Preliminary Period

Eastern Visayas State University Tanauan Campus MODULAR HOME INSTRUCTION

Tanauan, Leyte General Education Courses
First Semester SY. 2021-2022
______________________________________________________________________________________________

Module No: 1 & 2

Date: ________
TOPIC: MEANING OF RIZAL’S NAME AND HIS FAMILY
PROLOGUE: RIZAL AND HIS TIME
RESOURCES: JOSE RIZAL (Life, Works, and Writings of a Genius, Writer, Scientist, and National
Hero)
SUBJECT CODE AND DESCRIPTION: RIZAL 001: The Life and Works of Rizal
INSTRUCTOR: MR. JAY ABDON SILAO

Dr. Jose Rizal is a unique example of a many-splendored genius who became the greatest hero of a
nation. Endowed by God with versatile gifts, he truly ranked with the world’s geniuses. He was a physician
(ophthalmic surgeon), poet, dramatis, essayist, novelist, historian, architect, painter, sculptor, educator,
linguist, musician, naturalist, ethnologist, surveyor, engineer, farmer businessman, economist, geographer,
cartographer, bibliophile, philologist, grammarian, folklorist, philosopher, translator, inventor, magician,
humorist, satirist, polemicist, sportsman, traveler, and prophet. Above and beyond all these, he was a hero and
political martyr who consecrated his life for the redemption of his oppressed people. No wonder, he is now
acclaimed as the national hero of the Philippines.

OBJECTIVES:
By the end of this module, students will have completed the following objective:
• To identify and analyze Dr. Jose Rizal’s name and his family.
• Create a family tree with guidance and independently.
• Explain components of a family tree.
• Analyze the various social, political, economic, and cultural changes that occurred in the nineteenth
century.
• Understand Jose Rizal in the context of his time

Study Notes!

1. Think the distinction that historian make between “past”

and “present”.
2. What do you think of the way historian evaluate Rizal’s
works and the body of works that they evaluate consider as
the most important? Kindly explain your answer.
3. Now that you are taking a Rizal course, write down your
expectation about this and honestly explain why.

_________________________________________MODULAR HOME INSTRUCTION___________________________________

 Lesson # 1
Meaning of Rizal’s name and his Family

DR. JOSE PROTACIO MERCADO RIZAL ALONZO Y REALONDA

MEANINGS OF NAME
• Doctor- completed his medical course in Spain and was conferred the degree of
Licentiate in Medicine by the Universidad Central de Madrid
• Jose- was chosen by his mother who was a devotee of the Christian saint San Jose
(St. Joseph)
• Protacio- from Gervacio P. which come from a Christian calendar
• Mercado- adopted in 1731 by Domigo Lamco (the paternal great-
greatgrandfather of Jose Rizal) which the Spanish term mercado means ‘market’ in
English
• Rizal- from the word ‘Ricial’ in Spanish means a field where wheat, cut while still
green, sprouts again
• Alonzo- old surname of his mother
• Y- and
• Realonda- it was used by Doña Teodora from the surname of her godmother based on the
culture by that time
• June 19, 1861- moonlit of Wednesday between eleven and midnight Jose Rizal was born in
the lakeshore town of Calamba, Laguna
• June 22, 1861- aged three days old, Rizal was baptized in the Catholic church
• Father Rufino Collantes- a Batangueño, the parish priest who baptized Rizal
• Father Pedro Casanas- Rizal’s godfather, native of Calamba and close friend of the Rizal
family
• Lieutenant-General Jose Lemery- the governor general of the Philippines when Rizal was
born

RIZAL’S PARENTS

Don Francisco Mercado (1818-1898)

