The revision will target the topics below over the following 2 weeks

A- scientific B-
measurement Concentration

D- Chemical
C- solution
reaction
A- SI units
 L ml
dm3 cm3
Kg g mg

X103
1 mol of each of these substances contains : 6.02 x 1023 particles.

While they have different masses.

The molar volume Vm

The molar volume of a gas is the volume occupied by one mole of this gas.

According to Avogadro’s law, All gases under the same conditions of temperature
and pressure have the same molar volume.

Standard conditions of temperature and pressure(STP)

Vm = 22.4 L/mol

𝒗𝒈𝒂𝒔
𝒏𝒈𝐚𝐬 =
𝒗𝒎

Remark: volume of the gas in L

Application:
0.05 mol of oxygen gas occupies a volume of 1.12 L.
a. Calculate the molar volume.
b. What do you Conclude.

Solution

a. n = 0,05 mol V=1,12L

𝑉 𝑉 1,12𝑙
n= → 𝑉𝑚 = = = 22,4L/mol
𝑉𝑚 𝑛 0,05𝑚𝑜𝑙

b. The conditions under which the oxygen is subjected are constant conditions
 𝒎 𝑵
𝒏= 𝒏=
𝑴 𝑵𝑨

Number of moles(n)

𝒗
n solute =C X Vsolution 𝒏(𝒈𝒂𝒔) =
𝒗𝒎
 1- Molar concentration
B- Concentration:

2- Mass concentration:

Application:
Determine the molar concentration of a solution containing 0.2moles
of sodium chloride NaCl in 500 ml of solution.

Solution
nNacl = 0,2 mol
Vsolution = 500 ml = 0,5 L
C= n /v = 0,2 / 0,5 = 0,4 mol/L
2- Mass concentration:

it is denoted by Cm
It is the quantity in g of a substance divided by the volume of the solution. unit g/l.

Mass concentration= mass of the solute(g) / volume of the solution(l)

Application:

Determine the mass concentration of a solution containing 29.25 g of sodium chloride

NaCl in 500 ml of solution
Solution

m = 29,25 g
V = 500 ml = 0,5 L
Cm = m/ V = 29,25 / 0,5 = 59,5 g/L
 Don’t; mix between density and mass concentration

Mass concentration= mass of the solute(g) ONLY/ volume of the solution(l)

Density of solution= mass of the solution(g) / volume of the solution(l)

(mass of the solution = mass of the solute + solution)

Density of a substance= mass of the substance / volume of the substance

3- Relationship between mass concentration and molar concentration

𝒎 𝒏 ×𝑴
Cm = = = C × M then Cm = C × M (To be used Directly)
𝑽 𝑽

Application:
Determine the molar concentration of a sodium chloride solution NaCl 29.5 g / L.
Given that M NaCl = 58.5 g/mol
Solution
𝐶𝑚
Cm =29,5 g/L Cm = C × 𝑀 → 𝐶 =
𝑀
M = 58,5 g/mol 29,5𝑔/𝑙
C = 58,5𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙 = 0,5 𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝐿