric effect is
(2.75 eV)(1.602 × 10–19 J/eV) = hν =hc/λ = (6.626 × 10–34 J s)(2.998 × 108 m/s)/λ
and λ = 4.51 × 10–7 m = 451 nm.
(c) Since the impure metal has a smaller work function, there will be more energy left
over after the electron escapes and the maximum T is larger for impure Na.

1.5 (a) At high frequencies, we have ebν /T >> 1 and the −1 in the denominator of Planck’s
formula can be neglected to give Wien’s formula.
(b) The Taylor series for the exponential function is e x = 1 + x + x 2 /2! + ". For x << 1,
we can neglect x 2 and higher powers to give e x − 1 ≈ x. Taking x ≡ hν /kT , we have for
Planck’s formula at low frequencies
aν 3 2π hν 3 2π hν 3 2πν 2 kT
= ≈ =
ebν /T − 1 c 2 (e hν / kT − 1) c 2 (hν /kT ) c2

1.6 λ = h / mv = 137h / mc = 137(6.626 × 10–34 J s)/(9.109 × 10–31 kg)(2.998 × 108 m/s) =

3.32 × 10–10 m = 0.332 nm.

1-1
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Full file at https://www.answersun.com/download/solutions-manual-for-quantum-chemistry-7th-edition-by-ira-n-levine/

Download full file from answersun.com

1.7 Integration gives x = − 12 gt 2 + ( gt0 + v0 )t + c2 . If we know that the particle had position
x0 at time t0 , then x0 = − 12 gt02 + ( gt0 + v0 )t0 + c2 and c2 = x0 − 12 gt02 − v0t0 . Substitution
of the expression for c2 into the equation for x gives x = x0 − 12 g (t − t0 )2 + v0 (t − t0 ).

2
1.8 −(= / i )(∂ Ψ /∂ t ) = −(= 2 /2m)(∂ 2 Ψ /∂x 2 ) + V Ψ . For Ψ = ae−ibt e −bmx /=
, we find
∂Ψ / ∂t = −ibΨ , ∂Ψ / ∂ x = −2bm= −1 xΨ , and ∂ 2 Ψ / ∂ x 2 = −2bm= −1Ψ − 2bm= −1 x(∂Ψ / ∂x)
= −2bm= −1Ψ − 2bm= −1 x(−2bm= −1 xΨ ) = −2bm= −1Ψ + 4b 2 m 2 = −2 x 2 Ψ . Substituting into the
time-dependent Schrödinger equation and then dividing by Ψ, we get
−(= / i )(−ibΨ ) = −(= 2 /2m)(−2bm= −1 + 4b 2 m 2 = −2 x 2 )Ψ + V Ψ and V = 2b 2 mx 2 .

1.9 (a) F; (b) F. (These statements are valid only for stationary states.)

2 2
1.10 ψ satisfies the time-independent Schrödinger (1.19). ∂ψ / ∂ x = be − cx −2bcx 2e − cx ;
2 2 2 2 2
∂ 2 ψ / ∂ x 2 = −2bcxe − cx − 4bcxe− cx + 4bc 2 x3e− cx = −6bcxe− cx + 4bc 2 x3e− cx . Equation
2 2 2 2
(1.19) becomes (− = 2 /2m)(−6bcxe − cx + 4bc 2 x3e − cx ) + (2c 2 = 2 x 2 / m)bxe − cx = Ebxe − cx .
The x3 terms cancel and E = 3= 2 c / m =
3(6.626 × 10–34 J s)22.00(10–9 m)–2/4π2(1.00 × 10–30 kg) = 6.67 × 10–20 J.

1.11 Only the time-dependent equation.

1.12 (a) | Ψ |2 dx = (2/ b3 ) x 2e −2|x|/ b dx =

2(3.0 × 10−9 m)−3 (0.90 × 10−9 m)2 e−2(0.90 nm)/(3.0 nm) (0.0001 × 10−9 m) = 3.29 × 10–6.
(b) For x ≥ 0, we have | x | = x and the probability is given by (1.23) and (A.7) as
2 nm 2 nm 2 −2 x / b
∫0 | Ψ |2 dx = (2 / b3 ) ∫ x e dx = (2 / b3 )e −2 x / b (−bx 2 /2 − xb 2 /2 − b3 /4) |02 nm =
0

−e −2 x / b ( x 2 / b 2 + x / b + 1/2) |02 nm = −e −4/3 (4/9 + 2/3 + 1/2) + 1/2 = 0.0753.

(c) Ψ is zero at x =0, and this is the minimum possible probability density.
∞ 0 ∞
(d) ∫−∞ | Ψ |2 dx = (2/b3 ) ∫ x 2e 2 x / b dx + (2/b3 ) ∫ x 2e −2 x / b dx. Let w = –x in the first
−∞ 0
0 ∞
integral on the right. This integral becomes ∫∞ w2 e−2 w / b (−dw) = ∫ w2e −2 w / b dw, which
0

equals the second integral on the right [see Eq. (4.10)]. Hence
∞ ∞
∫−∞ | Ψ |
2
dx = (4 / b3 ) ∫ x 2e −2 x / b dx = (4 / b3 )[2!/ (b / 2)3 ] = 1, where (A.8) in the
0

Appendix was used.

1-2
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Full file at https://www.answersun.com/download/solutions-manual-for-quantum-chemistry-7th-edition-by-ira-n-levine/

Download full file from answersun.com

1.13 The interval is small enough to be considered infinitesimal (since Ψ changes negligibly
2
/ c2
within this interval). At t = 0, we have | Ψ |2 dx = (32 / π c 6 )1/2 x 2e −2 x dx =
6 1/2 2 –2
[32/π(2.00 Å) ] (2.00 Å) e (0.001 Å) = 0.000216.

b 1.5001 nm 1.5001 nm
1.14 ∫a | Ψ |
2
dx = ∫ a −1e−2 x / a dx = −e −2 x / a /2 |1.5000 nm = (–e–3.0002 + e–3.0000)/2 =
1.5000 nm
–6
4.978 × 10 .

1.15 (a) This function is not real and cannot be a probability density.
(b) This function is negative when x < 0 and cannot be a probability density.
(c) This function is not normalized (unless b = π ) and can’t be a probability density.

1.16 (a) There are four equally probable cases for two children: BB, BG, GB, GG, where the
first letter gives the gender of the older child. The BB possibility is eliminated by the
given information. Of the remaining three possibilities BG, GB, GG, only one has two
girls, so the probability that they have two girls is 1/3.
(b) The fact that the older child is a girl eliminates the BB and BG cases, leaving GB and
GG, so the probability is 1/2 that the younger child is a girl.

1.17 The 138 peak arises from the case 12C12CF6, whose probability is (0.9889)2 = 0.9779.
The 139 peak arises from the cases 12C13CF6 and 13C12CF6, whose probability is
(0.9889)(0.0111) + (0.0111)(0.9889) = 0.02195. The 140 peak arises from 13C13CF6,
whose probability is (0.0111)2 = 0.000123. (As a check, these add to 1.) The 139 peak
height is (0.02195/0.9779)100 = 2.24. The 140 peak height is (0.000123/0.9779)100 =
0.0126.

1.18 There are 26 cards, 2 spades and 24 nonspades, to be distributed between B and D.
Imagine that 13 cards, picked at random from the 26, are dealt to B. The probability that
13(12)
every card dealt to B is a nonspade is 24 23 22 21
26 25 24 23
" 14 13 12
16 15 14
= 26(25) = 25
6
. Likewise, the
6
probability that D gets 13 nonspades is 25
. If B does not get all nonspades and D does not
get all nonspades, then each must get one of the two spades and the probability that each
gets one spade is 1 − 25
6
− 25
6
= 13 /25 . (A commonly given answer is: There are four
possible outcomes, namely, both spades to B, both spades to D, spade 1 to B and spade 2
to D, spade 2 to B and spade 1 to D, so the probability that each gets one spade is 2/4 =
1/2. This answer is wrong, because the four outcomes are not all equally likely.)

