Q : Can we calculate the pfr volume experimentally?

A : No, it is not possible for the current setup as the feed line is directly connected with the inner
pipe of pfr, (outer pipe has coolant). So, we have to rely on the given manual.

Q : How to calculate the cstr volume experimentally?

A : Pouring water to the tanks fully and then again fully drain the tank by opening the drain valve
at bottom and again pour water in a bucket of known capacity.

Q : Is reaction rate constant k changes if we change the reactor type ?

A : No, if temperature of the reactor remains as a constant, then the reaction rate constant
remains constant for all kinds of reactor.

Q : What is the time required for achieving steady state in case of pfr ?
A : Only one time constant t required for achieving steady state

Q : What is the time we have taken for reaching steady state for the experiment cstr in series ?
A : 4t

Q : Is reaction rate intensive or extensive ?

A : Intensive

Q : What is a observed rate or measured rate ?

A : Observed rate are those which have parameters that can be easily evaluated or those are
known.

Q : Where we have prepared the oxalic acid solution ?

A : Volumetric flask

Q : What are the parameters on which reaction rate depends on ?

A : Concentration and temperature

Q : Why multiple reactors are used in case of using only one cstr ?
A : Because if we use only one cstr, then for same conversion theoretically we need a very high
volume of cstr, but actually we get slightly less conversion value if we use 1 cstr

Q : Why cstr have been used in series but not in parallel ?

A : For parallel combination, conversion will be same, just the capacity of cstr increases, but in
series conversion will be increased gradually from 1 reactor to another

Q : The pfr is tilted at one end ?

A : Because in this way, the residence time increases slightly so proper contacting can be
maintained, and also if it is tilted then the air remains within it can reach the topmost position
and can be removed easily, so there will be no such air pockets within the reactor.
Q : Can we maintain isothermal condition for pfr really ?
A : No, we can’t maintain because, if we want to maintain then we need an infinite number of
infinitely small heat exchangers placed along the cross section of the pfr, so for better
temperature control we use cstr.

Q : Why same flowrate of the two reactants are used ?

A : For ease in calculation as stoichiometric ratio is same for both reactants.

Q : Which compound is put into burette for titrating ?

A : NaOH

Q : Which compound is put into reactor for stopping the reaction ?

A : HCl

Q : Why quenching is required ?

A : We want to measure the conversions of the reactants at a particular time, so in order to
ensure the reaction has been stopped at that particular time instant, we add quench solution in
the reactor. If we do not do this, then there will be error.

Q : Why 20ml HCl solution is taken as a quench medium?

A : We have taken 10 ml product solution, and as concentration of both HCl and NaOH are
same, so equal volume of HCl is required to neutralize the NaOH. If there is 10ml NaOH (at
extreme case, if there is no reaction happening), then 10 ml HCl solution required, but again we
have to titrate it with standardized NaOH, so we take more amount of HCl, generally 2 times the
product solution taken.

Q : Why HCl is used for quenching ?

A : Because HCl costs very less, basicity of NaOH and acidity of HCl are basically same, so
ease in calculation, and HCl is strong acid and NaOH is strong base, so titration can be done
efficiently.

Q : Do we really need Oxalic acid solution?

A : Yes, because oxalic acid solution is used for standardization purpose, as we can’t get
standard solutions required for a particular experiment. So, oxalic acid is used for primary
standardization purpose.

Q : What will be the trend of conversion of reactants in cstr, pfr or batch reactor ?
A : In batch reactor, the conversion will increase with time but in pfr and cstr conversion remains
constant theoretically after reaching steady state (though in reality, conversion changes slightly
with respect to the steady state value)
Q : Why the NaOH requirement for titration gradually decreases with increasing flowrate of
reactants ?
A : If flowrate increases, then the residence time of the reactant decreases, and similarly
conversion decreases, so the NaOH content in the product solution increases, so HCl required
increases and for titration a lesser amount of NaOH is required.

Q : Why RTD experiment is performed in no reaction mode?

A : This experiment is solely performed to know the hydrodynamic behaviour of pfr

Q : What is the tressor used in rtd experiment ?

A : Sulfuric acid

Q : Why semibatch reactor is used ?

A : We can control the contacting scheme here, if we want reactant A in more amount and B in
less amount then we can use it. Temperature control can also be done efficiently.

Q : What may be the possible limiting reactant ?

A : NaOH

Q : State the formula for design equations of Batch, pfr, cstr.

Q : When will we use a batch reactor ?

A : It is used for low production rate

Q : When we will use pfr?

A : For very fast reactions, gas phase reactions. Frequent cleaning of reactor not required and
temperature control is not required.

Q : When we will use cstr?

A : For very slow reaction, for liquid phase reactions, reaction is very much temperature
sensitive, and capacity is very high.

Q : What will be the residence time distribution for cstr ?

A : 0 to infinity

Q : What will be the residence time distribution for pfr?

A : 0, why, because we have assumed that each and every particle experiences same residence
time inside pfr

Q : What is the difference between pfr and tfr?

A : pfr is ideal, we can’t get pfr in reality, but tfr (tubular flow reactor) can be found easily. Major
difference is there will be some amount of axial dispersion in tfr but not in pfr.
Q : What is the use of an air compressor?
A : It pressurizes the feed upto a safe limit and then by using rotameters, we can control the
flow of reactants.

Q : What is the capacity of tanks that has been used in the experimental setup?
A : 20 liters

Q : Why have rotameters been used in the setup?

A : As rotameters, occupies lesser volume for flow controlling

Q : What is the mass transfer scheme in case of pfr?

A : Pure convection

Q : What is the mass transfer scheme in case of pfr with axial dispersion?
A : Convection and diffusion

Q : How much sulfuric acid has been added in rtd analysis?

A : 10(N) 5 ml Sulfuric acid

Q : Is the air compressor used as a pneumatic conveying?

A : No, it is not used as a pneumatic conveying, because pneumatic conveying is such a thing,
we get after increasing the gas velocity after fluidization.

Q : When we increase the flow rate, the time interval for sample collection is reduced, why?
A : Because flowrate of reactant if increases, then the rate of reaction also increases, so conversion also
increases within a short period of time.

Q : Why pump is not used in place of compressor?

A:

Q : Why it is need to keep the concentration of reactant as high as possible ?

A : The concentration of reactant must be as high as possible because the reaction rate constant is
greater than 0

Q : What is the use of tracer ?

A : It is non-reactive, easily detectable, non-absorbable material used for seeing the behaviour of the
internal hydrodynamic behaviour of the reactor.

Q : What is the type of controller is used for temperature control ?

A : RTD (resistance temperature dependant) controller

Q : Why oxalic acid is only used ?

A : It is very economical for use

Q : What is the primary standardization and secondary standardization ?

A : Primary standardization is producing the oxalic acid in a volumetric flask. Secondary standardization
is the initial standardization of NaOH with respect to Oxalic acid.
Q : What is the way by which the tressor has been injected ?
A : Pulsed type

Q : What is the distribution of RTD graph ?

A : Normal distribution

Q : What does E(t) denotes ?

A : E(t) describes the fraction of molecules exited after a time t. It is measured at the exit, and is called the
exit age distribution.

Q : What does F denotes ?

A : F denotes the molecules at the

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