-born in Biñan, Laguna on May 11, 1818
-studied Latin and Philosophy at the College of San Jose in Manila
-became a tenant-farmer of the Dominican-owned hacienda
-a hardy and independent-minded man, who talked less and worked more, and was strong in body
and valiant in spirit -died in Manila on January 5, 1898 at the age of 80
-Rizal affectionately called him “a model of fathers”
Doña Teodora Alonso Realonda (1826-1911)
-born in Manila on November 8, 1826
-educated at the College of Santa Rosa, a well-known college for girls in the city
-a remarkable woman, possessing refined culture, literary talent, business ability, and the fortitude of
Spartan women-is a woman of more than ordinary culture: she knows literature and speaks
Spanish (according to Rizal) -died in Manila on August 16, 1911 at the age of 85

THE RIZAL CHILDREN

Eleven children—two boys and nine girls

1. Saturnina (1850-1913)
-oldest of the Rizal children
-nicknamed Neneng

_________________________________________MODULAR HOME INSTRUCTION___________________________________

 -married Manuel T. Hidalgo of Tanawan, Batangas
2. Paciano (1851-1930)
-older brother and confident of Jose Rizal
-was a second father to Rizal
-immortalized him in Rizal’s first novel Noli Me Tangere as the wise Pilosopo Tasio
-Rizal regarded him as the “most noble of Filipinos”
-became a combat general in the Philippine Revolution
-died on April 13, 1930, an old bachelor aged 79
-had two children by his mistress (Severina Decena)—a boy and a girl
3. Narcisa (1852-1939)
-her pet name was Sisa
-married to Antonio Lopez (nephew of Father Leoncio Lopez), a school teacher of Morong
4. Olimpia (1855-1887)
-Ypia was her pet name
-married Silvestre Ubaldo, a telegraph operator from Manila
5. Lucia (1857-1919)
-married to Mariano Herbosa of Calamba, who was a nephew of Father Casanas
-Herbosa died of cholera in 1889 and was denied Christian burial because he was a brother-in-
law
of Dr. Rizal
6. Maria (1859-1945)
-Biang was her nickname
-married Daniel Faustino Cruz of Biñan, Laguna
7. Jose (1861-1896)
-the greatest Filipino hero and peerless genius
-nickname was Pepe
-lived with Josephine Bracken, Irish girl from Hong Kong
-had a son but this baby-boy died a few hours after birth; Rizal named him “Francisco” after his father
and buried him in Dapitan
8. Concepcion (1862-1865)
-her pet name was Concha
-died of sickness at the age of 3
-her death was Rizal’s first sorrow in life
9. Josefa (1865-1945)
-her pet name was Panggoy
-died an old maid at the age of 80
10.Trinidad (1868-1951)
-Trining was her pet name
-she died also an old maid in 1951 aged 83
11.Soledad (1870-1929)
-youngest of the Rizal children
-her pet name was Choleng
-married Pantaleon Quintero of Calamba

• Rizal always called her sisters Doña or Señora (if married) and Señorita (if single)
• Francisco Mercado and Teodora Alonso Realonda married on June 28, 1848, after which they
settled down in Calamba
• The real surname of the Rizal family was Mercado, which was adopted in 1731 by Domingo Lamco
(the paternal great-great grandfather of Jose Rizal), who was a full blooded Chinese)
• Rizal’s family acquired a second surname—Rizal—which was given by a Spanish alcalde mayor
(provincial governor) of Laguna, who was a family friend

_________________________________________MODULAR HOME INSTRUCTION___________________________________

 RIZAL’S ANCESTRY
• FATHER’S SIDE
Domingo Lamco Ines de la Rosa
( a Chinese immigrant from ( Well-to-do Chinese
the Fukien city arrived in Christian girl of Changchow
Manila about 1690)

Francisco Mercado Cirila Bernacha

Juan Mercado
( Rizal’s grandfather ) Cirila Alejandro

Had thirteen children, the youngest being Francisco

Mercado (Rizal’s father )

• MOTHER’S SIDE

Lakandula
(The last native king of Tondo )

Eugenio Ursua
( Rizal’s maternal Benigma
Great-great Grandfather of ( a Filipina )
Japanese Ancestry)

Manuel de Quintos
Regina ( a Filipino from Pangasinan )

Lorenzo Alberto Alonso

( a prominent Spanish Filipino
Brigida mestizo of Biñan)