1-3
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Full file at https://www.answersun.com/download/solutions-manual-for-quantum-chemistry-7th-edition-by-ira-n-levine/

Download full file from answersun.com

1.19 (a) The Maxwell distribution of molecular speeds; (b) the normal (or Gaussian)
distribution.
1.20 (a) Real; (b) imaginary; (c) real; (d) imaginary; (e) imaginary; (f) real;
(g) real; (h) real; (i) real.

1.21 (a) A point on the x axis three units to the right of the origin.
(b) A point on the y axis one unit below the origin.
(c) A point in the second quadrant with x coordinate –2 and y coordinate +3.

1 1i i i
1.22 = = 2 = = −i
i i i i −1

1.23 (a) i 2 = −1. (b) i 3 = ii 2 = i (−1) = −i. (c) i 4 = (i 2 ) 2 = (−1) 2 = 1.

(d) i*i = (−i )i = 1.
(e) (1 + 5i )(2 − 3i ) = 2 + 10i − 3i − 15i 2 = 17 + 7i.
1 − 3i 1 − 3i 4 − 2i 4 − 14i − 6 −2 − 14i
(f) = = = = −0.1 − 0.7i.
4 + 2i 4 + 2i 4 − 2i 16 + 8i − 8i + 4 20

1.24 (a) –4 (b) 2i; (c) 6 – 3i; (d) 2eiπ /5 .

1.25 (a) 1, 90°; (b) 2, π/3;

(c) z = −2eiπ /3 = 2(−1)eiπ /3 . Since –1 has absolute value 1 and phase π, we have
z = 2eiπ eiπ /3 = 2ei (4π /3) = reiθ , so the absolute value is 2 and the phase is 4π/3 radians.
(d) | z | = ( x 2 + y 2 )1/2 = [12 + (−2) 2 ]1/2 = 51/2 ; tan θ = y / x = −2 / 1 = −2 and
θ = –63.4° = 296.6° = 5.176 radians.

1.26 On a circle of radius 5. On a line starting from the origin and making an angle of 45° with
the positive x axis.

1.27 (a) i = 1eiπ / 2 ; (b) −1 = 1eiπ ;

(c) Using the answers to Prob. 1.25(d), we have 51/2 e5.176i ;
(d) r = [(−1) 2 + (−1) 2 ]1/2 = 21/2 ; θ = 180° + 45° = 225° = 3.927 rad; 21/2 e3.927i .

1.28 (a) Using Eq. (1.36) with n = 3, we have ei⋅0 = 1,

ei (2π /3) = cos(2π /3) + i sin(2π /3) = −0.5 + i 3 /2, and ei (4π /3) = −0.5 − i 3 /2.
1-4
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Full file at https://www.answersun.com/download/solutions-manual-for-quantum-chemistry-7th-edition-by-ira-n-levine/

Download full file from answersun.com

(b) We see that ω in (1.36) satisfies ωω * = e0 = 1, so the nth roots of 1 all have absolute
value 1. When k in (1.36) increases by 1, the phase increases by 2π/n.
eiθ − e−iθ cos θ + i sin θ − [cos(−θ ) + i sin(−θ )] cos θ + i sin θ − (cos θ − i sin θ )
1.29 = = = sin θ,
2i 2i 2i
where (2.14) was used.
eiθ + e−iθ cos θ + i sin θ + [cos(−θ ) + i sin(−θ )] cos θ + i sin θ + cos θ − i sin θ
= = = cos θ.
2 2 2

1.30 (a) From f = ma, 1 N = 1 kg m/s2.

(b) 1 J = 1 kg m2/s2.

