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ANH 12 UNIT 2: URBANIZATION

Vocabulary

agricultural /ˌæɡrɪˈkʌltʃərəl/ (adj): thuộc về nông nghiệp

centralise /ˈsentrəlaɪz/(v): tập trung

cost – effective /ˌkɒst ɪˈfektɪv/(adj): hiệu quả

counter-urbanisation /ˌkaʊntə ˌɜːbənaɪˈzeɪʃn/(n): phản đô thị hóa, dãn dân

densely populated /ˈdensli ˈpɒpjuleɪtɪd/: mật độ dân số cao

down-market /ˌdaʊnˈmɑːkɪt/(adj): giá rẻ, bình dân

down-to-earth /ˌdaʊn tu ˈɜːθ/(adj): thực tế/ sát thực

energy-saving /ˈenədʒi ˈseɪvɪŋ/(adj): tiết kiệm năng lượng

expand /ɪkˈspænd/ (v): mở rộng

industrialisation /ɪnˌdʌstriəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/(n): sự công nghiệp hóa

interest-free /ˌɪntrəst ˈfriː/ (adj): không tính lãi

kind-hearted /ˌkaɪnd ˈhɑːtɪd/ (adj): tử tế, tốt bụng

long-lasting /ˌlɒŋ ˈlɑːstɪŋ/(adj): kéo dài

migrate /maɪˈɡreɪt/(v): di cư

mindset /ˈmaɪndset/ (n): định kiến

overload /ˌəʊvəˈləʊd/ (v): làm cho quá tải

sanitation /ˌsænɪˈteɪʃn/(n): vệ sinh

self-motivated /ˌself ˈməʊtɪveɪtɪd/ (adj): tự tạo động lực

slum /slʌm/(n): nhà ổ chuột

infrastructure (n) /ˈɪn.frəˌstrʌk.tʃər/: cơ sở hạ tầng

time-consuming /ˈtaɪm kənsjuːmɪŋ/(adj): tốn thời gian

thought-provoking /ˈθɔːt prəvəʊkɪŋ/ (adj): đáng để suy nghĩ

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unemployment /ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪmənt/(n): tình trạng thất nghiệp

upmarket /ˌʌpˈmɑːkɪt/ (adj): đắt tiền, xa xỉ

urbanization /ˌɜːbənaɪˈzeɪʃn/(n): đô thị hóa

weather-beaten /ˈweðə biːtn/ (adj): dãi dầu sương gió

well-established /ˌwel ɪˈstæblɪʃt/ (adj): được hình thành từ lâu, có tiếng tăm

Quiz

Fill in the blanks with the words from the box

weather-beaten

industrial

slum

urban area

infrastructure

densely populated

1. Polluted smoke released from _________ zones causes harmful effects on local people’s
health.

2. Although life in the___________ offers me with lots of entertainment, comfort and

convenience, I prefer to live in the rural area because of its fresh air and simplicity

3. More money is needed to maintain the city’s ______________.

4. The fisherman had a ______________ face.

5. The fear is that a resurgence of Medieval disease’s like Leprosy and Typhus could occur in
a ________________ area like Los Angeles County.

6. This house would be an absolute ______ if I wasn't here to clean it.

Grammar: The subjunctive in that- clauses after certain verbs and expressions.

1. Cấu trúc “that……. should” với động từ

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Động từ Cấu trúc Ví dụ

suggest, advise, ask, S1 + V1 (that)+ My father insists that my

demand, insist, require,
order, request, recommend,
urge, propose…
brother (should) work on the
• S2 + (should) V.inf farm.
(CĐ)
They propose that a new
• S2 + (should) be PII bridge (should) be built.
(BĐ).

2. Cấu trúc “that ……. should” với tính từ

Tính từ Cấu trúc Ví dụ

'd^boll/
important, essential, It+ to be + adj+ that + It is vital that people
crucial, advised, (should) protect the
imperative, vital, • S2 + (should) V.inf (CĐ) environment.
necessary, required,….. • S2 + (should) be PII (BĐ) It is essential that young
people (should) be told
the truth about city life.

Quiz

1. It is crucial that urban people ______ rural people.

A. not look down on B. not looking down on

2. They proposed that the theatre _______ to make way for a new shopping center.

A. be demolished B. was demolished

PRACTICE / /

Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined
/ɪkˈspænd/ /ˈsentrəlaɪz /
1. A. expand B. centralize C. densely D. energy

2. A. fluctuate B. sanitation C. established D. steadily

Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others

3. A. expand B. migrate C. effect D. double

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4. A. initiative B. necessary C. discriminate D. authority

Choose the correct answer for the questions

5. ______ is what shaped our cities into what they are today.

A. Electrification B. Industrialization C. Determination D. Urbanization

6. The lack of running water, ______ and inadequate housing leads to deadly conditions in
the slums in many cities in Africa.

