8/11/20 21st Century

From Oral Tradition to Written Form

What is literature?
Church Doctrines
- Written works of a specific culture, sub-culture, religion,
- Stories about the passion of Christ
philosophy
- Doctrina Christiana (1593), first book
- We can understand human nature, appreciate life experiences,
evaluate our beliefs, reflect on ethical situations
- From latin word, “littera” or letter
- Prose, poetry, drama The Birth of Literacy
e
- Ladinos
- Mostly devotional poetry “Mahal na Pasion ni Jose Christo”
PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
- Francisco de San Jose
PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD

Folk Speeches
Plays and Drama
- Traditional oral literature, it is changeable
- Passed from generation to generation - For entertainment
- Oral tradition
1. Riddles - features o Duplo
2. Proverbs - values - Spanish-influenced
3. Quatrains and Tanaga – Philippine version of Haiku, 7 lines o Native poetic-drama “komedya” or moro-moro
4. Folk songs – work, farewell, courting, rituals; express faith,
- Jose de la Cruz (komedya), Francisco Balagtas Baltazar
joy, hopes; reflect the lives and activities; sung and passed
(Traditional Tagalog Poetry), Pedro Paterno (writer, first
orally
Filipino novel “Ninay”), Jose Rizal (Noli Me Tangere, El
5. Epics – “ethnoepics,” long narrative poems, supernatural or
Filibusterismo)
heroic event

Folk Narratives

1. Myths – gods, exploit of heroes, elements of nature’s origin

2. Legends (alamat ng pinya) – widely told explanatory stories AMERICAN LITERATURE
for a phenomena
3. Folktales (fantastic stories) – supernatural tales, vampires, Period of Apprenticeship (Period of Imitation)– Year 1910 to
tikbalang, manananggal 1935 (Growth was seen in literature)
4. Fables - animal stories with lessons
American Occupation
 Philippine Normal School established in the Year
1901, school for teachers
 Thomas – boat for teachers
 Thomasites first teachers
 UP – 1908
 UP Folio – Embodiment of the early attempts of
Filipinos at self-expression in English, soon changed
to Philippine Collegian
 Philippine Herald – first Filipino daily newspaper in
1920
 Philippines Magazine – first magazine, AVH
Jartendorp became the editor-publisher, literary
writings, images
 The Manila Tribune – established the same 1925,
every Sunday, supplementary to Philippine Herald
 Literary Apprentice – UP Writers club, most
prestigious college literary publication in the country,
imitated to westerners
 Philippine Free Press – contests especially for short
stories
 Dead Stars – Paz Marquez-Benitez
3 G’s – Glory, Gold, God  Sursum Surda – Poetry sentimental love lyrics, verbal
exuberance (artificial and insincere)
SPANISH PERIOD LITERATURE  Essays – compiled by Vicente M. Hilario and Eliseo
The Birth of Christianity M. Quirino, Thinking of Ourselves
 JAPANESE and POST WAR PERIOD People in these regions speak Hilagaynon and Aklanon
Period of self-discovery and rapid growth
Kiniray-a/ Kinaray-a = the mother language of West Visayas

 Purely oral, West Visayan literature before the coming of the

Quality#1
Spaniards was in Kiniray-a, supposed language of the 10 datus
Making a national literature "identity" switch to
from Borneo
vernacular language. (Filipinos using tagalog and any filipino
 According to the stories of our old folks, these datus exchanged
dialouges)
golden headgear and necklace that reached the ground for the
Japanese did not like to use other language in
Island of Panay
Quality#2
Concern to craftmanship "uniqueness" modernist perspectives.

Quality#3
Exploring the local color "brand or mark"
-Haiku (Japan)
-Tanaga (Filipino)
Journalistic (not allowing.)
Haiku (genre that arose in japanese period.)
Most famous haiku writer- Matsuo Basho

Idealism to realism
•vernacular language
•social realities
•silencing the press
•socio political factors
•modernism

LATE 20TH
POST WAR, CONTEMPORARY ERA

 Transition from being a colony

 Socialist realism
 Period of Activism
 Revolutionary perspectives

MARTIAL LAW
- Marcos claimed that this regulation would help introduce the
concept of the NEW SOCIETY (1972-1980) which is focusing
on social and political values reform.

Literary in Tertiary Schools

- Vernacular literature or literature of the regions

Ilocano Literature

Manang Biday – addressed in an Ilokano courtship song

Dung-aw – Ilokano lit which is an invocation to spirits
Bari bari - word to push away spirits
Biag ni Lam Ang – most prominent epic of the ilokanos
Pedro Bukaneg - helped to preserve the epic

- Folk and ward songs

- Dynamism, happiness, optimism
- Various occasion

Hilagaynon & Ilonggo Literature

 Untuka – Proverbs,
Antoka – Riddles

 Unified by the islamic faith

 13 major ethno-linguistic
 Folk literature is shared rather than credited
individually

Muslim Folk Literature