Q1Q2 2(1.602 × 10−19 C)79(1.602 × 10−19 C)

1.31 F= = = 0.405 N,
4πε 0 r 2 4π (8.854 × 10−12 C 2 /N-m 2 )(3.00 × 10−13 m) 2
where 2 and 79 are the atomic numbers of He and Au.

1.32 (a) 4 x sin(3 x 4 ) + 2 x 2 (12 x3 ) cos(3x 4 ) = 4 x sin(3 x 4 ) + 24 x5 cos(3 x 4 ).

(b) ( x3 + x) |12 = (8 + 2) − (1 + 1) = 8.

1.33 (a) T; (b) F; (c) F; (d) T; (e) F; (f) T.

1-5
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Full file at https://www.answersun.com/download/solutions-manual-for-quantum-chemistry-7th-edition-by-ira-n-levine/

Download full file from answersun.com

Chapter 2 

The Particle in a Box

2.1 (a) The auxiliary equation is s 2 + s − 6 = 0 and s = [−1 ± 1 + 24] / 2 = 2 and –3. So
y = c1e 2 x + c2e −3 x .
(b) Setting x = 0 and y = 0, we get 0 = c1 + c2 (Eq. 1). Differentiation of y gives
y′ = 2c1e 2 x − 3c2e −3 x . Setting x = 0 and y′ = 1, we have 1 = 2c1 − 3c2 (Eq. 2). Subtracting
twice Eq. 1 from Eq. 2, we get 1 = −5c2 and c2 = −0.2. Equation 1 then gives c1 = 0.2.

2.2 For y′′ + py′ + qy = 0, the auxiliary equation is s 2 + ps + q = 0 = ( s − s1 )( s − s2 ), where s1

and s2 are the roots. Comparison with Eq. (2.8) shows that s1 = 2 + i and s2 = 2 − i, so
the auxiliary equation is 0 = ( s − 2 − i )( s − 2 + i ) = s 2 − 4s + 5. Therefore p = −4 and
q = 5. The differential equation is y′′ − 4 y′ + 5 y = 0.

2.3 (a) The quadratic formula gives the solutions of the auxiliary equation s 2 + ps + q = 0
[Eq. (2.7)] as s = (− p ± p 2 − 4q ) / 2. To have equal roots of the auxiliary equation
requires that p 2 − 4q = 0 . Setting q = p 2 /4 in the differential equation (2.6), we have
y′′ + py′ + ( p 2 /4) y = 0 (Eq. 1). The auxiliary-equation solution is s = − p /2. Thus we
must show that y2 = xe − px / 2 is the second solution. Differentiation gives
y2′ = e − px / 2 − pxe− px / 2 /2 and y2′′ = − pe − px / 2 + p 2 xe − px / 2 /4. Substitution in Eq. (1) gives
the left side of Eq. (1) as − pe− px / 2 + p 2 xe− px / 2 /4 + pe− px / 2 − p 2 xe− px / 2 /2 + p 2 xe− px / 2 /4 ,
which equals zero and completes the proof.
(b) The auxiliary equation s 2 − 2s + 1 = ( s − 1) 2 = 0 has roots s = 1 and s = 1. From part
(a), the solution is y = c1e x + c2 xe x .

2.4 In comparing Eqs. (1.8) and (2.2), y in (2.2) is replaced by x, and x in (2.2) is replaced by
t. Therefore x and its derivatives in (1.8) must occur to the first power to have a linear
differential equation. (a) Linear; (b) linear; (c) nonlinear; (d) nonlinear; (e) linear.

2.5 (a) F; (b) F; (c) T; (d) F (only solutions that meet certain conditions such as being
continuous are allowed as stationary-state wave functions); (e) T.

