ASK, FSK and PSK

Modulators and Demodulators

Classification of Modulation
 ASK Modulation

The following figure represents ASK modulated waveform with its input.

ASK Modulation can be represented by following equation:

𝑠 𝑡 = 𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝜋𝑓𝑐 𝑡 for Binary “1”
𝑠 𝑡 = 0; 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐵𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑦 "0"
 ASK Modulator

Block Diagram of ASK Modulator Circuit Diagram of ASK Modulator

(using Transistor)
ASK Modulator…..(contd.)

Circuit Diagram of ASK Modulator

(using 555 Timer IC)
 ASK Demodulation

Block Diagram of Synchronous ASK Block Diagram of Asynchronous ASK

Detector or Demodulator Detector or Demodulator
 ASK Demodulation

Circuit Diagram of Asynchronous ASK Detector or Demodulator

ASK Modulation & Demodulation

Waveform Obtained from MATLAB

 ASK: Advantage, Disadvantage, Application
Advantage:
Simplicity.

Disadvantages:
ASK is very susceptible to noise interference; noise usually affects the
amplitude, therefore ASK is the modulation technique most affected by
noise.

Application:
ASK is used to transmit digital data over optical fiber.
Theory: FSK Modulation and Demodulation

𝑠 𝑡 = 𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝜋𝑓1 𝑡 , 𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑦 1

s(t) = 𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝜋𝑓2 t), binary 2

Here, in BFSK, the “1” is called the mark frequency and the
“0” is called the space frequency.
 FSK Modulation

Block Diagram of FSK Modulator

 FSK Modulator

Circuit Diagram of FSK Modulator (Using 555 Timer IC)

 FSK Demodulation

Block Diagram of Synchronous FSK Detector Block Diagram of Asynchronous FSK Detector
FSK Demodulation

Circuit Diagram of FSK Demodulator

FSK Modulation & Demodulation

Waveforms Obtained from MATLAB

 FSK: Advantage, Disadvantage & Application
Advantages:
• It has lower probability of Error (Pe).
• It provides high SNR.
• It has higher immunity to noise due to constant envelope. Hence it is
robust against variation in attenuation through channel.
• FSK transmitter and FSK receiver implementations are simple for low
data rate application.
Disadvantages:
It uses larger bandwidth compare to other modulation techniques such as
ASK and PSK. Hence, it is not bandwidth efficient.
Application:
Amateur Radio, Early Telephone-line modems, Emergency broadcast system
PSK Modulation and Demodulation
 PSK Modulation

Block Diagram of PSK Modulator

 PSK Modulator

Circuit Diagram of PSK Modulator (Using Transistor)

 BPSK Demodulation

Block Diagram of Coherent BPSK Demodulator

PSK Demodulation

Circuit Diagram of PSK Demodulator

PSK Modulation & Demodulation

MATLAB PSK Waveform

 PSK: Advantage, Disadvantage & Application
Advantages:
• It allows data to be carried along a radio communications signal much
more efficiently than with FSK.
• In QPSK 4-phase states are used, all within 90 degree of one another.
Disadvantages:
• It is non-coherent reference signal.
• It produces more incorrect demodulations because the error can integrate
with time since the reference signal for demodulation is not fixed.
Application:
• Optical communication
• Local Oscillator
• Multi-channel WDM
 Performance Comparison between ASK, FSK & PSK
Parameter ASK FSK PSK
Constant Frequency, Amplitude and Amplitude and
Parameters Phase of Carrier Phase of Carrier Frequency of
Carrier
Bandwidth Low High Low
Noise High Low Low
SNR Low High High
Data Rate Less Less High
Polarity of Unipolar Unipolar Polar
Binary Input