FMB1111

Cnidaria/Coelenterata
& Cnetophora
JOHAN ISMAIL
JABATAN SAINS HAIWAN DAN PERIKANAN
FAKULTI SAINS PERTANIAN DAN MAKANAN
UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA

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 Learning Outcomes
◼ Cnidaria /Coelenterata
◼ General Characteristics
◼ Classification
◼ Hydrozoa
◼ Scyphozoa
◼ Cubozoa
◼ Anthozoa
◼ Coral Reefs
◼ Ctenophora

Cnidaria
◼ Phylum Cnidaria, Coelentrata consists of hydras, jellyfish, sea
anemone and corals
◼ Radial symmetry, Radiata
◼ Digestive system : Gastrovascular cavity
◼ Diploblastic germal layers
◼ Two forms : Polyp and Medusae
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 ◼ Polymorphism

◼ Epidermis
◼ Five types of cells : Epitiliomuskular cells, Interstitial cells,
Cnidosit, Mucus cells, Receptors and nerve cells
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Hydra

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 Phylum Cnidaria (11 711)
Class Hydrozoa
Class Scyphozoa
Class Cubozoa
Class Anthozoa
Class Myxozoa
Class Staurozoa

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Hydrozoa
◼ More than 2700 species
◼ Small size and like plant
◼ Attach to rocks, wood and shells
◼ Mesoglea without cells
◼ Gastrodermis with little cnidosit
◼ Gonads are epidermal
◼ Hydra, Obelia
◼ Portugese man-of-war
(Physalia physalis)

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 Hydroid Structure
◼ Most species hydrozoa have a polyp stage in their life cycle
◼ Living individually or colonized
◼ Colonies formed from sprouting and known as hydroid colony
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 Medusae Hydrozoa
◼ Unlike the Scyphozoa medusa,
Medusa hydrozoa called Hydromedusae
◼ Small size 0.5 cm to 6 cm
◼ The top layer "exumbrella" undercoat "subumbrella“
◼ Velum structure present
◼ Tentacles with cnidocytes
◼ Mouth “manubrium”, Gastrodermis “radial canal” and “ring canal”
◼ Nervous system more complex with statocyte and ocelli

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 Reproduction and Life Cycle
◼ Hydrozoa is a hermaphrodite or dioecious
◼ All sexually reproducing medusa
◼ Three types of life cycle:
◼ (A) Medusae only (B) Solitary Polyp (C) No medusae
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(A) Medusae only

(B) Solitary Polyp

(C) No medusae

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 Scyphozoa
◼ Commonly know as Jellyfish
◼ Medusa is dominant and
individual in the life cycle
◼ Short sessile polyps stage
◼ Bigger than hydrozoan and
cubozoan
◼ No velum
◼ Moon Jellyfish : Aurelia aurita
◼ Nomura : Nemopilema nomurai

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Cubozoa
◼ Commonly know as Box jellyfish
◼ Distinguished by their cube-shaped
medusae
◼ Unique structure : Rophalia, Velarium,
Pedalium
◼ Some species of box jellyfish produce
extremely potent venom Chironex
fleckeri,
◼ Irukanji : Carukia bernesi, Malo kingi,
Malo maximus
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Anthozoa
◼ Largest class 6000 species
◼ Individual or colonial Polyps
◼ No medusa stage
◼ Polyps are different from
hydrozoa
◼ Sea anemone, corals, sea
fans, sea pens

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 Class Anthozoa
◼ Have pharynx embedded and cavity gastrovascular divided into
septa or mesentery, Gonads are gastrodermal
◼ Some anthozoan are symbions with algae called zooxanthellae
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 Coral Reefs
◼ Coral reefs are calcium carbonate rock formations that support
a variety of marine animals and plants
◼ Coral reefs are limited in the tropics has a clear, light
penetration required by zooxanthallae
◼ Coral reefs usually live in shallow waters up to 60m with
temperatures around 20oC
◼ Two of the most important environmental factors to coral reef
ecosystems is the water temperature (20-28°C) and light (clear
water)
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 Ctenophora
◼ Comb Jellies
◼ Shape like medusa, transparent,
evolutionary relationships with Cnidaria
◼ Has eight rows meridional cilliary comb
that helps the body move
◼ Being a predator, it also has tentacles
◼ Primitive form of bilaterial spheres
◼ Hermaphrodite

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