2-1
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Full file at https://www.answersun.com/download/solutions-manual-for-quantum-chemistry-7th-edition-by-ira-n-levine/

Download full file from answersun.com

2.6 (a) Maximum at x = l/2. Minimum at x = 0 and x = l, where the ends of the box are at x =
0 and l.
(b) Maximum at l/4 and 3l/4. Minimum at 0, l/2, and l.
(c) Minimum at 0, l/3, 2l/3, and l. Maximum at l/6, l/2, 5l/6.

l /4
2.7 (a) ∫ l0/4 | ψ |2 dx = (2 / l ) ∫ l0/4 sin 2 (nπ x / l ) dx = (2 / l )[ x / 2 − (l /4nπ ) sin(2nπ x / l )] |0 =
1 / 4 − (1/2nπ )sin(nπ /2), where (A.2) in the Appendix was used.
(b) The (1/2nπ ) factor in the probability makes the probability smaller as n increases,
and the maximum probability will occur for the smallest value of n for which the sine
factor is negative. This value is n = 3.
(c) 0.25.
(d) The correspondence principle, since in classical mechanics the probability is uniform
throughout the box.

2.8 (a) The probability is | ψ |2 dx = (2 / l ) sin 2 (π x / l ) dx = (1/Å)sin 2 (π ⋅ 0.600 / 2) ⋅ (0.001 Å)

= 6.55 × 10–4. The number of times the electron is found in this interval is about
106(6.55 × 10–4) = 655.
(b) The probability ratio for the two intervals is
sin 2 [π (1.00 / 2.00)] sin 2 [π (0.700 / 2.00)] = 1.260 and about 1.260(126) = 159
measurements will be in the specified interval.

2.9 (a) The number of interior nodes is one less than n.

(l/2)1/2ψ n=4 (l/2)ψ2 n=4

1
1

0
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1
x/l
0
-1
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1

x/l

2-2
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Full file at https://www.answersun.com/download/solutions-manual-for-quantum-chemistry-7th-edition-by-ira-n-levine/

Download full file from answersun.com

(l/2)1/2ψ n=5 (l/2)ψ2 n=5

1 1

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
x/l
0
-1 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 x/l 1

(b) ψ 2 = (2 / l ) sin 2 (4π x / l ) and d (ψ 2 )/dx = (4 / l )(4π / l ) sin(4π x / l ) cos(4π x / l ).

At x = l/2, d (ψ 2 )/dx = (4 / l )(4π / l ) sin(2π ) cos(2π ) = 0.

2.10 (a) Eupper − Elower = (22 − 12 )h 2 / 8ml 2 =

3(6.626 × 10–34 J s)2/8(9.109 × 10–31 kg)(1.0 × 10–10 m)2 = 1.81 × 10–17 J.
(b) | ΔE | = hν = hc / λ and λ = hc / | ΔE | =
(6.626 × 10–34 J s)(2.998 × 108 m/s)/(1.81 × 10–17 J) = 1.10 × 10–8 m =110 Å.
(c) Ultraviolet.

2.11 E = n 2 h 2 /8ml 2 and n = (8mE )1/2 l / h . We have E = mv 2 /2 = ½(0.001 kg)(0.01 m/s)2 =

5 × 10–8 J, so n = [8(0.001 kg)(5 × 10–8 J)]1/2(0.01 m)/(6.626 × 10–34 J s) = 3 × 1026.

2.12 Eupper − Elower = hν = (52 – 22) h 2 /8ml 2 and l = (21h /8mν )1/2 =
[21(6.626 × 10–34 J s)/8(9.1 × 10–31 kg)(6.0 × 1014 s–1)]1/2 = 1.78 × 10–9 m =1.78 nm.

2.13 Eupper − Elower = hν = (n 2 − 12 )h 2 /8ml 2 , so n 2 − 1 = 8ml 2ν / h = 8ml 2 c / λ h =

8(9.109 × 10–31 kg)(2.00 × 10–10 m)2(2.998 × 108 m/s)/[(8.79 × 10–9 m)(6.626 × 10–34 J s)]
= 15. So n 2 = 16 and n = 4.

2.14 hν = (nb2 − na2 )h 2 /8ml 2 , so ν is proportional to nb2 − na2 . For n = 1 to 2, nb2 − na2 is 3 and
for n = 2 to 3, nb2 − na2 is 5. Hence for the 2 to 3 transition, ν = (5/3)(6.0 × 1012 s–1) =
10 × 1012 s–1.

2.15 hν = (nb2 − na2 )h 2 /8ml 2 , so nb2 − na2 = 8ml 2ν /h =

8(9.109 × 10–31 kg)(0.300 × 10–9 m)2(5.05 × 1015 s–1)/(6.626 × 10–34 J s) = 5.00.
The squares of the first few positive integers are 1, 4, 9, 16, 25,…, and the only two
integers whose squares differ by 5 are 2 and 3.

2-3
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Full file at https://www.answersun.com/download/solutions-manual-for-quantum-chemistry-7th-edition-by-ira-n-levine/

Download full file from answersun.com

2.16 ν = h −1 ( Eupper − Elower ) = h −1 (h 2 /8ml 2 )(nu2 − n 2 ) = (h /8ml 2 )k , where k is an integer.

For nu − n = 1 and n = 1, 2, 3,… , we get the following k values:
k = 22 − 12 = 3; k = 32 − 22 = 5; k = 42 − 32 = 7; k = 9, 11, 13, 15, etc.
For nu − n = 3 and n = 1, 2, 3,… , we get
k = 42 − 12 = 15; k = 52 − 22 = 21; k = 62 − 32 = 27; k = 33, 39, etc.
For nu − n = 5 and n = 1, 2, 3,… , we get k = 35, 45, 55, etc.
The smallest k that corresponds to two different transitions is k = 15 for the 1 to 4
transition and the 7 to 8 transition.

2.17 Each double bond consists of one sigma and one pi bond, so the two double bonds have 4
pi electrons. With two pi electrons in each particle-in-a-box level, the 4 pi electrons
occupy the lowest two levels, n = 1 and n = 2. The highest-occupied to lowest-vacant
transition is from n = 2 to n = 3, so | ΔE | = hν = hc / λ = (32 − 22 )h 2 /8ml 2 and
8ml 2c 8(9.109 × 10−31 kg)(7.0 × 10−10 m)2 (2.998 × 108 m/s)
λ= = −34
= 3.2 × 10−7 m =
5h 5(6.626 × 10 J s)
320 nm

2.18 Outside the box, ψ = 0. Inside the box, ψ is given by (2.15) as

−1
ψ = a cos[ (2mE )1/2 x] + b sin[ −1 (2mE )1/2 x]. Continuity requires that ψ = 0 at x = −l /2
and at x = l /2, the left and right ends of the box. Using (2.14), we thus have
−1 −1
0 = a cos[ (2mE )1/2 l /2] − b sin[ (2mE )1/2 l /2] [Eq. (1)]
−1 −1
0 = a cos[ (2mE )1/2 l /2] + b sin[ (2mE )1/2 l /2] [Eq. (2)].
−1
Adding Eqs. (1) and (2) and dividing by 2, we get 0 = a cos[ (2mE )1/2 l /2], so
−1
either a = 0 or cos[ (2mE )1/2 l /2] = 0 [Eq. (3)].
−1
Subtracting Eq. (1) from (2) and dividing by 2, we get 0 = b sin[ (2mE )1/2 l /2], so
−1
either b = 0 or sin[ (2mE )1/2 l /2] = 0 [Eq. (4)].
If a = 0, then b cannot be 0 (because this would make ψ = 0), so if a = 0, then
−1
sin[ (2mE )1/2 l /2] = 0 [Eq. (5)] and ψ = b sin[ −1 (2mE )1/2 x]. To satisfy Eq. (5), we
−1
must have [ (2mE )1/2 l /2] = kπ , where k is an integer. The wave functions and energies
when a = 0 are
ψ = b sin[2kπ x / l ] and E = (2k )2 h 2 /8ml 2 , where k = 1, 2, 3,…. [Eq. (6)]
(For reasons discussed in Chapter 2, k = 0 is not allowed and negative values of k do not
give a different ψ.)