Narcisa, Teodora (Rizal’s mother), Gregorio, Manuel at Jose

THE RIZAL HOME

-was one of the distinguished stone houses in Calamba during the Spanish times
-it was a two-storey building, rectangular in shape, built of adobe stones and hard-woods and roofed with
red tiles -by day, it hummed with the noises of children at play and the songs of the birds in the garden; by
night, it echoed with the dulcet notes of family prayers
• The Rizal family belonged to the principalia, a town aristocracy in Spanish Philippines
• The Rizal family had a simple, contented and happy life

_________________________________________MODULAR HOME INSTRUCTION___________________________________

Learning Exercise

I. MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE: Write TRUE if the statement is valid, and FALSE if otherwise.
If the statement is FALSE, Underline and change the word (s) that make it wrong.

1. The complete name of Rizal is Dr. Jose Protancio Mercado Rizal Alonzo Y Realonda.
2. Dr. Jose Rizal was born on June 19, 1961.
3. Hudio is the Spanish name for a Filipino native.
4. The real surname of the Rizal family was Mercado, which was adopted in 1731 by Domingo
Lamco (the paternal great-great grandfather of Jose Rizal), who was a full blooded Chinese)
5. In the novel wrote by Dr. Jose Rizal his brother Paciano was immortalized him in Rizal’s first
novel Noli Me Tangere as the wise Pilosopo Tasio

II. My Family Tree: A family tree can be as simple or as complicated as you want to be. A simple
genealogy chart may include you, your parents, your grandparents, and your great-grandparents. A
complicated family tree chart may include you, your parent, your siblings, aunts and uncles,
cousins, and so on, and I’m giving you a prerogative to choose. In a ½ illustration board, create a
family tree chart and please put pictures and names as possible. You have to gather information
about your family, draft a family tree outline, add information to each leaf, and distribute your
family tree diagram. Moreover, present your family tree chart to the class.

Lesson # 2
PROLOGUE: RIZAL AND HIS TIME

INTRODUCTION

I. To appreciate and understand the life of Dr. Jose Rizal, it is necessary to know the historical
background of the world and the Philippines during his time. The 19 th century when he lives was
century of ferment caused by the blowing winds of history. In Asia, Europe, and the Americas, events
surged inexorably like sea tides, significantly affecting the lives and fortunes of mankind.

II. The World of Rizal’s Time

a. Rizal’s birthday: June 19, 1861 (151 years ago)

b. American Civil War (1861-65) was raging over the issue of Negro Slavery.
c. April 1862: Napoleon III of the 2nd French Empire conquered Mexico.
d. Italians drove out the Austrians and French Armies from Italy.
e. Prussians (German Kingdom) defeated France and established the German Empire on January
1871.
f. Flowering of the Western Imperialism: England emerged as the world’s leading imperialist
power (1837-1901).
i. British people acquired the island of Hong Kong.
ii. 1859: imposed her rule over the subcontinent of India.
iii. Conquered Burma.
iv. Other lands in Asia: Sri Lanka, Maldives, Aden, Malaysia, Singapore, and Egypt.
v. South Pacific: Australia and New Zealand.
vi. France conquered Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos

_________________________________________MODULAR HOME INSTRUCTION___________________________________

 g. 1853: America re-opened Japan to the world, ending Japan’s 214-year isolation. This
modernized the country by freely accepting Western Influences.
h. Germany was late in the scramble for Colonies.
i. 1885: proclaimed the Carolines (Yap Island) and Palaus as their own despite of the presence
of 2 Spanish ships
ii. This enraged Spain who claimed sovereignty over these islands by virtue of discovery
iii. Relationship of these 2 nations became critical
iv. To avert an actual clash, these 2 countries submitted their concerns to Pope Leo XIII
1. Pope Leo favored Spain but granted 2 concessions to Germany
a. Germany has the right to trade in the disputed Archipelagoes
b. Germany has the right to establish a coaling station in Yap for the German
Navy.
i. Spain, during this colonial ventures, was stagnating as a world power
i. She lost her rich colonies in Latin America: Paraguay (1811), Argentina (1816), Chile
(1817), Colombia and Ecuador (1819)
ii. Lost the Central American Countries: Costa Rica, Honduras, Guatamela, El Slavador,
Nicaragua --- (1821), Venezuela (1822), Peru (1824), Bolivia and Uruguay (1825)
iii. But continued colonizing: Cuba, Puerto Rico, Philippines
j. Filipinos agonized the evil and unjust colonial power of Spain:
i. INSTABILITY OF COLONIAL ADMINISTRATION
1. In Spain: struggles between the forces of despotism (single entity rules with
absolute power/ one power/ one master) and liberalism
2. Political instability in Spain affected Philippine affairs: brought frequent periodic
shifts in colonial policies and officials
ii. CORRUPT OFFICIALS (Gov. Generals)
1. Gen. Rafael de Izquierdo (1871-73): executed Frs. Mariano Gomez, Jose
Burgos, Jacinto Zamora (1872)
2. Gen. Fernando Primo de Rivera: enriched himself by accepting bribes from
gambling casinos in Manila
3. Gen. Valeriano Weyler
a. Arrived in Manila a poor man and returned to Spain a millionaire
b. Received huge bribes and gifts of diamonds from wealthy Chinese who
evaded the anti- Chinese law.
4. Gen. Camilo de Polavieja: executed Rizal
5. After Spain’s loss of colonies in Latin America:
a. Numerous job-seekers and penniless Spaniards came to the Philippines
b. They became judges, provincial executives, army officers, and government
employees.
c. They were either relatives or protégés of civil officials and friars.
d. Mostly ignorant, they conducted themselves with arrogance because of
their alien white skin and tall noses.
e. They became rich by illegal means or by marrying the heiresses of rich
Filipino families.
iii. NO PHILIPPINE REPRESENTATION IN THE SPANISH CORTES
1. To win the support of her overseas colonies during the Napoleonic Invasion,
Spain granted locals from their colonies representation in the Cortes, thus Spanish
parliament government.
2. Philippines experienced her first period of representation in the Cortes from 1810-
1813.
3. However, the second (1820-23) and third (1834-37) periods were less fruitful
because the Philippine delegates were not energetic and devoted in
parliamentary work.

_________________________________________MODULAR HOME INSTRUCTION___________________________________

 4. The representation of the overseas colonies (including the Philippines) was
abolished in 1837. Since then, the Philippine conditions worsened because there
was no means by which the Filipino people could expose the anomalies perpetrated
by the colonial officials.
5. Result: Propaganda Movement that led to Philippine Revolution (1896) was
launched.
iv. HUMAN RIGHTS ARE DENIED
1. Result of no Philippine representation in the Spanish Cortes
2. Freedom for Filipinos was denied
v. NO EQUALITY BEFORE THE LAW
1. Teachings of the Spanish Missionaries: “All men, irrespective of color and race,
are equal before God.”
2. Spanish colonial authorities, who were Christians, did not implement
Christ’s precept of brotherhood of all men.
3. Brown-skinned Filipinos are inferior beings: subjects to be exploited.
4. Brown Filipinos and white Spaniards may be equal before God, but not before the
law and certainly not in practice.
vi. MALADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE
1. Justice was costly, partial, and slow. Poor Filipinos had no access to the courts
because they could not afford the heavy expenses of litigation.
2. Wealth, social, prestige, and color of skin were preponderant factors in winning a
case in court.
3. Justice delayed is justice denied: Juan de la Cruz (1886-1898) – 12 yrs
a. Suspect for murder without preliminary investigation and proper trial
b. Jailed in Cavite for 12 years. In 1898, the Americans came and found
him in jail still awaiting trial.
vii. RACIAL DISCRIMINATION
1. Spaniards called the brown-skinned and flat-nosed Filipinos “INDIOS” (Indians)
2. Filipinos dubbed the Spaniards as “BANGUS” (Milkfish)
3. A Spaniard, no matter how stupid he was, always enjoyed political and
social prestige and superiority.
4. Fr. Jose Burgos:
a. complained the Spanish misconception that a man’s merit depended on
the pigment of his skin
b. complained of the lack of opportunities for educated young Filipinos
to rise in the service of God and country
viii. FRAILOCRACY
1. Spanish political philosophy: union of Church and State
2. “government of friars”
3. Augustinians, Dominicans, Franciscans controlled the religious and
educational life of the Philippines: they acquire tremendous political
power, influence, and riches.
4. A friar’s recommendation is heard by the governor general and provincial
officials. He could send a patriotic Filipino to jailor denounce him as a filibustero
(traitor)
5. These friars were portrayed by Rizal in his novels as Padre Damaso and Padre
Salvi.
ix. FORCED LABOR
1. “POLO:” forced labor imposed on Filipinos in the construction of infrastructures
and public works
2. “Falla:” sum of money paid to government to be exempted from the polo.