A. sanitation B. irrigation C. urbanization D. industrialization

7. ________ are urban areas that are heavily populated with substandard housing and very
poor living conditions.

A. Huts B. Tents C. Slums D. Cottages

8. If you don’t ________ this opportunity, you might not get another one.

A. catch B. grab C. capture D. hold

9. You may find you’ve got so many things to think about that it’s difficult to ______.

A. see off B. put off C. turn it off D. switch off

10. I can’t stand _______ people who are not tolerant of new ideas.

A. narrow-mind B. narrow-minded C. minded-narrow D. narrow-minding

11. He asked the reporters to provide him with _______ numbers on urban percentages.

A. dated B. up-to-minute C. out-of-date D. up-to-date

12. ______ and poverty force people to engage in anti-social activities.

A. Employees B. Employment C. Unemployment D. Jobs

13. Traffic congestion has become a major issue, while schools and hospitals are _______.

A. overbearing B. overdone C. overdeveloped D. overloaded

14. The UK is considering the proposal that it ____ compensations for damages of the Indian
embassy.

A. been paying B. is paying C. paid D. pay

15. Mary demanded that the heater____ immediately. Her apartment was freezing.

A. repaired B. be repaired C. being repaired D. been repaired

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16. The monk insisted that the tourists ____ the temple until they had removed their shoes.

A. not enter B. not entering C. not to enter D. to not enter

Choose the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s)

17. She's a down-to-earth woman with no pretensions.

A. ambitious B. creative C. idealistic D. practical

18. Polish artist Pawel Kuzinsky creates satirical paintings filled with thought-provoking
messages about the world.

A. inspirational B. provocative C. stimulating D. universal

Find the mistakes which need correcting

19. Overpopulation is an undesirable condition where the number of existing human

population exceeding the carrying capacity of Earth.

A. where B. existing C. exceeding D. of

20. Because of severe asthma attacks, the doctor suggested his patient to stop smoking.

A. Because of B. attacks C. suggested D. to stop

Choose the correct answer

Urbanization is a process (21) _____ populations move from rural to urban area, enabling cities
and towns to grow. It can also be termed as the progressive (22) _____ of the number of people
living in towns and cities. It is highly (23) ______ by the notion that cities and towns have
achieved better economic, political, and social (24) _______ compared (25) _____ the rural
areas.

21. A. which B. by which C. of which D. in which

22. A. rising B. increase C. raise D. drop

23. A. caused B. changed C. influenced D. altered

24. A. achievements B. success C. trends D. differences

25. A. by B. to C. on D. for

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Read the following passage and choose the correct answer.

When Vu Thi Linh moved her family from their spacious rural home to a tiny rented room in
Hanoi, she hoped her children would be able to get the education she never had.

Her family are among hundreds of thousands of people moving to Vietnam's bulging capital
and southern Ho Chi Minh City every year, part of what the World Bank says is one of the
fastest rates of urbanization in Asia.

But as economic growth accelerates, Vietnam's cities are struggling to cope with the huge
numbers of people abandoning the grind of country life, while only the elderly and the young
are left in the villages. Some 70 percent of the 90 million-strong population still lives off
farming in rural areas, many move to the cities to work in export-orientated manufacturing --
often in industrial zones on the outskirts of big urban centers -- construction and services. For
many of these new arrivals, life is not easy. Vietnam now has 30 million people living in cities,
making it the sixth most urbanized country in East Asia.

Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City have been struggling to build enough infrastructure -- roads,
water supplies and drainage can hardly keep pace with the city's growth. Traffic congestion has
become a major issue, while schools and hospitals are overloaded, experts say. In Ho Chi Minh
City, some 85,000 new pupils enter the schooling system each year and, in some areas, up to
half of these may be from other provinces. The new arrivals – mostly students and unskilled
workers bring benefits, but also put pressure on culture, education, traffic and health care.

26. The reason why Mrs. Linh family moved to Hanoi was _____

A. to abandon her country house

B. to get a decent job to support her children

C. to further her children’s education

D. to take part in the process of urbanization

27. All of the following are the issues of urbanization EXCEPT that ______

A. most of them are not very qualified or experienced

B. the migrants take away jobs from people in cities

C. there are more pressure on infrastructure

D. there may not be enough labor force in the countryside

28. Most people moving to the city ______

A. earn a lot of money because they work hard

B. try to build enough infrastructure to cope with congestion

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C. still live on farming in rural areas

D. work in industrial zones, construction and services

29. In Vietnam, urban population accounts for _______

A. about 30,000 percent B. 90 million

C. 70 percent D. 85,000

30. Urbanization in Vietnam has made _______

A. it the sixth most urbanized country in Southeast Vietnam

B. infrastructure unable keep up with the city’s growth

C. only negative effects in the nation and the cities

D. the city overloaded with schools and hospitals

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