2-4
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Full file at https://www.answersun.com/download/solutions-manual-for-quantum-chemistry-7th-edition-by-ira-n-levine/

Download full file from answersun.com

If b = 0, then a cannot be 0 (because this would make ψ = 0), so if b = 0, then

−1
cos[ (2mE )1/2 l / 2] = 0 [Eq. (7)] and ψ = a cos[ −1 (2mE )1/2 x]. To satisfy Eq. (7), we
−1
must have [ (2mE )1/2 l / 2] = (2 j + 1)π /2, where j is an integer. The wave functions and
energies when b = 0 are
ψ = a cos[(2 j + 1)π x / l ] and E = (2 j + 1)2 h 2 / 8ml 2 , where j = 0, 1, 2, 3,… [Eq. (8)]
(As discussed in Chapter 2, negative values of j do not give a different ψ.)
In Eq. (8), 2j + 1 takes on the values 1, 3, 5,…; in Eq. (6), 2k takes on the values
2, 4, 6,… . Therefore E = n 2 h 2 /8ml 2 , where n = 1, 2, 3,…, as we found with the origin at
the left end of the box. Also, the wave functions in Eqs. (6) and (8) are the same as with
the origin at the left end, as can be verified by sketching a few of them.

2.19 Using square brackets to denote the dimensions of a quantity and M, L, T to denote the
2 –2 a b c a a b c
dimensions mass, length, and time, we have [E] = ML T = [h] [m] [l] = [E] T M L =
2 –2 a a b c a+b 2a+c –a
(ML T ) T M L = M L T . In order to have the same dimensions on each side of
the equation, the powers of M, L, and T must match. So 1 = a + b, 2 = 2a + c, –2 = –a.
We get a = 2, b = 1 – a = –1, and c = 2 – 2a = –2.

1/ 2 1/ 2
2.20 From Eqs. (1.20) and (2.30), Ψ = e−iEt / (c1ei (2 mE ) x/
+ c2e−i (2 mE ) x/
).

2 1/2
2.21 (a) Let r ≡ (2m / 2 1/2
) (V0 − E )1/2 and s ≡ (2m / ) E1/2 . Then ψ I = Ce rx and
ψ II = A cos sx + B sin sx. We have ψ I′ = Crerx and ψ II′ = − sA sin sx + sB cos sx. The
condition ψ I′ (0) = ψ II′ (0) gives Cr = sB , so B = Cr / s = Ar / s = A(V0 − E )1/2 / E1/2 , since
C = A, as noted a few lines before Eq. (2.33).
(b) ψ III = Ge − rx and ψ III
′ = −rGe − rx . From (a), ψ II′ = − sA sin sx + s( Ar / s) cos sx. The
′′ (l ) and ψ II (l ) = ψ III (l ) give − sA sin sl + rA cos sl = − rGe − rl and
relations ψ II′ (l ) = ψ III
A cos sl + ( Ar / s ) sin sl = Ge− rl . Dividing the first equation by the second, we get
− s sin sl + r cos sl
−1
= −r and 2rs cos sl = ( s 2 − r 2 ) sin sl. Substitution for r and s gives
cos sl + rs sin sl
2(2m / 2 )(V0 E − E 2 )1/2 cos[(2mE )1/2 l / ] = (2m / 2 )(2 E − V0 ) sin[(2mE )1/2 l / ] , which is
(2.33).

2.22 (a) As V0 → ∞, 2E on the left side of (2.33) can be neglected compared with V0, and E2
on the right side can be neglected to give tan[(2mE )1/2 l / ] = −2(V0 E )1/2 /V0 =
−2( E /V0 )1/2 . The right side of this equation goes to 0 as V0 → ∞, so
tan[(2mE )1/2 l / ] = 0. This equation is satisfied when (2mE )1/2 l / = nπ , where n is an

2-5
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Full file at https://www.answersun.com/download/solutions-manual-for-quantum-chemistry-7th-edition-by-ira-n-levine/