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Fem Formulation of Heat Transfer in Cylindrical Porous Medium

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DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/225/1/012024

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ICMAEM-2017 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 225 (2017) 012024 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/225/1/012024
1234567890

Fem Formulation of Heat Transfer in Cylindrical Porous

Medium

Azeem1, Khaleed H.M.T2 and Manzoor Elahi M Soudagar3

1
Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Taylor’s University, Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic University,
Madinah Munawwarra, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
3
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jain College of Engineering, Belagavi,
590014, India

E-mail: me.soudagar@gmail.com

Abstract. Heat transfer in porous medium can be derived from the fundamental laws of flow in
porous region ass given by Henry Darcy. The fluid flow and energy transport inside the porous
medium can be described with the help of momentum and energy equations. The heat transfer
in cylindrical porous medium differs from its counterpart in radial and axial coordinates. The
present work is focused to discuss the finite element formulation of heat transfer in cylindrical
porous medium. The basic partial differential equations are derived using Darcy law which is
the converted into a set of algebraic equations with the help of finite element method. The
resulting equations are solved by matrix method for two solution variables involved in the
coupled equations.

Index terms. Finite Element Method, Partial Differential Equations, Heat and Mass Transfer.

1. Introduction
The heat transfer in cylindrical geometries is common phenomenon which has been exploited to
improve the objective of either increasing or decreasing the heat transfer from such geometry based on
the requirement. The heat transfer in porous cylinder is not an exception. The coordinate system in
such cases differs from Cartesian to cylindrical coordinate with changes in the governing equations of
any particular phenomenon involved. The heat transfer and its allied areas in porous medium have
been reported for many cases making use of various numerical methods [1-38]. The choice of any
particular method depends on the geometry, phenomenon involved as well as the competency of
people involved while dealing with such problems. Nevertheless, finite element method has been a
popular choice for many researchers to deal different problems in porous medium. The current work is
dedicated to discuss the finite element formulation and solution method of heat transfer in porous
cylinder.

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IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 225 (2017) 012024 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/225/1/012024
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2. Governing Equations
Heat transfer in porous cylinder is described by well-known momentum and energy equations. These
equations can be non-dimensionalised for simplifying the solution procedure so that the number of

Momentum equation,

∂ 2ψ ∂  1 ∂ψ  ∂T
+r   = r Ra
∂z
2
∂ r  r ∂ r 
 ∂r (1)
Energy equation,

1  ∂ψ ∂T ∂ψ ∂T   1 ∂   4 Rd  ∂T  ∂ 2 T 
 − =  1 + r +
r  ∂ r ∂ z ∂ z ∂ r   r ∂r   3  ∂ r  ∂ z 2 
(2)

Applying Galerkin method to above equations as below:

 ∂ 2ψ ∂  1 ∂ψ  ∂T 
{R }= − ∫ N
e T
 2 +r − r Ra  2πr dA
A  ∂ y ∂ r  r ∂ r  ∂ r 
(3)
 1  ∂ψ ∂T ∂ψ ∂T   1 ∂   4 Rd  ∂T  ∂ 2 T 
[ ] ∫
Re = − N T   − 
−
 r  ∂r ∂ y ∂ y ∂r 
 1 +
r ∂r  
r +  2πr dA
3  ∂ r  ∂ y 2 
A    (4)
The integration of above equations results into following matrix equations for a linear triangular
element

Momentum equation,

 b1 2 b1b2 b1b3  c1 2 c1c 2 c1c3   ψ  b1T1 + b2T2 + b3T3 

2 π R     1  2  
 b1b2 b2 b2 b3  + c1c 2 c 2 c 2 c3   ψ 2  + 2 π R Ra b1T1 + b2T2 + b3T3  = 0
2 2

4 A  2  2   b T + b T + b T 
 b1b2 b2 b3 b 3  c1c 2 c 2 c3 c 3   ψ 3   1 1 2 2 3 3
(5)

Energy equation,

 c1ψ 1 + c 2ψ 2 + c 3ψ 3  b1ψ 1 + b2ψ 2 + b3ψ 3   T1 

 2π   2π    
12 A c1ψ 1 + c 2ψ 2 + c 3ψ 3 [b1 b2 b3 ] − 12 A b1ψ 1 + b2ψ 2 + b3ψ 3 [c1 c 2 c 3 ] T2 
 c ψ + c ψ + c ψ  b ψ + b ψ + b ψ   T 
  1 1 2 2 3 3  1 1 2 2 3 3  3 
 b1 2 b1b2 b1b2  T1  c1 2 c1c 2 c1c3  T1 
2 π R  4        
+ 1 + Rd  b1b2 b2 b2 b3  T2  + c1c 2 c 2 c 2 c3  T2  = 0
2 2

4 A  3   2    2   
 b1b3 b2 b3 b3  T3  c1c3 c 2 c3 c3  T3 
(6)

2
ICMAEM-2017 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 225 (2017) 012024 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/225/1/012024
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Equation 5 and 6 are the equivalent finite element form for equation 1 and 2 respectively. These
equations represent the element contribution to whole domain. These equations need to be assembled
in a global stiffness and global force vector which then applied with boundary conditions. These
equations can be solved in an iterative manner to get the solution for temperature and stream function
at all the nodes of the domain that can be further processed for secondary variables. The cylinder has
circular cross section giving an advantage to reduce it as 2-dimensional problem. Further advantage of
geometry can be taken by modeling only a half of cylinder in 2-dimension. This can be done due to the
symmetric left and right section of cylinder as shown in Figure 1 which shows the half section of an
annular vertical cylinder. Since the equations are coupled, they can be solved by iterative method by
setting a proper tolerance limit. A guess value of one variable say Ψ is fed into equation 6 for all
nodes and solved for the T . The obtained T at all the nodes is fed back into equation 5 and new value
of Ψ is obtained which then fed back into equation 6 to get fresh value of T . The cycle continues
until the difference between the current and previous iteration of each of the two variables falls below
the tolerance limit for all the nodes of the domain.

Figure 1. Half section of 2-dimensional vertical annulus

The solution of equation 5-6 by taking Ra=100, Rd=0, Rr=1 and Ar=2 yields the convergence
behaviour as shown in figure 2-3. The parameter Rr and Ar are the radius ratio and aspect ratio of
cylinder respectively. It is seen that the convergence criterion which is set at 10-5 and 10-9 for T and
Ψ are achieved after 35 iterations for current case. The fluctuations of solution variables for current
set of parameters are not much. However, the choice of aspect ratio (the ratio of height to width of
porous domain) around 1 is found to have higher fluctuations in solution variables with respect to
iterations, having taken more number of iterations and thus longer time to arrive at solution. The
increased Rayleigh number is found to fluctuate the solution whereas increased radiation parameter
dampens the fluctuations.

3
ICMAEM-2017 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 225 (2017) 012024 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/225/1/012024
1234567890

0.35

0.3

0.25
Temperature

0.2

0.15

0.1

0.05

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Iteration no.

Figure 2. Temperature variations at monitored node

4.5

4
stream function

3.5

2.5

1.5
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Iteration no.

Figure 3. Stream function variations at monitored node

4
ICMAEM-2017 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 225 (2017) 012024 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/225/1/012024
1234567890

3. Conclusion
The current article is aimed to present the finite element formulation and solution of heat transfer in
porous cylindrical body. It is found that the solution converges fast for the value Ra=100, Rd=0, Rr=1
and Ar=2. It is further noted that solution fluctuates to greater extent at Ar=1

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