approaches

approaches

to
to language
language

testing
testing

JOHN EDWARD M. FAJARDO

BSED - English III
ESSAY-TRANSLATION
APPROACH
 ESSAY-TRANSLATION
APPROACH
Characteristics & Types of Tests

Tests usually consist of

essay writing, translation,
& grammatical analysis.
 ESSAY-TRANSLATION
APPROACH
Strengths of this Approach

Maybe used for testing

any level of examinees.
 ESSAY-TRANSLATION
APPROACH
Strengths of this Approach

Model for tester can easily be

modified based on the
essentials of tests.
ESSAY-TRANSLATION
APPROACH
Weaknesses of this Approach

Subjective judgment of
teachers tends to be
biased.
STRUCTURALIST
APPROACH
 STRUCTURALIST APPROACH
Characteristics & Types of Test

Views that language and

learning is chiefly concerned
with a systematic
acquisition of set of habits.
STRUCTURALIST APPROACH
Characteristics & Types of Test

Testing the skills of listening,

speaking, reading and
writing is separate from
another as much as
possible.
 STRUCTURALIST APPROACH
Strengths of this Approach

In testing students’
capability, this may
objectively and surely
be used by testers.
 STRUCTURALIST APPROACH
Strengths of this Approach

May forms of tests can be

covered in the test in a short
time.
 STRUCTURALIST APPROACH
Strengths of this Approach

Using this will help students

find their strengths and
weaknesses in every skill
they study.
STRUCTURALIST APPROACH
Weaknesses of this Approach

It tends to be complicated job

for teachers to prepare
questionnaires using this
approach.
INTEGRATIVE
APPROACH
 INTEGRATIVE APPROACH
Characteristics & Types of Tests

This approach involves

the testing of language in
context and is thus
concerned primarily with
meaning and the total
communicative effect of
discourse.
INTEGRATIVE APPROACH
Characteristics & Types of Tests

Involves functional language

but not the use of functional
language.
INTEGRATIVE APPROACH
Characteristics & Types of Tests

The use of cloze test,

dictation, oral interview,
translation, essay writing.
 INTEGRATIVE APPROACH
Strengths of this Approach

A model cloze test measures

the reader’s ability to decode
‘interrupted’ or ‘mutilated’
messages by making the most
acceptable substitutions from
all contextual clues available.
INTEGRATIVE APPROACH
 INTEGRATIVE APPROACH
Weaknesses of this Approach

It is still important to consider

importance of other measuring skills
based on student’s needs, such as
writing only, speaking only, etc.
COMMUNICATIVE
APPROACH
COMMUNICATIVE APPROACH
Characteristics & Types of Tests

Concerned primarily with

how language is used in
communication.
COMMUNICATIVE APPROACH
Characteristics & Types of Tests

Language use is often

emphasized to the exclusion of
usage
COMMUNICATIVE APPROACH
Characteristics & Types of Tests

Content should be relevant

for a particular group of
examinees and the tasks set
should relate to real-life
situation.
COMMUNICATIVE APPROACH
Characteristics & Types of Tests

Introduces concept of
qualitative modes of
assessment in preference to
quantitative.
COMMUNICATIVE APPROACH
Strengths of this Approach

Able to measure all

integrated skills of
students.
COMMUNICATIVE APPROACH
Strengths of this Approach

Detailed statements of each

performance level increase
reliability of scoring by
enabling the examiner to
make up decisions according
to carefully drawn-up and
well-established criteria.
COMMUNICATIVE APPROACH
COMMUNICATIVE APPROACH
Weaknesses of this Approach

Does not emphasize learning

structural grammar, yet it may be
difficult to achieve communicative
competence without a
considerable mastery of the
grammar of a language
COMMUNICATIVE APPROACH
Weaknesses of this Approach

Possible for cultural bias to

affect reliability of the tests
being administered.
THANK
THANK YOU
YOU FOR
FOR LISTENING!
LISTENING!

Have a great day ahead.