_________________________________________MODULAR HOME INSTRUCTION___________________________________

 3. ABUSES:
a. FIRST: Spanish residents, contrary to law, were not recruited for “polo”
b. SECOND: Laborers received only a part of their supposed original
stipend. Worse, they got nothing.
i. People who pay taxes are compelled to work gratis.
c. THIRD: this caused inconvenience and suffering because common
laborers are disturbed from their work in farms, shops, and labors are far
from homes and towns.
x. HACIENDAS OWNED BY THE FRIARS
1. Spanish friars were the richest landlords for they owned the best haciendas
(agricultural lands) in the Philippines.
2. The rural folks became tenants.
a. They resented the loss of their lands which belonged to their ancestors since
pre-
Spanish times
b. The friars were recognized as legal owners of said lands because they
obtained royal titles of ownership from the Spanish Crown.
c. Rizal, whose family and relatives were tenants of a land, tried to initiate
agrarian reform.
d. Rizal’s advocacy ignited the wrath of the friars, who retaliated by raising
rentals of the lands.
3. Friar ownership of the productive lands contributed to the economic stagnation of
the Philippines.
a. Essay of Rizal: “INDOLENCE (lack of concern) OF FILIPINOS”:
Deceptions made by friars making the local folks believe that plantations
are prospering because they were under their care.
xi. GUARDIA CIVIL (Constabulary)
1. Supposed to maintain peace and order in the society
a. Service: to suppress bandits in the provinces
b. They don’t observe their duty: maltreating innocent people, looting their
livelihoods, raping women
2. Rizal directed his stinging satire against the hatred Guardia Civil, through Elias in
Noli Me Tangere.
a. Exposed Guardia Civil as ruthless: disturbing peace & persecuting honest
men
b. He proposed to improve the military organization by having it composed
of good men who have good education and principles; men who are
conscious of the limitations of authority and power.

Learning Exercise

I. Essay:
Directions: Explain each question, before you begin writing read the passage carefully and plan
what you will say. Your essay should be as well organized and as carefully written
as you can make it.

1. How does the Evil and Unjust colonial power of Spain affect the lives of Filipinos at present?
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________MODULAR HOME INSTRUCTION___________________________________

 ________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
2. Choose among the Evil and Unjust doings of Spain and explain your own understanding
about this.
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
3. If you were the historian would you write these events, explain how you would interpret each
of the events you have chosen, and what would you focus on?
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

References:
Gregoria Zaide & Sonia Zaide, 2014 “Jose Rizal Life, Works, and Writings of a Genius, Writer, Scientist,
and National Here” Second Edition; Anvil Publishing, Inc. 7th Floor Quad Alpha Centrum 125 Pioneer
Street, Mandaluyong City.1550, Philippines.

Dr. Maria Stella Valdez & Angelita Gonzales, 2007 “Dr. Jose Rizal and the Writing of his Story” First
Edition; Rex bookstore, Inc.856 Nicanor Reyes, Sr.St.,Sampaloc, Manila.

_________________________________________MODULAR HOME INSTRUCTION___________________________________